Ingredient Directory

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Ingredient Directory Bio-derived and sustainable Ebook 2019 The Definitive Peer-Reviewed Cosmetic Science Resource Sustainability and the Growth of Naturals Ingredient Rooted Directory in Nature • Sustainable • Bio-based • Natural/organic Bio-derived • COSMOS/Ecocert and Sustainable • Botanicals Formulas Beginner’s Guide to Natural/Organic Free Ebook Sponsored By: Market Intelligence | C&T ® KEY POINTS • Brands seeking opportunities for growth can leverage the rising consumer sensibility toward sustainability. • This free resource was developed to inspire you to find your own angle on sustainable and bio-derived products. How Bio-derived Became Sustainable think it is clear that the drive for sustainability stemmed from an interest in self- Rachel L. Grabenhofer preservation amid the fast consumption of bio-derived, natural resources—and Cosmetics & Toiletries the realization that these are limited. For years, the cosmetics industry has catered to consumers hungry for natural innovations. Somewhere along the lines, it became evident that new approaches were necessary to ensure a steady supply chain. Different agricul- tural practices and biotechnologies, such as stem cell cultures, emerged, and this has extendedI into holistic and authentic considerations for the people along the supply chain (fair trade/traceability), places (biodiversity) and greater good (eco-friendly); which, as it turns out, are favored even more by consumers. Reproduction in English or any other language of all or part of this article is strictly prohibited. © 2019 Allured Business Media. 2 | www.CosmeticsandToiletries.com www.acme-hardesty.com 2019 Bio-derived and Sustainable E-book Sustainability Sells claims when making their purchasing decisions, with an eye toward sustainability, among other According to a report1 from Global Cosmet- factors,” stated the report. “Brands looking for ics Industry, between 2017 to 2018, Nielsen new opportunities for growth in this space can compared the performance of sustaina bility leverage the rising consumer sensibility toward claims across three categories: chocolate, cof- sustaina bility to attract new consumers and ulti- fee and bath products, with the goal of under- mately increase sales.” standing how consumers feel about various sustaina bility factors. Moving Within all three categories, the dollar sales of items with specific claims related to sustain- Sustainability Forward ability grew at least twice as fast as the aver- While there’s always room for improve- aged growth of the three categories combined. ment, another study2 published in the Journal of Also during that time, the overall bath products Cleaner Production gave the cosmetics industry category sales grew 1%, while sustainable bath credit for moving sustaina bility forward. Accord- product sales grew 14%. Nielsen attributed this ing researchers Marto, et al., from the University rise to environmental claims and the presence of Lisbon, Portugal, sustaina bility in the cosmet- of minerals, organic ingredients and essential ics industry has received growing interest not oils in the products; the essential oil-containing only from consumers, but also industry, academ- products notably growing 18 times faster than ics and other organiza tions. the general category. The drivers identified for sustainability in “Overall, we can conclude that bath prod- cosmetics include intensifying concerns over uct shoppers are paying attention to product cosmetics safety; impact on the environment, 2019 Bio-derived and Sustainable E-book www.acme-hardesty.com Cosmetics & Toiletries® | 3 How Bio-derived Became Sustainable i.e., deforestation; and fair trade/social effects. As more important to business, as it is fundamen- such, the industry has made efforts to formulate tal to define indicators and use specific tools with more sustainable ingredient alternatives—al- to measure, monitor and evaluate sustainable though the authors note that lacking performance, standards. The entire cosmetics supply chain instabilities and aesthetic challenges have been can have an impact on sustaina bility, so it is limiting factors. Still, product developers continue important to consider and not neglect all steps to iterate next-generation solutions to make a in the lifecycle of a product—from the initial sustainable future a reality. design and sourcing of raw materials, through Marto’s review2 gives an overview of the larger manufact uring, packaging, distribution, con- relationship between sustaina bility and the cos- sumer use, and the disposal or post-consumer metics industry, including where the challenges use phase. lie, but also the reason(s) for progress in sustain- In relation, many ingredient suppliers and ability: for one, the fact that we’re talking about it. manufacturers have devised apps and other systems to trace ingredient sourcing to ensure it Sustainability Survey is carried out sustainably. And, from a packag- For the review, the authors examined a body ing perspective, consider how many types of of literature on the design and formulation of recyclable and biodegradable packaging have cosmetics to consider the impact of the different hit commercial shelves. phases of a cosmetic’s product development cycle Sustainable ingredients: Another heavily on its sustaina bility. Also considered were formu- focused area, as demonstrated at any cosmetics lating challenges and the structure and function of tradeshow today, or all over Cosmetics & Toilet- raw materials in relation to their sustaina bility. ries news, is, of course, sustainable ingredients. Various means of data collection and analysis What does this mean? Interpre tations vary, were outlined and included reviews of: journal ar- which is why the authors note that his term ticles, reports, books and book sections, websites, has no single, universal definition but typically theses and patents. Notably, Cosmetics & Toiletries refers to a product with environm entally prefer- came out on top as the resource having published able attributes. It also is typically designated the most on sustaina bility in cosmetics. for ingredients designed with ethical, social and economic responsi bility in mind. Multiple Dimensions “While it is not possible to officially label a The analysis revealed cosmetics sustaina bility cosmetic product as ‘sustain able,’ there are fair is, of course, a complex and multifaceted issue trade labels, eco-labels and sustainability and that cannot be evaluated based on a single aspect corporate social responsi bility (CSR) indexes but instead using an integrated assessment about that, in this context, tend to draw nearer to the the environm ental, social and economical dimen- classifi cation of what a sustainable cosmetic is,” sions. Some notable moves by the industry were writes Marto. identified; following are select examples. Sustainable transport: One last factor Sustaina bility assessment: For the cosmet- worth mentioning that is of rising interest to ics industry, sustainability metrics are becoming the cosmetics industry is the sustainable trans- 4 | www.CosmeticsandToiletries.com www.acme-hardesty.com 2019 Bio-derived and Sustainable E-book port of ingredients, materials, packaging and final products. Waterless formulations and concentrates provide prime examples; not only do they save on cost, but they reduce carbon emissions and lower a company’s footprint. The review article continued for some 20 pages, with discussions on specific core ingredient categories including emollients, exfoliators, surfactants and polymers, as well as solvents, colorants, fragrances, UV filters, preserva tives, pH adjusters, chelating agents and antioxidants. Check out the Journal of Cleaner Production for more information; in Rachel L. Grabenhofer the meantime, know that our industry is driving progress to C&T Managing Editor make a difference. Bio-derived and Sustainable Ebook 2019 BIO-DERIVED AND SUSTAINABLE E-BOOK Growing interest from consumers in sustainably sourced, bio-derived natural products led us to the ebook CONTENTS you see before you. Sponsored by Acme-Hardesty, the free Bio-derived and Sustainable Ebook is a collection of articles, 2 How Bio-derived ingredients and formulas to help you gain a footing in this Became Sustainable R. Grabenhofer growing market space. As stated, sustainability in cosmetics is a multi-dimen- sional issue, so here we provide articles on a broad range of 8 Sustainability and the topics relevant to formulating in this space. These include: Growth of Naturals A. Mitarotonda, Ph.D. the rising interest in natural products, and how this has shifted toward those that are organic and sustainable; a beginner’s guide to formulating natural and organic prod- 13 Protecting Cosmetic Formulations ucts; and a look at natural and sustainable formulating for with Citrus Power Acme Hardesty in partnership with hair care. Sharon Laboratories In addition, the ingredient directory features products drawn from our free Cosmetics & Toiletries Bench Reference Preserving the Impossible: Challenging (CBR) that are denoted as natural, bio-based, bio-derived, 15 Natural-based Formulations sustainable, eco-friendly, fair trade, COSMOS/Ecocert, Acme Hardesty in partnership with botanical, vegan and/or of plant/botanical, mineral and Sharon Laboratories fermented origin. Finally, bio-derived and sustainable formula prototypes 17 Quatin–A Novel Bio-based Conditioning are provided by Acme-Hardesty. These range from an Anhy- Polymer drous Liquid Soap and Moldable Cleansing Shower Dough, Acme Hardesty in partnership
Recommended publications
  • The Woods of Liberia
    THE WOODS OF LIBERIA October 1959 No. 2159 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOREST PRODUCTS LABORATORY FOREST SERVICE MADISON 5, WISCONSIN In Cooperation with the University of Wisconsin THE WOODS OF LIBERIA1 By JEANNETTE M. KRYN, Botanist and E. W. FOBES, Forester Forest Products Laboratory,2 Forest Service U. S. Department of Agriculture - - - - Introduction The forests of Liberia represent a valuable resource to that country-- especially so because they are renewable. Under good management, these forests will continue to supply mankind with products long after mined resources are exhausted. The vast treeless areas elsewhere in Africa give added emphasis to the economic significance of the forests of Liberia and its neighboring countries in West Africa. The mature forests of Liberia are composed entirely of broadleaf or hardwood tree species. These forests probably covered more than 90 percent of the country in the past, but only about one-third is now covered with them. Another one-third is covered with young forests or reproduction referred to as low bush. The mature, or "high," forests are typical of tropical evergreen or rain forests where rainfall exceeds 60 inches per year without pro­ longed dry periods. Certain species of trees in these forests, such as the cotton tree, are deciduous even when growing in the coastal area of heaviest rainfall, which averages about 190 inches per year. Deciduous species become more prevalent as the rainfall decreases in the interior, where the driest areas average about 70 inches per year. 1The information here reported was prepared in cooperation with the International Cooperation Administration. 2 Maintained at Madison, Wis., in cooperation with the University of Wisconsin.
    [Show full text]
  • Museum of Economic Botany, Kew. Specimens Distributed 1901 - 1990
    Museum of Economic Botany, Kew. Specimens distributed 1901 - 1990 Page 1 - https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/57407494 15 July 1901 Dr T Johnson FLS, Science and Art Museum, Dublin Two cases containing the following:- Ackd 20.7.01 1. Wood of Chloroxylon swietenia, Godaveri (2 pieces) Paris Exibition 1900 2. Wood of Chloroxylon swietenia, Godaveri (2 pieces) Paris Exibition 1900 3. Wood of Melia indica, Anantapur, Paris Exhibition 1900 4. Wood of Anogeissus acuminata, Ganjam, Paris Exhibition 1900 5. Wood of Xylia dolabriformis, Godaveri, Paris Exhibition 1900 6. Wood of Pterocarpus Marsupium, Kistna, Paris Exhibition 1900 7. Wood of Lagerstremia parviflora, Godaveri, Paris Exhibition 1900 8. Wood of Anogeissus latifolia , Godaveri, Paris Exhibition 1900 9. Wood of Gyrocarpus jacquini, Kistna, Paris Exhibition 1900 10. Wood of Acrocarpus fraxinifolium, Nilgiris, Paris Exhibition 1900 11. Wood of Ulmus integrifolia, Nilgiris, Paris Exhibition 1900 12. Wood of Phyllanthus emblica, Assam, Paris Exhibition 1900 13. Wood of Adina cordifolia, Godaveri, Paris Exhibition 1900 14. Wood of Melia indica, Anantapur, Paris Exhibition 1900 15. Wood of Cedrela toona, Nilgiris, Paris Exhibition 1900 16. Wood of Premna bengalensis, Assam, Paris Exhibition 1900 17. Wood of Artocarpus chaplasha, Assam, Paris Exhibition 1900 18. Wood of Artocarpus integrifolia, Nilgiris, Paris Exhibition 1900 19. Wood of Ulmus wallichiana, N. India, Paris Exhibition 1900 20. Wood of Diospyros kurzii , India, Paris Exhibition 1900 21. Wood of Hardwickia binata, Kistna, Paris Exhibition 1900 22. Flowers of Heterotheca inuloides, Mexico, Paris Exhibition 1900 23. Leaves of Datura Stramonium, Paris Exhibition 1900 24. Plant of Mentha viridis, Paris Exhibition 1900 25. Plant of Monsonia ovata, S.
    [Show full text]
  • Case Studies on the Status of Invasive Woody Plant Species in the Western Indian Ocean
    Forestry Department Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Forest Health & Biosecurity Working Papers Case Studies on the Status of Invasive Woody Plant Species in the Western Indian Ocean 1. Synthesis By C. KUEFFER1, P. VOS2, C. LAVERGNE3 and J. MAUREMOOTOO4 1 Geobotanical Institute, ETH (Federal Institute of Technology), Zurich, Switzerland 2 Forestry Section, Ministry of Environment & Natural Resources, Seychelles 3 Conservatoire Botanique National de Mascarin, Réunion 4 Mauritian Wildlife Foundation, Mauritius May 2004 Forest Resources Development Service Working Paper FBS/4-1E Forest Resources Division FAO, Rome, Italy Disclaimer The FAO Forestry Department Working Papers report on issues and activities related to the conservation, sustainable use and management of forest resources. The purpose of these papers is to provide early information on on-going activities and programmes, and to stimulate discussion. This paper is one of a series of FAO documents on forestry-related health and biosecurity issues. The study was carried out from November 2002 to May 2003, and was financially supported by a special contribution of the FAO-Netherlands Partnership Programme on Agro-Biodiversity. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Quantitative information regarding the status of forest resources has been compiled according to sources, methodologies and protocols identified and selected by the authors, for assessing the diversity and status of forest resources.
    [Show full text]
  • Reproductive Biology of <I>Pentadesma
    Plant Ecology and Evolution 148 (2): 213–228, 2015 http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.2015.998 REGULAR PAPER Reproductive biology of Pentadesma butyracea (Clusiaceae), source of a valuable non timber forest product in Benin Eben-Ezer B.K. Ewédjè1,2,*, Adam Ahanchédé3, Olivier J. Hardy1 & Alexandra C. Ley1,4 1Service Evolution Biologique et Ecologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 50 Av. F. Roosevelt, 1050 Brussels, Belgium 2Faculté des Sciences et Techniques FAST-Dassa, BP 14, Dassa-Zoumé, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Benin 3Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques FSA, BP526, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Benin 4Institut für Geobotanik und Botanischer Garten, University Halle-Wittenberg, Neuwerk 21, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany *Author for correspondence: [email protected] Background and aims – The main reproductive traits of the native African food tree species, Pentadesma butyracea Sabine (Clusiaceae), which is threatened in Benin and Togo, were examined in Benin to gather basic data necessary to develop conservation strategies in these countries. Methodology – Data were collected on phenological pattern, floral morphology, pollinator assemblage, seed production and germination conditions on 77 adult individuals from three natural populations occurring in the Sudanian phytogeographical zone. Key results – In Benin, Pentadesma butyracea flowers once a year during the dry season from September to December. Flowering entry displayed less variation among populations than among individuals within populations. However, a high synchrony of different floral stages between trees due to a long flowering period (c. 2 months per tree), might still facilitate pollen exchange. Pollen-ovule ratio was 577 ± 213 suggesting facultative xenogamy. The apical position of inflorescences, the yellowish to white greenish flowers and the high quantity of pollen and nectar per flower (1042 ± 117 µL) represent floral attractants that predispose the species to animal-pollination.
    [Show full text]
  • Chemical Characterization of Shea Butter Oil Soap (Butyrospermum Parkii G
    International Journal of Development and Sustainability ISSN: 2186-8662 – www.isdsnet.com/ijds Volume 6 Number 10 (2017): Pages 1282-1292 ISDS Article ID: IJDS13022701 Chemical characterization of shea butter oil soap (Butyrospermum parkii G. Don) K.O. Boadu 1*, M.A. Anang 1, S.K. Kyei 2 1 Industrial Chemistry Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana 2 Department of Chemical Engineering, Kumasi Technical University, Kumasi, Ghana Abstract Shea butter oil was obtained from the edible nut of the fruit from Karite (Butyrospermum parkii) tree grown in Savannah Grasslands of West Africa. It is a wild growing tree that produces tiny, almond-like fruit. Shea Butter oil was extracted from the fruit by cold process and was used to prepare medical soap. Chemical analysis showed that the obtained soap has 76.0 %, 9.0 %, 3.41 minutes, 9.0, 0.0 %, 3.7% and 0.87 as its total fatty matter, moisture, foam stability, pH, free caustic alkali, unsaponified and specific gravity respectively. Due to the phytoconstituents in shea butter oil and the favourable chemical characteristics of the soap, it can be used as medical and cosmetics toilet soap. Such soap is used to alleviate problems of the skin and scalp. Keywords: Medical Soap; Karite Tree; Butyrospermum Parkii; Shea Butter Oil; Chemical Characteristics Published by ISDS LLC, Japan | Copyright © 2017 by the Author(s) | This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Cite this article as: Boadu, K.O., Anang, M.A.
    [Show full text]
  • Natural Cosmetic Ingredients Exotic Butters & Oleins
    www.icsc.dk Natural Cosmetic Ingredients Exotic Butters & Oleins Conventional, Organic and Internal Stabilized Exotic Butters & Oleins Exotic Oils and butters are derived from uncontrolled plantations or jungles of Asia, Africa and South – Central America. The word exotic is used to define clearly that these crops are dependent on geographical and seasonal variations, which has an impact on their yearly production capacity. Our selection of natural exotic butters and oils are great to be used in the following applications: Anti-aging and anti-wrinkle creams Sun Protection Factor SPF Softening and hydration creams Skin brightening applications General skin care products Internal Stabilization I.S. extends the lifecycle of the products 20-30 times as compare to conventional. www.icsc.dk COCOA BUTTER Theobroma Cacao • Emollient • Stable emulsions and exceptionally good oxidative stability • Reduce degeneration and restores flexibility of the skin • Fine softening effect • Skincare, massage, cream, make-up, sunscreens CONVENTIONAL ORGANIC STABILIZED AVOCADO BUTTER Persea Gratissima • Skincare, massage, cream, make-up • Gives stables emulsions • Rapid absorption into skin • Good oxidative stability • High Oleic acid content • Protective effect against sunlight • Used as a remedy against rheumatism and epidermal pains • Emollient CONVENTIONAL ORGANIC STABILIZED ILLIPE BUTTER Shorea Stenoptera • Emollient • Fine softening effect and good spreadability on the skin • Stable emulsions and exceptionally good oxidative stability • Creams, stick
    [Show full text]
  • Ethnobotany of Pentadesma Butyracea in Benin: a Quantitative Approach C
    Ethnobotany of Pentadesma butyracea in Benin: A quantitative approach C. Avocèvou-Ayisso, T.H. Avohou, M. Oumorou, G. Dossou and B. Sinsin Research Abstract Integrating ethnobotanical knowledge in the development guistiques de deux zones géographiques distinctes of management and conservation strategies of indigenous du Bénin, et comment ces variations pourraient in- plant resources is critical to their effectiveness. In this pa- fluencer les stratégies de conservation de l’espèce. per, we used four plant use indices to assess how the Sept groupes sociolinguistiques à savoir les Anii, Na- plant use knowledge of a multipurpose tree (Pentadesma got, Kotocoli, et Fulani au centre, et les Waama, Dita- butyracea Sabine) varies across different sociolinguistic mari et Natimba au nord-ouest du pays, ont été con- groups from two geographical areas of Benin, and how sidérés. Quatre valeurs d’usage à savoir le nombre these variations may influence the species’ conservation d’usages rapportés par organe de la plante, la valeur and utilisation strategies. Seven sociolinguistic groups de l’organe en question, des usages spécifiques et la namely the Anii, Nagot, Kotocoli, and Fulani in the central valeur d’usage intraspécifique ont été calculées pour part, and the Waama, Ditamari and Natimba in the north- chaque groupe. Les diverses communautés ont mon- western part of the country were considered. We deter- tré des intérêts différents pour les divers organes de mined the reported use value of the plant parts, the plant l’espèce utilisés. Les Nagot ont présenté le meilleur part value, the specific use and the intraspecific use value niveau de connaissances de P.
    [Show full text]
  • PDF 25(2)\LOKONON.Xps
    Characterisation of velvet tamarind 121 STRUCTURAL AND ETHNOBOTANICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF VELVET TAMARIND ( Dialium guineense WILLD), A MULTIPURPOSE TREE SPECIES B. E. LOKONON, W. N. BONOU, B. KASSA, A. F. AZIHOU, A. E. ASSOGBADJO et R. GLELE KAKAI Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi. ABSTRACT The velvet tamarind ( Dialium guineense Willd) is one of the key species for domestication in Sub-Saharan Africa. In order to help the sustainable management and conservation of this species, its structural characteristics and ethnobotanical traits were studied in the 4 vegetation types (typical dense forest, degraded dense forest, young fallow and old fallow) of the Lama forest reserve. A forest inventory was carried out in 100 randomly selected squared plots of one ha each in the 4 vegetation types. One rectangular plot of 0.15 ha was set up within each 1 ha plot for their structural description. Moreover, 10 squared plots of 10 m side were established on one of the diagonal in each one ha plot in order to estimate regeneration density. An ethnobotanical survey was also carried out among 100 randomly selected people of the Holli, Fon and Adja sociocultural groups living adjacent to the forest. Results showed that there were significant differences between the 4 vegetation types according dendrometric parameters. Stem diameter structure showed a non- normal shape. Ethnobotanical survey revealed that D. guineense is an agroforestry species and most of ethnobotanical knowledge is held by men of Holli sociocultural group. Key-words: Benin, Dialium guineense , structure, ethnobotany, Lama forest reserve, vegetation types. RESUME CARACTERISATIONS STRUCTURALE ET ETHNOBOTANIQUE DU TAMARINIER NOIR ( Dialium guineense WILLD ), UNE ESPECE A BUT MULTIPLE Le tamarinier noir ( Dialium guineense Willd) est l’une des espèces clés pour la domestication en Afrique Sub-saharienne.
    [Show full text]
  • Non-Wood Forest Products and Services for Socio-Economic Development
    Non-Wood Forest Products and Services for Socio-Economic Development The AFRICAN FOREST FORUM – a platform for stakeholders in African Forestry A Compendium for Technical and Professional Forestry Education Suzana Agustino, Bennet Mataya, Kingiri Senelwa & Enoch G. Achigan-Dako Non-Wood Forest Products and Services for Socio-Economic Development © African Forest Forum 2011 All rights reserved African Forest Forum c/o World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) P.O. Box 30677-00100 Nairobi KENYA Tel: +254 20 722 4203 Fax: +254 20 722 4001 www.afforum.org Disclaimer The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the African Forest Forum concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries regarding its economic system or degree of development. Excerpts may be reproduced without authorization, on condition that the source is indicated. Views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of the African Forest Forum. Correct citation: Agustino, S., Mataya, B., Senelwa, K., and Achigan-Dako, G.E. 2011. Non-wood forest products and services for socio-economic development. A Compendium for Technical and Professional Forestry Education. The African Forest Forum, Nairobi, Kenya. 219 pp. Printed in Nairobi in 2011. ISBN 978-92-9059-294-5. Non-Wood Forest Products and Services for Socio-Economic Development A Compendium for Technical and Professional Forestry Education Suzana Agustino Bennet Mataya Kingiri Senelwa Enoch G. Achigan-Dako The African Forest Forum (AFF) NON-WOOD FOREST PRODUCTS AND SERVICES FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Table of Contents List of Figures, Tables and Boxes vi Acronymns and Abbreviations viii Foreword xi Concepts, Values and Uses of Non-Wood Forest Products and Services 1 1.1.
    [Show full text]
  • Physicochemical Properties of Cocoa Butter Replacers from Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extracted Mango Seed Fat and Palm Oil Mid-Fraction Blends
    International Food Research Journal 25(1): 143 - 149 (February 2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ifrj.upm.edu.my Physicochemical properties of cocoa butter replacers from supercritical carbon dioxide extracted mango seed fat and palm oil mid-fraction blends 1,2*Jahurul, M.H.A., 3Zaidul, I.S.M., 4Sahena, F., 1Sharifudin, M.S., 5Norulaini, N.N., 6Md. Eaqub Ali, 1Hasmadi, M., 7Ghafoor, K., 2,8Wahidu Zzaman and 2Omar, A.K.M. 1Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 884000 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia 2School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia 3Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University, Kuantan Campus, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia 4Faculty of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuantan Campus, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia 5School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang 11800, Malaysia 6Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research centre (NANOCAT), University of Malay, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia 7Department of Food Science and Nutrition, PO Box 2460, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia 8Department of Food Engineering and Tea Technology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet-3114, Bangladesh Article history Abstract Received: 21 November 2016 Supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) extracted mango seed fat (MSF) was blended with palm Received in revised form: oil mid-fraction (POMF) to obtain cocoa butter
    [Show full text]
  • (Pentadesma Butyracea Sabine) Organs in Benin: Implications for Domestication and Conservation
    Traditional Classification, Perception, and Preferences for Tallow Tree (Pentadesma butyracea Sabine) Organs in Benin: Implications for domestication and conservation Research Serge S. Houédjissin, Paulin Azokpota, Achille Assogbadjo, Corneille Ahanhanzo, and Joseph D. Hounhouigan Abstract The present study examined farmer’s indigenous knowl- au Bénin. Au total, 131 personnes, de différents âges edge on morphological variation, preference in product et sexes, appartenant à sept groupes ethniques dif- traits, management practices, and regeneration of Pen- férents (Anii, Kotocoli, Nagot, Boo, Ditamari, Natimba et tadesma butyracea Sabine. Surveys were conducted on Waama) ont été aléatoirement interviewées. L’analyse a total of 131 users of different ages randomly selected en composante principale (ACP) a été effectuée pour from seven different sociocultural groups (Anii, Kotocoli, expliquer la corrélation entre les caractéristiques de Nagot, Boo, Ditamari, Natimba and Waama) taking into P. butyracea. Dans les douze localités enquêtées, les account gender differences in Benin. Principal component populations utilisent 13 critères (taille, dimension du analysis was carried out to identify correlations between tronc, couleur du tronc, structure du tronc, distance the characteristics of P. butyracea. Local people in the de l’arbre de l’eau, âge de l’arbre, dimension du fruit, twelve villages investigated used 13 criteria (height, trunk nombre de graines par fruit) pour différencier les ar- diameter, trunk color, trunk structure, distance from water, bres de P. butyracea. Cependant, l’arbre de P. butyr- tree age, fruit pulp color, fruit size, fruit shape, number of acea est plus connu par les personnes âgées. Cette seeds per fruit, seed color, seed size, and seed shape) étude a également prouvé que 77.2% des interviewés, to differentiate P.
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Harvest Intensity on the Marketable Organ Yield, Growth And
    Zhang et al. Forest Ecosystems (2021) 8:56 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40663-021-00332-w RESEARCH Open Access Effects of harvest intensity on the marketable organ yield, growth and reproduction of non-timber forest products (NTFPs): implication for conservation and sustainable utilization of NTFPs Ting Zhang1,2†, Lizhong Yu1,2†, Yuan Man3 and Qiaoling Yan1,2* Abstract Background: Non-timber forest products (NTFPs) are an important part of forest biodiversity, and the subsistence and trade of local people, especially in less developed countries. Because of the high ecological and economic value, NTFPs have faced the problem of over-exploitation, and the key to solve this problem is to determine the feasible way of sustainable utilization of NTFPs. Harvest intensity is one of the most important and easily controlled utilization factors, which can greatly influence the plant individual survival, growth and reproductive performances, and even the population structure and dynamics. Therefore, we chose two common and important NTFPs species with different marketable parts (i.e., Acanthopanax senticosus with tender leaves and Aralia elata with tender buds) as our study objects. Aiming to determine the optimum harvest intensity for sustainably utilizing both NTFPs species, five levels of harvest intensity treatments (i.e., control, light, medium, high and severe) were designed to assess the effects of harvest intensity on their marketable organ yield, plant growth and reproductive performances. Results: The biomass growth rates of marketable organ and plant growth of A. senticosus under light harvest intensity treatment were significantly higher than those under other harvest intensities. The plant height growth and 1000-seed weight of A.
    [Show full text]