Park Hill Golf Course Community Survey Table of Contents
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Memetics of Deception: Spreading Local Meme Hoaxes During COVID-19 1St Year
future internet Article Memetics of Deception: Spreading Local Meme Hoaxes during COVID-19 1st Year Raúl Rodríguez-Ferrándiz 1,* , Cande Sánchez-Olmos 1,* , Tatiana Hidalgo-Marí 1 and Estela Saquete-Boro 2 1 Department of Communication and Social Psychology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; [email protected] 2 Department of Software and Computing Systems, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (R.R.-F.); [email protected] (C.S.-O.) Abstract: The central thesis of this paper is that memetic practices can be crucial to understanding deception at present when hoaxes have increased globally due to COVID-19. Therefore, we employ existing memetic theory to describe the qualities and characteristics of meme hoaxes in terms of the way they are replicated by altering some aspects of the original, and then shared on social media platforms in order to connect global and local issues. Criteria for selecting the sample were hoaxes retrieved from and related to the local territory in the province of Alicante (Spain) during the first year of the pandemic (n = 35). Once typology, hoax topics and their memetic qualities were identified, we analysed their characteristics according to form in terms of Shifman (2014) and, secondly, their content and stance concordances both within and outside our sample (Spain and abroad). The results show, firstly, that hoaxes are mainly disinformation and they are related to the pandemic. Secondly, despite the notion that local hoaxes are linked to local circumstances that are difficult to extrapolate, our conclusions demonstrate their extraordinary memetic and “glocal” capacity: they rapidly adapt Citation: Rodríguez-Ferrándiz, R.; other hoaxes from other places to local areas, very often supplanting reliable sources, and thereby Sánchez-Olmos, C.; Hidalgo-Marí, T.; demonstrating consistency and opportunism. -
From Science Parks to Innovation Districts
From Science Parks to Innovation Districts Research Facility Development in Legacy Cities on the Northeast Corridor Working Paper 2015/008 August 2015 Eugenie L. Birch Lawrence C. Nussdorf Professor of Urban Research Department of City and Regional Planning School of Design Co-Director, Penn Institute for Urban Research University of Pennsylvania Contact Information: [email protected] Understanding our cities…. Understanding our world From Science Parks to Innovation Districts 2 Introduction Research and development (R&D) drives advanced economies worldwide. It is this that provides the foundation for the new knowledge, products, and processes that, in turn, become new industries, create jobs and serve as the source of economic growth. Key areas for R&D are in what is called the knowledge and technology industries (KTI) that consist of high technology manufacturing (e.g. aircraft, spacecraft, pharmaceuticals) and knowledge-intensive services (commercial business, financial and communication services). KTI, which account f or 27% of the worldwide Gross Domestic Product (GDP), are extremely important to the United States, in particular, representing 40% of the U.S. GDP. In fact, the U.S is the world’s largest KTI producer – contributing 27% of the total HT manufacturing and 32% of the KI services.1 In order to grow and maintain these positions, the United States, like its peers in Europe and Asia who are also large contributors, has built an extensive R&D infrastructure composed of three strong players: the private sector, the public sector and universities. In terms of expenditures and numbers of employees, the private sector dominates the R&D enterprise, but the university sector, largely funded by the US government, is also an important component both directly and indirectly. -
Borough Hall Skyscraper Historic District Designation Report
Cover Photograph: Court Street looking south along Skyscraper Row towards Brooklyn City Hall, now Brooklyn Borough Hall (1845-48, Gamaliel King) and the Brooklyn Municipal Building (1923-26, McKenzie, Voorhees & Gmelin). Christopher D. Brazee, 2011 Borough Hall Skyscraper Historic District Designation Report Prepared by Christopher D. Brazee Edited by Mary Beth Betts, Director of Research Photographs by Christopher D. Brazee Map by Jennifer L. Most Technical Assistance by Lauren Miller Commissioners Robert B. Tierney, Chair Pablo E. Vengoechea, Vice-Chair Frederick Bland Christopher Moore Diana Chapin Margery Perlmutter Michael Devonshire Elizabeth Ryan Joan Gerner Roberta Washington Michael Goldblum Kate Daly, Executive Director Mark Silberman, Counsel Sarah Carroll, Director of Preservation TABLE OF CONTENTS BOROUGH HALL SKYSCRAPER HISTORIC DISTRICT MAP ................... FACING PAGE 1 TESTIMONY AT THE PUBLIC HEARING ................................................................................ 1 BOROUGH HALL SKYSCRAPER HISTORIC DISTRICT BOUNDARIES ............................. 1 SUMMARY .................................................................................................................................... 3 THE HISTORICAL AND ARCHITECTURAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE BOROUGH HALL SKYSCRAPER HISTORIC DISTRICT ........................................................................................ 5 Early History and Development of Brooklyn‟s Civic Center ................................................... 5 Mid 19th Century Development -
Information Warfare, International Law, and the Changing Battlefield
ARTICLE INFORMATION WARFARE, INTERNATIONAL LAW, AND THE CHANGING BATTLEFIELD Dr. Waseem Ahmad Qureshi* ABSTRACT The advancement of technology in the contemporary era has facilitated the emergence of information warfare, which includes the deployment of information as a weapon against an adversary. This is done using a numBer of tactics such as the use of media and social media to spread propaganda and disinformation against an adversary as well as the adoption of software hacking techniques to spread viruses and malware into the strategically important computer systems of an adversary either to steal confidential data or to damage the adversary’s security system. Due to the intangible nature of the damage caused By the information warfare operations, it Becomes challenging for international law to regulate the information warfare operations. The unregulated nature of information operations allows information warfare to Be used effectively By states and nonstate actors to gain advantage over their adversaries. Information warfare also enhances the lethality of hyBrid warfare. Therefore, it is the need of the hour to arrange a new convention or devise a new set of rules to regulate the sphere of information warfare to avert the potential damage that it can cause to international peace and security. ABSTRACT ................................................................................................. 901 I. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................... 903 II. WHAT IS INFORMATION WARFARE? ............................. -
Bankrupt Golf Courses: an Historical Analysis And
BANKRUPT GOLF COURSES: AN HISTORICAL ANALYSIS AND STRATEGIES FOR REPURPOSING by BLAKE JEFFREY CONANT (Under the Direction of Ron Sawhill) ABSTRACT More than 800 golf courses have closed since 2003 and approximately 1,000 to 2,500 are projected to close in the next decade. Many of these courses are repurposed as high-end mixed-use development, high-density residential, or big-box development. The sustainable benefits the golf course once provided either diminish or leave completely. As our countryʼs 21st Century needs shift towards food, water, and energy security, bankrupt golf courses can offer repurposing opportunities to plan for those needs. The goal of golf course repurposing should be to provide similar or greater sustainable benefits as the golf course once did. Understanding how that land can be sustainably repurposed is vital for local communities, environments, and economies to thrive in the 21st Century. This thesis will offer suggestions, strategies, and solutions for repurposing bankrupt golf courses that have yet to be implemented in the United States. INDEX WORDS: Golf, Golf Architecture, Golf Course, Golf Course Development, Land Use, Sustainability BANKRUPT GOLF COURSES: AN HISTORICAL ANALYSIS AND STRATEGIES FOR REPURPOSING by BLAKE JEFFREY CONANT Bachelor of Fine Arts, The University of Montana, 2009 A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of The University of Georgia in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree MASTER OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE ATHENS, GEORGIA 2013 © 2013 Blake Conant All Rights Reserved BANKRUPT GOLF COURSES: AN HISTORICAL ANALYSIS AND STRATEGIES FOR REPURPOSING by BLAKE JEFFREY CONANT Major Professor: Ron Sawhill Committee: Katherine Melcher Gary Green Tom Doak Electronic Version Approved: Maureen Grasso Dean of the Graduate School The University of Georgia May 2013 DEDICATION For my mother, Margaret, who always gives me encouragement, support, and love. -
Lies, Bullshit and Fake News: Some Epistemological Concerns
Postdigital Science and Education https://doi.org/10.1007/s42438-018-0025-4 COMMENTARIES Open Access Lies, Bullshit and Fake News: Some Epistemological Concerns Alison MacKenzie1 & Ibrar Bhatt1 # The Author(s) 2018 What is the difference between a lie, bullshit, and a fake news story? And is it defensible to lie, bullshit, or spread fake stories? The answers are, unsurprisingly, complex, often defy simple affirmative or negative answers, and are often context dependent. For present purposes, however, a lie is a statement that the liar knows or believes to be false, stated with the express intention of deceiving or misleading the receiver for some advantageous gain on the part of the liar. On the standard definition of a lie, the liar’s chief accomplishment is deception—and it can be artful: When we undertake to deceive others intentionally, we communicate messages meant to mislead them, meant to make them believe what we ourselves do not believe. We can do so through gesture, through disguise, by means of action or inaction, even through silence. (Bok 1999[1978]: 13) The standard definition has, in the Western philosophical tradition, antecedents stretching all the way back to St Augustine. However, the classic definition may be too restrictive as not all lies are stated with the intention to deceive. Any number of statements can mislead through misapprehension, incomprehension, poor understand- ing of, or partial access to the facts. To mislead, further, is not the same as lying, or as serious, and we can rely less on a liar than we can on a person who misleads. -
1 Introduction 1.1 Purpose and Scope 1.2 Description of Tahoe Donner Association
Administrative Draft Tahoe Donner Association Master Plan 1 Introduction The stated mission of the Tahoe Donner Association (the Association or TDA) establishes “…a vibrant mountain community providing attractive and well‐maintained facilities, events & other programs to its members, guests and the public while maintaining and improving accessible natural lands in and around the housing development and associated facilities.” Tahoe Donner is a year‐round community with a passion for outdoor recreation and is one of California’s largest homeowner’s associations. Since the early 1970s, the Association has developed extensive recreation centers and opportunities to support their mission. In recent years the community has been engaged in a series of forward looking planning efforts. These planning efforts were considered as the current document was developed and benefitted from this previous work. Such efforts include: 2013 Tahoe Donner Trails Master Plan 2015 Tahoe Donner Trails 5‐Year Implementation Plan Tahoe Donner Strategic Plan (2010) 2030 General Plan (2011) Town of Truckee Trails & Bikeways Master Plan (2007) 1.1 Purpose and Scope One of the stated purposes of TDA’s2030 General Plan is “Continuously maintaining and upgrading amenities to benefit the membership and capture public use and revenue, while still giving members priority and preference, is highly desirable.” The purpose of this document is to help the Association look forward by developing a clear investment vision for capital projects and associated upgrades and service expansions over the next 10 – 20 years. It is designed to prepare a framework for TDA to respond and improve efficiently with future demographic changes. This assessment includes input gathered from board, committees, members, and staff. -
Many People Are Saying…”: Applying the Lessons of Naïve Skepticism to the Fight Against Fake News and Other “Total Bullshit”1
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by PhilPapers “Many people are saying…”: Applying the lessons of naïve skepticism to the fight against fake news and other “total bullshit”1 Jake Wright, Ph.D. [email protected] Abstract: ‘Fake news’ has become an increasingly common refrain in public discourse. The term itself has several uses, at least one of which constitutes Frankfurtian bullshit. After examining what sorts of fake news appeals do and do not count as bullshit, I discuss strategies for overcoming our openness to such bullshit. I do so by drawing a parallel between openness to bullshit and naïve skepticism—one’s willingness to reject the concept of truth on unsupported or ill- considered grounds—and suggest that this parallel indicates three principles for how we ought to combat our openness to fake news and other bullshit. First, the root causes of bullshit openness are not monolithic; we should adopt anti-bullshit strategies in recognition of this fact. Second, our efforts to overcome bullshit openness should be collaborative efforts to create an environment that allows for sustained interrogation of our bullshit openness, rather than a confrontational provision of contrary evidence, despite the fact that such strategies are more time- intensive. Third, social media is unlikely to be a fertile ground on which we will make meaningful progress in the fight against bullshit because of the inherent nature of social media platforms as spaces for short, declarative, confrontational claims. Keywords: fake news, bullshit, naïve skepticism, social media, epistemology of ignorance 1. -
Mass Media and the Transformation of American Politics Kristine A
Marquette Law Review Volume 77 | Issue 2 Article 7 Mass Media and the Transformation of American Politics Kristine A. Oswald Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.law.marquette.edu/mulr Part of the Law Commons Repository Citation Kristine A. Oswald, Mass Media and the Transformation of American Politics, 77 Marq. L. Rev. 385 (2009). Available at: http://scholarship.law.marquette.edu/mulr/vol77/iss2/7 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at Marquette Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Marquette Law Review by an authorized administrator of Marquette Law Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. MASS MEDIA AND THE TRANSFORMATION OF AMERICAN POLITICS I. INTRODUCTION The importance of the mass media1 in today's society cannot be over- estimated. Especially in the arena of policy-making, the media's influ- ence has helped shape the development of American government. To more fully understand the political decision-making process in this coun- try it is necessary to understand the media's role in the performance of political officials and institutions. The significance of the media's influ- ence was expressed by Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn: "The Press has become the greatest power within Western countries, more powerful than the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary. One would then like to ask: '2 By what law has it been elected and to whom is it responsible?" The importance of the media's power and influence can only be fully appreciated through a complete understanding of who or what the media are. -
V. 2.1 Gaslighting Citizens Eric Beerbohm and Ryan Davis1
v. 2.1 Gaslighting Citizens Eric Beerbohm and Ryan Davis1 [L]eaders...have argued that if their followers or subjects are not strong enough to stick to the resolution themselves, they—the leaders—ought to help them avoid contact with the misleading evidence. For this reason, they have urged or compelled people not to read certain books, writings, and the like. But many people need no compulsion. They avoid reading things, and so on. — Saul Kripke, “On Two Paradoxes of Knowledge” Politics invariably involves disagreement—some of it, unreasonable. If deep enough and fundamental enough, disagreement might be taken as a sign not only that one of the opposing disputants must be incorrect, but that someone may be somehow failing to respond to the available evidence in a minimally rational way. So begins a much sharper allegation: that one’s opponent is not just mistaken, but crazy. In a partisan world, the rhetorical force of this accusation is easily weaponized. If one’s opponents lack basic epistemic capacities, one does them no wrong by ignoring them, and encouraging others to ignore them as well. “Gaslighting”—or attempting to cause people to doubt their own attitudes or capacities—has quickly gained popularity as an explicitly political charge.2 Antagonists on the right and left both mutually accuse each other of gaslighting. They define the term similarly, so the disagreement looks substantive.3 But the opposing outlooks may share little besides the concept. This essay aims to understand gaslighting as a political phenomenon. It proceeds in six parts. First, we will sketch the concept of gaslighting as it has been developed in the philosophical literature. -
50The 50 Largest U.S. Seniors Housing Real Estate Owners and Operators
2020 ASHA The 50 largest U.S. 50seniors housing real estate owners and operators The Hacienda at the River in Tucson, Arizona, operated by Watermark Retirement Communities. Special supplement to n Seniors Housing Business n Heartland Real Estate Business n Northeast Real Estate Business An exclusive n Southeast Real Estate Business report from the n Texas Real Estate Business American Seniors n Western Real Estate Business Housing Association Excellence. Sustained. Strong relationships with true industry leaders are more vital than ever in these unprecedented times. For more than 20 years, Ventas has been a proud partner and investor supporting best-in-class senior living operators and providers. We continue to be inspired by their tireless work in helping to keep seniors safe and well. As one of the world’s premier capital providers, Ventas remains deeply committed to the success of our shareholders and business partners, and to the individuals and families they serve. ventasreit.com SENIOR HOUSING | MEDICAL OFFICE BUILDINGS | RESEARCH & INNOVATION HEALTH SYSTEMS | POST ACUTE CARE TRUSTED SENIORS HOUSING ADVISORS FOR ALL YOUR Excellence. INVESTMENT NEEDS Sustained. Our nationally-recognized platform has expertise Strong relationships with true industry leaders are more vital in projects of all sizes and scopes than ever in these unprecedented times. For more than 20 years, Ventas has been a proud partner and investor supporting best-in-class senior living operators and providers. We continue to be inspired by their tireless work in helping to keep seniors safe and well. As one of the world’s premier capital providers, Ventas remains deeply committed to the success of our shareholders and business partners, and to the individuals and families they serve. -
Industrial/Research/Hi-Tech Parks in Southeast Michigan Are Economic Activity Hot Spots
Industrial/Research/Hi-Tech Parks in Southeast Michigan are Economic Activity Hot Spots Industrial/research/hi-tech parks in Southeast Michigan are Oakland County has the largest number of parks, with 135 (on home to a variety of businesses, from manufacturing to distri- 7,687 acres), while Wayne County has the most acres of land bution to automotive suppliers to corporate headquarters. They in parks, 8,618 (in 125 parks). St. Clair County is third in the are economic generators in their own right — providing jobs, number of acres in parks, with 6,462 acres, but with just 16 revenue, and a solid tax base for the community. Industrial/ parks. Macomb County has 89 parks with 4,548 acres. research/hi-tech parks parks can also be a very attractive op- tion for companies looking for land, because the infrastructure The community with the most number of parks is Livonia with is already provided, saving time and money. 27, followed by Farmington Hills and Troy, each with 17. Greenwood Township has the largest acreage in parks at 3,600, The Southeast Michigan region has 438 industrial/research/hi- Auburn Hills is second with 1,967 acres, and Port Huron Town- tech parks covering more than 34,000 acres of land. The majority ship is third with 1,490 acres. The largest industrial/research/ of parks were built within a few miles of a major highway, al- hi-tech park in the region is the Greenwood Energy Center lowing faster product distribution and easy access for customers Industrial Park in Greenwood Township at 3,600 acres, and workers.