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A Guide to the Microfilm Edition of

The John F. Kennedy National Security Files, 1961–1963

Latin America First Supplement

A UPA Collection

from

Front Cover: Map of Central America and the Caribbean. Back Cover: Map of South America. Both images courtesy of the Central Intelligence Agency World Factbook.

National Security Files General Editor George C. Herring

The John F. Kennedy National Security Files, 1961–1963 Latin America First Supplement

Guide by Kristen M. Taynor

A UPA Collection from

7500 Old Georgetown Road ● Bethesda, MD 20814-6126 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

The John F. Kennedy national security files, 1961–1963. Latin America. First supplement. [microform] / project coordinator, Robert E. Lester. microfilm reels ; 35 mm. –– (National security files) “Microfilmed from the holdings of the John F. Kennedy Library, Boston, Massachusetts.” Accompanied by a printed guide, entitled: A guide to the microfilm edition of the John F. Kennedy national security files, 1961–1963. Latin America. First supplement ISBN 1-55655-926-7 1. United States––Foreign relations––Latin America––Sources. 2. Latin America––Foreign relations––United States––Sources. 3. United States––Politics and government––1961–1963. 4. Latin America––Politics and government––1961–1963. I. Lester, Robert. II. John F. Kennedy Library. III. University Publications of America (Firm) IV. Title: Latin America. First supplement. V. Title: Guide to the microfilm edition of the John F. Kennedy national security files. Latin America. Microfilm XXXXX 327.7308––dc22 2008063105

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Scope and Content Note ...... v Source Note...... viii Editorial Note...... viii Collection Level Terms...... viii Abbreviations...... ix

Reel Index

Reels 1–2 Argentina...... 1

Reel 3 Argentina cont...... 4 Bolivia ...... 5

Reel 4 Bolivia cont...... 6 Brazil ...... 7 British Guiana...... 8

Reel 5 British Guiana cont...... 9 Chile ...... 10

Reel 6 Chile cont...... 11 Colombia...... 12

Reel 7 Colombia cont...... 13 Costa Rica...... 13 Dominican Republic...... 15

Reel 8 Dominican Republic cont...... 17

Reel 9 Dominican Republic cont...... 19 Dutch Guiana ...... 21 Ecuador ...... 21

iii Reel 10 Ecuador cont...... 21 El Salvador...... 22 Guatemala ...... 23

Reel 11 Guatemala cont...... 23 Haiti...... 24

Reels 12–13 Haiti cont...... 25

Reel 14 Haiti cont...... 27 Honduras...... 28 Jamaica...... 29

Reel 15 Jamaica cont...... 29 Mexico ...... 30

Reel 16 Mexico cont...... 30 Nicaragua...... 31 Panama ...... 31

Reel 17 Panama cont...... 32

Reel 18 Panama cont...... 34 Paraguay...... 35 Peru ...... 35

Reel 19 Peru cont...... 35

Reel 20 Peru cont...... 36 Puerto Rico ...... 37 Surinam...... 37 Trinidad & Tobago...... 37 Uruguay ...... 38

Reel 21 Venezuela ...... 38 West Indies...... 40

Principal Correspondents Index ...... 41 Subject Index ...... 44

iv SCOPE AND CONTENT NOTE

Foreign Policy and the Kennedy Administration John F. Kennedy left an uncertain legacy in the area of foreign policy. Kennedy took office committed to pursuing the cold war more vigorously, and during his first year he launched a major military buildup, enlarged U.S. foreign aid programs, and undertook new foreign policy commitments in various parts of the world. The Kennedy offensive dramatically worsened relations with the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, contributing to the Cuban Missile Crisis of October 1962. In the aftermath of that most frightening confrontation of the cold war, Kennedy seemed to shift from the militant approach that had marked his early years in office, taking the first hesitant steps toward what would later be called détente. It can never be known how far Kennedy might have gone in this direction had his administration not been cut short by an assassin’s bullet. In other areas, moreover, he enjoyed less success in foreign policy, and in places like Vietnam and Latin America, his record and legacy is even more mixed and ambiguous. To meet the challenges of the new era, Kennedy revamped the machinery of U.S. foreign policy. Contemptuous of the State Department, he reportedly fantasized about establishing under his personal control a small, secret office to run U.S. foreign policy. He contented himself with remodeling the National Security Council (NSC) to enhance his personal control. As his special assistant for national security affairs, he chose McGeorge Bundy, formerly a Harvard dean. Bundy and his deputy, Walt Whitman Rostow, eliminated Eisenhower’s cumbersome committee system, making the NSC a compact body of eleven people. The White House established its own situation room and installed equipment giving it direct access to State Department, Defense Department, and Central Intelligence Agency cables. Although it comprised a “little State Department,” thus posing a threat to its larger and older rival, the NSC under Bundy’s direction maintained effective liaison with the State Department bureaucracy. Bundy managed the flow of information, intelligence, and decision papers to the president and monitored the operations of other agencies. Rather than simply acting as a neutral clearinghouse, the NSC also lobbied for policies it preferred. It remained throughout the Kennedy years the president’s major foreign policy instrument. With the White House leading the way, the Kennedy administration launched a full-scale effort to meet the challenges of the cold war. Kennedy ordered a massive buildup of nuclear weapons and long-range missiles to establish a credible deterrent to Soviet nuclear power. Persuaded that Eisenhower’s reliance on nuclear weapons had left the United States muscle-bound in many situations, he also expanded and modernized the nation’s conventional military forces to permit a “flexible response” to various types and levels of threats. Certain that the emerging nations of the Third World would be the principal battleground of the Soviet-American rivalry, the administration devoted much attention to developing an effective response to guerrilla warfare. Kennedy and his advisers also felt that the United States must strike at the source of the disease, however, and they placed great emphasis on devising programs of economic and technical assistance that would eliminate the conditions in which communism flourished and channel revolutionary forces into democratic paths.

National Security Files Researchers can study all aspects of Kennedy administration foreign policy through the Country Files of the National Security File, 1961–1963. As the title suggests, the files were maintained in the White House by the staff of National Security Adviser McGeorge Bundy. They were organized geographically and composed separate files for individual countries. Arranged chronologically, the files include many different types of material: extensive cable traffic between the departments and agencies in Washington and the embassies and missions abroad; memoranda of conversations between U.S. and foreign officials and among top U.S.

v officials; intelligence reports assessing foreign policy issues; internal memoranda, including memos from the national security adviser to the president; and agendas for and records of top-level meetings. The Country Files provide a clear sense of the way in which the administration perceived major foreign policy issues and framed its responses. The chronological arrangement permits the researcher to follow on a day-to-day basis the administration’s handling of crises and to trace the evolution of major policies. This edition of National Security Files is arranged alphabetically by country, and covers the following twenty-six Latin American nations or areas: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, British Guiana, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Dutch Guiana, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Surinam, Trinidad & Tobago, Uruguay, Venezuela, and the West Indies. Within each country or area the files are arranged into chronological General and Subject sections with only the Dominican Republic having a Cables section.

The John F. Kennedy National Security Files, 1961–1963, Latin America, First Supplement No region of the world occupied more of the Kennedy administration’s attention than Latin America. Committed to promoting moderate change in a region swept by revolutionary ferment, the administration developed a bold new program of economic assistance, the Alliance for Progress. The administration also took vigorous steps to head off leftist revolutions and developed a near obsession with Fidel Castro’s Cuba. Yet all the effort produced at best modest results. Castro remained in power, and the administration’s no- invasion pledge following the Cuban Missile Crisis confirmed his position. The Alliance for Progress registered only mild gains, and a region once bright with hope continued to simmer with frustration. This collection highlights those simmering frustrations in the day-to-day reporting on the numerous Latin American coups that took place during Kennedy’s time in office. Of the twenty-six nations covered, seven experienced coups (Argentina, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Peru), one operated under the threat of a coup (Venezuela), one experienced intense internal strife (Haiti), and three others were negotiating their independence from ruling colonial powers (British Guiana, Dutch Guiana, Jamaica). The frustrations were felt not only in Latin America, but also within Kennedy’s administration. John Bartlow Martin, U.S. ambassador to the Dominican Republic, stated in September 1963: I should think that if we turned our back on this coup [in the Dominican Republic], we might advance our purposes enormously in, say, Africa. The subtleties––realities, if you will––… will totally escape the rest of the world. It will only see that that the [U.S. government] has “gone along with”, or even encouraged, another military coup against another popularly elected Latin American government. The principle at stake is not liberalism, or even the non-democratic left in Latin America, and least of all [Juan] Bosch; the principle is the right of people to choose their own leaders. True, the Dominicans chose a Bosch, a mistake; true, probably, now they are happy to get rid of him. Perhaps people in DomRep and other underdeveloped countries are not “ready for democracy.” Then perhaps if that is so, we should stop kidding ourselves and others, should reexamine all our policies in these areas. (Reel 9, Frame 0201) In contrast to Martin’s analysis, James Loeb, U.S. ambassador to Peru, implored the Kennedy administration to “take [a] strong position” during an election crisis and succeeding government instability in Peru. In June 1962, Loeb stated: “While some believe that Peruvians have great talent to find consensus solution in apparently insoluble crisies [sic], this talent will surely be tested during the next few days. My belief is we are witnessing a kind of Greek tragedy relentlessly and almost inevitably leading to civil strife.” (Reel 19, Frames 0200 and 0198) Loeb’s assessment proved correct when a military junta took control of Peru in July of that same year. The problem of coups and instability in Latin America, as can be seen by Martin’s and Loeb’s analyses, was a minefield for the Kennedy administration. The question was not whether certain Latin American administrations were toxic, unstable, or incapable of handling day-to-day problems, but how best to replace, bolster, or transform these administrations into the strong, capable leadership apparatus’s that their citizenry needed. Bolivia President Victor Paz Estenssoro stated “the problem is not simply one of holding elections. The real solution lies in achieving basic structural change to alter situations of injustice which prevail under the anachronistic social systems in some countries. Democratic government in most Latin American countries is a short-term solution which has no real viability without structural change.” (Reel 4, Frame 0343)

vi At times, however, U.S. policy toward certain Latin American governments did not leave enough time to pursue this structural change. In British Guiana, for example, the United States wanted a different leader than Premier Cheddi Jagan when British Guiana achieved its independence from the United Kingdom. One Kennedy administration official stated: It is now doubtful that a working relationship can be established with Jagan…. Thus, it is now more than ever in the U.S. interest to have a government other than one headed by Jagan in power at the time of independence…. Any change in government should occur by constitutional means without obvious U.S. involvement…. Defeat of Jagan in a new election would require active U.S. opposition. Covert and overt steps directed to this end would have to be carefully synchronized. (Reel 4, Frame 0641) In Haiti, the United States used its foreign assistance program as leverage against the François Duvalier government in hopes of ousting him from power and not in hopes of fundamentally changing the structure of Haitian government. The overriding political objective of U.S. Government activity in Haiti is to bring about a situation which will result in the departure of Dr. François Duvalier and his principal advisors from power…. Since, in our opinion, Duvalier cannot remain in power for any extended period without United States economic and military assistance, these two levers are being used to bring carefully measured pressure to bear on the regime and to influence internal political developments in furtherance of objectives…. (Reel 12, Frames 0198 and 0086) This edition of the John F. Kennedy National Security Files offers a close look at the evolution of U.S. policy toward twenty-six nations or areas in Latin America. With this material, researchers can examine troubled U.S. relations with nations such as Haiti and Panama, and the intricacies of Kennedy administration foreign policy. In these pages of declassified diplomatic analysis, reporting, intelligence, and correspondence, scholars will learn firsthand of U.S. operations in Latin America and the day-to-day events that left this portion of the world simmering with frustration. Other LexisNexis collections of interest include British Documents on Foreign Affairs: Reports and Papers from the Foreign Office Confidential Print, Series D: Latin America; Confidential U.S. Diplomatic Post Records, Central America and the Caribbean; The Documentary History of the Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidency, vol. 8: CIA Intervention in Guatemala; The John F. Kennedy National Security Files, 1961–1963: Latin America and Latin America, First Supplement: Cuba; The Lyndon B. Johnson National Security Files, 1963–1969: Latin America and Latin America, First Supplement; and The Special Studies Series, Foreign Nations: Latin America.

vii SOURCE NOTE

The documents reproduced in this publication are from the John F. Kennedy Presidential Papers, National Security Files, Countries, in the custody of the John F. Kennedy Library, Boston, Massachusetts.

EDITORIAL NOTE

LexisNexis has filmed, in their entirety, all NSF Country Files documents that were declassified, sanitized, or unclassified. Many individual documents and entire folders of documents remain classified or unprocessed; LexisNexis has therefore included in this publication the “Document Withdrawal Sheets” for each folder. These withdrawal sheets itemize documents that have been withdrawn from the folder, due to either national security or privacy restrictions, by the staff of the Kennedy Library. Portions of the Scope and Content Note have been adapted from introductions by series General Editor George C. Herring.

COLLECTION LEVEL TERMS

The following subject terms apply to this collection and have not been indexed to each individual folder nor do they appear in the Subject Index at the back of this guide.

Foreign relations National defense John F. Kennedy Security Latin America

viii ABBREVIATIONS

The following abbreviations are used in this guide.

CIA Central Intelligence Agency COMIBOL Corporación Minera de Bolivia FALN Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación Nacional IMF International Monetary Fund NATO North American Treaty Organization OAS Organization of American States UCN Union Civica Nacional (Dominican Republic) UK United Kingdom UN United Nations USSR Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

REEL INDEX

The following index is a listing of the folders that compose The John F. Kennedy National Security Files, 1961–1963, Latin America, First Supplement. The four-digit-number on the far left is the frame number at which a particular file folder begins. This is followed by the folder title. Substantive issues are highlighted under the appropriate category. Within each category, substantive issues are listed in the order in which they appear on the film, and each one is listed only once per folder. For a list of subject terms that apply to this collection but have not been indexed to each individual folder, consult the list of Collection Level Terms at the beginning of this guide.

Reel 1 Frame No. Argentina 0001 General, January–July 1961 Descriptive Title: U.S.-Argentina relations, including the need for economic development in Latin America Subject Terms: Foreign assistance; Economic development; Foreign economic relations Geographic Place Names: Argentina Persons as Subjects: Arturo Frondizi Organization Names: Alliance for Progress Principal Correspondents: Dean Rusk; Arturo Frondizi; John F. Kennedy; Roy Richard Rubottom Jr.; Melvin L. Manfull Dates: January–July 1961 0098 General, August–December 1961 Descriptive Title: U.S.-Argentina relations, including meetings between President Kennedy and Argentina President Arturo Frondizi Subject Terms: International relations; Economic development; Foreign assistance Geographic Place Names: Argentina Persons as Subjects: Adolfo Mugica; Arturo Frondizi; Alvaro Carlos Alsogaray Organization Names: Alliance for Progress Principal Correspondents: Roy Richard Rubottom Jr.; Dean Rusk; Melvin L. Manfull; George W. Ball Dates: August–December 1961 0260 General, January–February 1962 Descriptive Title: U.S.-Argentina relations, including discussion of Latin America–Cuba relations and Alliance for Progress funds for Argentina Subject Terms: International relations; Foot-and-mouth disease; Civil-military relations; Foreign assistance Geographic Place Names: Argentina; Cuba Persons as Subjects: Arturo Frondizi; Carlos Coll Benegas Organization Names: Alliance for Progress Principal Correspondents: Dean Rusk; Henry A. Hoyt; Robert McClintock Dates: January–February 1962

1 Frame No.

0348 General, March 1–15, 1962 Descriptive Title: U.S.-Argentina relations, including economic relations, and issuance of report by the President’s Science Advisory Committee on foot and mouth disease Subject Terms: Foreign economic relations; Foot-and-mouth disease; Science and technology; Meat and meat products; Livestock and livestock industry Geographic Place Names: Argentina Persons as Subjects: Carlos Coll Benegas; Arturo Frondizi Federal Departments and Agencies: President’s Science Advisory Committee Principal Correspondents: Robert McClintock Dates: March 1–15, 1962 0410 General, March 16–31, 1962 Descriptive Title: U.S.-Argentina relations in wake of military ouster of President Arturo Frondizi Subject Terms: Contested elections; Government reorganization; Civil-military relations; Military government Geographic Place Names: Argentina Persons as Subjects: Arturo Frondizi; Rogelio Frigerio; José María Guido Principal Correspondents: Robert McClintock; Dean Rusk Dates: March 16–31, 1962 0539 General, April 1962 Descriptive Title: U.S.-Argentina relations in wake of military ouster of President Arturo Frondizi Subject Terms: Civil-military relations; Military government; Democracy; Contested elections Geographic Place Names: Argentina Persons as Subjects: Arturo Frondizi; José María Guido; Emilio Donato del Carril Principal Correspondents: Robert McClintock; Dean Rusk Dates: April 1962 0647 General, May–June 1962 Descriptive Title: U.S.-Argentina relations in wake of military ouster of President Arturo Frondizi Subject Terms: Political prisoners; Military government; Civil-military relations; Foreign assistance Geographic Place Names: Argentina Persons as Subjects: Arturo Frondizi; Alvaro Carlos Alsogaray; José María Guido Principal Correspondents: Robert McClintock; Henry A. Hoyt; Dean Rusk Dates: May–June 1962 0764 General, July 1962 Descriptive Title: U.S.-Argentina relations, and deterioration of political and economic conditions in Argentina Subject Terms: Civil-military relations; Foreign economic relations; Economic policy; Science and technology; Meat and meat products Geographic Place Names: Argentina Persons as Subjects: Alvaro Carlos Alsogaray Principal Correspondents: Robert McClintock; Dean Rusk Dates: July 1962 0893 General, August 1962 Descriptive Title: U.S.-Argentina relations, and deterioration of political and economic conditions in Argentina Subject Terms: Foreign economic relations; Civil-military relations; Foreign military forces; Military government Geographic Place Names: Argentina Persons as Subjects: Alvaro Carlos Alsogaray; José María Guido Principal Correspondents: Robert McClintock; Dean Rusk; George W. Ball Dates: August 1962

2 Frame No.

Reel 2 Argentina cont. 0001 General, September 1962 Descriptive Title: Political and military conditions in Argentina Subject Terms: Civil-military relations; Foreign military forces Geographic Place Names: Argentina Persons as Subjects: Bonifacio del Carril; Alvaro Carlos Alsogaray; José María Guido Principal Correspondents: Robert McClintock; Dean Rusk Dates: September 1962 0103 General, October 1962 Descriptive Title: U.S.-Argentina relations, and political conditions in Argentina Geographic Place Names: Argentina Persons as Subjects: Pedro Eugenio Aramburu; Carlos Manuel Muniz Principal Correspondents: Robert McClintock; Dean Rusk Dates: October 1962 0160 General, November–December 1962 Descriptive Title: Political and economic conditions in Argentina Subject Terms: Civil-military relations; Economic development; Economic policy; Foreign assistance Geographic Place Names: Argentina Persons as Subjects: Pedro Eugenio Aramburu; Alvaro Carlos Alsogaray; Carlos Manuel Muniz; José María Guido; Eustaquio Méndez Delfino; Roberto T. Alemann Principal Correspondents: Robert McClintock; Dean Rusk; George W. Ball; John F. Kennedy; José María Guido Dates: November–December 1962 0266 General, January 1963 Descriptive Title: U.S.-Argentina relations, including meeting between Argentina Foreign Minister Carlos Manuel Muniz and President Kennedy Subject Terms: Economic development; Economic policy; Foreign economic relations Geographic Place Names: Argentina Persons as Subjects: Carlos Manuel Muniz; Roberto T. Alemann; Eustaquio Méndez Delfino Organization Names: IMF Principal Correspondents: Robert McClintock; Dean Rusk; Henry A. Hoyt Dates: January 1963 0350 General, February–March 1963 Descriptive Title: U.S.-Argentina relations, including preparations for Argentine elections Subject Terms: Foreign economic relations; Elections; Deeds and conveyances; Civil-military relations Geographic Place Names: Argentina Persons as Subjects: Carlos Manuel Muniz; Juan Carlos Onganía Organization Names: IMF; Alliance for Progress Principal Correspondents: Dean Rusk; Robert McClintock; José María Guido; Juan Perón Dates: February–March 1963 0441 General, April–May 1963 Descriptive Title: Military revolt in Argentina and preparations for elections Subject Terms: Civil-military relations; Revolutions; Foreign military forces; Elections; Political parties; Foreign economic relations Geographic Place Names: Argentina Persons as Subjects: José María Guido; Juan Carlos Onganía; José Alfredo Martínez de Hoz Organization Names: IMF

3 Frame No.

Principal Correspondents: Robert McClintock; George W. Ball Dates: April–May 1963 0522 General, June–July 1963 Descriptive Title: Economic conditions and preparations for elections in Argentina Subject Terms: Economic policy; Economic development; Foreign economic relations; Elections; Political parties; Civil-military relations Geographic Place Names: Argentina Persons as Subjects: José Alfredo Martínez de Hoz Principal Correspondents: Robert McClintock; Dean Rusk Dates: June–July 1963 0588 General, August–September 1963 Descriptive Title: Election of Argentine President Arturo Umberto Illia, and formulation of U.S. policy toward new Argentine government Subject Terms: Elections; Foreign military forces; Military assistance; Meat and meat products; Foreign trade; Petroleum and petroleum industry; Contracts Geographic Place Names: Argentina Persons as Subjects: Arturo Umberto Illia Principal Correspondents: Robert McClintock; Dean Rusk; George W. Ball; John F. Kennedy; Arturo Umberto Illia Dates: August–September 1963 0681 General, October 1963 Descriptive Title: Inauguration of Argentine President Arturo Umberto Illia and new administration policy on oil contracts with U.S. and foreign companies Subject Terms: Elections; Petroleum and petroleum industry; Contracts; Foreign corporations Geographic Place Names: Argentina Persons as Subjects: Arturo Umberto Illia Principal Correspondents: Robert McClintock; Dean Rusk Dates: October 1963 0756 General, November 1–14, 1963 Descriptive Title: Argentine policy on oil contracts with U.S. and foreign companies Subject Terms: Petroleum and petroleum industry; Contracts; Foreign corporations Geographic Place Names: Argentina Persons as Subjects: Arturo Umberto Illia Principal Correspondents: Robert McClintock; Dean Rusk Dates: November 1–14, 1963 0819 General, November 15–22, 1963 Descriptive Title: Argentine policy on oil contracts with U.S. and foreign companies Subject Terms: Petroleum and petroleum industry; Contracts; Foreign corporations; Foreign economic relations Geographic Place Names: Argentina Persons as Subjects: Carlos Humberto Perette; Arturo Umberto Illia; W. Averell Harriman; Miguel Angel Zavala Ortiz Organization Names: Yacimientos Petrolíferos Fiscales (YPF) Principal Correspondents: Robert McClintock; Dean Rusk Dates: November 15–22, 1963

Reel 3 Argentina cont. 0001 Subjects, Frondizi Briefing Book, Washington Visit, September 9, 1961, Folder 1 Descriptive Title: Briefing book for Argentina President Arturo Frondizi visit to the United States Subject Terms: Meat and meat products; Foreign trade

4 Frame No.

Geographic Place Names: Argentina; Cuba Persons as Subjects: Arturo Frondizi Dates: September 9, 1961 0037 Subjects, Frondizi Briefing Book, Washington Visit, September 9, 1961, Folder 2 Descriptive Title: Briefing book for Argentina President Arturo Frondizi visit to the United States Subject Terms: Foreign trade; Foreign assistance; Iron and steel industry Geographic Place Names: Argentina Persons as Subjects: Arturo Frondizi Dates: September 9, 1961 0065 Subjects, Frondizi Briefing Book, Washington Visit, September 9, 1961, Folder 3 Descriptive Title: Briefing book for Argentina President Arturo Frondizi visit to the United States Subject Terms: Economic development; Biographies Geographic Place Names: Argentina Persons as Subjects: Arturo Frondizi Dates: September 9, 1961 0096 Subjects, Frondizi/JFK Meeting, New York, September 26, 1961 Descriptive Title: August 7, 1961, issue of Foreign Commerce Weekly discussing world trade issues Subject Terms: Foreign trade Organization Names: Foreign Commerce Weekly Dates: September 26, 1961 0138 Subjects, Frondizi Visit, Palm Beach, December 1961, Briefing Book Descriptive Title: Briefing book for Argentina President Arturo Frondizi visit with President Kennedy in Palm Beach, Florida Subject Terms: Foreign assistance; Iron and steel industry; Foreign trade; Economic development; Biographies Geographic Place Names: Argentina; Cuba Persons as Subjects: Arturo Frondizi Dates: December 1961 Bolivia 0239 General, 1961 Descriptive Title: U.S.-Bolivia relations, including plans for a Bolivian economic development program Subject Terms: Foreign assistance; Economic development; Civil-military relations; Agriculture; Education; Highways; Construction industry; Water supply and use Geographic Place Names: Bolivia Persons as Subjects: Rowland A. Egger Principal Correspondents: John F. Kennedy; Victor Paz Estenssoro; Melvin L. Manfull; Ben S. Stephansky; Rowland A. Egger; Dean Rusk Dates: 1961 0364 General, January–July 1962 Descriptive Title: U.S.-Bolivia relations, including economic development assistance, and history of Bolivia-Chile Lauca River dispute Subject Terms: Foreign assistance; Economic development; International relations; Rivers and waterways; Territorial claims; Pacific Ocean; Harbors and ports; Tin; Price regulation Geographic Place Names: Bolivia; Chile Organization Names: Organization of American States (OAS) Principal Correspondents: John F. Kennedy; Victor Paz Estenssoro; Ben S. Stephansky; Dean Rusk; Rowland A. Egger; George W. Ball Dates: January–July 1962

5 Frame No.

0477 General, August–December 1962 Descriptive Title: U.S.-Bolivia relations, including effect of U.S. disposal of tin surpluses, and political conditions in Bolivia Subject Terms: Tin; Price regulation; International relations; Elections; Democracy; Government- citizen relations; Political parties; Underground movements; Arrest; Cuban Missile Crisis; Communications Geographic Place Names: Bolivia Persons as Subjects: Victor Paz Estenssoro; Victor Andrade Uzquiano Organization Names: OAS Principal Correspondents: Ben S. Stephansky; Dean Rusk; Melville E. Osborne; Victor Paz Estenssoro Dates: August–December 1962 0595 General, January–March 1963 Descriptive Title: U.S.-Bolivia relations, including assistance for economic and social development, and Bolivia–Soviet bloc relations Subject Terms: Foreign assistance; Economic development; International relations; Statistical data: foreign countries-general; Foreign economic relations; Foreign budgets; Aviation accidents and safety; Rescue operations Geographic Place Names: Bolivia; USSR Principal Correspondents: Ben S. Stephansky; Dean Rusk; John H. Stutesman Jr. Content Notes: “The Finances of the Public Sector of Bolivia” (report) Dates: January–March 1963 0694 General, April–July 1963 Descriptive Title: U.S.-Bolivia relations, communist influence in Bolivia, Bolivia-Chile Lauca River dispute, and effect of mining violence on political conditions in Bolivia Subject Terms: Communism and communist parties; Community action programs; Rivers and waterways; Territorial claims; Mines and mining; Embassy security; Strikes and lockouts; Violence Geographic Place Names: Bolivia; Chile Persons as Subjects: Victor Paz Estenssoro; Enrique Sanchez de Lozada; Edward Lansdale Federal Departments and Agencies: CIA Principal Correspondents: John H. Stutesman Jr.; Ben S. Stephansky; Dean Rusk; John F. Kennedy; Victor Paz Estenssoro Dates: April–July 1963 0840 General, Experimental Policy Paper, July 19, 1962 Descriptive Title: Suggested U.S. policy on Bolivia with basic facts and statistics on Bolivia Subject Terms: Revolutions; Economic development; Political parties; Indians; Labor unions; Students; Colleges and universities; Economic policy; Foreign assistance; Rural development; Foreign military forces; Police; Militia; Statistical data: foreign countries-general Geographic Place Names: Bolivia Dates: July 19, 1962

Reel 4 Bolivia cont. 0001 General, August 1963–January 1964 Descriptive Title: U.S.-Bolivia relations, and general political, social, and economic conditions in Bolivia Subject Terms: Mines and mining; Labor-management relations; Labor unions; Economic development; Financial regulation Geographic Place Names: Bolivia

6 Frame No.

Persons as Subjects: Teodoro Moscoso; Alfonso Gumucio Reyes; Ralph A. Dungan; Victor Paz Estenssoro Organization Names: Corporación Minera de Bolivia (COMIBOL) Principal Correspondents: Ben S. Stephansky; John H. Stutesman Jr.; Victor Paz Estenssoro Dates: August 1963–January 1964 0087 Subjects, Paz Visit, October 22–23, 1963 Descriptive Title: Bolivia President Victor Paz Estenssoro visit to the United States Geographic Place Names: Bolivia Persons as Subjects: Victor Paz Estenssoro Principal Correspondents: Ben S. Stephansky; Dean Rusk; John F. Kennedy; Victor Paz Estenssoro Dates: October 22–23, 1963 0186 Subjects, Paz Visit, Briefing Memorandum, October 18, 1962 [sic] Descriptive Title: Briefing materials for Bolivia President Victor Paz Estenssoro visit to the United States Geographic Place Names: Bolivia Persons as Subjects: Victor Paz Estenssoro Dates: October 18, 1963 0203 Subjects, Paz Briefing Book, Tabs I–III, October 22–23, 1963 Descriptive Title: Briefing materials for Bolivia President Victor Paz Estenssoro visit to the United States Subject Terms: Chronologies; Foreign assistance; Mines and mining; Tin; Rivers and waterways; Territorial claims; Harbors and ports; Subversive activities; Travel; Arms control and disarmament Geographic Place Names: Bolivia; Chile; Cuba Persons as Subjects: Victor Paz Estenssoro Organization Names: Alliance for Progress; COMIBOL Dates: October 22–23, 1963 0276 Subjects, Paz Briefing Book, Tabs IV–VII, October 22–23, 1963 Descriptive Title: Briefing materials for Bolivia President Victor Paz Estenssoro visit to the United States Subject Terms: Revolutions; Government-citizen relations; Communism and communist parties; Presidential communications and messages Geographic Place Names: Bolivia; USSR Persons as Subjects: Victor Paz Estenssoro Organization Names: Movimiento Nacionalista Revolucionario (MNR) Dates: October 22–23, 1963 0338 Subjects, Paz Visit, October 1963, MEMCONS Descriptive Title: Memoranda of conversations between President Kennedy and Bolivia President Victor Paz Estenssoro during Paz’s visit to the United States Subject Terms: Military government; International relations; Foreign economic relations; Foreign assistance; Mines and mining Geographic Place Names: Bolivia Persons as Subjects: Victor Paz Estenssoro Organization Names: COMIBOL; Alliance for Progress Dates: October 1963 Brazil 0398 General, February 25–May 31, 1961 Descriptive Title: U.S.-Brazil relations, including U.S. assistance to Brazil Subject Terms: Foreign assistance; Economic policy Geographic Place Names: Brazil Persons as Subjects: Jânio da Silva Quadros; Clemente Mariani Bittencourt

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Principal Correspondents: John M. Cabot Dates: February 25–May 31, 1961 0411 General, June–July 1961 Descriptive Title: Memorandum of conversation between President Kennedy and Brazil Finance Minister Clemente Mariani Bittencourt Subject Terms: Foreign assistance Geographic Place Names: Brazil Persons as Subjects: Clemente Mariani Bittencourt Dates: June–July 1961 0416 General, May 1962 Descriptive Title: U.S.-Brazil relations, May 1962 Geographic Place Names: Brazil Dates: May 1962 British Guiana 0421 General, May 19–August 23, 1961 Descriptive Title: U.S. position on possible election of Cheddi Jagan in British Guiana Subject Terms: International relations; Elections Geographic Place Names: British Guiana; UK Persons as Subjects: Cheddi Jagan Principal Correspondents: Dean Rusk Dates: May 19–August 23, 1961 0436 General, August 24–September 6, 1961 Descriptive Title: U.S. policy on British Guiana after election of Cheddi Jagan Subject Terms: Elections; International relations Geographic Place Names: British Guiana; UK Persons as Subjects: Cheddi Jagan Principal Correspondents: David K. E. Bruce; Dean Rusk; Everett K. Melby Dates: August 24–September 6, 1961 0454 General, September 7–28, 1961 Descriptive Title: Plans for a U.S.-UK working group to discuss relations with British Guiana Subject Terms: International relations; Colonialism and colonial affairs Geographic Place Names: British Guiana; UK Persons as Subjects: Cheddi Jagan Principal Correspondents: David K. E. Bruce Dates: September 7–28, 1961 0468 General, October 21–31, 1961 Descriptive Title: British Guiana Premier Cheddi Jagan visit to the United States Subject Terms: International relations; Foreign assistance; Speeches and addresses Geographic Place Names: British Guiana; UK Persons as Subjects: Cheddi Jagan; Chester Bowles Principal Correspondents: Dean Rusk; Melvin L. Manfull Dates: October 21–31, 1961 0529 General, November 1961–February 1962 Descriptive Title: U.S.–British Guiana relations, UK–British Guiana discussions on independence, and political and social turmoil in British Guiana Subject Terms: Foreign assistance; Economic development; International relations; Colonialism and colonial affairs; Sovereignty; Political parties; Elections; Strikes and lockouts; Riots and disorders Geographic Place Names: British Guiana; UK Persons as Subjects: Cheddi Jagan

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Principal Correspondents: Everett K. Melby; Dean Rusk; David K. E. Bruce; Alec Douglas-Home Dates: November 1961–February 1962 0666 General, March–May 1962 Descriptive Title: U.S. and UK policy on independence of and assistance to British Guiana Subject Terms: Riots and disorders; International relations; Sovereignty; Colonialism and colonial affairs; Foreign assistance; Economic development; Political parties Geographic Place Names: British Guiana; UK Persons as Subjects: Cheddi Jagan; Hugh Fraser; Linden Forbes Sampson Burnham Principal Correspondents: George W. Ball; Dean Rusk; Alec Douglas-Home; David K. E. Bruce; Everett K. Melby Dates: March–May 1962 0789 General, June–December 1962 Descriptive Title: U.S. and UK policy on independence of British Guiana, and possible UN intervention in independence process Subject Terms: International relations; Sovereignty; Colonialism and colonial affairs; Foreign assistance; Economic development Geographic Place Names: British Guiana; UK Persons as Subjects: Cheddi Jagan; Linden Forbes Sampson Burnham Organization Names: UN Principal Correspondents: Everett K. Melby; David K. E. Bruce; Dean Rusk; Charles W. Yost; Adlai E. Stevenson Dates: June–December 1962

Reel 5 British Guiana cont. 0001 General, January–May 15, 1963 Descriptive Title: General labor strike in British Guiana Subject Terms: Speeches and addresses; International relations; Strikes and lockouts; Labor unions Geographic Place Names: British Guiana; UK Persons as Subjects: Cheddi Jagan; Janet Jagan Organization Names: Winnipeg Press Club Principal Correspondents: Everett K. Melby; Cheddi Jagan Content Notes: Transcript of Cheddi Jagan speech, delivered by his wife Janet, to the Winnipeg Press Club Dates: January–May 15, 1963 0079 General, May 16–June 1963 Descriptive Title: General labor strike in British Guiana Subject Terms: Strikes and lockouts; Labor unions; Food supply; Petroleum and petroleum industry; Foreign assistance; Economic development Geographic Place Names: British Guiana; UK Persons as Subjects: Cheddi Jagan Principal Correspondents: Everett K. Melby; John F. Kennedy; Cheddi Jagan; David K. E. Bruce Dates: May 16–June 1963 0175 General, July–August 1963 Descriptive Title: Resolution of general labor strike in British Guiana and Labour Party (UK) views on British Guiana Subject Terms: Strikes and lockouts; Violence; Race relations; International relations Geographic Place Names: British Guiana; UK Persons as Subjects: Cheddi Jagan; Fenner Brockway Organization Names: Labour Party (UK)

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Principal Correspondents: Everett K. Melby; David K. E. Bruce; Dean Rusk Dates: July–August 1963 0257 General, September–November 22, 1963, and undated Descriptive Title: Deterioration of U.S.–British Guiana relations, and UK–British Guiana discussions on independence and constitutional changes Subject Terms: International relations; Colonialism and colonial affairs; Sovereignty; Constitutional conventions; Negotiations; Elections; Political parties Geographic Place Names: British Guiana; UK Persons as Subjects: Cheddi Jagan; Linden Forbes Sampson Burnham; Duncan Sandys Organization Names: UN Principal Correspondents: Everett K. Melby; Dean Rusk Dates: September–November 22, 1963, and undated 0363 Subjects, Jagan Briefing Book, October 23–25, 1961 Descriptive Title: British Guiana Premier Cheddi Jagan visit to the United States Subject Terms: Foreign assistance; Economic development; Television; Communism and communist parties; Sovereignty Geographic Place Names: British Guiana Persons as Subjects: Cheddi Jagan; U. Alexis Johnson Organization Names: National Broadcasting Company Content Notes: Transcript of Meet the Press interview with Cheddi Jagan Dates: October 23–25, 1961 Chile 0436 General, January–September 1961 Descriptive Title: U.S.–Latin America relations, January–September 1961 Subject Terms: International relations Geographic Place Names: Chile Dates: January–September 1961 0439 General, October–December 1961 Descriptive Title: U.S.-Chile relations, including meeting between President Kennedy and Chile Foreign Minister Carlos Martinez Sotomayor Subject Terms: Foreign exchange Geographic Place Names: Chile Persons as Subjects: Carlos Martinez Sotomayor; Jorge Alessandri Rodríguez Principal Correspondents: Charles W. Cole Dates: October–December 1961 0468 General, January–June 1962 Descriptive Title: General economic conditions in Chile with U.S.-Chile discussions on financial assistance plans Subject Terms: Economic policy; Foreign exchange; Foreign assistance Geographic Place Names: Chile Persons as Subjects: Luis MacKenna; Jorge Alessandri Rodríguez; Richard N. Goodwin; Teodoro Moscoso; Eduardo Frei Montalva Organization Names: IMF; Alliance for Progress Principal Correspondents: Charles W. Cole; Dean Rusk; Jorge Alessandri Rodríguez; Ralph A. Dungan Dates: January–June 1962 0569 General, July–October 1962 Descriptive Title: U.S.-Chile economic relations and efforts to bolster Chilean economy Subject Terms: Foreign assistance; Foreign economic relations; Foreign exchange Geographic Place Names: Chile Persons as Subjects: Jorge Alessandri Rodríguez

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Organization Names: IMF; Alliance for Progress Principal Correspondents: Charles W. Cole; Dean Rusk Dates: July–October 1962 0693 General, November–December 1962 Descriptive Title: Chile President Jorge Alessandri Rodríguez visit to the United States Subject Terms: Chronologies; Military assistance Geographic Place Names: Chile Persons as Subjects: Jorge Alessandri Rodríguez Principal Correspondents: Jorge Alessandri Rodríguez; John F. Kennedy; Charles W. Cole; Dean Rusk; George W. Ball Dates: November–December 1962 0820 General, January–June 1963 Descriptive Title: Memoranda of conversations between President Kennedy and Chile President Jorge Alessandri Rodríguez, general economic and political conditions in Chile, and Brazil President João Goulart visit to Chile Subject Terms: International relations; Foreign assistance; Foreign investments; Military assistance; Economic development; Diplomatic and consular service; Foreign economic relations; Foreign trade Geographic Place Names: Chile; Cuba; Bolivia; Brazil Persons as Subjects: Jorge Alessandri Rodríguez; Walter Muller; Sergio Gutierrez Olivos; João Goulart Principal Correspondents: Charles W. Cole; Dean Rusk; John F. Kennedy; Jorge Alessandri Rodríguez Dates: January–June 1963

Reel 6 Chile cont. 0001 General, July–November 1963 Descriptive Title: U.S.-Chile relations, and general political and economic conditions in Chile Subject Terms: Military aircraft; Political parties; Elections; Foreign economic relations Geographic Place Names: Chile Persons as Subjects: Jorge Alessandri Rodríguez Principal Correspondents: Robert A. Stevenson; Dean Rusk; Charles W. Cole Dates: July–November 1963 0090 Subjects, Chilean Voter Attitudes, Vol. I, January 1963 Descriptive Title: Analysis of Chilean voter attitudes toward foreign and domestic issues Subject Terms: Surveys and questionnaires; Public opinion; Political parties; Elections; Statistical data: foreign countries-general Geographic Place Names: Chile Dates: January 1963 0153 Subjects, Chilean Voter Attitudes, Vol. II, January 1963 Descriptive Title: Survey responses of Chilean voters to determine their attitudes toward foreign and domestic issues Subject Terms: Surveys and questionnaires; Public opinion; Political parties; Elections; Statistical data: foreign countries-general Geographic Place Names: Chile Dates: January 1963 0355 Subjects, Chilean Voter Attitudes, Vol. III, January 1963 Descriptive Title: Demographic and electoral data on Chilean voting Subject Terms: Statistical data: foreign countries-general; Population; Elections; Political parties

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Geographic Place Names: Chile Dates: January 1963 0419 Subjects, Alessandri Briefing Book, December 11–15, 1962 Descriptive Title: Briefing materials for Chile President Jorge Alessandri Rodríguez visit to the United States Subject Terms: Chronologies; Foreign assistance; Economic development; Foreign investments; Presidential communications and messages Geographic Place Names: Chile Persons as Subjects: Jorge Alessandri Rodríguez Organization Names: Alliance for Progress Dates: December 11–15, 1962 Colombia 0554 General, 1961 Descriptive Title: U.S.-Colombia relations, and Colombian efforts to address Latin America–Cuba relations in OAS Subject Terms: International relations Geographic Place Names: Colombia; Cuba Persons as Subjects: Julio César Turbay Ayala; Alberto Lleras Camargo Organization Names: OAS Principal Correspondents: Dean Rusk; Fulton Freeman; Melvin L. Manfull; John F. Kennedy; Alberto Lleras Camargo Dates: 1961 0680 General, January–June 1962 Descriptive Title: U.S.-Colombia relations, Colombian efforts to address Latin America–Cuba relations in OAS, and preparation for Colombia President-elect Guillermo Leon Valencia visit to the United States Subject Terms: International relations; Coffee; Prices; Foreign trade; Aviation accidents and safety; Rescue operations; Elections Geographic Place Names: Colombia; Cuba Persons as Subjects: Alberto Lleras Camargo; Guillermo Leon Valencia Organization Names: OAS Principal Correspondents: John F. Kennedy; Fulton Freeman; Dean Rusk; Alberto Lleras Camargo; Guillermo Leon Valencia Dates: January–June 1962 0810 General, July–September 1962 Descriptive Title: U.S.-Colombia relations, and inauguration of Colombia President Guillermo Leon Valencia Subject Terms: Presidential inaugurations; Foreign debts; Korean War; Presidential powers; Rural development; Developing countries Geographic Place Names: Colombia Persons as Subjects: Guillermo Leon Valencia; Alberto Lleras Camargo; Chester Bowles Principal Correspondents: Fulton Freeman; George W. Ball; Dean Rusk; John F. Kennedy; Guillermo Leon Valencia Dates: July–September 1962 0884 General, October 1962–February 1963 Descriptive Title: U.S.-Colombia economic relations, and general political and economic conditions in Colombia Subject Terms: Foreign economic relations; Economic development; Foreign assistance; Agricultural finance; Economic policy; Foreign exchange; Civil-military relations Geographic Place Names: Colombia

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Persons as Subjects: Carlos Sanz de Santamaria; George W. Ball; Guillermo Leon Valencia; Teodoro Moscoso; Alberto Ruiz Novoa Organization Names: Alliance for Progress Principal Correspondents: Fulton Freeman; Henry Dearborn; Dean Rusk Dates: October 1962–February 1963

Reel 7 Colombia cont. 0001 General, March–November 1963 Descriptive Title: U.S.-Colombia relations, and general political and economic conditions in Colombia Subject Terms: Violence; Coffee; Agricultural quotas and price supports Geographic Place Names: Colombia Persons as Subjects: Guillermo Leon Valencia; Eduardo Uribe Botero; Fernando Gomez Martinez; Fulton Freeman Principal Correspondents: Fulton Freeman; John F. Kennedy Dates: March–November 1963 0111 Subjects, President-Elect Valencia Visit, June 1962, Briefing Book Descriptive Title: Briefing materials for Colombia President-elect Guillermo Leon Valencia visit to the United States Subject Terms: Foreign trade; Foreign assistance; Economic development; Political parties Geographic Place Names: Colombia Persons as Subjects: Guillermo Leon Valencia Dates: June 1962 0201 Subjects, Report of the Colombia Survey Team, April 1960, Part II, Appendices I–III [Documents withdrawn] 0205 Subjects, Report of Colombia Survey Team, April 1960, Part II, Appendices IV–XX [Substantive documents withdrawn] 0222 Subjects, Report of the Colombia Survey Team, April 1960, Part III [Substantive documents withdrawn] Costa Rica 0234 General, January–August 1961 Descriptive Title: Exchange of new U.S. and Costa Rican ambassadors Subject Terms: Diplomatic and consular service Geographic Place Names: Costa Rica Persons as Subjects: Manuel G. Escalante Duran; Raymond Telles Principal Correspondents: John F. Kennedy; Dean Rusk; Mario Echandi Jiménez Dates: January–August 1961 0252 General, September–November 1961 Descriptive Title: U.S.–Costa Rica relations, including exchange of ideas on economic systems Subject Terms: Economic policy Geographic Place Names: Costa Rica Persons as Subjects: Mario Echandi Jiménez Principal Correspondents: Melvin L. Manfull; Raymond Telles; John F. Kennedy; Mario Echandi Jiménez Dates: September–November 1961 0281 General, December 1961–February 1962 Descriptive Title: U.S.–Costa Rica relations, including discussion of prevalence of coups d’etat in Central America Subject Terms: Civil-military relations; Military government; Democracy

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Geographic Place Names: Costa Rica; Central America Persons as Subjects: Mario Echandi Jiménez; Francisco José Orlich Bolmarcich Principal Correspondents: Raymond Telles; Dean Rusk; John F. Kennedy Dates: December 1961–February 1962 0310 General, March–April 1962 Descriptive Title: Election of Costa Rican president, and U.S.–Costa Rica discussions on sugar quotas Subject Terms: Presidential elections; Sugar and sugar industry; Foreign trade Geographic Place Names: Costa Rica Persons as Subjects: Mario Echandi Jiménez; Francisco José Orlich Bolmarcich Principal Correspondents: Raymond Telles; John F. Kennedy; Mario Echandi Jiménez Dates: March–April 1962 0342 General, May–July 1962 Descriptive Title: U.S.–Costa Rica relations, May–July 1962 Subject Terms: International relations Geographic Place Names: Costa Rica Persons as Subjects: Francisco José Orlich Bolmarcich Principal Correspondents: Raymond Telles; Dean Rusk; Francisco José Orlich Bolmarcich Dates: May–July 1962 0369 General, August–October 1962 Descriptive Title: U.S.–Costa Rica relations, including visits of leaders to each country, and discussions of larger hemispheric issues Subject Terms: International relations Geographic Place Names: Costa Rica Persons as Subjects: Francisco José Orlich Bolmarcich Principal Correspondents: John F. Kennedy; Dean Rusk; Francisco José Orlich Bolmarcich; Raymond Telles Dates: August–October 1962 0396 General, November–December 1962 Descriptive Title: U.S.–Costa Rica relations, November–December 1962 Subject Terms: Riots and disorders; International relations Geographic Place Names: Costa Rica; Cuba Persons as Subjects: Francisco José Orlich Bolmarcich; Fidel Castro; Raymond Telles Principal Correspondents: Raymond Telles; Francisco José Orlich Bolmarcich Dates: November–December 1962 0424 General, January–February 1963 Descriptive Title: U.S.–Costa Rica relations, including meetings between President Kennedy and Costa Rica Foreign Minister Daniel Oduber Quirós, and preparation for meeting of Central American nations Subject Terms: International relations Geographic Place Names: Costa Rica; Central America; Cuba; Guatemala Persons as Subjects: Daniel Oduber Quirós Principal Correspondents: John F. Kennedy; Dean Rusk; Raymond Telles Dates: January–February 1963 0464 General, March–April 1963 Descriptive Title: U.S. general assistance to Costa Rica and after eruption of Irazú volcano Subject Terms: Volcanoes; Foreign assistance Geographic Place Names: Costa Rica Principal Correspondents: Raymond Telles; John F. Kennedy; Francisco José Orlich Bolmarcich Dates: March–April 1963

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0488 General, May–June 1963 Descriptive Title: U.S.–Costa Rica relations, May–June 1963 Subject Terms: Military aircraft Geographic Place Names: Costa Rica Principal Correspondents: Raymond Telles Dates: May–June 1963 0503 General, July–September 1963 Descriptive Title: U.S.–Costa Rica relations, and analysis of Costa Rica economy Subject Terms: Racial discrimination; International relations; Economic development; Statistical data: foreign countries-general Geographic Place Names: Costa Rica Principal Correspondents: Francisco José Orlich Bolmarcich; John F. Kennedy; Raymond Telles Dates: July–September 1963 0536 General, October 1–November 22, 1963 Descriptive Title: Political instability and coups in Latin America Subject Terms: Military government; Revolutions Geographic Place Names: Costa Rica; Honduras Persons as Subjects: Francisco José Orlich Bolmarcich; Ramón Villeda Morales Principal Correspondents: John F. Kennedy; Francisco José Orlich Bolmarcich; Ramón Villeda Morales; Raymond Telles; Dean Rusk Dates: October 1–November 22, 1963 Dominican Republic 0580 General, January–June 1961 Descriptive Title: U.S. policy on Cuba and the Dominican Republic Subject Terms: Revolutions Geographic Place Names: Cuba; Dominican Republic Persons as Subjects: Rafael Leónidas Trujillo Molina Dates: January–June 1961 0614 General, July–August 1961 Descriptive Title: U.S. policy on Joaquín Balaguer government Geographic Place Names: Dominican Republic Persons as Subjects: Joaquín Balaguer Dates: July–August 1961 0616 General, September–December 1961 Descriptive Title: U.S. policy on Dominican Republic Geographic Place Names: Dominican Republic Persons as Subjects: Joaquín Balaguer Principal Correspondents: John F. Kennedy Dates: September–December 1961 0677 General, April–December 1962 Descriptive Title: U.S.–Dominican Republic relations, April–December 1962 Geographic Place Names: Dominican Republic Persons as Subjects: Joaquín Balaguer Dates: April–December 1962 0685 General, January–March 1963 Descriptive Title: Biographic information on Dominican President Juan Bosch Gavino Subject Terms: Biographies Geographic Place Names: Dominican Republic Persons as Subjects: Juan Bosch Gavino Dates: January–March 1963

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0688 General, April–May 1963 Descriptive Title: Review of political conditions in Dominican Republic Geographic Place Names: Dominican Republic Dates: April–May 1963 0696 General, June 14–July 31, 1963 Descriptive Title: Communist influence in Dominican Republic Subject Terms: Communism and communist parties Geographic Place Names: Dominican Republic Dates: June 14–July 31, 1963 0701 General, August 1–October 10, 1963 Descriptive Title: Review of Juan Bosch Gavino administration in Dominican Republic and options for U.S. policy post–September 1963 coup Subject Terms: Civil-military relations; Political parties; Government-citizen relations; Military government Geographic Place Names: Dominican Republic Persons as Subjects: Juan Bosch Gavino Principal Correspondents: John Bartlow Martin Dates: August 1–October 10, 1963 0744 General, October 11–17, 1963 Descriptive Title: Options for U.S. policy on Dominican Republic post–September 1963 coup Subject Terms: Military government; Political parties Geographic Place Names: Dominican Republic Persons as Subjects: Juan Casasnovas Garrido Content Notes: List of leading Dominican personalities and political parties Dates: October 11–17, 1963 0762 General, October 18–November 23, 1963 Descriptive Title: Analysis of military takeover in Dominican Republic Subject Terms: Military government; Democracy Geographic Place Names: Dominican Republic Persons as Subjects: Thomas L. Hughes; Juan Bosch Gavino Dates: October 18–November 23, 1963 0780 Subjects, Murphy Trip, May–July 1961 Descriptive Title: Robert Murphy and Igor Cassini trip to Dominican Republic Geographic Place Names: Dominican Republic Persons as Subjects: Robert Murphy; Igor Cassini; Rafael Leónidas Trujillo Molina Principal Correspondents: Robert Murphy; Dean Rusk Dates: May–July 1961 0805 Subjects, Murphy Trip, August 1961–May 1963 Descriptive Title: Review of political conditions in Dominican Republic and possible legal action against Igor Cassini for his undocumented ties to Dominican Republic Geographic Place Names: Dominican Republic Persons as Subjects: Robert Murphy; Igor Cassini; Tad Szulc Organization Names: New York Times Principal Correspondents: Pierre Salinger Content Notes: Review of documents on the Dominican Republic obtained by Tad Szulc of the New York Times Dates: August 1961–May 1963 0824 Subjects, Juan Bosch, June 10, 1963, Tabs 1–4 Descriptive Title: Analysis of Jules Dubois article on Juan Bosch Gavino Subject Terms: Communism and communist parties Geographic Place Names: Dominican Republic Persons as Subjects: Jules Dubois; Juan Bosch Gavino

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Principal Correspondents: Gordon Chase Dates: June 10, 1963 0830 Cables, August–September 1961 Descriptive Title: General political conditions in Dominican Republic and U.S. policy options Subject Terms: Democratic reform; Riots and disorders; Police; Civil liberties; Civil-military relations; Military government; Communism and communist parties Geographic Place Names: Dominican Republic Persons as Subjects: Joaquín Balaguer; Rafael Leónidas “Ramfis” Trujillo Martínez Organization Names: OAS Principal Correspondents: John Calvin Hill; George W. Ball; Dean Rusk; Chester Bowles Dates: August–September 1961 0908 Cables, October 1–November 15, 1961 Descriptive Title: General political conditions in Dominican Republic and U.S. and OAS policy options Subject Terms: Political parties; Democratic reform; International relations; International sanctions; Foreign trade Geographic Place Names: Dominican Republic Persons as Subjects: Joaquín Balaguer; Rafael Leónidas “Ramfis” Trujillo Martínez Organization Names: OAS Principal Correspondents: Dean Rusk; John Calvin Hill; George W. Ball; Chester Bowles Dates: October 1–November 15, 1961

Reel 8 Dominican Republic cont. 0001 Cables, November 16–30, 1961 Descriptive Title: Efforts to establish new government in Dominican Republic and international policy options Subject Terms: Military government; Military intervention; International relations; Naval vessels Geographic Place Names: Dominican Republic Persons as Subjects: Joaquín Balaguer; Rafael Leónidas “Ramfis” Trujillo Martínez; Héctor Bienvenido Trujillo Molina; José Arismendi Trujillo Molina Organization Names: OAS Principal Correspondents: Dean Rusk; John Calvin Hill Dates: November 16–30, 1961 0081 Cables, December 1961 Descriptive Title: Tentative agreement on new government in Dominican Republic and international policy options Subject Terms: Political parties; Negotiations; Civil-military relations; Military government; International relations; International sanctions Geographic Place Names: Dominican Republic Persons as Subjects: Joaquín Balaguer; Pedro Ramon Rodriguez Echavarria Organization Names: Union Civica Nacional (UCN); OAS Principal Correspondents: Dean Rusk; John Calvin Hill; George W. Ball Dates: December 1961 0176 Cables, January–February 1962 Descriptive Title: Establishment of new government in Dominican Republic followed by series of coups Subject Terms: Civil-military relations; Military government Geographic Place Names: Dominican Republic Persons as Subjects: Joaquín Balaguer; Pedro Ramon Rodriguez Echavarria Organization Names: UCN

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Principal Correspondents: Dean Rusk; John Calvin Hill Dates: January–February 1962 0250 Cables, March–June 1962 Descriptive Title: Challenges for new government in Dominican Republic and U.S.-Dominican relations Subject Terms: Riots and disorders; Civil-military relations; Sugar and sugar industry; Agricultural quotas and price supports; Legislation; Foreign assistance Geographic Place Names: Dominican Republic Persons as Subjects: Rafael Filiberto Bonnelly Organization Names: UCN Principal Correspondents: Dean Rusk; John Calvin Hill; John Bartlow Martin Dates: March–June 1962 0353 Cables, July–August 1962 Descriptive Title: General political conditions in Dominican Republic Subject Terms: Foreign assistance; Elections; Political parties Geographic Place Names: Dominican Republic Persons as Subjects: Rafael Filiberto Bonnelly; Jose Antonio Bonilla Atiles; Edwin M. Martin Principal Correspondents: Dean Rusk; John Bartlow Martin; Alton W. Hemba Dates: July–August 1962 0470 Cables, September–October 1962 Descriptive Title: General political conditions in Dominican Republic and preparation for elections Subject Terms: Espionage; Civil-military relations; Elections; Political parties Geographic Place Names: Dominican Republic; Canada Persons as Subjects: Arturo R. Espaillat; Rafael Filiberto Bonnelly; Luis Amiama Tio; Antonio Imbert Barerra Principal Correspondents: Dean Rusk; John Bartlow Martin Content Notes: Allegations of Arturo R. Espaillat regarding U.S. actions in Dominican Republic during Trujillo regime Dates: September–October 1962 0546 Cables, November–December 1962 Descriptive Title: Preparation for and holding of elections in Dominican Republic Subject Terms: Civil-military relations; Elections; Political parties; Catholic Church Geographic Place Names: Dominican Republic Persons as Subjects: Luis Amiama Tio; Antonio Imbert Barerra; Joaquín Balaguer; Rafael Filiberto Bonnelly; Juan Bosch Gavino Principal Correspondents: John Bartlow Martin; Dean Rusk Dates: November–December 1962 0663 Cables, January–March 1963 Descriptive Title: Inauguration of Juan Bosch Gavino as president of Dominican Republic and general political conditions following inauguration Subject Terms: Democratic reform; Civil-military relations; Presidential inaugurations; Death and dying; Political parties Geographic Place Names: Dominican Republic Persons as Subjects: Rafael Filiberto Bonnelly; Juan Bosch Gavino; Robert Frost; Lyndon Baines Johnson; William O. Douglas Principal Correspondents: John Bartlow Martin; John F. Kennedy; Dean Rusk; Rafael Filiberto Bonnelly Content Notes: Condolences from Dominican President Rafael Filiberto Bonnelly on death of Robert Frost Dates: January–March 1963

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0736 Cables, April–June 1963 Descriptive Title: General political conditions in Dominican Republic Subject Terms: Communism and communist parties; Sugar and sugar industry; Economic development; Foreign assistance Geographic Place Names: Dominican Republic Persons as Subjects: Juan Bosch Gavino Organization Names: South Puerto Rico Sugar Company Principal Correspondents: John Bartlow Martin; Dean Rusk; John F. Kennedy; Spencer M. King Dates: April–June 1963 0822 Cables, July 1963 Descriptive Title: General political conditions in Dominican Republic, assessment of communist influence, and discussion of property confiscation laws Subject Terms: Foreign assistance; Civil-military relations; Communism and communist parties; Personal property; Right of property; Law Geographic Place Names: Dominican Republic Persons as Subjects: Juan Bosch Gavino Principal Correspondents: John Bartlow Martin; Dean Rusk Dates: July 1963 0902 Cables, August 1963 Descriptive Title: Challenges faced by Juan Bosch Gavino administration in Dominican Republic and efforts to maintain support and unity Subject Terms: Communism and communist parties; Civil-military relations; International relations Geographic Place Names: Dominican Republic; Haiti Persons as Subjects: Juan Bosch Gavino Principal Correspondents: Spencer M. King; John Bartlow Martin; Dean Rusk; George W. Ball Dates: August 1963

Reel 9 Dominican Republic cont. 0001 Cables, September 1–20, 1963 Descriptive Title: Deterioration of political conditions in Dominican Republic, and efforts to obtain military aircraft from the UK Subject Terms: Military assistance; Military aircraft; Communism and communist parties; Civil- military relations Geographic Place Names: Dominican Republic; UK Persons as Subjects: Juan Bosch Gavino Principal Correspondents: John Bartlow Martin; Dean Rusk Dates: September 1–20, 1963 0063 Cables, September 21–24, 1963 Descriptive Title: Deterioration of political conditions in Dominican Republic and expectations of military coup Subject Terms: Strikes and lockouts; Civil-military relations; Military government Geographic Place Names: Dominican Republic Persons as Subjects: Juan Bosch Gavino Principal Correspondents: John Bartlow Martin; Dean Rusk Dates: September 21–24, 1963 0115 Cables, September 25, 1963 Descriptive Title: Ouster of Juan Bosch Gavino in Dominican Republic by military coup Subject Terms: Military government; Communism and communist parties Geographic Place Names: Dominican Republic Persons as Subjects: Juan Bosch Gavino; Victor Vinas Roman

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Principal Correspondents: George W. Ball; John Bartlow Martin Dates: September 25, 1963 0170 Cables, September 26–27, 1963 Descriptive Title: Installation of new triumvirate government in Dominican Republic after military coup Subject Terms: Military government; Political parties Geographic Place Names: Dominican Republic Persons as Subjects: Juan Bosch Gavino Principal Correspondents: John Bartlow Martin Dates: September 26–27, 1963 0218 Cables, September 28–29, 1963 Descriptive Title: Installation of new triumvirate government in Dominican Republic after military coup Subject Terms: Diplomatic and consular service; Public opinion; Civil-military relations Geographic Place Names: Dominican Republic Principal Correspondents: John Bartlow Martin Dates: September 28–29, 1963 0247 Cables, September 30–October 7, 1963 Descriptive Title: General political conditions under triumvirate government in Dominican Republic, and U.S. policy options Subject Terms: Political parties; Communism and communist parties Geographic Place Names: Dominican Republic Persons as Subjects: Juan Bosch Gavino Federal Departments and Agencies: CIA Principal Correspondents: George W. Ball; Spencer M. King Dates: September 30–October 7, 1963 0359 Cables, October 8–14, 1963 Descriptive Title: General political conditions under triumvirate government in Dominican Republic, and U.S. policy options Subject Terms: Political parties; Student unrest; Police; Diplomatic and consular service; Elections; Civil-military relations Geographic Place Names: Dominican Republic Persons as Subjects: Juan Bosch Gavino; Juan Casasnovas Garrido Principal Correspondents: Dean Rusk; Spencer M. King; Harry W. Shlaudeman Dates: October 8–14, 1963 0448 Cables, October 15–18, 1963 Descriptive Title: Recognition of triumvirate government and Juan Casasnovas Garrido government in Dominican Republic, and U.S. policy options Subject Terms: Diplomatic and consular service; Civil-military relations; Floods; Helicopters; Disaster relief Geographic Place Names: Dominican Republic Persons as Subjects: Juan Casasnovas Garrido Principal Correspondents: Dean Rusk; Spencer M. King Dates: October 15–18, 1963 0549 Cables, October 19–31, 1963 Descriptive Title: Political impasse between triumvirate government and Juan Casasnovas Garrido government in Dominican Republic, recognition of both, and U.S. policy options Subject Terms: Civil-military relations; Political parties; Diplomatic and consular service; Public demonstrations Geographic Place Names: Dominican Republic Persons as Subjects: Juan Casasnovas Garrido Federal Departments and Agencies: CIA

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Principal Correspondents: Dean Rusk; Spencer M. King; Harry W. Shlaudeman; George W. Ball Dates: October 19–31, 1963 0671 Cables, November 1–7, 1963 Descriptive Title: Arrest and deportation of Juan Casasnovas Garrido, efforts of triumvirate government in Dominican Republic to obtain U.S. recognition, and U.S. policy options Subject Terms: Civil-military relations; Arrest; Deportation; Diplomatic and consular service Geographic Place Names: Dominican Republic Persons as Subjects: Juan Casasnovas Garrido Principal Correspondents: Dean Rusk; Spencer M. King; Harlan P. Bramble Dates: November 1–7, 1963 0727 Cables, November 8–15, 1963 Descriptive Title: General political conditions under Dominican triumvirate government, efforts to obtain recognition, planning for elections, and U.S. analysis of Dominican economy post– September coup Subject Terms: Diplomatic and consular service; Economic development; Elections Geographic Place Names: Dominican Republic Principal Correspondents: Dean Rusk; Harlan P. Bramble; Spencer M. King Dates: November 8–15, 1963 0804 Cables, November 16–22, 1963 Descriptive Title: General political conditions under Dominican triumvirate government and efforts to obtain recognition Subject Terms: Bombs; Diplomatic and consular service Geographic Place Names: Dominican Republic Persons as Subjects: Rafael Filiberto Bonnelly Principal Correspondents: Spencer M. King; George W. Ball Dates: November 16–22, 1963 Dutch Guiana 0841 General, 1961–1963 Descriptive Title: Invitation for President Kennedy to visit Dutch Guiana Geographic Place Names: Dutch Guiana; Netherlands Principal Correspondents: Dean Rusk Dates: 1961–1963 Ecuador 0848 General, January 1961–March 1962 Descriptive Title: U.S.-Ecuador relations, including visits and meetings between leaders, and discussions regarding economic relations and larger hemispheric issues Subject Terms: Foreign economic relations; International relations Geographic Place Names: Ecuador Persons as Subjects: José María Velasco Ibarra; Carlos Julio Arosemena Monroy; Galo Plaza Lasso; Maurice M. Bernbaum Principal Correspondents: John F. Kennedy; Dean Rusk; José María Velasco Ibarra; Maurice M. Bernbaum; Melvin L. Manfull; George W. Ball; Carlos Julio Arosemena Monroy Dates: January 1961–March 1962

Reel 10 Ecuador cont. 0001 General, April–August 1962 Descriptive Title: General political conditions in Ecuador, and visit of Ecuador President Carlos Julio Arosemena Monroy to U.S.

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Subject Terms: Referendum; Communism and communist parties; International relations; Foreign loans; Foreign budgets Geographic Place Names: Ecuador Persons as Subjects: Carlos Julio Arosemena Monroy; Maurice M. Bernbaum; Galo Plaza Lasso Principal Correspondents: Maurice M. Bernbaum; Dean Rusk; Edward S. Little; Spencer M. King; John F. Kennedy Dates: April–August 1962 0122 General, September 1962–April 1963 Descriptive Title: General political conditions in Ecuador, including efforts to oust President Carlos Julio Arosemena Monroy Subject Terms: Congressional-executive relations; Civil-military relations Geographic Place Names: Ecuador Persons as Subjects: Carlos Julio Arosemena Monroy Principal Correspondents: Maurice M. Bernbaum; Carlos Julio Arosemena Monroy; Dean Rusk Dates: September 1962–April 1963 0221 General, May–June 1963 Descriptive Title: Seizure of U.S.-flag tuna boats by Ecuador navy and U.S.-Ecuador efforts to resolve crisis Subject Terms: Tuna; Fishing vessels; Naval vessels; Foreign navies; Searches and seizures; Licenses; Territorial waters; Maritime law Geographic Place Names: Ecuador Persons as Subjects: Carlos Julio Arosemena Monroy Federal Departments and Agencies: CIA Principal Correspondents: Dean Rusk; Alton W. Hemba; Maurice M. Bernbaum Content Notes: CIA report on political instability in Ecuador Dates: May–June 1963 0370 General, July–November 1963 Descriptive Title: Installation and recognition of military junta in Ecuador, general political conditions under new junta government, and establishment of U.S.-Ecuador modus vivendi for U.S. tuna industry in Ecuador waters Subject Terms: Civil-military relations; Military government; Diplomatic and consular service; Tuna; Fish and fishing industry; Territorial waters; Licenses; Fishing vessels Geographic Place Names: Ecuador Persons as Subjects: Naftali Ponce Miranda; Dean Rusk; Ramón Castro Jijón Principal Correspondents: George W. Ball; Alton W. Hemba; Maurice M. Bernbaum; Dean Rusk Dates: July–November 1963 0539 Subjects, Arosemena Visit, July 1962, Briefing Book Descriptive Title: Briefing book for Ecuador President Carlos Julio Arosemena Monroy visit to the United States Subject Terms: Foreign assistance; Economic development; Foreign trade Geographic Place Names: Ecuador Persons as Subjects: Carlos Julio Arosemena Monroy Organization Names: Alliance for Progress Dates: July 1962 El Salvador 0624 General, January–May 1961 Descriptive Title: Establishment of military junta in El Salvador, historical background of El Salvador, and political and economic prospects Subject Terms: Military government; Communism and communist parties; Civil-military relations Geographic Place Names: El Salvador

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Persons as Subjects: Murat W. Williams; José María Lemus Dates: January–May 1961 0650 General, June 1961–December 1962 Descriptive Title: General political conditions in El Salvador, and plan of action for U.S.–El Salvador relations Subject Terms: Communism and communist parties; Foreign trade; International relations; Cuban Missile Crisis Geographic Place Names: El Salvador Persons as Subjects: Julio Adalberto Rivera Carballo; Murat W. Williams Principal Correspondents: Dean Rusk; Murat W. Williams; John F. Kennedy; George W. Ball; Julio Adalberto Rivera Carballo Dates: June 1961–December 1962 0766 General, 1963 Descriptive Title: General political conditions, community development, and communism in El Salvador Subject Terms: Volunteer agencies and workers; Community development; Communism and communist parties; International relations Geographic Place Names: El Salvador Persons as Subjects: Julio Adalberto Rivera Carballo Principal Correspondents: Murat W. Williams; Julio Adalberto Rivera Carballo; John F. Kennedy; Robert M. Phillips; Dean Rusk; Leonard J. Saccio Dates: 1963 Guatemala 0835 General, February 1961–March 1962 and undated Descriptive Title: General political conditions and eventual crisis in Guatemala, and UK-Guatemala discussions about British Honduras Subject Terms: International relations; Colonialism and colonial affairs; Territorial claims; Riots and disorders; Government-citizen relations; Military intervention; Foreign military forces Geographic Place Names: Guatemala; Cuba; UK; British Honduras Persons as Subjects: José Miguel Ramón Ydígoras Fuentes; Fidel Castro Principal Correspondents: John F. Kennedy; Dean Rusk; José Miguel Ramón Ydígoras Fuentes; Melvin L. Manfull; Robert F. Corrigan; John O. Bell; George W. Ball Dates: February 1961–March 1962 and undated

Reel 11 Guatemala cont. 0001 General, April–August 1962 Descriptive Title: General political and economic conditions in Guatemala, visit by Edwin M. Martin to Guatemala, and U.S.–Central America relations Subject Terms: Student unrest; Civil-military relations; Government-citizen relations; Military government; Communism and communist parties; Foreign assistance; Foreign budgets; Sugar and sugar industry; Foreign trade; Political parties; Economic development; International relations Geographic Place Names: Guatemala; Central America Persons as Subjects: José Miguel Ramón Ydígoras Fuentes; Edwin M. Martin Organization Names: Alliance for Progress Principal Correspondents: Dean Rusk; John O. Bell; Robert F. Corrigan; John F. Kennedy; José Miguel Ramón Ydígoras Fuentes Dates: April–August 1962

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0189 General, September–December 1962 Descriptive Title: U.S.–Central America relations, U.S. policy in Guatemala, and general political and economic conditions in Guatemala including attempted coup on Ydígoras government Subject Terms: International relations; Military government; Foreign assistance; Foreign budgets; Economic policy Geographic Place Names: Guatemala; Central America; Cuba Persons as Subjects: José Miguel Ramón Ydígoras Fuentes; Juan José Arévalo Bermejo Principal Correspondents: Dean Rusk; John O. Bell; José Miguel Ramón Ydígoras Fuentes; John F. Kennedy; Robert F. Corrigan Dates: September–December 1962 0335 General, January–March 1963 Descriptive Title: U.S.–Central America relations, and general political conditions in Guatemala leading up to military overthrow of Ydígoras government Subject Terms: International relations; Economic development; Foreign assistance; Elections; Military government; Civil-military relations; Communism and communist parties Geographic Place Names: Guatemala; Central America Persons as Subjects: José Miguel Ramón Ydígoras Fuentes; Juan José Arévalo Bermejo Organization Names: Alliance for Progress Principal Correspondents: John F. Kennedy; José Miguel Ramón Ydígoras Fuentes; Francisco José Orlich Bolmarcich; John O. Bell; Robert F. Corrigan; Dean Rusk Dates: January–March 1963 0480 General, April–July 1963 Descriptive Title: U.S. and international recognition of post-coup Guatemala government, and general political conditions in Guatemala post-coup Subject Terms: Military government; Diplomatic and consular service; International relations; International arbitration; Territorial claims Geographic Place Names: Guatemala; UK; British Honduras Persons as Subjects: José Miguel Ramón Ydígoras Fuentes; Alfredo Enrique Peralta Azurdia Principal Correspondents: John O. Bell; George W. Ball; Dean Rusk Dates: April–July 1963 0632 General, August–November 1963 Descriptive Title: UK-Guatemala dispute over British Honduras, efforts at social progress in Central America, coups in Latin America, and general political and economic conditions in Guatemala Subject Terms: International relations; Territorial claims; Social life; Culture; Community development; Economic policy; Military government; Government-citizen relations Geographic Place Names: Guatemala; UK; British Honduras; Central America; Honduras Persons as Subjects: Alfredo Enrique Peralta Azurdia; Juan José Arévalo Bermejo Principal Correspondents: John O. Bell; Robert F. Corrigan; José Miguel Ramón Ydígoras Fuentes Dates: August–November 1963 Haiti 0778 General, January–June 1962 Descriptive Title: U.S.-Haiti relations, including U.S. assistance to Haiti and worsening relations with François Duvalier Subject Terms: Foreign assistance; Economic policy; Religion-based activities; Folklife and folklore; Foreign loans Geographic Place Names: Haiti Persons as Subjects: François Duvalier Principal Correspondents: John F. Kennedy; Dean Rusk; François Duvalier; Robert Newbegin; Raymond L. Thurston

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Content Notes: Role of voodoo in Haitian politics Dates: January–June 1962

Reel 12 Haiti cont. 0001 General, July–August 1962 Descriptive Title: U.S. assistance to Haiti and leveraging of assistance to influence François Duvalier government, and civil and military opposition to Duvalier Subject Terms: Military assistance; Foreign military forces; Militia; Foreign assistance; Civil-military relations Geographic Place Names: Haiti Persons as Subjects: François Duvalier; Michael Heinl; Raymond L. Thurston; Jean René Boucicaut; Issa El Saieh Principal Correspondents: Raymond L. Thurston; Dean Rusk; Charles William Thomas Dates: July–August 1962 0177 General, September 1962–February 1963 Descriptive Title: U.S. policy in Haiti and assessment of François Duvalier government Subject Terms: Foreign assistance; Economic development; Democratic reform; Military assistance; Foreign military forces; Militia; Foreign loans; Airports and airways; Communism and communist parties; Economic policy Geographic Place Names: Haiti Persons as Subjects: François Duvalier Principal Correspondents: Raymond L. Thurston; Dean Rusk; John F. Kennedy; François Duvalier Dates: September 1962–February 1963 0350 General, March 1–April 15, 1963 Descriptive Title: U.S. and international policy in Haiti, and review of internal opposition to François Duvalier government Subject Terms: International relations; Civil-military relations; Military intervention; Political parties Geographic Place Names: Haiti; Dominican Republic Persons as Subjects: François Duvalier Principal Correspondents: Raymond L. Thurston; Dean Rusk Dates: March 1–April 15, 1963 0443 General, April 16–30, 1963, and undated Descriptive Title: Deteriorating U.S.-Haiti relations, outbreak of violence in Haiti, and Haiti– Dominican Republic relations Subject Terms: Civil-military relations; Military intervention; Foreign military forces; Naval strategy; Naval vessels; Political refugees; Violence; Arrest; International relations; Diplomatic and consular service Geographic Place Names: Haiti; Dominican Republic Persons as Subjects: François Duvalier; Juan Bosch Gavino Principal Correspondents: Raymond L. Thurston; Dean Rusk; Richard Helms; John Bartlow Martin; George W. Ball Dates: April 16–30, 1963, and undated 0648 General, Report and Attachments, April 26, 1963 Descriptive Title: Emergency and evacuation plan for U.S. personnel in Port-au-Prince, Haiti Subject Terms: Protection of government personnel Geographic Place Names: Haiti Content Notes: Nearly all of the report has been withdrawn Dates: April 26, 1963

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0671 General, May 1–6, 1963 Descriptive Title: Deterioration of U.S., Dominican Republic, and international relations with Haiti Subject Terms: International relations; Foreign military forces; Political refugees; Diplomatic and consular service; Military intervention; U.S. citizens abroad Geographic Place Names: Haiti; Dominican Republic Persons as Subjects: François Duvalier; Juan Bosch Gavino Organization Names: OAS Principal Correspondents: Raymond L. Thurston; John Bartlow Martin; George W. Ball; Dean Rusk Dates: May 1–6, 1963 0798 General, May 7–8, 1963 Descriptive Title: Deteriorating Haiti–Dominican Republic relations, and evacuation of U.S. and other foreign nationals from Haiti Subject Terms: International relations; U.S. citizens abroad; Military intervention; Military strategy Geographic Place Names: Haiti; Dominican Republic Persons as Subjects: François Duvalier; Juan Bosch Gavino Organization Names: OAS Principal Correspondents: Raymond L. Thurston; John Bartlow Martin; Dean Rusk Dates: May 7–8, 1963

Reel 13 Haiti cont. 0001 General, May 9–13, 1963 Descriptive Title: UN and OAS involvement in Haiti–Dominican Republic relations, evacuation of U.S. and other foreign nationals from Haiti, and U.S. policy options Subject Terms: U.S. citizens abroad; International relations Geographic Place Names: Haiti; Dominican Republic Persons as Subjects: Juan Bosch Gavino; François Duvalier; René Chalmers Organization Names: UN; OAS Principal Correspondents: Raymond L. Thurston; Adlai E. Stevenson; Dean Rusk Dates: May 9–13, 1963 0142 General, May 14–16, 1963 Descriptive Title: International and U.S. policy options toward Haiti and François Duvalier government, and Haiti–Dominican Republic relations Subject Terms: International relations; Military strategy; Naval vessels Geographic Place Names: Haiti; Dominican Republic Persons as Subjects: François Duvalier Principal Correspondents: Raymond L. Thurston; Dean Rusk; John Bartlow Martin; Daniel Fernández Crespo Dates: May 14–16, 1963 0297 General, May 17–31, 1963 Descriptive Title: Recognition of François Duvalier government in Haiti, and role of U.S. military in Haiti Subject Terms: Diplomatic and consular service; International relations; Military assistance; Military personnel; Foreign military forces; Public debt Geographic Place Names: Haiti Persons as Subjects: François Duvalier Principal Correspondents: Raymond L. Thurston; John Bartlow Martin; Dean Rusk; Edward Glion Curtis Dates: May 17–31, 1963

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0415 General, June 1–July 14, 1963, and undated Descriptive Title: U.S.-Haiti relations, including recall of Ambassador Raymond L. Thurston and Haitian objections to U.S. military assistance personnel in Haiti, and Haiti–Dominican Republic relations Subject Terms: International relations; Diplomatic and consular service; Military assistance; Military personnel; Military forces assessments; Education Geographic Place Names: Haiti; Dominican Republic Persons as Subjects: François Duvalier; Juan Bosch Gavino; Raymond L. Thurston Principal Correspondents: Edward Glion Curtis; Dean Rusk; John Bartlow Martin; George W. Ball Dates: June 1–July 14, 1963, and undated 0575 General, July 15–31, 1963 Descriptive Title: Outbreak of violence in Haiti, Haitian objections to U.S. military assistance personnel in Haiti, and general political and economic conditions in Haiti Subject Terms: Death and dying; Violence; Military assistance; Military personnel Geographic Place Names: Haiti Principal Correspondents: Edward Glion Curtis Dates: July 15–31, 1963 0636 General, August 1–15, 1963 Descriptive Title: Invasion of Haiti by Haitian exiles launched from the Dominican Republic Subject Terms: International relations; Refugees; Insurgency; Foreign trade Geographic Place Names: Haiti; Dominican Republic; USSR Persons as Subjects: François Duvalier; Juan Bosch Gavino; Leon Cantave Organization Names: OAS Principal Correspondents: Edward Glion Curtis; Robert B. Hill; George W. Ball Dates: August 1–15, 1963 0818 General, August 16–September 30, 1963 Descriptive Title: Haitian exile activities against Haiti, Haiti–Dominican Republic relations, and international and U.S. policy toward François Duvalier government Subject Terms: Insurgency; Arms trade; International relations; Refugees; Diplomatic and consular service Geographic Place Names: Haiti; Dominican Republic Persons as Subjects: René Chalmers; François Duvalier; Benson E. L. Timmons III Organization Names: OAS; UN Principal Correspondents: Edward Glion Curtis; Dean Rusk; George W. Ball Dates: August 16–September 30, 1963

Reel 14 Haiti cont. 0001 Subjects, Contingency Planning, February–August 1963 and undated Descriptive Title: U.S. contingency planning for Haiti Subject Terms: Planning; Military strategy; Diplomatic and consular service; Military intervention Geographic Place Names: Haiti Dates: February–August 1963 and undated 0064 Subjects, Contingency Planning, October–November 1963 Descriptive Title: Hurricane Flora relief in Haiti and implications for U.S. assistance policy to Haiti Subject Terms: Hurricanes; Helicopters; Disaster relief; Foreign assistance; Transportation Geographic Place Names: Haiti Persons as Subjects: François Duvalier; Robert Pierpont Organization Names: American Red Cross Principal Correspondents: Edward Glion Curtis; François Duvalier; Dean Rusk Dates: October–November 1963

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Honduras 0197 General, January 1961–November 1962 Descriptive Title: General political and economic conditions in Honduras, and U.S.-Honduras relations, including briefing materials for Honduras President Ramón Villeda Morales visit to Washington Subject Terms: International relations; Law; Land reform Geographic Place Names: Honduras Persons as Subjects: Ramón Villeda Morales Principal Correspondents: John F. Kennedy; Ramón Villeda Morales; Dean Rusk; Charles R. Burrows Dates: January 1961–November 1962 0314 General, December 1962–September 1963 Descriptive Title: Memoranda of conversations between President Kennedy and Honduras President Ramón Villeda Morales during Villeda’s visit to the United States, and possibility of coup in Honduras Subject Terms: Communism and communist parties; Foreign assistance; Land reform; Economic development; Guerrilla warfare; Helicopters; Military assistance; Civil-military relations; Military government Geographic Place Names: Honduras; Cuba; Central America; Swan Islands Persons as Subjects: Ramón Villeda Morales Organization Names: Alliance for Progress Principal Correspondents: Ramón Villeda Morales; Charles R. Burrows; Dean Rusk Dates: December 1962–September 1963 0421 General, October 1–5, 1963 Descriptive Title: Military overthrow of Ramón Villeda Morales in Honduras Subject Terms: Military government; Foreign military forces Geographic Place Names: Honduras Persons as Subjects: Ramón Villeda Morales; Oswaldo López Arellano Principal Correspondents: Charles R. Burrows; John F. Kennedy; George W. Ball Dates: October 1–5, 1963 0494 General, October 6–15, 1963 Descriptive Title: Aftermath of military overthrow of Ramón Villeda Morales in Honduras, and recognition of new military government Subject Terms: Military government; Civil-military relations; Diplomatic and consular service Geographic Place Names: Honduras Persons as Subjects: Oswaldo López Arellano; Ramón Villeda Morales Principal Correspondents: Dean Rusk; Clinton E. Knox; Robert S. McNamara; John F. Kennedy Dates: October 6–15, 1963 0590 General, October 16–31, 1963 Descriptive Title: Aftermath of military overthrow of Ramón Villeda Morales in Honduras, and recognition of new military government Subject Terms: Military government; Diplomatic and consular service; Political parties Geographic Place Names: Honduras Persons as Subjects: Oswaldo López Arellano; Ramón Villeda Morales Principal Correspondents: Clinton E. Knox; Dean Rusk; Leonard J. Saccio; George W. Ball Dates: October 16–31, 1963 0701 General, November 1963 Descriptive Title: International and U.S. recognition of military government in Honduras Subject Terms: Military government; Diplomatic and consular service; Political parties; Elections Geographic Place Names: Honduras Persons as Subjects: Oswaldo López Arellano

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Principal Correspondents: Clinton E. Knox Dates: November 1963 Jamaica 0800 General, January 1961–July 1962 [Folder 1 of 2] Descriptive Title: U.S.-Jamaica relations, including visits by premiers Norman W. Manley and William Alexander Bustamante to U.S. Subject Terms: International relations; Sovereignty; Immigration; Foreign trade; Biographies Geographic Place Names: Jamaica; West Indies; UK Persons as Subjects: Norman W. Manley; William Alexander Bustamante Principal Correspondents: Robert McGregor; Norman W. Manley; Ivan B. White; Dean Rusk Dates: January 1961–July 1962 0862 General, January 1961–July 1962 [Folder 2 of 2] Descriptive Title: U.S.-Jamaica relations, including visit by Jamaica Premier William Alexander Bustamante to U.S. Subject Terms: Foreign assistance; Economic development; Sovereignty Geographic Place Names: Jamaica; UK Persons as Subjects: William Alexander Bustamante Dates: January 1961–July 1962

Reel 15 Jamaica cont. 0001 General, August 1962–May 1963 Descriptive Title: Visit by Vice President Lyndon Baines Johnson to Jamaica, independence preparations in Jamaica, and official establishment of U.S.-Jamaica relations Subject Terms: Sovereignty; Population; Immigration; Statistical data: population; House of Representatives; Bauxite; Passports and visas Geographic Place Names: Jamaica; UK Persons as Subjects: Lyndon Baines Johnson; William Alexander Bustamante Principal Correspondents: M. Gordon Knox; Irving G. Cheslaw; William C. Doherty; William Alexander Bustamante Content Notes: House Judiciary Committee report on population and immigration problems Dates: August 1962–May 1963 0149 General, June–November 1963 Descriptive Title: Visit of Jamaica Prime Minister William Alexander Bustamante to U.S., general political and economic conditions in Jamaica, and U.S. policy in Jamaica Subject Terms: Food assistance; Television; Anniversaries; Foreign assistance; Economic development; Foreign trade; Citrus fruits; Civil aviation; Foreign economic relations Geographic Place Names: Jamaica Persons as Subjects: William Alexander Bustamante Principal Correspondents: William C. Doherty; Boris H. Klosson; Dean Rusk; Neville Ashenheim; William Alexander Bustamante; John F. Kennedy Dates: June–November 1963 0298 President’s Reply to Bustamante, April 30–June 17, 1963 Descriptive Title: Application of quotas and restrictions to immigration from Jamaica to the U.S. Subject Terms: Immigration; Law; Congress Geographic Place Names: Jamaica Persons as Subjects: William Alexander Bustamante Principal Correspondents: John F. Kennedy; William Alexander Bustamante; Robert F. Kennedy; William C. Doherty; Gordon Chase Dates: April 30–June 17, 1963

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Mexico 0354 General, January 1961–May 1962 Descriptive Title: U.S.-Mexico relations, including problem of Colorado River salinity, and general political and economic conditions in Mexico Subject Terms: Economic policy; Foreign economic relations; Colorado River; Water supply and use; Salt; International relations; Foreign investments Geographic Place Names: Mexico; Brazil Persons as Subjects: Adolfo López Mateos; João Goulart Organization Names: Alliance for Progress Principal Correspondents: Thomas C. Mann; Melvin L. Manfull; Dean Rusk; John F. Kennedy Dates: January 1961–May 1962 0530 General, June–September 1962 Descriptive Title: U.S.-Mexico relations, including Chamizal dispute, and general political and economic conditions in Mexico Subject Terms: Colorado River; Water supply and use; Salt; Foreign economic relations; Borders; Territorial claims; Balance of payments; Agricultural labor; Military aircraft Geographic Place Names: Mexico Persons as Subjects: Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia; Adolfo López Mateos Organization Names: Sabalo Transportation Company; Export-Import Bank Principal Correspondents: Thomas C. Mann; Dean Rusk; Harold F. Linder; John F. Kennedy Dates: June–September 1962 0686 General, October 1962–February 1963 Descriptive Title: U.S.-Mexico relations, U.S.–Latin America economic relations, and general political and economic conditions in Mexico Subject Terms: Foreign economic relations; Economic policy; Economic development; Colorado River; Water supply and use; Salt; Diplomatic and consular service; Borders; Territorial claims; Fishing vessels; Searches and seizures; Territorial waters; Naval vessels Geographic Place Names: Mexico Persons as Subjects: Adolfo López Mateos Organization Names: Inter-American Economic and Social Council (IA-ECOSOC); Alliance for Progress Principal Correspondents: Gilbert E. Larsen; Thomas C. Mann; Dean Rusk; John F. Kennedy Dates: October 1962–February 1963 0832 General, March–June 1963 Descriptive Title: U.S.-Mexico relations, including settlement of Chamizal dispute and problem of Colorado River salinity Subject Terms: Borders; Territorial claims; Rio Grande River; Colorado River; Water supply and use; Salt; Treaties and conventions; Expropriation Geographic Place Names: Mexico; El Paso, Texas; Ciudad Juarez, Mexico Persons as Subjects: Adolfo López Mateos Principal Correspondents: Thomas C. Mann; Dean Rusk; Robert W. Adams; John F. Kennedy Dates: March–June 1963

Reel 16 Mexico cont. 0001 General, July–November 1963 Descriptive Title: U.S.-Mexico relations, including settlement of Chamizal dispute, negotiation of civil air agreement, and problem of Colorado River salinity Subject Terms: Borders; Treaties and conventions; Negotiations; Civil aviation; Colorado River; Water supply and use; Salt Geographic Place Names: Mexico

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Persons as Subjects: Adolfo López Mateos Principal Correspondents: Thomas C. Mann; Robert W. Adams; Dean Rusk; John F. Kennedy Dates: July–November 1963 0147 Subjects, Lopez Mateos Correspondence, January 1961–October 1963 Descriptive Title: Correspondence between John F. Kennedy and Mexico President Adolfo López Mateos Subject Terms: Presidential communications and messages Geographic Place Names: Mexico Persons as Subjects: Adolfo López Mateos Principal Correspondents: John F. Kennedy; Adolfo López Mateos Dates: January 1961–October 1963 Nicaragua 0291 General, 1961–1962 Descriptive Title: U.S.-Nicaragua relations, and general political conditions in Nicaragua Subject Terms: International relations; Elections; Foreign economic relations Geographic Place Names: Nicaragua Persons as Subjects: Guillermo Sevilla Sacasa; Luis Somoza Debayle; Teodoro Moscoso; Luis Manuel Debayle Organization Names: Alliance for Progress Principal Correspondents: John F. Kennedy; Luis Somoza Debayle; Guillermo Sevilla Sacasa; Angier Biddle Duke; Aaron S. Brown Dates: 1961–1962 0403 General, 1963 Descriptive Title: Election of René Schick Gutiérrez in Nicaragua, general political and economic conditions in Nicaragua, and Nicaragua-Honduras relations and recognition of Oswaldo López Arellano military government in Honduras Subject Terms: Elections; Foreign economic relations; International relations; Military government; Diplomatic and consular service Geographic Place Names: Nicaragua; Honduras Persons as Subjects: René Schick Gutiérrez; Anastasio Somoza Debayle; Oswaldo López Arellano Principal Correspondents: Aaron S. Brown; Dean Rusk; John F. Kennedy; René Schick Gutiérrez Dates: 1963 Panama 0480 General, January–September 1961 Descriptive Title: U.S.-Panama relations, including Panama desire to renegotiate Panama Canal Treaty Subject Terms: Foreign economic relations; Canals; Treaties and conventions; Negotiations; Sovereignty Geographic Place Names: Panama Persons as Subjects: Roberto Francisco Chiari Remón Principal Correspondents: John F. Kennedy; Roberto Francisco Chiari Remón; Joseph S. Farland; Melvin L. Manfull Dates: January–September 1961 0587 General, The United States and Panama 1933–1949 (Folder 1 of 2) Descriptive Title: State Department study, “The United States and Panama, 1933–1949” Subject Terms: Canals; Treaties and conventions; Foreign trade; Foreign economic relations; Claims; Labor; Post exchanges; Sovereignty; World War II; Neutrality; Civil defense; Military bases, posts, and reservations; Negotiations; Water supply and use; Sewage and wastewater treatment systems; Transportation; Civil-military relations; Aliens; Diplomatic and consular service; Civil aviation Geographic Place Names: Panama

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Persons as Subjects: Arnulfo Arias Madrid Federal Departments and Agencies: Department of State Dates: 1933–1942 0745 General, The United States and Panama 1933–1949 (Folder 2 of 2) Descriptive Title: State Department study, “The United States and Panama, 1933–1949” Subject Terms: Canals; World War II; Civil defense; Censorship; Economic policy; Foreign trade; Rationing; Industrial production; Financial regulation; Vocational education and training; Educational exchanges; Labor; Post exchanges; Military bases, posts, and reservations; Negotiations; Claims, citizen injuries or damages; Public works; Highways; Water supply and use; Sewage and wastewater treatment systems; Civil aviation; Discrimination in employment; Foreign assistance Geographic Place Names: Panama Federal Departments and Agencies: Department of State Dates: 1942–1949 0886 General, October 1961–March 1962 Descriptive Title: General political and economic conditions in Panama under Roberto Francisco Chiari Remón, and U.S.-Panama relations regarding the Canal Zone and the Panama Canal Subject Terms: Foreign economic relations; Canals; Negotiations; Treaties and conventions; Economic development; Foreign budgets; Naval routes Geographic Place Names: Panama Persons as Subjects: Roberto Francisco Chiari Remón Principal Correspondents: Joseph S. Farland; Dean Rusk; John F. Kennedy; William F. Gray; Roberto Francisco Chiari Remón Dates: October 1961–March 1962

Reel 17 Panama cont. 0001 General, April 1962 Descriptive Title: U.S.-Panama relations, including effect of U.S. tax legislation on Panama and possibility of constructing a new sea-level canal Subject Terms: Taxation; Legislation; Foreign economic relations; Canals; Treaties and conventions; Negotiations Geographic Place Names: Panama Principal Correspondents: Melvin L. Manfull; Joseph S. Farland; John F. Kennedy; Roberto Francisco Chiari Remón Dates: April 1962 0078 General, Supporting Studies on Panama Canal and Relations with Panama, March 30, 1962 Descriptive Title: Studies on Panama Canal policy and U.S.-Panama relations, specifically related to the need for a new sea-level canal Subject Terms: Canals; Economic policy; Ships and shipbuilding; Statistics; Freight; Commodities; Foreign trade; Military strategy; Military bases, posts, and reservations; Treaties and conventions; Negotiations; Sovereignty; Construction industry; Nuclear explosives and explosions; Cost-benefit analysis; Army; Navy; Navy yards and naval stations; Air Force Geographic Place Names: Panama Dates: March 30, 1962 0225 General, May 1962 Descriptive Title: U.S.-Panama relations, including possibility of constructing a new sea-level canal and visit of Panama President Roberto Francisco Chiari Remón to U.S. Subject Terms: Canals; Treaties and conventions; Negotiations; Sovereignty; Foreign assistance; Economic development; Taxation; Foreign corporations Geographic Place Names: Panama

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Persons as Subjects: Roberto Francisco Chiari Remón Principal Correspondents: John F. Kennedy; Joseph S. Farland; Dean Rusk; Roberto Francisco Chiari Remón Dates: May 1962 0377 General, June 1962 Descriptive Title: Visit of Panama President Roberto Francisco Chiari Remón to U.S. Subject Terms: Chronologies; Canals; Economic policy; Sovereignty; Negotiations Geographic Place Names: Panama Persons as Subjects: Roberto Francisco Chiari Remón Principal Correspondents: Joseph S. Farland; Dean Rusk; Edward W. Clark; John F. Kennedy; Carl Kaysen; Roberto Francisco Chiari Remón Dates: June 1962 0522 General, Canal Zone Government Review, May 14, 1962 Descriptive Title: Review of U.S. governance of Panama Canal Zone with possible changes to conform to Panamanian requests Subject Terms: Canals Geographic Place Names: Panama Organization Names: Panama Canal Company Principal Correspondents: Robert J. Fleming Jr. Dates: May 14, 1962 0547 General, July–August 1962 Descriptive Title: U.S.-Panama relations, including discussions of Canal Zone points of disagreement such as flying Panamanian flags and criminal and civil jurisdiction over Zone Subject Terms: Treaties and conventions; Canals; Foreign economic relations; Military assistance; Negotiations; Flags; Labor; Sovereignty; Diplomatic and consular service; Jurisdiction; Criminal procedure; Courts; Civil procedure Geographic Place Names: Panama Persons as Subjects: Roberto Francisco Chiari Remón Principal Correspondents: Joseph S. Farland; Dean Rusk; Roberto Francisco Chiari Remón; John F. Kennedy Content Notes: 1955 editorial from the American Journal of International Law entitled, “The Treaty of 1955 Between the United States and Panama” Dates: July–August 1962 0726 General, September–October 1962 Descriptive Title: U.S.-Panama relations, including discussions of Canal Zone points of disagreement, and general political and economic conditions in Panama Subject Terms: Negotiations; Flags; Diplomatic and consular service; Foreign economic relations; Speeches and addresses; Bridges; International relations; Jurisdiction; Criminal procedure Geographic Place Names: Panama Persons as Subjects: Roberto Francisco Chiari Remón Principal Correspondents: Joseph S. Farland; Dean Rusk; Edward W. Clark; John F. Kennedy Content Notes: Text of Panama President Roberto Francisco Chiari Remón’s October 1, 1962, State of the Nation address Dates: September–October 1962 0870 General, November 1962–January 1963 Descriptive Title: U.S.-Panama relations, including discussions of Canal Zone points of disagreement, and U.S. policy options in Panama Subject Terms: Negotiations; Flags; Diplomatic and consular service; Stamps and postage meters; Employment; Labor; Docks and piers Geographic Place Names: Panama

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Principal Correspondents: Joseph S. Farland; Dean Rusk; Roberto Francisco Chiari Remón; John F. Kennedy Dates: November 1962–January 1963

Reel 18 Panama cont. 0001 General, February–April 1963 Descriptive Title: U.S.-Panama relations, including treaty negotiations relating to use of and shipping routes through the Panama Canal, particularly Panamanian desire for sovereignty over Canal Zone Subject Terms: Negotiations; Treaties and conventions; Economic development; Canals; House of Representatives; Ships and shipbuilding; Naval routes; Panama Canal Act of 1912; Sovereignty Geographic Place Names: Panama Principal Correspondents: William H. Brubeck; Roberto Francisco Chiari Remón Dates: February–April 1963 0128 General, May–July 1963 Descriptive Title: U.S.-Panama relations, including treaty negotiations concerning Canal Zone sovereignty and construction of a new sea-level canal Subject Terms: Sovereignty; Canals; Postal service; Harbors and ports; Ships and shipbuilding; Treaties and conventions; Negotiations; Foreign economic relations; Communism and communist parties Geographic Place Names: Panama Organization Names: Alliance for Progress Principal Correspondents: Joseph S. Farland; John F. Kennedy Dates: May–July 1963 0305 General, August–November 1963 Descriptive Title: U.S.-Panama relations, including treaty negotiations concerning Canal Zone sovereignty, and communist influence in Latin America Subject Terms: Foreign economic relations; Presidential elections; Canals; Sovereignty; Harbors and ports; Communism and communist parties; Treaties and conventions; Negotiations; Ships and shipbuilding; Naval routes Geographic Place Names: Panama; USSR Organization Names: Panama Canal Company; Alliance for Progress Principal Correspondents: Roberto Francisco Chiari Remón; John F. Kennedy Dates: August–November 1963 0502 Subjects, Chiari Briefing Book, June 12, 1962 Descriptive Title: U.S.-Panama relations, including Panama President Roberto Francisco Chiari Remón visit to the United States, treaty negotiations concerning Canal Zone sovereignty, and construction of a new sea-level canal Subject Terms: Canals; Sovereignty; Stamps and postage meters; Treaties and conventions; Foreign trade Geographic Place Names: Panama Persons as Subjects: Roberto Francisco Chiari Remón Organization Names: Panama Canal Company; Alliance for Progress Principal Correspondents: Carl Kaysen Dates: June 12, 1962

34 Frame No.

Paraguay 0693 General, 1961–1963 Descriptive Title: U.S.-Paraguay relations, including Cuban and communist influence in Latin America, and U.S. economic assistance Subject Terms: Communism and communist parties; Press; Women; Cuban Missile Crisis; Foreign economic relations Geographic Place Names: Paraguay; Cuba Organization Names: Alliance for Progress Principal Correspondents: Alfredo Stroessner; William P. Snow Dates: 1961–1963 Peru 0854 General, January 1961–February 1962 Descriptive Title: U.S.-Peru relations, including communist influence in Latin America, sugar trade, and Peru President Manuel Prado y Ugarteche visit to the United States Subject Terms: Communism and communist parties; Economic development; Foreign trade; Sugar and sugar industry Geographic Place Names: Peru Persons as Subjects: Manuel Prado y Ugarteche Organization Names: Alliance for Progress Principal Correspondents: Manuel Prado y Ugarteche; John F. Kennedy; Dean Rusk Dates: January 1961–February 1962

Reel 19 Peru cont. 0001 General, March–May 1962. Descriptive Title: U.S.-Peru relations, including Peruvian military opposition to American Popular Revolutionary Alliance political party, and sugar trade Subject Terms: Communism and communist parties; Elections; Military government; Political parties; Tariffs; Sugar and sugar industry; Foreign trade; Revolutions Geographic Place Names: Peru; Cuba Organization Names: American Popular Revolutionary Alliance Principal Correspondents: Manuel Prado y Ugarteche Dates: March–May 1962 0107 General, June 1962 Descriptive Title: U.S.-Peru relations, including delayed Peruvian election results and government instability Subject Terms: Sugar and sugar industry; Foreign trade; Elections; Military government; Democracy; Communism and communist parties; Political parties; Negotiations Geographic Place Names: Peru Persons as Subjects: Manuel A. Odria Organization Names: American Popular Revolutionary Alliance Dates: June 1962 0202 General, July 1–18, 1962 Descriptive Title: U.S.-Peru relations, including sugar trade crisis, contested Peruvian election results and military coup Subject Terms: Sugar and sugar industry; Foreign trade; Political parties; Contested elections; Military government; Negotiations; Revolutions Geographic Place Names: Peru Persons as Subjects: Manuel A. Odria; Manuel Prado y Ugarteche

35 Frame No.

Organization Names: American Popular Revolutionary Alliance Dates: July 1–18, 1962 0325 General, July 19–24, 1962 Descriptive Title: U.S.-Peru relations, and military coup in Peru following a contested election Subject Terms: Military government; Revolutions; Riots and disorders; Contested elections; Sugar and sugar industry; Foreign trade; Communism and communist parties Geographic Place Names: Peru Persons as Subjects: Manuel A. Odria; Manuel Prado y Ugarteche Organization Names: Alliance for Progress Principal Correspondents: Luis Edgardo Llosa Dates: July 19–24, 1962 0482 General, July 25–31, 1962, and undated Descriptive Title: U.S.-Peru relations, and military coup in Peru following a contested election and negotiations for new elections Subject Terms: Elections; Military government; Communism and communist parties; Revolutions; Negotiations; Voting rights Geographic Place Names: Peru Persons as Subjects: Ricardo Perez Godoy Organization Names: American Popular Revolutionary Alliance; OAS Dates: July 25–31, 1962, and undated 0621 General, August 1–14, 1962. Descriptive Title: U.S.-Peru relations, including U.S. recognition of junta interim government, and OAS response to military coup Subject Terms: Military government; Diplomatic and consular service; Revolutions Geographic Place Names: Peru Organization Names: OAS Dates: August 1–14, 1962 0750 General, August 15–December 31, 1962 Descriptive Title: U.S.-Peru relations, junta government-held elections, communist influence in Latin America, and sugar trade Subject Terms: Military government; Sugar and sugar industry; Foreign trade; Communism and communist parties; Elections; Fishing vessels Geographic Place Names: Peru Organization Names: OAS Dates: August 15–December 31, 1962 0873 General, January–May 1963 Descriptive Title: U.S.-Peru relations, military involvement in new Peru elections, nationwide arrests of communists in Peru by junta government, and subversive activities Subject Terms: Communism and communist parties; Military government; Arrest; Elections; Political prisoners; Political parties; Naval vessels; Military assistance; Subversive activities Geographic Place Names: Peru Persons as Subjects: Ricardo Perez Godoy Dates: January–May 1963

Reel 20 Peru cont. 0001 General, June 1963 Descriptive Title: U.S.-Peru relations, and Peru political conditions leading up to 1963 election Subject Terms: Elections; Communism and communist parties; Fraud Geographic Place Names: Peru

36 Frame No.

Principal Correspondents: Ralph A. Dungan; William H. Brubeck; Samuel E. Belk; Dean Rusk Dates: June 1963 0083 General, July–December 1963 Descriptive Title: U.S.-Peru relations, and results of 1963 election Subject Terms: Elections; Strikes and lockouts; Communism and communist parties Geographic Place Names: Peru Persons as Subjects: Fernando Belaunde Terry; George W. Ball; Dean Rusk; Benjamin H. Read Principal Correspondents: William H. Brubeck; Benjamin H. Read; George C. Mitchell Dates: July–December 1963 0184 Subjects, Prado Visit September 1961, Briefing Book Descriptive Title: Briefing materials for Peru President Manuel Prado y Ugarteche visit to the United States Subject Terms: Airlines; Ships and shipbuilding; Merchant marine; Foreign trade; Sugar and sugar industry; Cotton; Petroleum and petroleum industry Geographic Place Names: Peru Persons as Subjects: Manuel Prado y Ugarteche Organization Names: NATO; OAS Dates: September 1961 Puerto Rico 0335 General, January 1961–March 1962 Descriptive Title: U.S.–Puerto Rico relations, including suggested pardon of Pedro Albizu Campos Subject Terms: Pardons Geographic Place Names: Puerto Rico Persons as Subjects: Pedro Albizu Campos Principal Correspondents: Dean Rusk Dates: October 1961 Surinam 0339 General, 1961–1963 Descriptive Title: U.S.-Surinam relations, 1961–1963 Geographic Place Names: Surinam Dates: February 1961 0344 General, 1961–1963 Descriptive Title: U.S.-Surinam relations, 1961–1963 Geographic Place Names: Surinam Principal Correspondents: Walter J. Stoessel Jr. Dates: February 1961 Trinidad & Tobago 0349 General, 1961–1963 [Folder 1 of 2] Descriptive Title: U.S.–Trinidad and Tobago relations, including U.S. response to Hurricane Flora Subject Terms: Foreign assistance; Hurricanes; Foreign trade Geographic Place Names: Trinidad and Tobago Principal Correspondents: William H. Brubeck; William H. Hastie; Dean Rusk; Robert G. Miner Dates: November 1962–October 1963 0485 General, 1961–1963 [Folder 2 of 2] Descriptive Title: U.S.–Trinidad and Tobago relations, including mutual defense agreements and re- establishment of embassy Subject Terms: Treaties and conventions; Diplomatic and consular service Geographic Place Names: Trinidad and Tobago; Jamaica Principal Correspondents: Dean Rusk; William H. Brubeck Dates: February 1961–October 1962

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0571 General, Aid to Trinidad & Tobago, March 15–June 7, 1963 Descriptive Title: U.S.–Trinidad and Tobago relations, including U.S. foreign assistance reports and commitments Subject Terms: Foreign assistance Geographic Place Names: Trinidad and Tobago Principal Correspondents: Robert G. Miner; Fowler Hamilton; McGeorge Bundy; Archibald MacLeish Dates: March–June 1963 Uruguay 0698 General, 1961 Descriptive Title: U.S.-Uruguay relations, 1961 Geographic Place Names: Uruguay Principal Correspondents: Walter J. Stoessel Jr.; Dean Rusk; Lucius D. Battle; John F. Kennedy Dates: 1961 0744 General, 1962 Descriptive Title: U.S.-Uruguay relations, and OAS requests for foreign assistance Subject Terms: Foreign assistance Geographic Place Names: Uruguay Organization Names: OAS Principal Correspondents: Lucius D. Battle; William H. Brubeck; Dean Rusk Dates: 1962 0825 General, 1963 Descriptive Title: U.S.-Uruguay and Uruguay-Cuba relations Subject Terms: Elections; International relations Geographic Place Names: Uruguay; Cuba Principal Correspondents: Dean Rusk; McGeorge Bundy; William H. Brubeck; Daniel Fernández Crespo; Benjamin H. Read Dates: January 1963

Reel 21 Venezuela 0001 General, December 1961–January 1962 Descriptive Title: U.S.-Venezuela relations, December 1961–January 1962 Geographic Place Names: Venezuela Dates: December 1961–January 1962 0005 General, June 1–4, 1962 Descriptive Title: U.S.-Venezuela relations, June 1–4, 1962 Geographic Place Names: Venezuela Content Notes: Most of the documents in this folder have been withdrawn Dates: June 1–4, 1962 0010 General, June 5–30, 1962 Descriptive Title: U.S.-Venezuela relations, including actions taken against Venezuela Communist Party Subject Terms: Communism and communist parties Geographic Place Names: Venezuela Organization Names: Venezuela Communist Party Principal Correspondents: Dean Rusk Dates: June 5–30, 1962

38 Frame No.

0017 General, August 20–31, 1962 Descriptive Title: U.S.-Venezuela relations, August 20–31, 1962 Geographic Place Names: Venezuela Principal Correspondents: William H. Brubeck; Rómulo Betancourt Dates: August 20–31, 1962 0022 General, September 20–October 31, 1962 Descriptive Title: Discussion of possible overthrow of Rómulo Betancourt Subject Terms: Revolutions; Military government; Borders Geographic Place Names: Venezuela; British Guiana Persons as Subjects: Rómulo Betancourt Content Notes: Most of the documents in this folder have been withdrawn or redacted Dates: September 20–October 31, 1962 0045 General, December 1962 Descriptive Title: Discussion of possible overthrow of Rómulo Betancourt Subject Terms: Revolutions; Military government Geographic Place Names: Venezuela Persons as Subjects: Rómulo Betancourt Dates: December 1962 0049 General, January–February 1963 Descriptive Title: U.S.-Venezuela relations, and reports of terrorism and communist party activities in Venezuela Subject Terms: Diplomatic and consular service; Terrorism; Communism and communist parties Geographic Place Names: Venezuela Persons as Subjects: Marcos Perez Jimenez Principal Correspondents: William H. Brubeck; Dean Rusk; John F. Kennedy; Richard B. Howard Dates: January–February 1963 0116 General, Armed Forces and Current Situation, January–February 1963 Descriptive Title: U.S.-Venezuela relations, and terrorism in Venezuela and impact on U.S. citizens abroad Subject Terms: Military intelligence; U.S. citizens abroad; Terrorism Geographic Place Names: Venezuela Dates: January–February 1963 0134 General, March–May 1963 Descriptive Title: U.S.-Venezuela relations, including petroleum exploration and export agreements, and Cuban subversive activities Subject Terms: Petroleum and petroleum industry; Foreign trade; International relations; Subversive activities; Terrorism Geographic Place Names: Venezuela; Cuba Persons as Subjects: Rómulo Betancourt Organization Names: Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación Nacional (FALN) Principal Correspondents: William H. Brubeck; Richard B. Howard; C. Allan Stewart; Dean Rusk; Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr. Dates: March–May 1963 0242 General, June–September 1963 Descriptive Title: U.S.-Venezuela relations, including the extradition of Marcos Perez Jimenez Subject Terms: Terrorism; Subversive activities; Petroleum and petroleum industry; Revolutions; Communism and communist parties; Diplomatic and consular service; Extradition Geographic Place Names: Venezuela Persons as Subjects: Marcos Perez Jimenez Organization Names: FALN

39 Frame No.

Principal Correspondents: C. Allan Stewart; McGeorge Bundy; William H. Brubeck; Rómulo Betancourt; Benjamin H. Read; John F. Kennedy Dates: June–September 1963 0368 General, October–November 1963 Descriptive Title: U.S.-Venezuela relations, terrorist actions before Venezuela election, and revolutions in other Latin American countries Subject Terms: Terrorism; Communism and communist parties; Subversive activities; Civil-military relations; Military assistance; Revolutions; Military government Geographic Place Names: Venezuela; Dominican Republic; Honduras Organization Names: FALN Principal Correspondents: C. Allan Stewart; Dean Rusk; McGeorge Bundy; Benjamin H. Read Dates: October–November 1963 0510 Subjects, Anzoategui Incident (February 1963), February 14–March 13, 1963 Descriptive Title: Mutiny on SS Anzoategui and U.S. military assistance locating ship Subject Terms: Ships and shipbuilding; Mutiny; Terrorism; Military assistance Principal Correspondents: Dean Rusk; John F. Kennedy Dates: February 14–March 13, 1963 0593 Subjects, Betancourt Briefing Book, February 1963, Tabs I, II, and III Descriptive Title: Briefing materials for Venezuela President Rómulo Betancourt visit to the United States Subject Terms: Foreign assistance; Petroleum and petroleum industry; Military assistance; Foreign trade; Extradition; Boundaries Geographic Place Names: Venezuela; Cuba; Chile; Dominican Republic; British Guiana Persons as Subjects: Rómulo Betancourt; Marcos Perez Jimenez Dates: February 1963 0701 Subjects, Betancourt Briefing Book, February 1963, Tabs IV and V Descriptive Title: Biographies of leading personalities in Venezuela Subject Terms: Biographies Geographic Place Names: Venezuela Content Notes: Most of the documents in this folder have been withdrawn or redacted Dates: February 1963 0758 Subjects, Betancourt Visit (February 1963), January 3–March 15, 1963 Descriptive Title: Briefing materials for Venezuela President Rómulo Betancourt visit to the United States Subject Terms: Diplomatic and consular service; Petroleum and petroleum industry; Military assistance Geographic Place Names: Venezuela; Dominican Republic Principal Correspondents: Dean Rusk; C. Allan Stewart; William H. Brubeck Dates: January 3–March 15, 1963 West Indies 0879 General, January 1, 1961–July 30, 1963 Descriptive Title: Proceedings of West Indian Conference Subject Terms: Foreign assistance Geographic Place Names: West Indies Dates: January 1, 1961–July 30, 1963 0888 General, July 31–November 20, 1963 Descriptive Title: U.S. involvement in British Honduras border and sovereignty dispute Subject Terms: Sovereignty; Borders Geographic Place Names: British Honduras Principal Correspondents: Benjamin H. Read Dates: July 31–November 20, 1963

PRINCIPAL CORRESPONDENTS INDEX The following index is a guide to the principal correspondents in this microform publication. The first number after each entry refers to the reel, while the four-digit number following the colon refers to the frame number at which the file containing correspondence by the person begins. Hence, 15: 0832 directs researchers to Frame 0832 of Reel 15. By referring to the Reel Index, which constitutes the initial segment of this guide, the researcher will find topics, within each category, listed in the order in which they appear on the film.

Adams, Robert W. Bundy, McGeorge 15: 0832; 16: 0001 20: 0571, 0825; 21: 0242, 0368 Alessandri Rodríguez, Jorge Burrows, Charles R. 5: 0468, 0693, 0820 14: 0197, 0314, 0421 Arosemena Monroy, Carlos Julio Bustamante, William Alexander 9: 0848; 10: 0122 15: 0001, 0149, 0298 Ashenheim, Neville Cabot, John M. 15: 0149 4: 0398 Ball, George W. Chase, Gordon 1: 0098, 0893; 2: 0160, 0441, 0588; 3: 0364; 7: 0824; 15: 0298 4: 0666; 5: 0693; 6: 0810; 7: 0830, 0908; Cheslaw, Irving G. 8: 0081, 0902; 9: 0115, 0247, 0549, 0804, 15: 0001 0848; 10: 0370, 0650, 0835; 11: 0480; Chiari Remón, Roberto Francisco 12: 0443, 0671; 13: 0415, 0636, 0818; 16: 0480, 0886; 17: 0001, 0225, 0377, 0547, 14: 0421, 0590 0870; 18: 0001, 0305 Battle, Lucius D. Clark, Edward W. 20: 0698, 0744 17: 0377, 0726 Belk, Samuel E. Cole, Charles W. 20: 0001 5: 0439, 0468, 0569, 0693, 0820; 6: 0001 Bell, John O. Corrigan, Robert F. 10: 0835; 11: 0001, 0189, 0335, 0480, 0632 10: 0835; 11: 0001, 0189, 0335, 0632 Bernbaum, Maurice M. Curtis, Edward Glion 9: 0848; 10: 0001, 0122, 0221, 0370 13: 0297, 0415, 0575, 0636, 0818; 14: 0064 Betancourt, Rómulo Dearborn, Henry 21: 0017, 0242 6: 0884 Bonnelly, Rafael Filiberto Doherty, William C. 8: 0663 15: 0001, 0149, 0298 Bowles, Chester Douglas-Home, Alec 7: 0830, 0908 4: 0529, 0666 Bramble, Harlan P. Duke, Angier Biddle 9: 0671, 0727 16: 0291 Brown, Aaron S. Dungan, Ralph A. 16: 0291, 0403 5: 0468; 20: 0001 Brubeck, William H. Duvalier, François 18: 0001; 20: 0001, 0083, 0349, 0485, 0744, 11: 0778; 12: 0177; 14: 0064 0825; 21: 0017, 0049, 0134, 0242, 0758 Echandi Jiménez, Mario Bruce, David K. E. 7: 0234, 0252, 0310 4: 0436, 0454, 0529, 0666, 0789; 5: 0079, 0175

41 Egger, Rowland A. Kennedy, Robert F. 3: 0239, 0364 15: 0298 Farland, Joseph S. King, Spencer M. 16: 0480, 0886; 17: 0001, 0225, 0377, 0547, 8: 0736, 0902; 9: 0247, 0359, 0448, 0549, 0726, 0870; 18: 0128 0671, 0727, 0804; 10: 0001 Fernández Crespo, Daniel Klosson, Boris H. 13: 0142; 20: 0825 15: 0149 Fleming, Robert J., Jr. Knox, Clinton E. 17: 0522 14: 0494, 0590, 0701 Freeman, Fulton Knox, M. Gordon 6: 0554, 0680, 0810, 0884; 7: 0001 15: 0001 Frondizi, Arturo Larsen, Gilbert E. 1: 0001 15: 0686 Gray, William F. Linder, Harold F. 16: 0886 15: 0530 Guido, José María Little, Edward S. 2: 0160, 0350 10: 0001 Hamilton, Fowler Lleras Camargo, Alberto 20: 0571 6: 0554, 0680 Hastie, William H. Llosa, Luis Edgardo 20: 0349 19: 0325 Helms, Richard López Mateos, Adolfo 12: 0443 16: 0147 Hemba, Alton W. Lord Home 8: 0353; 10: 0221, 0370 see Douglas-Home, Alec Hill, John Calvin MacLeish, Archibald 7: 0830, 0908; 8: 0001, 0081, 0176, 0250 20: 0571 Hill, Robert B. Manfull, Melvin L. 13: 0636 1: 0001, 0098; 3: 0239; 4: 0468; 6: 0554; Howard, Richard B. 7: 0252; 9: 0848; 10: 0835; 15: 0354; 21: 0049, 0134 16: 0480; 17: 0001 Hoyt, Henry A. Manley, Norman W. 1: 0260, 0647; 2: 0266 14: 0800 Illia, Arturo Umberto Mann, Thomas C. 2: 0588 15: 0354, 0530, 0686, 0832; 16: 0001 Jagan, Cheddi Martin, John Bartlow 5: 0001, 0079 7: 0701; 8: 0250, 0353, 0470, 0546, 0663, Kaysen, Carl 0736, 0822, 0902; 9: 0001, 0063, 0115, 17: 0377; 18: 0502 0170, 0218; 12: 0443, 0671, 0798; Kennedy, John F. 13: 0142, 0297, 0415 1: 0001; 2: 0160, 0588; 3: 0239, 0364, 0694; McClintock, Robert 4: 0087; 5: 0079, 0693, 0820; 6: 0554, 1: 0260, 0348, 0410, 0539, 0647, 0764, 0893; 0680, 0810; 7: 0001, 0234, 0252, 0281, 2: 0001, 0103, 0160, 0266, 0350, 0441, 0310, 0369, 0424, 0464, 0503, 0536, 0616; 0522, 0588, 0681, 0756, 0819 8: 0663, 0736; 9: 0848; 10: 0001, 0650, McGregor, Robert 0766, 0835; 11: 0001, 0189, 0335, 0778; 14: 0800 12: 0177; 14: 0197, 0421, 0494; 15: 0149, McNamara, Robert S. 0298, 0354, 0530, 0686, 0832; 16: 0001, 14: 0494 0147, 0291, 0403, 0480, 0886; 17: 0001, Melby, Everett K. 0225, 0377, 0547, 0726, 0870; 18: 0128, 4: 0436, 0529, 0666, 0789; 5: 0001, 0079, 0305, 0854; 20: 0698; 21: 0049, 0242, 0175, 0257 0510

42 Miner, Robert G. Salinger, Pierre 20: 0349, 0571 7: 0805 Mitchell, George C. Schick Gutiérrez, René 20: 0083 16: 0403 Murphy, Robert Schlesinger, Arthur M., Jr. 7: 0780 21: 0134 Newbegin, Robert Sevilla Sacasa, Guillermo 11: 0778 16: 0291 Orlich Bolmarcich, Francisco José Shlaudeman, Harry W. 7: 0342, 0369, 0396, 0464, 0503, 0536; 9: 0359, 0549 11: 0335 Snow, William P. Osborne, Melville E. 18: 0693 3: 0477 Somoza Debayle, Luis Paz Estenssoro, Victor 16: 0291 3: 0239, 0364, 0477, 0694; 4: 0001, 0087 Stephansky, Ben S. Perón, Juan 3: 0239, 0364, 0477, 0595, 0694; 4: 0001, 0087 2: 0350 Stevenson, Adlai E. Phillips, Robert M. 4: 0789; 13: 0001 10: 0766 Stevenson, Robert A. Prado y Ugarteche, Manuel 6: 0001 18: 0854; 19: 0001 Stewart, C. Allan Read, Benjamin H. 21: 0134, 0242, 0368, 0758 20: 0083, 0825; 21: 0242, 0368, 0888 Stoessel, Walter J., Jr. Rivera Carballo, Julio Adalberto 20: 0344, 0698 10: 0650, 0766 Stroessner, Alfredo Rubottom, Roy Richard, Jr. 18: 0693 1: 0001, 0098 Stutesman, John H., Jr. Rusk, Dean 3: 0595, 0694; 4: 0001 1: 0001, 0098, 0260, 0410, 0539, 0647, 0764, Telles, Raymond 0893; 2: 0001, 0103, 0160, 0266, 0350, 7: 0252, 0281, 0310, 0342, 0369, 0396, 0424, 0522, 0588, 0681, 0756, 0819; 3: 0239, 0464, 0488, 0503, 0536 0364, 0477, 0595, 0694; 4: 0087, 0421, Thomas, Charles William 0436, 0468, 0529, 0666, 0789; 5: 0175, 12: 0001 0257, 0468, 0569, 0693, 0820; 6: 0001, Thurston, Raymond L. 0554, 0680, 0810, 0884; 7: 0234, 0281, 11: 0778; 12: 0001, 0177, 0350, 0443, 0671, 0342, 0369, 0424, 0536, 0780, 0830, 0908; 0798; 13: 0001, 0142, 0297 8: 0001, 0081, 0176, 0250, 0353, 0470, Valencia, Guillermo Leon 0546, 0663, 0736, 0822, 0902; 9: 0001, 6: 0680, 0810 0063, 0359, 0448, 0549, 0671, 0727, 0841, Velasco Ibarra, José María 0848; 10: 0001, 0122, 0221, 0370, 0650, 9: 0848 0766, 0835; 11: 0001, 0189, 0335, 0480, Villeda Morales, Ramón 0778; 12: 0001, 0177, 0350, 0443, 0671, 7: 0536; 14: 0197, 0314 0798; 13: 0001, 0142, 0297, 0415, 0818; White, Ivan B. 14: 0064, 0197, 0314, 0494, 0590, 0800; 14: 0800 15: 0149, 0354, 0530, 0686, 0832; Williams, Murat W. 16: 0001, 0403, 0886; 17: 0225, 0377, 10: 0650, 0766 0547, 0726, 0870; 18: 0854; 20: 0001, Ydígoras Fuentes, José Miguel Ramón 0335, 0349, 0485, 0698, 0744, 0825; 10: 0835; 11: 0001, 0189, 0335, 0632 21: 0010, 0049, 0134, 0368, 0510, 0758 Yost, Charles W. Saccio, Leonard J. 4: 0789 10: 0766; 14: 0590

SUBJECT INDEX The following index is a guide to the major topics in this microform publication. The first number after each entry refers to the reel, while the four-digit number following the colon refers to the frame number at which the file containing information on the subject begins. Hence, 17: 0547 directs researchers to Frame 0547 of Reel 17. By referring to the Reel Index, which constitutes the initial segment of this guide, the researcher will find topics listed in the order in which they appear on the film. For a list of subject terms that apply to this collection but do not appear in this index, consult the list of Collection Level Terms at the beginning of this guide.

Administration of justice Alemann, Roberto T. courts 17: 0547 2: 0160, 0266 extradition 21: 0242, 0593 Alessandri Rodríguez, Jorge see also Civil procedure 5: 0439, 0468, 0569, 0693, 0820; 6: 0001, 0419 see also Crime and criminals Aliens see also Criminal procedure 16: 0587 Administrative law and procedure Alliance for Progress financial regulation 4: 0001; 16: 0745 1: 0001, 0098, 0260; 2: 0350; 4: 0203, 0338; price regulation 3: 0364, 0477 5: 0468, 0569; 6: 0419, 0884; 10: 0539; rationing 16: 0745 11: 0001, 0335; 14: 0314; 15: 0354, 0686; Aeronautics 16: 0291; 18: 0128, 0305, 0502, 0693, airlines 20: 0184 0854; 19: 0325 airports and airways 12: 0177 Alsogaray, Alvaro Carlos see also Civil aviation 1: 0098, 0647, 0764, 0893; 2: 0001, 0160 Agrarian reform American Popular Revolutionary Alliance see Land reform 19: 0001, 0107, 0202, 0482 Agricultural commodities American Red Cross coffee 6: 0680; 7: 0001 14: 0064 cotton 20: 0184 Amiama Tio, Luis Agricultural finance 8: 0470, 0546 6: 0884 Anniversaries Agricultural labor 15: 0149 15: 0530 Annuities Agricultural quotas and price supports see Foreign economic relations 7: 0001; 8: 0250 Aramburu, Pedro Eugenio Agriculture 2: 0103, 0160 3: 0239 Arbitration Air Force see International arbitration 17: 0078 Arévalo Bermejo, Juan José Aircraft 11: 0189, 0335, 0632 see Military aircraft Argentina Airlines 1: 0001, 0098, 0260, 0348, 0410, 0539, 0647, 20: 0184 0764, 0893; 2: 0001, 0103, 0160, 0266, Airports and airways 0350, 0441, 0522, 0588, 0681, 0756, 0819; 12: 0177 3: 0001, 0037, 0065, 0138 Albizu Campos, Pedro Arias Madrid, Arnulfo 20: 0335 16: 0587

44 Armed services Boucicaut, Jean René 17: 0078 12: 0001 Arms control and disarmament Boundaries 4: 0203 21: 0593 Arms trade see also Borders 13: 0818 Bowles, Chester Army 4: 0468; 6: 0810 17: 0078 Brazil Arosemena Monroy, Carlos Julio 4: 0398, 0411, 0416; 5: 0820; 15: 0354 9: 0848; 10: 0001, 0122, 0221, 0539 Bridges Arrest 17: 0726 3: 0477; 9: 0671; 12: 0443; 19: 0873 British Guiana Aviation accidents and safety 4: 0421, 0436, 0454, 0468, 0529, 0666, 0789; 3: 0595; 6: 0680 5: 0001, 0079, 0175, 0257, 0363; 21: 0022, Balaguer, Joaquín 0593 7: 0614, 0616, 0677, 0830, 0908; 8: 0001, British Honduras 0081, 0176, 0546 10: 0835; 11: 0480, 0632; 21: 0888 Balance of payments Brockway, Fenner 15: 0530 5: 0175 Ball, George W. Budgets 6: 0884; 20: 0083 see Foreign budgets Bauxite Burnham, Linden Forbes Sampson 15: 0001 4: 0666, 0789; 5: 0257 Belaunde Terry, Fernando Bustamante, William Alexander 20: 0083 14: 0800, 0862; 15: 0001, 0149, 0298 Belize Calderón Guardia, Rafael Ángel see British Honduras 15: 0530 Bernbaum, Maurice M. Canada 9: 0848; 10: 0001 5: 0001; 8: 0470 Betancourt, Rómulo Canals 21: 0022, 0045, 0134, 0593 16: 0480, 0587, 0745, 0886; 17: 0001, 0078, Biographies 0225, 0377, 0522, 0547; 18: 0001, 0128, 3: 0065, 0138; 7: 0685; 14: 0800; 21: 0701 0305, 0502 Bittencourt, Clemente Mariani Cantave, Leon 4: 0398, 0411 13: 0636 Bolivia Cargo 3: 0239, 0364, 0477, 0595, 0694, 0840; see Freight 4: 0001, 0087, 0186, 0203, 0276, 0338; Caribbean area 5: 0820 Puerto Rico 20: 0335 Bombs Trinidad and Tobago 20: 0349, 0485, 0571 9: 0804 see also Cuba Bonilla Atiles, Jose Antonio see also Dominican Republic 8: 0353 see also Haiti Bonnelly, Rafael Filiberto see also Jamaica 8: 0250, 0353, 0470, 0546, 0663; 9: 0804 see also West Indies Borders Casasnovas Garrido, Juan 15: 0530, 0686, 0832; 16: 0001; 21: 0022, 0888 7: 0744; 9: 0359, 0448, 0549, 0671 Bosch Gavino, Juan Cassini, Igor 7: 0685, 0701, 0762, 0824; 8: 0546, 0663, 7: 0780, 0805 0736, 0822, 0902; 9: 0001, 0063, 0115, Castro Jijón, Ramón 0170, 0247, 0359; 12: 0443, 0671, 0798; 10: 0370 13: 0001, 0415, 0636

45 Castro, Fidel Civil rights 7: 0396; 10: 0835 discrimination in employment 16: 0745 Catholic Church race relations 5: 0175 8: 0546 racial discrimination 7: 0503 Censorship Civil-military relations 16: 0745 1: 0260, 0410, 0539, 0647, 0764, 0893; Central America 2: 0001, 0160, 0350, 0441, 0522; 3: 0239; El Salvador 10: 0624, 0650, 0766 6: 0884; 7: 0281, 0701, 0830; 8: 0081, general 7: 0281, 0424; 11: 0001, 0189, 0335, 0176, 0250, 0470, 0546, 0663, 0822, 0902; 0632; 14: 0314 9: 0001, 0063, 0218, 0359, 0448, 0549, Nicaragua 16: 0291, 0403 0671; 10: 0122, 0370, 0624; 11: 0001, see also British Honduras 0335; 12: 0001, 0350, 0443; 14: 0314, see also Costa Rica 0494; 16: 0587; 21: 0368 see also Guatemala see also Military government see also Honduras Claims see also Panama citizen injuries or damages 16: 0745 Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) general 16: 0587 3: 0694; 9: 0247, 0549; 10: 0221 see also Territorial claims Chalmers, René Coffee 13: 0001, 0818 6: 0680; 7: 0001 Chamizal dispute Coll Benegas, Carlos see Borders 1: 0260, 0348 Chiari Remón, Roberto Francisco Colleges and universities 16: 0480, 0886; 17: 0225, 0377, 0547, 0726; 3: 0840 18: 0502 Colombia Chile 6: 0554, 0680, 0810, 0884; 7: 0001, 0111 3: 0364, 0694; 4: 0203; 5: 0436, 0439, 0468, Colonialism and colonial affairs 0569, 0693, 0820; 6: 0001, 0090, 0153, 4: 0454, 0529, 0666, 0789; 5: 0257; 10: 0835 0355, 0419; 21: 0593 Colorado River Chronologies 15: 0354, 0530, 0686, 0832; 16: 0001 4: 0203; 5: 0693; 6: 0419; 17: 0377 COMIBOL CIA see Corporación Minera de Bolivia see Central Intelligence Agency Commercial law Citizens licenses 10: 0221, 0370 see U.S. citizens abroad maritime law 10: 0221 Citrus fruits see also Contracts 15: 0149 Commissaries Ciudad Juarez, Mexico see Post exchanges 15: 0832 Commodities Civil aviation agricultural 6: 0680; 7: 0001; 20: 0184 15: 0149; 16: 0001, 0587, 0745 general 17: 0078 Civil defense Communications 16: 0587, 0745 3: 0477 Civil liberties see also Public demonstrations general 7: 0830 see also Speeches and addresses right of property 8: 0822 Communism and communist parties voting rights 19: 0482 3: 0694; 4: 0276; 5: 0363; 7: 0696, 0824, 0830; see also Civil rights 8: 0736, 0822, 0902; 9: 0001, 0115, 0247; Civil procedure 10: 0001, 0624, 0650, 0766; 11: 0001, claims 16: 0587, 0745 0335; 12: 0177; 14: 0314; 18: 0128, 0305, general 17: 0547 0693, 0854; 19: 0001, 0107, 0325, 0482,

46 0750, 0873; 20: 0001, 0083; 21: 0010, Cuba 0049, 0242, 0368 1: 0260; 3: 0001, 0138; 4: 0203; 5: 0820; Community action programs 6: 0554, 0680; 7: 0396, 0424, 0580; 3: 0694 10: 0835; 11: 0189; 14: 0314; 18: 0693; Community development 19: 0001; 20: 0825; 21: 0134, 0593 10: 0766; 11: 0632 Cuban Missile Crisis Congress 3: 0477; 10: 0650; 18: 0693 general 15: 0298 Culture House of Representatives 15: 0001; 18: 0001 general 11: 0632 Congressional-executive relations folklife 11: 0778 10: 0122 planning 14: 0001 Constitutional conventions volunteer agencies and workers 10: 0766 5: 0257 see also Labor unions Constitutional law da Silva Quadros, Jânio see Civil liberties 4: 0398 see Civil-military relations Death and dying Construction industry 8: 0663; 13: 0575 3: 0239; 17: 0078 Debayle, Luis Manuel Contested elections 16: 0291 1: 0410, 0539; 19: 0202, 0325 Debt Contracts see Foreign debts 2: 0588, 0681, 0756, 0819 see Public debt Corporación Minera de Bolivia (COMIBOL) Deeds and conveyances 4: 0001, 0203, 0338 2: 0350 Corporations del Carril, Bonifacio National Broadcasting Company 5: 0363 2: 0001 Panama Canal Company 17: 0522; 18: 0305, Democracy 0502 1: 0539; 3: 0477; 7: 0281, 0762; 19: 0107 Sabalo Transportation Company 15: 0530 Democratic reform South Puerto Rico Sugar Company 8: 0736 7: 0830, 0908; 8: 0663; 12: 0177 see also Foreign corporations Department of State Costa Rica 16: 0587, 0745 7: 0234, 0252, 0281, 0310, 0342, 0369, 0396, see also Diplomatic and consular service 0424, 0464, 0488, 0503, 0536 Deportation Cost-benefit analysis 9: 0671 17: 0078 Developing countries Cotton 6: 0810 20: 0184 Dictatorship Courts see Military government 17: 0547 Diplomatic and consular service Crime and criminals embassy security 3: 0694 fraud 20: 0001 general 5: 0820; 7: 0234; 9: 0218, 0359, 0448, mutiny 21: 0510 0549, 0671, 0727, 0804; 10: 0370; see also Terrorism 11: 0480; 12: 0443, 0671; 13: 0297, 0415, see also Violence 0818; 14: 0001, 0494, 0590, 0701; Criminal procedure 15: 0686; 16: 0403, 0587; 17: 0547, 0726, general 17: 0547, 0726 0870; 19: 0621; 20: 0485; 21: 0049, 0242, pardons 20: 0335 0758 searches and seizures 10: 0221; 15: 0686 see also Arrest

47 Disasters 0778; 12: 0177; 15: 0354, 0686; 16: 0745; floods 9: 0448 17: 0078, 0377 hurricanes 14: 0064; 20: 0349 Ecuador relief 9: 0448; 14: 0064 9: 0848; 10: 0001, 0122, 0221, 0370, 0539 Discrimination in employment Education 16: 0745 colleges and universities 3: 0840 Diseases general 3: 0239; 13: 0415 see Foot-and-mouth disease students 3: 0840 Docks and piers vocational 16: 0745 17: 0870 Educational exchanges Dominican Republic 16: 0745 7: 0580, 0614, 0616, 0677, 0685, 0688, 0696, Egger, Rowland A. 0701, 0744, 0762, 0780, 0805, 0824, 0830, 3: 0239 0908; 8: 0001, 0081, 0176, 0250, 0353, El Paso, Texas 0470, 0546, 0663, 0736, 0822, 0902; 15: 0832 9: 0001, 0063, 0115, 0170, 0218, 0247, El Saieh, Issa 0359, 0448, 0549, 0671, 0727, 0804; 12: 0001 12: 0350, 0443, 0671, 0798; 13: 0001, El Salvador 0142, 0415, 0636, 0818; 21: 0368, 0593, 10: 0624, 0650, 0766 0758 Elections Donato del Carril, Emilio general 2: 0350, 0441, 0522, 0588, 0681; 1: 0539 3: 0477; 4: 0421, 0436, 0529; 5: 0257; Douglas, William O. 6: 0001, 0090, 0153, 0355, 0680; 8: 0353, 8: 0663 0470, 0546; 9: 0359, 0727; 11: 0335; Dubois, Jules 14: 0701; 16: 0291, 0403; 19: 0001, 0107, 7: 0824 0482, 0750, 0873; 20: 0001, 0083, 0825 Dungan, Ralph A. presidential 7: 0310; 18: 0305 4: 0001 referendum 10: 0001 Dutch Guiana see also Contested elections 9: 0841 Embassy security see also Surinam 3: 0694 Duvalier, François Employment 11: 0778; 12: 0001, 0177, 0350, 0443, 0671, agricultural labor 15: 0530 0798; 13: 0001, 0142, 0297, 0415, 0636, discrimination 16: 0745 0818; 14: 0064 general 17: 0870 Echandi Jiménez, Mario see also Labor 7: 0252, 0281, 0310 see also Labor unions Economic assistance Escalante Duran, Manuel G. see Foreign assistance 7: 0234 Economic development Espaillat, Arturo R. developing countries 6: 0810 8: 0470 general 1: 0001, 0098; 2: 0160, 0266, 0522; Espionage 3: 0065, 0138, 0239, 0364, 0595, 0840; 8: 0470 4: 0001, 0529, 0666, 0789; 5: 0079, 0363, Exequatur 0820; 6: 0419, 0884; 7: 0111, 0503; see Diplomatic and consular service 8: 0736; 9: 0727; 10: 0539; 11: 0001, 0335; Exiles 12: 0177; 14: 0314, 0862; 15: 0149, 0686; see Refugees 16: 0886; 17: 0225; 18: 0001, 0854 Explosives rural 3: 0840; 6: 0810 bombs 9: 0804 Economic policy nuclear 17: 0078 1: 0764; 2: 0160, 0266, 0522; 3: 0840; 4: 0398; Export-Import Bank 5: 0468; 6: 0884; 7: 0252; 11: 0189, 0632, 15: 0530

48 Expropriation general 2: 0681, 0756, 0819; 17: 0225 15: 0832 Yacimientos Petrolíferos Fiscales 2: 0819 Extradition Foreign debts 21: 0242, 0593 6: 0810 FALN Foreign economic relations see Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación Nacional expropriation 15: 0832 Federal independent agencies general 1: 0001, 0348, 0764, 0893; 2: 0266, Export-Import Bank 15: 0530 0350, 0441, 0522, 0819; 3: 0595; 4: 0338; see also Central Intelligence Agency 5: 0569, 0820; 6: 0001, 0884; 9: 0848; Finance 15: 0149, 0354, 0530, 0686; 16: 0291, agricultural 6: 0884 0403, 0480, 0587, 0886; 17: 0001, 0547, regulation 4: 0001; 16: 0745 0726; 18: 0128, 0305, 0693 see also Prices Foreign exchange Fish and fishing industry 5: 0439, 0468, 0569; 6: 0884 10: 0370, 0221 Foreign investments Fishing vessels 5: 0820; 6: 0419; 15: 0354 10: 0221, 0370; 15: 0686; 19: 0750 Foreign loans Flags 10: 0001; 11: 0778; 12: 0177 17: 0547, 0726, 0870 Foreign military forces Floods general 1: 0893; 2: 0001, 0441, 0588; 3: 0840; 9: 0448 10: 0835; 12: 0001, 0177, 0443, 0671; Folklife and folklore 13: 0297; 14: 0421 11: 0778 military forces assessments 13: 0415 Food assistance Foreign navies 15: 0149 10: 0221 Food industry Foreign trade assistance 15: 0149 arms 13: 0818 fish and fishing industry 10: 0221, 0370 balance of payments 15: 0530 livestock and livestock industry 1: 0348 general 2: 0588; 3: 0001, 0037, 0096, 0138; supply 5: 0079 5: 0820; 6: 0680; 7: 0111, 0310, 0908; see also Meat and meat products 10: 0539, 0650; 11: 0001; 13: 0636; see also Sugar and sugar industry 14: 0800; 15: 0149; 16: 0587, 0745; Food supply 17: 0078; 18: 0502, 0854; 19: 0001, 0107, 5: 0079 0202, 0325, 0750; 20: 0184, 0349; Foot-and-mouth disease 21: 0134, 0593 1: 0260, 0348 tariffs 19: 0001 Foreign assistance Fraser, Hugh 1: 0001, 0098, 0260, 0647; 2: 0160; 3: 0037, 4: 0666 0138, 0239, 0364, 0595, 0840; 4: 0203, Fraud 0338, 0398, 0411, 0468, 0529, 0666, 0789; 20: 0001 5: 0079, 0363, 0468, 0569, 0820; 6: 0419, Freeman, Fulton 0884; 7: 0111, 0464; 8: 0250, 0353, 0736, 7: 0001 0822; 10: 0539; 11: 0001, 0189, 0335, Frei Montalva, Eduardo 0778; 12: 0001, 0177; 14: 0064, 0314, 5: 0468 0862; 15: 0149; 16: 0745; 17: 0225; Freight 20: 0349, 0571, 0744; 21: 0593, 0879 17: 0078 Foreign budgets Frigerio, Rogelio 3: 0595; 10: 0001; 11: 0001, 0189; 16: 0886 1: 0410 Foreign Commerce Weekly (journal) Frondizi, Arturo 3: 0096 1: 0001, 0098, 0260, 0348, 0410, 0539, 0647; Foreign corporations 3: 0001, 0037, 0065, 0138 COMIBOL 4: 0001, 0203, 0338

49 Frost, Robert Hurricanes 8: 0663 14: 0064; 20: 0349 Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación Nacional Illia, Arturo Umberto (FALN) 2: 0588, 0681, 0756, 0819 21: 0134, 0242, 0368 Imbert Barerra, Antonio Gomez Martinez, Fernando 8: 0470, 0546 7: 0001 IMF Goodwin, Richard N. see International Monetary Fund 5: 0468 Immigration Goulart, João aliens 16: 0587 5: 0820; 15: 0354 deportation 9: 0671 Government reorganization general 14: 0800; 15: 0001, 0298 1: 0410 passports and visas 15: 0001 Government-citizen relations see also Refugees 3: 0477; 4: 0276; 7: 0701; 10: 0835; 11: 0001, Inaugurations 0632 see Presidential inaugurations Guatemala Independence 7: 0424; 10: 0835; 11: 0001, 0189, 0335, 0480, see Sovereignty 0632 Indians Guerrilla warfare 3: 0840 14: 0314 Industrial production Guido, José María 16: 0745 1: 0410, 0539, 0647, 0893; 2: 0001, 0160, 0441 Insurgency Gumucio Reyes, Alfonso general 13: 0636, 0818 4: 0001 guerrilla warfare 14: 0314 Gutierrez Olivos, Sergio see also Revolutions 5: 0820 Intelligence services Guyana espionage 8: 0470 see British Guiana military 21: 0116 Haiti see also Central Intelligence Agency 8: 0902; 11: 0778; 12: 0001, 0177, 0350, 0443, Inter-American Economic and Social Council 0648, 0671, 0798; 13: 0001, 0142, 0297, (IA-ECOSOC) 0415, 0575, 0636, 0818; 14: 0001, 0064 15: 0686 Harbors and ports International agencies 3: 0364; 4: 0203; 18: 0128, 0305 Inter-American Economic and Social Council Harriman, W. Averell 15: 0686 2: 0819 see also Alliance for Progress Heinl, Michael see also Organization of American States 12: 0001 see also United Nations Helicopters International arbitration 9: 0448; 14: 0064, 0314 11: 0480 Highways International law bridges 17: 0726 arbitration 11: 0480 general 3: 0239; 16: 0745 extradition 21: 0242, 0593 Honduras passports and visas 15: 0001 7: 0536; 11: 0632; 14: 0197, 0314, 0421, 0494, sanctions 7: 0908; 8: 0081 0590, 0701; 16: 0403; 21: 0368 see also Sovereignty House of Representatives International Monetary Fund (IMF) 15: 0001; 18: 0001 2: 0266, 0350, 0441; 5: 0468, 0569 Hughes, Thomas L. 7: 0762

50 International relations Law 1: 0098, 0260; 3: 0364, 0477, 0595; 4: 0338, general 8: 0822; 14: 0197; 15: 0298 0421, 0436, 0454, 0468, 0529, 0666, 0789; jurisdiction 17: 0547, 0726 5: 0001, 0175, 0257, 0436, 0820; 6: 0554, Panama Canal Act of 1912 18: 0001 0680; 7: 0342, 0369, 0396, 0424, 0503, see also Administrative law and procedure 0908; 8: 0001, 0081, 0902; 9: 0848; see also Commercial law 10: 0001, 0650, 0766, 0835; 11: 0001, see also International law 0189, 0335, 0480, 0632; 12: 0350, 0443, Legislation 0671, 0798; 13: 0001, 0142, 0297, 0415, 8: 0250; 17: 0001 0636, 0818; 14: 0197, 0800; 15: 0354; Lemus, José María 16: 0291, 0403; 17: 0726; 20: 0825; 10: 0624 21: 0134 Licenses International sanctions 10: 0221, 0370 7: 0908; 8: 0081 Livestock and livestock industry Investments 1: 0348 see Foreign investments Lleras Camargo, Alberto Iron and steel industry 6: 0554, 0680, 0810 3: 0037, 0138 Loans Jagan, Cheddi see Foreign loans 4: 0421, 0436, 0454, 0468, 0529, 0666, 0789; López Arellano, Oswaldo 5: 0001, 0079, 0175, 0257, 0363 14: 0421, 0494, 0590, 0701; 16: 0403 Jagan, Janet López Mateos, Adolfo 5: 0001 15: 0354, 0530, 0686, 0832; 16: 0001, 0147 Jamaica MacKenna, Luis 14: 0800, 0862; 15: 0001, 0149, 0298; 20: 0485 5: 0468 Johnson, Lyndon Baines Manley, Norman W. 8: 0663; 15: 0001 14: 0800 Johnson, U. Alexis Maritime law 5: 0363 10: 0221 Junta Martin, Edwin M. see Military government 8: 0353; 11: 0001 Jurisdiction Martínez de Hoz, José Alfredo 17: 0547, 0726 2: 0441, 0522 see also Territorial claims Martinez Sotomayor, Carlos Justice 5: 0439 see Administration of justice Mass media Korean War press 5: 0001; 18: 0693 6: 0810 see also Public opinion Labor Meat and meat products 16: 0587, 0745; 17: 0547, 0870 1: 0348, 0764; 2: 0588; 3: 0001 Labor unions Méndez Delfino, Eustaquio 3: 0840; 4: 0001; 5: 0001, 0079 2: 0160, 0266 see also Strikes and lockouts Merchant marine Labor-management relations 20: 0184 4: 0001 Metals and metal industries Labour Party (United Kingdom) iron and steel industry 3: 0037, 0138 5: 0175 tin 3: 0364, 0477; 4: 0203 Land reform Mexico 14: 0197, 0314 15: 0354, 0530, 0686, 0832; 16: 0001, 0147 Lansdale, Edward 3: 0694

51 Military aircraft National Broadcasting Company general 6: 0001; 7: 0488; 9: 0001; 15: 0530 5: 0363 helicopters 9: 0448; 14: 0064, 0314 NATO Military assistance see North Atlantic Treaty Organization 2: 0588; 5: 0693, 0820; 9: 0001; 12: 0001, Naval routes 0177; 13: 0297, 0415, 0575; 14: 0314; 16: 0886; 18: 0001, 0305 17: 0547; 19: 0873; 21: 0368, 0510, 0593, Naval strategy 0758 12: 0443 Military bases, posts, and reservations Naval vessels general 16: 0587, 0745; 17: 0078 8: 0001; 10: 0221; 12: 0443; 13: 0142; navy yards and naval stations 17: 0078 15: 0686; 19: 0873 post exchanges 16: 0587, 0745 Navy Military forces assessments 17: 0078 13: 0415 Navy yards and naval stations Military government 17: 0078 1: 0410, 0539, 0647, 0893; 4: 0338; 7: 0281, Negotiations 0536, 0701, 0744, 0762, 0830; 8: 0001, 5: 0257; 8: 0081; 16: 0001, 0480, 0587, 0745, 0081, 0176; 9: 0063, 0115, 0170; 10: 0370, 0886; 17: 0001, 0078, 0225, 0377, 0547, 0624; 11: 0001, 0189, 0335, 0480, 0632; 0726, 0870; 18: 0001, 0128, 0305; 14: 0314, 0421, 0494, 0590, 0701; 19: 0107, 0202, 0482 16: 0403; 19: 0001, 0107, 0202, 0325, see also Treaties and conventions 0482, 0621, 0750, 0873; 21: 0022, 0045, Netherlands 0368 9: 0841 Military intelligence Neutrality 21: 0116 16: 0587 Military intervention New York Times 8: 0001; 10: 0835; 12: 0350, 0443, 0671, 0798; 7: 0805 14: 0001 Nicaragua Military personnel 16: 0291, 0403 13: 0297, 0415, 0575 North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Military strategy 20: 0184 general 12: 0798; 13: 0142; 14: 0001; 17: 0078 Nuclear explosives and explosions naval 12: 0443 17: 0078 Militia OAS 3: 0840; 12: 0001, 0177 see Organization of American States Mines and mining Odria, Manuel A. 3: 0694; 4: 0001, 0203, 0338 19: 0107, 0202, 0325 Moscoso, Teodoro Oduber Quirós, Daniel 4: 0001; 5: 0468; 6: 0884; 16: 0291 7: 0424 Movimiento Nacionalista Revolucionario Onganía, Juan Carlos (MNR) 2: 0350, 0441 4: 0276 Organization of American States (OAS) Mugica, Adolfo 3: 0364, 0477; 6: 0554, 0680; 7: 0830, 0908; 1: 0098 8: 0001, 0081; 12: 0671, 0798; 13: 0001, Muller, Walter 0636, 0818; 19: 0482, 0621, 0750; 5: 0820 20: 0184, 0744 Muniz, Carlos Manuel Orlich Bolmarcich, Francisco José 2: 0103, 0160, 0266, 0350 7: 0281, 0310, 0342, 0369, 0396, 0536 Murphy, Robert Pacific Ocean 7: 0780, 0805 3: 0364 Mutiny 21: 0510

52 Panama see also Communism and communist parties 16: 0480, 0587, 0745, 0886; 17: 0001, 0078, Political prisoners 0225, 0377, 0522, 0547, 0726, 0870; 1: 0647; 19: 0873 18: 0001, 0128, 0305, 0502 Political refugees Panama Canal Act of 1912 12: 0443, 0671 18: 0001 Ponce Miranda, Naftali Panama Canal Company 10: 0370 17: 0522; 18: 0305, 0502 Population Paraguay 6: 0355; 15: 0001 18: 0693 Post exchanges Pardons 16: 0587, 0745 20: 0335 Postal service Passports and visas general 18: 0128 15: 0001 stamps and postage meters 17: 0870; 18: 0502 Paz Estenssoro, Victor Prado y Ugarteche, Manuel 3: 0477, 0694; 4: 0001, 0087, 0186, 0203, 18: 0854; 19: 0202, 0325; 20: 0184 0276, 0338 Presidential communications and messages Peralta Azurdia, Alfredo Enrique 4: 0276; 6: 0419; 16: 0147 11: 0480, 0632 Presidential elections Perette, Carlos Humberto 7: 0310; 18: 0305 2: 0819 Presidential inaugurations Perez Godoy, Ricardo 6: 0810; 8: 0663 19: 0482, 0873 Presidential powers Perez Jimenez, Marcos 6: 0810 21: 0049, 0242, 0593 President’s Science Advisory Committee Personal property 1: 0348 8: 0822 Press Peru 5: 0001; 18: 0693 18: 0854; 19: 0001, 0107, 0202, 0325, 0482, Prices 0621, 0750, 0873; 20: 0001, 0083, 0184 agricultural quotas and price supports 7: 0001; Petroleum and petroleum industry 8: 0250 2: 0588, 0681, 0756, 0819; 5: 0079; 20: 0184; general 6: 0680 21: 0134, 0242, 0593, 0758 regulation 3: 0364, 0477 Pierpont, Robert Prisoners 14: 0064 see Political prisoners Planning Property 14: 0001 expropriation 15: 0832 Plaza Lasso, Galo personal 8: 0822 9: 0848; 10: 0001 right of 8: 0822 Police Protection of government personnel 3: 0840; 7: 0830; 9: 0359 12: 0648 Political parties Public debt general 2: 0441, 0522; 3: 0477, 0840; 4: 0529, 13: 0297 0666; 5: 0257; 6: 0001, 0090, 0153, 0355; Public demonstrations 7: 0111, 0701, 0744, 0908; 8: 0081, 0353, general 9: 0549 0470, 0546, 0663; 9: 0170, 0247, 0359, student unrest 9: 0359; 11: 0001 0549; 11: 0001; 12: 0350; 14: 0590, 0701; see also Riots and disorders 19: 0001, 0107, 0202, 0873 Public opinion Labour Party (UK) 5: 0175 general 6: 0090, 0153; 9: 0218 Venezuela Communist Party 21: 0010 surveys and questionnaires 6: 0090, 0153 see also American Popular Revolutionary Alliance

53 Public utilities Rusk, Dean sewage and wastewater treatment systems 10: 0370; 20: 0083 16: 0587, 0745 Sabalo Transportation Company see also Water supply and use 15: 0530 Public works Salt 16: 0745 15: 0354, 0530, 0686, 0832; 16: 0001 Puerto Rico Sanchez de Lozada, Enrique 20: 0335 3: 0694 Race relations Sanctions 5: 0175 see International sanctions Racial discrimination Sandys, Duncan 7: 0503 5: 0257 Rationing Sanz de Santamaria, Carlos 16: 0745 6: 0884 Read, Benjamin H. Schick Gutiérrez, René 20: 0083 16: 0403 Recognition Science and technology see Diplomatic and consular service 1: 0348, 0764 Referendum Searches and seizures 10: 0001 10: 0221; 15: 0686 Refugees Sevilla Sacasa, Guillermo general 13: 0636, 0818 16: 0291 political 12: 0443, 0671 Sewage and wastewater treatment systems Religion-based activities 16: 0587, 0745 11: 0778 Ships and shipbuilding Rescue operations docks and piers 17: 0870 3: 0595; 6: 0680 general 17: 0078; 18: 0001, 0128, 0305; Revolutions 20: 0184; 21: 0510 2: 0441; 3: 0840; 4: 0276; 7: 0536, 0580; merchant marine 20: 0184 19: 0001, 0202, 0325, 0482, 0621; navy yards and naval stations 17: 0078 21: 0022, 0045, 0242, 0368 see also Fishing vessels see also Insurgency see also Naval vessels Right of property Social life 8: 0822 11: 0632 Rio Grande River Somoza Debayle, Anastasio 15: 0832 16: 0403 Riots and disorders Somoza Debayle, Luis 4: 0529, 0666; 7: 0396, 0830; 8: 0250; 16: 0291 10: 0835; 19: 0325 South America Rivera Carballo, Julio Adalberto Paraguay 18: 0693 10: 0650, 0766 Surinam 20: 0339, 0344 Rivers and waterways Uruguay 20: 0698, 0744, 0825 general 3: 0364, 0694; 4: 0203 see also Argentina Rio Grande River 15: 0832 see also Bolivia see also Colorado River see also Brazil Rodriguez Echavarria, Pedro Ramon see also British Guiana 8: 0081, 0176 see also Chile Ruiz Novoa, Alberto see also Colombia 6: 0884 see also Ecuador Rural development see also Peru 3: 0840; 6: 0810 see also Venezuela

54 South Puerto Rico Sugar Company Territorial waters 8: 0736 10: 0221, 0370; 15: 0686 Sovereignty Terrorism 4: 0529, 0666, 0789; 5: 0257, 0363; 14: 0800, 21: 0049, 0116, 0134, 0242, 0368, 0510 0862; 15: 0001; 16: 0480, 0587; 17: 0078, Texas 0225, 0377, 0547; 18: 0001, 0128, 0305, El Paso 15: 0832 0502; 21: 0888 Thurston, Raymond L. Speeches and addresses 12: 0001; 13: 0415 general 4: 0468; 5: 0001; 17: 0726 Timmons, Benson E. L., III presidential communications and messages 13: 0818 4: 0276; 6: 0419; 16: 0147 Tin Stamps and postage meters 3: 0364, 0477; 4: 0203 17: 0870; 18: 0502 Transportation Statistical data freight 17: 0078 foreign countries-general 3: 0595, 0840; general 14: 0064; 16: 0587 6: 0090, 0153, 0355; 7: 0503 highways 3: 0239; 16: 0745; 17: 0726 population 15: 0001 see also Ships and shipbuilding Statistics Travel 17: 0078 4: 0203 Strikes and lockouts Treaties and conventions 3: 0694; 4: 0529; 5: 0001, 0079, 0175; 9: 0063; 15: 0832; 16: 0001, 0480, 0587, 0886; 20: 0083 17: 0001, 0078, 0225, 0547; 18: 0001, Student unrest 0128, 0305, 0502; 20: 0485 9: 0359; 11: 0001 Trinidad and Tobago Students 20: 0349, 0485, 0571 3: 0840 Trujillo Martínez, Rafael Leónidas “Ramfis” Subversive activities 7: 0830, 0908; 8: 0001 4: 0203; 19: 0873; 21: 0134, 0242, 0368 Trujillo Molina, Héctor Bienvenido Sugar and sugar industry 8: 0001 7: 0310; 8: 0250, 0736; 11: 0001; 18: 0854; Trujillo Molina, José Arismendi 19: 0001, 0107, 0202, 0325, 0750; 8: 0001 20: 0184 Trujillo Molina, Rafael Leónidas Surinam 7: 0580, 0780 20: 0339, 0344 Tuna see also Dutch Guiana 10: 0221, 0370 Surveys and questionnaires Turbay Ayala, Julio César 6: 0090, 0153 6: 0554 Swan Islands U.S. citizens abroad 14: 0314 12: 0671, 0798; 13: 0001; 21: 0116 Szulc, Tad UCN 7: 0805 see Union Civica Nacional Tariffs UK 19: 0001 see United Kingdom Taxation UN 17: 0001, 0225 see United Nations Television Underground movements 5: 0363; 15: 0149 3: 0477 Telles, Raymond Union Civica Nacional (UCN) 7: 0234, 0396 8: 0081, 0176, 0250 Territorial claims Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) 3: 0364, 0694; 4: 0203; 10: 0835; 11: 0480, 3: 0595; 4: 0276; 13: 0636; 18: 0305 0632; 15: 0530, 0686, 0832

55 United Kingdom (UK) Volcanoes 4: 0421, 0436, 0454, 0468, 0529, 0666, 0789; 7: 0464 5: 0001, 0079, 0175, 0257; 9: 0001; Volunteer agencies and workers 10: 0835; 11: 0480, 0632; 14: 0800, 0862; 10: 0766 15: 0001 Voting rights United Nations (UN) 19: 0482 4: 0789; 5: 0257; 13: 0001, 0818 War see also International Monetary Fund Korean War 6: 0810 Uribe Botero, Eduardo World War II 16: 0587, 0745 7: 0001 see also Insurgency Uruguay see also Military intervention 20: 0698, 0744, 0825 Water supply and use USSR 3: 0239; 15: 0354, 0530, 0686, 0832; 16: 0001, see Union of Soviet Socialist Republics 0587, 0745 Uzquiano, Victor Andrade West Indies 3: 0477 14: 0800; 21: 0879 Valencia, Guillermo Leon see also Caribbean area 6: 0680, 0810, 0884; 7: 0001, 0111 Williams, Murat W. Velasco Ibarra, José María 10: 0624, 0650 9: 0848 Winnipeg Press Club Venezuela 5: 0001 21: 0001, 0005, 0010, 0017, 0022, 0045, 0049, Women 0116, 0134, 0242, 0368, 0593, 0701, 0758 18: 0693 Venezuela Communist Party World War II 21: 0010 16: 0587, 0745 Villeda Morales, Ramón Yacimientos Petrolíferos Fiscales (YPF) 7: 0536; 14: 0197, 0314, 0421, 0494, 0590 2: 0819 Vinas Roman, Victor Ydígoras Fuentes, José Miguel Ramón 9: 0115 10: 0835; 11: 0001, 0189, 0335, 0480 Violence Zavala Ortiz, Miguel Angel 3: 0694; 5: 0175; 7: 0001; 12: 0443; 13: 0575 2: 0819 Vocational education and training 16: 0745

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