DOCSLIB.ORG

Comprehensive Regeneration of Informal Neighbourhoods

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Comprehensive Regeneration of Informal Neighbourhoods Comprehensive Regeneration of Informal Neighbourhoods Antananarivo’s Workshop - Activity Report September 2007 Commission 3 - Metropolis Antananarivo’s Workshop Activity Report CREDITS METROPOLIS Josep Roig, Secretary General Christine Piquemal, Deputy Secretary General PREFEITURA MUNICIPAL DE SÃO PAULO Elisabete França,Secretary of Low Income Housing TECHNICAL COORDINATOR Verena Andreatta, International Consultant EXECUTIVE COORDINATOR Gabriel Barros, METROPOLIS Secretariat General AUTORES Elisabete França, Secretary of Low Income Housing for São Paulo Claudius Vinicius Leite Pereira, President and Director of the Urbanization Company of Belo Horizonte Hélcio Borges, Urbanization Company of Belo Horizonte Fernando Cavalieri, Director of Geographic Information at the Pereira Passos Institute, Río de Janeiro Lalaonira Rahamefy,Director General of SEIMAD (Real Estate Equipment Society of Madagascar) Verena Andreatta, International Consultant Edition: Secretary of Housing, São Paulo Municipal Government Graphic Design: Ricardo Shigaki September 2008 Commission3 - Metropolis Antananarivo’s Workshop Activity Report CONTENTS COMPREHENSIVE REGENERATION OF INFORMAL NEIGHBOURHOODS Do the same problems require the same solutions? Presentation 1 Objectives 2 Desired results 2 Proposed methodology 3 Participants 3 EXPERIENCES IN URBAN PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT IN PRECARIOUS NEIGHBOURHOODS: Components, the Gradual Approach and Levels of Implementation Verena Andreatta 4 COMPREHENSIVE REGENERATION PROJECT OF ANDAVANAMBA AND ANOSIBE DISTRICTS (ANTANANARIVO) Verena Andreatta based upon the PowerPoint submitted by Mr. Lalaonira Rahamefy 16 THE METROPOLITAN ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEM IN WATER SOURCES: The case of São Paulo Elisabete França 24 THE VILA VIVA (LIVE VILLAGE) Serra agglomerate program and the Interventions of structuring character Cláudius Vinícius Leite Pereira and Hélcio Martins Borges 42 THE FAVELA-BAIRRO PROGRAMME OF THE CITY OF RIO DE JANEIRO Fernando Cavallieri 54 COMMISSION 3 TECHNICAL TRAINING WORKSHOP Recommendations 75 Commission3 - Metropolis Antananarivo’s Workshop Activity Report Comprehensive Regeneration of Informal Neighbourhoods: Do the same problems require the same solutions? ANTANANARIVO MADAGASCAR 1. PRESENTATION In the first “Comprehensive Neighbourhood Regeneration” meeting held by Metropolis Commission 3 in São Paulo in April 2006, the African and Brazilian cities demonstrated their interest in working together on the problematic issues and solutions to bring to informally settled neighbourhoods. Aiming to respond to this request, Metropolis proposes to organise a “Technical Training Workshop” for African cities interested in comprehensive neighbourhood regeneration projects during the meetings held inAntananarivo in September. Given the city's hands-on experience in informal neighbourhoods, which was widely discussed, recognised, and celebrated in 2005 with the “Improvement project for the neighbourhoods of Andavamamba and Anosibe in the southwestern zone of Antananarivo,” the metropolis is a particularly appropriate place to hold this workshop. We will be able to take advantage of the opportunity to gain in-depth knowledge of other informal settlement regeneration projects like “Isotry.” Exchanges between the managers and technicians regarding the projects and good practices will count on the support of experts from Brazilian cities (São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, and Belo Horizonte) and Barcelona. Two questions seem to be of interest given the present condition of comprehensive neighbourhood regeneration projects on theAfrican continent: What are the different levels of implementation for works on public service infrastructure and equipment?Are the works in question structural and/or isolated? How have the health education, environmental, and professional training and capacity- building programmes for community actors in the zones of intervention been carried out? Could we consider the use and maintenance of the newly created spaces to be “good”! Commission3 - Metropolis 1 Antananarivo’s Workshop Activity Report 2. OBJECTIVES The objectives proposed for this workshop were: 1)Allow theexchange of experiences between the actors who participate in projects of comprehensive improvement for informal settlements in African cities and Brazilian cities (South-South exchange). Some practical cases from Anatananarivo will be subject to analysis by the group of workshop participants as examples and paradigms for implementing comprehensive regeneration projects. 2)Analise the differentlevels of implementation of urbanisation in the presented and visited projects. Learn the most appropriate tools and techniques for achieving physical improvements in informal settlements. 3)Find out how management programmes in health, the environment, and professional trainingfunction in zones which have already received large and comprehensive intervention with irrevocable improvements in the lives of their inhabitants. This includes identifying the most effective elements of each experience and incorporating them into the good practices to attain sustainability. 4)Noticethe extent to which a transformation has taken place in the labour, income, and health conditions of the inhabitants of the zones benefiting from comprehensive regeneration projects, as well as the most suitable indicators for improving evaluation and monitoring. This includes identifying the best practices for fighting against poverty. 5)Exchange experiences in comprehensive regeneration projects for informalneighbourhoods which weremanaged by foreign non-governmental organisations, enjoyed a high level of participation, and were carried out in African cities (North-South exchange). 3. DESIRED RESULTS A synthesis of the debates will be useful for developing a “catalogue of good practices ” starting from the different situations of neighbourhoods benefiting from comprehensive regeneration programmes, and especially with respect to the levels of implementation for works and infrastructure. This also includespresenting the best examples from the planned and visited sites which stand out because of the good management and monitoring of the norms of health and environmental education by the beneficiary governments and populations, as well as the guaranteed continuous maintenance of the works or constructed equipment. We anticipate thetraining of municipal technicians in more operational subjects such as the levels of implantation of basic infrastructure, the management of socially and environmentally oriented programmes, and the training of community actors, to name a few. Commission3 - Metropolis 2 Antananarivo’s Workshop Activity Report 4. PROPOSED METHODOLOGY Three working days were proposed to present the case studies of Antananarivo and the Brazilian cities (São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Belo Horizonte). The presentation of the case studies, their practical experiences, and the lessons learned adhered to a dynamic methodology with the participation of all the attendees. The technical visits within Antananarivo were mandatory in order to become acquainted with the physical works already completed and the function and use of the newly created spaces. This workshop was directed at municipal technicians, institutions, and municipal companies related to the management and implementation of comprehensive neighbourhood regeneration projects in informal settlements. 5. PARTICIPANTS Secretariat General METROPOLIS Josep Roig Christine Piquemal Technical Coordination: VerenaAndreatta Techical Coordination: Gabriel Barros ParticipantExperts and Cities : Rahamefy Lalalonira -Antananarivo Helcio Borges - Belo Horizonte Fernando Cavallieri - Rio de Janeiro Elisabete França - São Paulo Commission3 - Metropolis 3 Antananarivo’s Workshop Activity Report EXPERIENCES IN URBAN PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT IN PRECARIOUS NEIGHBOURHOODS: Components, the Gradual Approach and Levels of Implementation. Verena Andreatta 1. The aim of this presentation is to reflect on a series of common elements in recent cases of urban planning and development in informal or precarious settlements, to which I will refer hereafter by the name given to such settlements in Brazil: “favelas”. This article describes three cases. One is from South America: the Favela-Bairro Programme in Rio de Janeiro which I helped to manage for eight years. The other two cases are both in Africa: in Morocco, in the Mediterranean city of Tetouan, where I worked as a direct consultant on the project to improve the Korrat Sbaa neighbourhood; and in Yaoundé, the capital of Cameroon, where I worked as a consultant for the CatalanAssociation of Engineers Without Borders. The subject has currently enormous interest: the most recent figures show that more than one billion people live today in favelas located in large cities all over the world. There probably exist more than two hundred thousand favelas, with their population ranging from a few hundred to nearly one million people.1 The phenomenon seems set to continue growing inexorably, as Sergio Magalhães, former Rio de Janeiro Housing Secretary, made clear in an article for a local newspaper a few years ago: “According to Brazil's 2000 census, ten million new homes are built every year – the equivalent of Portugal's entire housing park – and 75% of these new residences were built in the most absolutely precarious urban and building conditions, thereby creating an illegal city”. Although the first favela in Rio de Janeiro appeared in the Morro de Providencia neighbourhodd in the 1880s, the phenomenon
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 1 According to Available Records, Oliveira Do Bairro Appeared Before
    According to available records, Oliveira do Bairro appeared before the formation of Portugal. There are indications of Celts and pre-Celts in the parish of Mamarrosa. While parishes like Palhaça and Bustos 1 have signs of Roman presence. There is a document dated 922 d.c. (tenth century) which refers to the donation of land to the Monastery of Crestuma and where the land is said to be "Ulveira" (Oliveira). In a document dated 957, some villages of the municipality, such as "Barriolo", "Aqualada" or "Sancta Eolália" are mentioned. However, it was only granted Charter to Oliveira do Bairro (become a town) on April 6, 1514, by King Manuel I. The grantees were the Counts of Miranda do Corvo and Marquises of Arronches and at a later stage, the Dukes of Lafões. In the sixteenth century Oliveira do Bairro had settlements that still exist today, such as Póvoa do Cercal and Póvoa do Repolão. The name "Oliveira" comes from several centuries ago as a tribute to the culture of the olive trees and olive oil production, but "do Bairro” was added much later. It comes from the word "clay" which evolved into "barro" as it comes from the Latin root "barrium". Thus, "the District" eventually becomes determinative of the type of ground on which the olive trees get along. In 1836 the county “Oliveira do Bairro “ is formed and due to its great location, was highly coveted by its neighbours “Águeda “ and “Anadia”, which led to its extinction in 1895 and its annexation by the municipalities mentioned. However, this annexation was short-lived - in 1898 the municipality of Oliveira do Bairro was restored, with the exception of the parish of Bustos which was only attached to Oliveira do Bairro in 1919.
    [Show full text]
  • Rp121 Cover.Pmd
    LTC Research Paper Legal Uncertainty and Land Disputes in the Peri-Urban Areas of Mozambique: Land Markets in Transition by Steve Boucher, Antonio Francisco, Laurel Rose, Michael Roth, and Fernanda Zaqueu University of Wisconsin-Madison 175 Science Hall 550 North Park Street Madison, WI 53706 http://www.ies.wisc.edu/ltc/ Research Paper LTC Research Paper 121, U.S. ISSN 0084-0815 originally published in January 1995 LEGAL UNCERTAINTY AND LAND DISPUTES IN THE PERI-URBAN AREAS OF MOZAMBIQUE: LAND MARKETS IN TRANSITION by Steve Boucher, Antonio Francisco, Laurel Rose, Michael Roth, and Fernanda Zaqueu*' * Steve Boucher is a research assistant, and Michael Roth is an associate research scientist with the Land Tenure Center and the Department of Agricultural Economics, UniversityZaqueu* of Wisconsin-Madison. Antonio Francisco is a professor, and Fernanda is a research assistant with the Department of Economics, Eduardo Mondlane University. Laurel Rose is a consultant for the Land Tenure Center. All views, interpretations, recommendations, and conclusions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the supporting or cooperating organizations. LTC Research Paper 121 Land Tenure Center University of Wisconsin-Madison January 1995 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page List of boxes v List of figures v List of tables v Dispute case index vii Interview index ix Glossary of terms xi Executive summary xv Resumo sumário xxi 1. Introduction 1 2. Overview and research methods 3 2.1 Permanent green zones 3 2.2 Survey design 3 2.3 Sampling frame 4 2.4 Research meth0ds 8 2.5 Caveats 8 2.6 Importance of the study 9 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Santa Maria Dos Olivais: Uma Freguesia Património De Lisboa Francisco Carvalho [email protected] Universidade Lusófona De Humanidades E Tecnologias
    Santa Maria dos Olivais: uma freguesia património de Lisboa Francisco Carvalho [email protected] Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias ABSTRACT St. Mary of Olivais, now also identified by parish of Olivais or just Olivais, back to the end of three hundred and its origin is a decision of the Archbishopric of Lisbon on the creation of the parish of that name. Lands formed by “termo” of Lisbon, has been the subject of transformations of all kinds, especially in the last century. In this article presents a brief description of Olivais to the present, highlighting the main urban interventions recorded in the last century, the contexts in which they occurred and their implications more relevant. KEY WORDS History, urban planning, heritage. Lisbon, parish of Sta Mary of Olivais RESUMO Santa Maria dos Olivais, doravante também identificada por freguesia dos Olivais ou apenas por Olivais, remonta ao final de Trezentos e na sua origem está uma decisão do Arcebispado de Lisboa acerca da criação da paróquia com esse nome. Formada por terras do “termo” de Lisboa, tem sido objecto de transformações de toda a ordem, sobretudo no século passado. No presente artigo, faz-se uma breve descrição dos Olivais até à actualidade, realçando as principais intervenções urbanísticas verificadas na última centúria, os contextos em que as mesmas ocorreram e suas implicações mais relevantes. PALAVRAS-CHAVE História; urbanismo, património, Lisboa, freguesia de Santa Maria dos Olivais. 1 INTRODUÇÃO A história da paróquia dos Olivais remete a Trezentos. Concretamente, reconduz- nos a 6 de Maio de 1397, data em que D. João Anes, Arcebispo de Lisboa, decide criar a paróquia de Santa Maria dos Olivais onde terá sido construída a igreja da Praça, decisão que seria confirmada por bula papal de Bonifácio IX de 1400 (Delgado, 1969; Dias e Dias, 1995, Lemos, 1997).
    [Show full text]
  • Housing Development: Housing Policy, Slums, and Squatter Settlements in Rio De Janeiro, Brazil and Buenos Aires, Argentina, 1948-1973
    ABSTRACT Title of Dissertation: HOUSING DEVELOPMENT: HOUSING POLICY, SLUMS, AND SQUATTER SETTLEMENTS IN RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL AND BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA, 1948-1973 Leandro Daniel Benmergui, Doctor of Philosophy, 2012 Dissertation directed by: Professor Daryle Williams Department of History University of Maryland This dissertation explores the role of low-income housing in the development of two major Latin American societies that underwent demographic explosion, rural-to- urban migration, and growing urban poverty in the postwar era. The central argument treats popular housing as a constitutive element of urban development, interamerican relations, and citizenship, interrogating the historical processes through which the modern Latin American city became a built environment of contrasts. I argue that local and national governments, social scientists, and technical elites of the postwar Americas sought to modernize Latin American societies by deepening the mechanisms for capitalist accumulation and by creating built environments designed to generate modern sociabilities and behaviors. Elite discourse and policy understood the urban home to be owner-occupied and built with a rationalized domestic layout. The modern home for the poor would rely upon a functioning local government capable of guaranteeing a reliable supply of electricity and clean water, as well as sewage and trash removal. Rational transportation planning would allow the city resident access between the home and workplaces, schools, medical centers, and police posts. As interamerican Cold War relations intensified in response to the Cuban Revolution, policymakers, urban scholars, planners, defined in transnational encounters an acute ―housing problem,‖ a term that condensed the myriad aspects involved in urban dwellings for low-income populations.
    [Show full text]
  • Public Party Funding3.Qxd
    The politics of state resources: Party funding in South Africa EDITED BY KHABELE MATLOSA KONRAD-ADENAUER-STIFTUNG • OCCASIONAL PAPERS • JOHANNESBURG • MARCH 2004 © KAS, 2004 All rights reserved While copyright in this publication as a whole is vested in the Konrad-Adenauer- Stiftung, copyright in the text rests with the individual authors, and no paper may be reproduced in whole or part without the express permission, in writing, of both authors and the publisher. It should be noted that any opinions expressed are the responsibility of the individual authors and that the Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung does not necessarily subscribe to the opinions of contributors. Please note that $ refers to US$ unless otherwise indicated. Published by: Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung 60 Hume Road Dunkeld 2196 Johannesburg Republic of South Africa PO Box 1383 Houghton 2041 Johannesburg Republic of South Africa Telephone: (+27 +11) 214-2900 Telefax: (+27 +11) 214-2913/4 E-mail: [email protected] www.kas.org.za Editing, DTP and production: Tyrus Text and Design Cover design: Heather Botha Reproduction: Rapid Repro Printing: Stups Printing Table of contents Introduction 1 Khabele Matlosa An analysis of the utilisation of state/public resources during elections: 11 A comparative survey of experiences in the SADC region Khabele Matlosa and Kennedy Mbaya The legislative framework governing party funding in South Africa 59 Nico Steytler The use of state resources during elections in South Africa 67 Kennedy Mbaya Public funding regulatory mechanisms to prevent the 91 abuse
    [Show full text]
  • São Paulo a Tale of Two Cities
    cities & citizens series bridging the urban divide são paulo a tale of two cities Study cities & citizens series bridging the urban divide são paulo a tale of two cities Image: Roberto Rocco - [email protected] iv cities & citizens series - bridging the urban divide Copyright © United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT), 2010 São Paulo: A Tale of Two Cities All rights reserved UNITED NATIONS HUMAN SETTLEMENTS PROGRAMME P.O. Box 30030, GPO, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya Tel.: +254 (20) 762 3120, Fax: +254 (20) 762 4266/4267/4264/3477/4060 E-mail: [email protected] www.unhabitat.org DISCLAIMER The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries or regarding its economic system or degree of development. The analysis, conclusions and recommendations of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT), the Governing Council of UN-HABITAT or its Member States.Excerpts may be reproduced without authorization, on condition that the source is indicated. HS Number: HS/103/10E ISBN Number:(Volume) 978-92-1-132214-9 ISBN Number(Series): 978-92-1-132029-9 This book was prepared under the overall guidance of the Director of MRD, Oyebanji Oyeyinka and the direct coordination of Eduardo Moreno, Head of City Monitoring Branch. The book primarily uses data prepared by the São Paulo-based, Fundação Sistema Estadual de Análise de Dados (SEADE) in collaboration with UN-HABITAT under the technical coordination of Gora Mboup, Chief of the Global Urban Observatory .
    [Show full text]
  • Bairro Do Padre Cruz, Lisbon, Portugal
    Bairro do Padre Cruz, Lisbon, Portugal 1. Introduction Bairro do Padre Cruz is a neighbourhood located in the northeast side of Lisbon; in the parish of Carnide. It is the biggest low-income residential neighbourhood in Portugal and one of the biggest of the Iberian Peninsula. This neighbourhood has its roots in the late 50’s, when its first construction phase occurred to give a quick response to re-housing needs. The newly constructed neighbourhood had a temporary nature and as such relied on simple construction methods and rustic materials seldom used in vernacular residential architecture. Also, the social housing being provided was expected to be short lived. Nonetheless, that premise did not hold up true and the neighbourhood continued expanding in addition to this initial urbanisation, suffering still three more phases of urbanization. Actual state of the urban edification in Bairro do Location of Bairro do Padre Cruz Padre Cruz in the parish of Carnide, Lisbon The rehabilitation plan of the Bairro do Padre Cruz neighbourhood was coordinated by the Municipality of Lisbon by following a priority action plan to be undertaken due to the state of the area. The plan took into consideration several assumptions, namely the need to eliminate the negative image of re-housing neighbourhoods and revitalize the urban tissue; create reallocation and youth-oriented housing with urban coherence and constructive quality; and, within this line create endogenous living spaces in the neighbourhood. The plan also introduces the valorisation of the blocks’ inner-halls with leisure spaces and the introduction of equipments and commercial spaces. Mobility is an issue taken into account.
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolution of Urban Spatial Structure in Brasília: Focusing on the Role of Urban Development Policies
    sustainability Article The Evolution of Urban Spatial Structure in Brasília: Focusing on the Role of Urban Development Policies Cayo Costa and Sugie Lee * Department of Urban Planning and Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Korea; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +82-2-2220-0417 Received: 16 November 2018; Accepted: 17 January 2019; Published: 21 January 2019 Abstract: Many cities evolve over time, but some are designed from scratch. Brasília is presented as a unique case on urban planning for having been built from figuratively nothing, based on a design concept that was the brainchild of Brazilian urbanist Lucio Costa. The present study aimed to analyze the interrelation between urban planning and spatial structure change over time to understand the role of urban development policies on the spatial organization of Brasília. The study was conducted based on three interrelated aspects: (1) The intentions of the plans, (2) territorial governance, and (3) external conditions. The results showed that the circumstances of territory occupation—characterized by a polycentric development system with dispersed satellite cities economically dependent on Brasília—have been gradually replaced by strategic development policies, mainly influenced by social and political driving forces. Accordingly, this research suggests a reconsideration of the scale of development instrumentations based on a better understanding of the metropolitan area of Brasília as a unique structure by strengthening its interrelations and seeking better coordination of interests and adaptability of governance processes. Keywords: urban development policy; urban form; spatial inequality; spatial structure; Brasília 1. Introduction In the last century, certain countries have planned to transfer or even established new capital cities, following the steps of Washington and Canberra, or developing a town which already exists.
    [Show full text]
  • Mimesis of the State’ Positions Them in a Momentarily Powerful Position in Relation to State Agencies That Are Threatening Them with Forced Resettlement
    MIMESIS OF THE STATE From Natural Disaster to Urban Citizenship on the Outskirts of Maputo, Mozambique Morten Nielsen Abstract: This article explores the generative effects of the flooding that hit Mozambique in 2000. Flood victims from the country’s capital, Maputo, were resettled in Mulwene on the outskirts of the city. Although initially envisaged as a ‘model neighborhood’ based on a set of ‘fixed urban norms’, it soon became apparent that the Mozambican state was incapable of realizing the project. These failures notwithstanding, resi- dents occupying land informally in the neighborhood have parceled out plots and built houses by imitating those norms. Based on a Deleuzian reading of ‘situational analysis’, introduced by the Manchester School, the article argues that the flooding constituted a generative moment that gave rise to new and potentially accessible futures in which hith- erto illegal squatters were reconfigured as legitimate citizens. Keywords: event, Mozambique, parcelamento, potentialities, situational analysis, urban planning, temporal rupture, virtual In her analysis of ‘temporal ruptures’, Ann Game (1997: 117) describes the effects of catastrophes on everyday understandings of time: “The movement of living involves ruptures and disruptions to the future which thus disrupt time as we commonly understand it as consisting of a past-present-future.” Rather than seeing time as a constant linear progression, in moments of temporal rupture we are brought “face to face with contingency.” In other words, temporal ruptures open toward a world of possible futures that co-exist in the brief moments when linear time is dissolved (ibid.). In this article, I explore the effects of a particular temporal rupture with a special emphasis on the potential production of ‘possible futures’, indicating novel temporal trajectories toward hitherto uncharted terrains.
    [Show full text]
  • Urban Issues and Challenges
    Paper 2 Challenges in the human environment Section A: Urban issues and challenges Small Things – Quick Wins! • 1 mark = 1 minute • Check the command word and the marks available • Describe (4 marks) = give 4 points • Explain (4 marks) = give 2 points and explain each (P E E) • 6 mark questions – These will often require you to argue both sides of an issue. Start with a bold statement that answers the question. Then explain (P E E). Then use a good connective (e.g. ‘However…’) to give the opposing view. • 9 mark questions – There will be 2 of these on each exam. Some will have 3 SPAG marks attached. Plan them carefully. • If it’s about a specific place/event make sure your refer to this in your opening sentence (e.g.. Rio de Janeiro, a city on the East coast of Brazil…) • Then think about writing 3 paragraphs 1. Arguments for one side 2. Arguments for the other side 3. A conclusion where you answer the question – make sure you substantiate it with a key piece of evidence that you are basing it on (E.g.. I think the challenges in Rio de Janeiro outweigh the opportunities. A key reason is that 25% of people live in favelas. This is more important than… because…) • Some questions will ask you to look at a figure (a map, graph, photo etc.). Make sure your answer starts with ‘In figure X I can see…’ • SPAG doesn’t just affect the 9 mark questions. They way you communicate information throughout the 4-6 marks questions can determine what level they achieve.
    [Show full text]
  • Lisbon City Guide 2019.Pdf
    Headline Verdana Bold Make the most out of your stay Lisbon City Guide What you should know about Portugal • Portugal is the oldest country in Europe: has had the same defined borders since 1297, making it the oldest nation-state in Europe; • Lisbon is one of the oldest cities in Europe; • Fado and Cante Alentejano are recognized as world’s intangible cultural heritage – UNESCO • Lisbon is home to the oldest bookshop in Europe. (Bertrand 1732); • Portugal is the largest cork exporter in the world; • Portugal hosts one of the oldest universities in Europe (1290 – Universidade de Coimbra); • Portuguese is one of the most spoken languages in the world; • Portuguese shoes are popular all over the world; • Port wine is named after the city of Porto, not Portugal; • The national dish of Portugal is bacalhau (over 365 different recipies in Portugal); • Portugal has some of the most beautiful award-winning beaches in Europe; • And of course, Portuguese people are cheerful and nice. They will most surely love to meet you. Enjoy your stay! © 2019. For information, please contact Deloitte Consultores SA Lisbon City Guide 2 What to do Places to visit © 2019. For information, please contact Deloitte Consultores SA Lisbon City Guide 3 Discovering Lisbon Belém Portugal's caravels sailed off to conquer the great unknown from Belém, and today this leafy riverside precinct is a giant monument to the nation's Age of Discoveries. First stop should be the Mosteiro dos Jerónimos, a Manueline masterpiece whose intricate decoration and peaceful spaces will leave you inspired. A short walk away is the Torre de Belém, the much- photographed symbol of Portugal's maritime glory.
    [Show full text]
  • University of California Santa Cruz the Production Of
    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SANTA CRUZ THE PRODUCTION OF PLACE, URBAN DEVELOPMENT, AND PUBLIC SPACES IN AN EMERGING TOURIST ECONOMY IN NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in ANTHROPOLOGY with an emphasis in LATIN AMERICAN AND LATINO STUDIES by Christian T. Palmer December 2014 The Dissertation of Christian T. Palmer is approved: _____________________________________ Mark Anderson, Chair _____________________________________ Andrew Mathews _____________________________________ Megan Moodie ___________________________ Tyrus Miller Vice Provost and Dean of Graduate Studies Copyright © by Christian T. Palmer 2014 TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures v Abstract vi Acknowledgments viii Chapters 1. Introduction 1 Theorizing tourism, identity, and place 6 Local histories and relationships to place 16 Brazilian regionalism and Northeastern Brazil 18 Brazilian Nationalism and Landscape 22 Cosmopolitan tropicalism, the Brazilian Hawaii 24 Ethnographic process 28 Overview of chapters 31 Interlude: Fishing in Itacaré 36 2. Surfers “discover” Itacaré: performance, place, and 46 identity in the tropics Counter culture, the global sixties, and the development of 50 surfing in Brazil Surfers arrive in Itacaré 56 Surfers' habitus and the embodied performance of place 61 Surfers transform the city 69 Environmentalism and surfing 76 The Brazilian Hawaii 81 3. State sponsored tourism and conservation 93 The paving of BR001 and PRODETUR 97 Terra devolutas as public land and
    [Show full text]