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MAY 2017 VOL 43 NO 2 LEWIS AND CLARK TRAIL HERITAGE FOUNDATION • Black Sands and White Earth • Baleen, Blubber & Train Oil from Sacagawea’s “monstrous fish” • Reviews, News, and more the Rocky Mountain Fur Trade Journal VOLUME 11 - 2017 The Henry & Ashley Fur Company Keelboat Enterprize by Clay J. Landry and Jim Hardee Navigation of the dangerous and unpredictable Missouri River claimed many lives and thousands of dollars in trade goods in the early 1800s, including the HAC’s Enterprize. Two well-known fur trade historians detail the keelboat’s misfortune, Ashley’s resourceful response, and a possible location of the wreck. More than Just a Rock: the Manufacture of Gunflints by Michael P. Schaubs For centuries, trappers and traders relied on dependable gunflints for defense, hunting, and commerce. This article describes the qualities of a superior gunflint and chronicles the evolution of a stone-age craft into an important industry. The Hudson’s Bay Company and the “Youtah” Country, 1825-41 by Dale Topham The vast reach of the Hudson’s Bay Company extended to the Ute Indian territory in the latter years of the Rocky Mountain rendezvous period, as pressure increased from The award-winning, peer-reviewed American trappers crossing the Continental Divide. Journal continues to bring fresh Traps: the Common Denominator perspectives by encouraging by James A. Hanson, PhD. research and debate about the The portable steel trap, an exponential improvement over snares, spears, nets, and earlier steel traps, revolutionized Rocky Mountain fur trade era. trapping in North America. Eminent scholar James A. Hanson tracks the evolution of the technology and its $25 each plus postage deployment by Euro-Americans and Indians. Full Color, perfect bound, 8 x 11 inches ISBN: 978-0-9973143-1-1 Bad Pass Trail: Gateway between the Wind and Yellowstone Rivers To order visit our website at by Mike Bryant www.mmmuseum.com This 30-mile corridor, in use since prehistoric times, connects two important watersheds and provides a or call 307-367-4101 Toll Free 1-877-686-6266 detour around the 1,000-foot-deep Big Horn Canyon. Use of the trail by mountain men is documented from 1805 through the end of the rendezvous era. MUSEUM of the MOUNTAIN MAN Sublette County Historical Society P.O. Box 909 | 700 E. Hennick St. | Pinedale, Wyoming 82941 tel. 307-367-4101 | [email protected] In this Issue: Message from the President ....................................................3 Lewis and Clark Roundup .......................................................6 Feature: Black Sands and White Earth of Lewis and Clark on the “Borders of the Pacific Ocean” ....................................8 By John Jengo Haystack Rock - Cannon Beach, Oregon, p. 8 Feature: Baleen, Blubber & Train Oil from Sacagawea’s “monstrous fish” ................................................24 By John W. Fisher A blue whale washed up in Oregon, p. 24 Review: Deur, Empires of the Turning Tide: A History of Lewis and Clark National Historic Park and the Columbia-Pacific Region. .........31 reviewed by Ted Kaye Maximilian, Travels in North America, 1832-1834: A Concise Edition of the Journals of Prince Maximilian of Wied ...............32 reviewed by Robert Clark Off the Trail: The Louisiana Purchase Historic State Park ...................................... Inside Back Cover By Jerry Wilson Front cover: Haystack Rock at sunset in Cannon Beach, Oregon - photo courtesy of John Jengo. Back cover: Long Beach, Washington, from Bells Tower - photo courtesy of John Jengo. We Proceeded On welcomes submissions of articles, proposals, inquiries, and letters. Writer’s guidelines are available by request and can be found on our website, lewisandclark.org. Submissions may be sent to Robert Clark, WSU Press, P.O. Box 645910, Pullman, WA 99164- 5910, or by email to [email protected]. The Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation, Inc. P.O. Box 3434, Great Falls, MT 59403 406-454-1234 / 1-888-701-3434 May 2017 Membership Information Fax: 406-727-3158 www.lewisandclark.org Volume 43, Number 2 Membership in the Lewis and Clark Trail We Proceeded On is the official publication Heritage Foundation, Inc. is open to the public. UR MISSION Information and applications are available by O : of the Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage As Keepers of the Story~Stewards of Foundation, Inc. Its name derives from writing Membership Coordinator, Lewis and the Trail, the Lewis and Clark Trail a phrase that appears repeatedly in the Clark Trail Heritage Foundation, P. O. Box Heritage Foundation, Inc. provides collective journals of the expedition. © 2017 3434, Great Falls, MT 59403 or on our website, national leadership in maintaining the lewisandclark.org. integrity of the Trail and its story through E. G. Chuinard, M.D., stewardship, scholarship, education, Founder, We Proceeded On We Proceeded On, the quarterly journal of the partnership and cultural inclusiveness. ISSN 02275-6706 Foundation, is mailed to current mem bers in February, May, August, and November. Articles Editor FFICERS appearing in this journal are abstracted and O Robert A. Clark indexed in Historical Abstracts and America: President Washington State University Press Philippa Newfield, San Francisco, CA History and Life. Volunteer Proofreaders Vice-President Jim Sayce, Seaview, WA H. Carl Camp, Jerry Garrett, and Annual Membership Categories: C. O. Patterson Secretary Student: $30 Barbara Kubik, Vancouver, WA Publisher Basic: $49 Treasurer Washington State University Press Basic 3-Year: $133 John Toenyes, Great Falls, MT Pullman, Washington Family: $65 Immediate Past-President Steve Lee, Clarkston, WA Editorial Advisory Board Heritage: $100 Explorer: $150 Wendy Raney, Chair Barbara Kubik DIRECTORS AT LARGE Jefferson: $250 Pullman, WA Vancouver, WA Chuck Crase, Prospect, KY Discovery: $500 Karen Goering, St. Louis, MO Jay H. Buckley Glen Lindeman Lifetime: Ella Mae Howard, Miles City, MT Provo, UT Pullman, WA Jane Knox, Storrs Mansfield, CT Steward: $995 Mark Nelezen, Oshkosh, WI H. Carl Camp J.I. Merritt Captain: $2,500 Louis Ritten, La Grange Park, IL Pennington, NJ President: $5,000 Omaha, NE Clay Smith, Port Townsend, WA Kris Townsend, Spokane, WA Robert C. Carriker Robert Moore, Jr. The Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation, Inc. is a tax-exempt nonprofit Jerry Wilson, Versailles, IN Spokane, WA St. Louis, MO corporation. A portion of your dues may be tax Mark Weekley (ex-officio-NPS), Omaha, NE Carolyn Gilman Gary E. Moulton deductible. Donations are fully deductible. STAFF Washington, DC Lincoln, NE Lindy Hatcher, Executive Director James Holmberg Philippa Newfield Joy Renee Arnold, Office Administrator Louisville, KY San Francisco, CA Shelly Kath, Library Technician Lora Helman, Accountant • Book Reviews • 2017 Annual Meeting Invitation President’s Message BACK ISSUES (1974–current) The views and opinions expressed in articles and features published in We Proceeded On All back issues of our quarterly historical are those of the authors and contributors, and do not necessarily reflect those of the Lewis 2017 Volume 43, No. 1 journal are available. Some of the older and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation, its February officers and board, or staff. Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation issues are copier reproductions. Orders for Clark’s Yellowstone River Canoe Camp a collection of all back issues receive a 30 We Proceeded On is published four times a year in February, May, August, and November percent discount. Order your missing issues by Washington State University Press in to complete your set. Call 1-888-701-3434, Pullman, Washington, for the Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation, P.O. Box mail your request to P.O. Box 3434, 3434, Great Falls, Montana 59403. Current issue: May 2017, volume 43, No. 2, ISSN Great Falls, MT 59403, or order at 02275-6706 [email protected]. Incorporated in 1969 under $10 originals or cds Missouri General Not-For-Profit lus Remembering Peter S. Hockaday P The Townsend Black Snake $4 shipping & handling Corporation act. IRS Exemption Certificate No. 501(c)3, Identification No. 510187715. 2 We Proceeded On E Volume 43, Number 2 A Message from the President Funding was more than adequate We have continued publication of as many of the federal agencies— the our journal, We Proceeded On, and National Park Service (NPS), United past issues are now available on line, States Forest Service (USFS), Bureau thanks to the work of Kris Townsend of Land Management (BLM), Army and Dan Sturdevant. We have reinsti- Corps of Engineers, Bureau of Rec- tuted both an online and print version lamation (BR), and others— played a of our newsletter, The Orderly Report. role in ensuring inclusiveness, suffi- Sue Buchel, Ella Mae Howard, Shelly Phillip Gordon and President Philippa Newfield cient resources, and safety of all par- Kath, and the William P. Sherman ticipants including presenters, reenac- Library and Archives Committee have The Bicentennial Plus Ten ters, and the public. Many members of been organizing the archives, process- More than ten years have passed the LCTHF held leadership positions ing the accession of the the Don Nell since the 2003 to 2006 Bicentennial for their agencies including Dick Ficht- Visual Resource Collection, develop- Commemoration of the Lewis and ler (BLM), Margaret Gorski (USFS), ing an oral history program, and mak- Clark Expedition. This is a good time Mike Loesch and Paige Cruz (Army ing the library’s collections available to assess what we have accomplished Corps of Engineers), Steve Moore- online. since then, where we stand now, and house (BR), and Dick Williams (NPS). Our membership continues to orga- where we need to go to achieve our Jan Donelson, current president of the nize and participate in local, regional, goals. Discovery Expedition of St Charles, and annual meetings of chapters and and Katie Bump, USFS at Lemhi Pass, the LCTHF. Through these pro- LCTHF Members in the were also important participants. grams our members reach out to our Bicentennial friends and partner organizations. The By all accounts, the Bicenten- Since the Bicentennial involvement of the NPS in the 2016 nial was a heady time.
Recommended publications
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    Captain Clark at Tillamook Head, 1806

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    Crow Tipi Village A. Wolf Activity 2 History - The Power of a Story Trails Through the Years By Christy Fleming The Bad Pass Trail, marked by rock cairns, was still not an easy trip. It was a well known weaves its way along the rugged western edge fact by those that drove along the trail, that they of Bighorn Canyon, from the mouth of the Sho- should always carry a tire repair kit with them as shone River to the mouth of Grapevine Creek. they were almost guaranteed at least one fl at tire One may guess from its name that the Bad Pass along the way. trail was not an easy trail. It was better than the alternatives of crossing the mountains or the Today the park road follows closely the original dangers of possibly drowning in the untamed path of the Bad Pass, some times following over waters of the Bighorn River coursing through the the top of it. If this trail could talk it would have canyon. The Crow told stories of evil spirits that years of stories to share. The stories of adventure resided in the canyon, serving as an additional have now turned to stories of wildlife viewing deterrent to river travel. and recreation. As the years go by more stories will be added and others will study them. Who Native people walked and camped along this knows, maybe someday in the future, students trail for 10,000 to 12,000 years while traveling will be studying our impact on the Bad Pass Trail. to the buff alo plains.
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  • ASTORIA PARKS & RECREATION Comprehensive Master Plan 2016

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  • Water Column Primary Production in the Columbia River Estuary

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  • Fort Clatsop, Lewis and Clark's 1805-1806 Winter Establishment "Living History" Demonstrations Feature for Visitors to National Park Facility

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    T HE OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE LEWIS & CLARK T RAIL H ERITAGE FOUNDATION, INC. VOL. 12, NO. 3 AUGUST 1986 Fort Clatsop, Lewis and Clark's 1805-1806 Winter Establishment "Living History" Demonstrations Feature for Visitors to National Park Facility Photograph by Andrew E. Cier, Astoria, Oregon Replica of Fort Clatsop, Near Astoria, Oregon - See Story on Page 3 - President Wang's THE LEWIS AND CLARK TRAIL Message HERITAGE FOUNDATION, INC. Thank you's are due at least four Incorporated 1969 under Missouri General Not-For-Profit Corporation Act IRS Exemption different groups of Foundation Certificate No. 501(C)(3) - I dentification No. 51-0187715 members for the efforts put forth by them these past twelve months. OFFICERS - EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE First, I am most thankful for the President 1st Vice President 2nd Vice President excellent support that has been L. Edw in Wang John E. Foote H. John Montague provided by Foundation officers, 6013 St . Johns Ave. 1205 Rimhaven Way 2864 Sudbury Ct. directors, past presidents, and all M inneapolis. MN 55424 Billings. MT 591 02 Marietta. GA'30062 other committee members. Second, I am much indebted to the 1986 Edrie Lee Vinson. Secretary John E. Walker. Treasurer P.O. Box 1651 200 Market St .. Suite 1177 Program Committee, headed by Red Lodge. MT 59068 Portland. OR 97201 Malcolm Buffum, for the tre­ mendous effort they have put forth Ruth E. Lange, Membership Secretary. 5054 S.W. 26th Place. Port land. OR 97201 to arrange one of the finest-ever annual meeting programs. Third, I DIRECTORS am so grateful for all that is ac­ Harold Billian Winifred C.
  • Trails and Aboriginal Land Use in the Northern Bighorn Mountains, Wyoming

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  • Gearhart to Fort Stevens, Prelim

    Gearhart to Fort Stevens, Prelim

    NOTICE The Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries is publishing this paper because the information furthers the mission of the Department. To facilitate timely distribution of the information, this report is published as received from the authors and has not been edited to our usual standards. STATE OF OREGON DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY AND MINERAL INDUSTRIES Suite 965, 800 NE Oregon St., #28 Portland, Oregon 97232 OPEN-FILE REPORT O-01-04 COASTAL EROSION HAZARD ZONES ALONG THE CLATSOP PLAINS, OREGON: GEARHART TO FORT STEVENS PRELIMINARY TECHNICAL REPORT TO CLATSOP COUNTY 2001 By JONATHAN C. ALLAN AND GEORGE R. PRIEST Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries, Coastal Field Office, 313 SW 2nd St, Suite D, Newport, OR 97365 NOTICE The results and conclusions of this report are necessarily based on limited geologic and geophysical data. At any given site in any map area, site-specific data could give results that differ from those shown in this report. This report cannot replace site-specific investigations. The hazards of an individual site should be assessed through geotechnical or engineering geology investigation by qualified practitioners. Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................... iii INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 1 BEACH PROCESSES AND FEATURES......................................................................... 2 Beach Erosion –
  • Cannon Beach Cannon by Arthur M

    Cannon Beach Cannon by Arthur M

    Cannon Beach Cannon By Arthur M. Prentiss This photograph, taken by Arthur M. Prentiss, depicts the cannon that gave Cannon Beach its name. The cannon’s history includes a period as a U.S. Navy weapon, a buried shipwreck “treasure,” and a roadside attraction. The cannon is now preserved in Astoria’s heritage museum. Cannon Beach’s cannon originated on the Shark, a U.S. Navy schooner built on the east coast in 1821. The vessel reached the Oregon coast in August 1846, only months after the United States and Great Britain signed the Treaty of Oregon establishing the border at the forty-ninth parallel. Despite rumors among the settlers that the U.S. sent the Shark in case conflict arose with Great Britain over the boundary question, the schooner’s mission was to survey the harbor at the mouth of the Columbia River. Upon the completion of the survey, the Shark struck the Clatsop Spit as it attempted to depart from the Columbia. One large section of the wreckage split from the vessel, drifted across the bar, and washed ashore just south of Tillamook Head. A U.S. midshipman and several Indians freed one cannon from the wreckage and dragged it from the shoreline to a creek bed for safekeeping. Over time the cannon was lost from view, perhaps the result of a shifting creek bed or blowing sands. Forty-five years later, former Seaside postmaster James Austin homesteaded and built a hostel south of Tillamook Head. The entrepreneur’s choice of location for the Austin House was a strategic business move—situated halfway along the Tillamook-Astoria mail route, the hostel served weary mail carriers and tourists alike.
  • Irmary Marin8 Science Laboratory Oregon State University

    Irmary Marin8 Science Laboratory Oregon State University

    IrMARY Marin8 Science Laboratory Oregon State University Vol. 34, No. 11 November 1972 S • STATE OF OREGON DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY AND MINERAL INDUSTRIES The Ore Bin Published Monthly By • STATE OF OREGON DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY AND MINERAL INDUSTRIES • Head Office: 1069 State Office Bldg., Portland, Oregon - 97201 Telephone: 229 - 5580 FIELD OFFICES 2033 First Street 521 N. E. "E" Street Baker 97814 Grants Pass 97526 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Subscription rate - $2.00 per calendar year Available back issues $.25 each Second class postage paid at Portland, Oregon 'k • GOVERNING BOARD • R. W. deWeese, Portland, Chairman William E. Miller, Bend Donald G. McGregor, Grants Pass STATE GEOLOGIST R. E. Corcoran GEOLOGISTS IN CHARGE OF FIELD OFFICES Norman S. Wagner, Baker Len Ramp, Grants Pass 5Z 5Z 'St` 5Z k 5Z 5Z 5Z 5Z 5Z 'SZ 'SZk 5Z 5Z 5Z 5Z 5Z 5Z 5Z 5Z Permission is granted to reprint information contained herein. • Credit given the State of Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries for compiling this information will be appreciated. • State of Oregon The ORE BIN Department of Geology Volume 34,no.11 and Mineral Industries 1069 State Office Bldg. November 1972 • Portland Oregon 97201 COASTAL LANDFORMS BETWEEN TILLAMOOK BAY AND THE COLUMBIA RIVER, OREGON Ernest H. Lund Department of Geology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon The 50-mile stretch of the Oregon coast between Tillamook Bay and the Columbia River can be divided into three nearly equal segments according to the kinds of land- forms along them. The southern segment extends from Tillamook Bay to Neahkahnie Mountain (map 1), the middle from Neahkahnie Mountain to Tillamook Head inclu- sive (map 2), and the northern from Tillamook Head to the Columbia River (map 3).