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Lao Fishes Book See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/234108647 Fishes of Southern Laos Book · January 1999 CITATIONS READS 8 1,097 5 authors, including: Ian G. Baird University of Wisconsin–Madison 136 PUBLICATIONS 1,991 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Chiang Mai University, CESD View project The Impacts of the Nam Theun 2 Dam on the Xe Bang Fai River Basin View project All content following this page was uploaded by Ian G. Baird on 17 May 2014. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Øæ≤î≠¿¥ı∫§ µ¯˝≤æ°√™˚¢∫§∑æ∏ THE FISHES OF SOUTHERN LAOS ¬£§°æ≠ØΩ¥ˆ§ß˜¥ßˆ≠ °Ωß∏§°Ω¶Ú°ø ¡∑Ω Ø˝æƒ¥˚ ¡∑Ω Øˆ°ØÒ°ªÒ°¶æØæ¢˙æ ¶æ¨æ∑Ω≠Ω∑Ò© ØΩßæ¨ÚØΩƒ™ ØΩßæ߈≠∑æ∏ ¶Ò≠™Ú≤æÆ ¿∫°Ω∑æ© ØΩßæ¨ÚØΩƒ™ ¿∫°Ω≤æÆ ∏Ò©¨Ω≠æ´æ∏∫≠ Øæ≤î≠¿¥ı∫§µ¯˝≤æ°√™˚¢∫§∑æ∏ The Fishes of Southern Lao ¬©®: ¨˙æ≠ ∫˙º≠ ¡Æ∂˛© (Ian G. Baird) (ÆÒ≠≠æ¨Ú°æ≠ ¡∑Ω ´˙æ®≤æÆë ¨˙æ≠ ∏Úƒß ∫Ú≠¨Ωƒ≤¶Û ¨˙æ≠ ≤ˆ§¶Ωπ∏Ò© °Ú¶˜∏Ò≠Ω∑æ© ¨˙æ≠ Ƙ≠¿≤Ò§ ≤Ú∑æ∏Ò≠ ¨˙æ≠ Ƙ≠ª∫§ π¥ı˙≠¶˜≤ˆ¥ ¬£§°æ≠ØΩ¥ˆ§ß˜¥ßˆ≠ ¡∑Ω Øˆ°ØÒ°ªÒ°¶æØæ¢˙æ Lao Community Fisheries and Dolphin Protection Project °Ωß∏§°Ω¶Ú°ø ¡∑Ω Ø˙惥˚ Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry ∏Ò§¶Ωπ§∏≠µ¯˙Æ˚æ≠©∫≠¨∑Ω¨Û ¿¥ı∫§¬¢§ ¡¢∏§•øØæ¶Ò° °æ≠√ß˚•ÚƵ¯˙π˚∏®¢Ωπ∑º§ ¿¥ı∫§¬¢§ ¡¢∏§•øØæ¶Ò° ™Ä≠∑ø¡ß§ µ¯˙°˚∫§¿π∏ π∑Û˙∞Û ¿¥ı∫§¬¢§ ¡¢∏§•øØæ¶Ò° £ø≠ø¢∫§£Ω≠Ω∞¯˚¿°ÒÆ°ø¢˚¥¯≠ Introduction to Fish Book Øì¥Øæ≤î≠¿¥ı∫§µ¯˙≤æ°√™˚¢∫§∑æ∏ƒ©˚´ı°•Ò©¢ì≠¬©® ¬£§°æ≠ØΩ¥ˆ§ß˜¥ßˆ≠ ¡∑Ω؈°ØÒ°ªÒ°¶æØæ¢˙æ ¿ßÚ˙§µ¯˙≤æ®√™˚°æ≠ßÑ≠ø ¢∫§≤Ω¡≠°°Ω¶Ú°øÿØ˙惥˚ ¡¢∏§•øØæ¶Ò° £Ω≠Ω∞¯˚¢º≠ƒ©˚¿°Û©¡≠∏£Ù©∏˙æ £∏≠¿ªÒ©Øì¥πˆ∏π≠Ù˙§°˙º∏°ÒÆØæ≤î≠¿¥ı∫§µ¯˙≤æ°√™˚¢∫§∑æ∏¿ØÒ≠≤æ¶æ∑æ∏ £Ù©¡≠∏≠Ñ¿≤æΩ¶Ò§¿°©¿πÒ≠∏˙æ ®Ò§Æ…¨Ò≠ƒ©˚¥ÛØì¥Øæ≤î≠¿¥ı∫§∫∫°¥æ¿ØÒ≠≤æ¶æ∑æ∏•Ò°¿¨ı˙∫ ¥Û¡™˙Øì¥Øæ¿ØÒ≠≤æ¶æ∫Ò§°Ú© ¡∑Ω≤æ¶æ ±Ω∑Ò˙§¿¨ˆ˙æ≠á≠ ≤∏°¿ªˆæƒ©˚ª¯˚∏˙æØæ≤î≠¿¥ı∫§ ¡∑Ω¶Ò©≠ÅßΩ≠Ú©∫ı˙≠∆ µ¯˙≤æ°√™˚¢∫§∑æ∏¥Û£∏楶ø£Ò≠ ¿ØÒ≠µ˙槮Ú˙§√≠°æ≠¿ØÒ≠∫æπæ≠ØΩ•ø∏Ò≠ ¶ø∑ÒÆØΩßæ߈≠¨ˆ˙∏ƒØ ¡™˙Æ槣ˆ≠®Ò§Æ…¨Ò≠¿πÒ≠£∏楶ø£Ò≠ π∑ıÆ…¥Û£∏楪¯˚°˙º∏°ÒÆØæ≤î≠¿¥ı∫§≤º§≤¨˙Û•Ω¿πÒ≠£∏楶ø£Ò≠ƒ©˚ ¥Ûπ≠˚∫®£ˆ≠¨˙Û¿¢Äæ√•∏˙æØΩ¿¨©∑æ∏ ¿ØÒ≠ØΩ¿¨©¨˙ÛªÒ˙§¥Û∑Ω©ÒƬ∑°¬©®≠æ∆ßΩ≠Ú©¢∫§Øæ≤î≠¿¥ı∫§ ¡™˙√≠£∏楿ØÒ≠•Ú§¡¥˙≠Å¢∫§ ¡∑Ω¶æ¢æ ¢∫§¥Ò≠¥Ûπ∑æ®∆ª˚∫®ßΩ≠Ú©¢∫§Øæ≤î≠¿¥ı∫§¨˙Û¥Û£˜≠£˙æ ¡¥˙≠Å¢∫§¥Û£∏æ¥∑æ°π∑殨æ§ßÛ∏Ω≤æÆ ∑Ω©ÒƬ∑° π¥æ®£∏æ¥∏˙æ¥ÛßΩ≠Ú©Øæ°˙∏樘°∆¡¥˙≠ŵ¯˙¨Ω∏ÛÆ∫æßÛ ¡∑Ω¨ˆ˙∏¬∑°¥Û¡™˙¡¥˙≠Å ∫æ¥æß∫≠ ¡∑Ω¶æ¢æ¢∫§¥Ò≠µ¯˙¨Ω∏ÛÆ∫æ¿¥∑Ú°æ√™˚¨˙Û¥ÛßΩ≠Ú©Øæπ∑æ®°˙∏æ¡¥˙≠Å¢∫§ ¡∑Ω¶æ¢æ¢∫§¥Ò≠ ¡™˙¿ªÒ©¡≠∏√©¨˙Û•Ω√π˚ØΩßæ߈≠∑æ∏¨ˆ˙∏ƒØ¿πÒ≠ƒ©˚£˜≠£˙æ¢∫§Øæ≤î≠¿¥ı∫§ ¡∑ΩßÒÆ≤Ω®æ°∫≠¡π∑˙§≠Å∫ı˙≠∆ ´˚æÆ…¥Û¢˚¥¯≠ÆÒ≠¨Ù°ƒ∏˚¿ØÒ≠π∑Ò°´æ≠¨˙Û¿ØÒ≠≤æ¶æ∑æ∏ £ˆ§•Ω®æ°¨˙Û•Ω√π˚£ˆ≠∑æ∏¿¢Äæ√• ¡∑Ω ´˚棈≠Æ…¿¢Äæ√• ¿´Ú§£∏æ¥π¥æ®¢∫§Øæ ¿¢ˆæ¿•Ä棈§•ΩÆ…¿∫ˆæ√•√¶˙√≠°æ≠£˜˚¥£∫§ ¡∑Ω∫Ω≠˜∑Ò°ßÒÆ≤Ω®æ°∫≠ Øæ≤î≠¿¥ı∫§¨Û˙¥Û∑Å£˙æ¿∫ˆæƒ∏˚√π˚°Ú≠®æ∏≠æ≠ ¡∑Ω ¿≤ı˙∫¿ØÒ≠∞ˆ≠ØΩ¬π®©∑∏¥¢∫§ØΩßæ߈≠ ¡∑Ω¿ØÒ≠ ¥∑Ω©ˆ°√π˚¿ßÒ˙≠∑¯° ¿ßÒ˙≠π∑æ≠¢∫§ØΩ¿¨©ßæ© √≠Øî¥πˆ∏≠у©˚ÆÒ≠¨Ù°¢˚¥¯≠°˙º∏°ÒÆØæ≤î≠¿¥ı∫§ØΩ¥æ≠ „‡‡ ßΩ≠Ú© ¨˙Û≤∏°¿ªˆæƒ©˚≤ˆÆ¿πÒ≠µ¯˙≤æ°√™˚¢∫§∑æ∏ ∑Ωπ∏˙æ§ ·ÈÈ„ÿ·ÈÈÁ π∑ı£æ©π¥æ®∏˙æ £ˆ§•Ω¥Ûµ¯˙√≠≤æ°√™˚¢∫§∑æ∏¡™˙Æ…¨Ò≠ƒ©˚≤ˆÆ¿πÒ≠ √≠Øî¥πˆ∏≠Ñ ≤∏°¿ªˆæƒ©˚∑∏¥¡™˙Ø浯˙≤æ°√™˚¢∫§∑æ∏ ¿¨ˆ˙æ≠á≠ ¡∑Ω®Ò§¥ÛØæ≤î≠¿¥ı∫§π∑æ®ßΩ≠Ú©µ¯˙≤æ°∫ı˙≠¢∫§∑æ∏¨˙Û≤∏°¿ªˆæÆ…ƒ©˚•Ò©¿¢Äæ√≠Øî¥πˆ∏≠Ñ, √≠ØΩ•˜ÆÒ≠≠ÑØæ≤î≠¿¥ı∫§Ææ§ßΩ≠Ú©°ø∑Ò§π∑˜©•ø≠∏≠∑ˆ§ ¡∑ΩÆæ§ßΩ≠Ú©°ø∑Ò§πæ®æ° ¡™˙´˚æπæ°∏˙æ π¥ˆ©¨˜°£ˆ≠ª˙∏¥¥ı ¡∑Ω¿ØÒ≠¿•Äæ°æ≠¿≤ı˙∫•Ò©∑ΩƈÆπæØæ¡ÆÆÆ…¨ø∑æ® ®Ò§¥Û¬∫°æ©¨˙Û•Ω¿ªÒ©√π˚ ¥ÛØæ≤î≠¿¥ı∫§™æ¥¨ø¥Ωßæ©π∑殣ı¿°ˆ˙æ ¶˜©¨˚殣Ω≠Ω∞¯˚¢º≠π∏Ò§µ˙槮Ú˙§∏˙æ ¨˜°∆¨˙æ≠¨˙Ûƒ©˚¥Û¬∫°æ© ∫˙æ≠Øî¥πˆ∏≠Ñ•Ω¥Û£∏楿¢Äæ√•π∑æ®°˙∏æ¿°ˆ˙æ°˙º∏°ÒÆ£∏楶ø£Ò≠¢∫§Øæ≤î≠¿¥ı∫§ ¡∑Ω•Ω≠ø£∏楪¯˚≠á≠ ƒØ√ß˚˚¿ØÒ≠ØΩ¬π®©√≠°æ≠£˜˚¥£∫§ ¡∑Ω∫Ω≠˜∑Ò°Øæ≤î≠¿¥ı∫§¡∑ΩßÒÆ≤Ω®æ°∫≠¡π∑˙§≠Å™…ƒØâ Æ˚æ≠π槣∫≠ä ∏Ò≠¨Û 1 ¥Û≠æ ·ÈÈ9 Ƙ≠ª∫§ π¥ı˙≠¶˜≤ˆ¥ ≤ˆ§¶Ωπ∏Ò© °Ú¶˜∏Ò≠Ω∑æ© ∏Úƒß ∫Ú≠¨Ωƒ≤¶Û Ƙ≠¿≤Ò§ ≤Ú∑æ∏Ò≠ ∫˙º≠ ¡Æ∂˛© (Ian G. Baird) A INTRODUCTION The Mekong River and her tributaries in China, Burma, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, and the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR or Laos) are the life-blood for millions of people. Southern Lao PDR, comprising the four provinces of Salavan, Sekong, Attapeu and Champasak, is certainly no exception. The people of the south rely heavily on the region’s rich freshwater aquatic resources, and aquatic animals have long provided them with a large proportion of their food and income. The most notable aquatic re- source of southern Laos are the indigenous fish. Apart from the Amazon River basin in South America, and possibly the Congo River basin in Africa, the Mekong River basin is the richest in the World in terms of freshwater fish biodiversity. It certainly supports more fish species than any other river system in Asia. This book includes taxonomic, biological, historical and cultural information regarding more than 300 species of fish either known from the Mekong River basin in southern Lao PDR, or expected to occur there. Colour photographs for over 250 of those species have been included. Yet this publication is invariably incomplete. There are undoubtedly many fish species in the region which are not yet known to science. Some are likely to be endemic to the Mekong basin and southern Laos. There are still many waterbodies in the region that researchers have yet to sample for fish, and many discoveries will undoubtedly be made over the next number of years. Nevertheless, this book does include nearly all the fish species which commonly occur in the region’s fish catches and are of particular socio-economic importance to the people of southern Laos. It also includes other rarer species, many of which have restricted distributions due to specific habitat requirements. Considering the heavy reliance of local people on indigenous fish for food and income, and the high diversity of fish species in the Mekong basin, it might be expected that the sustainability of freshwater fisheries and the maintenance of fish biodiversity in Lao PDR and other countries in the region would be a high priority for multilateral banks, bilateral funders, international organisations and non-government or- ganisations (NGOs) working in the Mekong basin. Yet while a few individuals and groups apparently do recognise the importance of Lao indigenous fish, past development assistance to the region has rarely tar- geted or adequately considered either biodiversity or food security issues in relation to Mekong basin fish and fisheries. Part of the reason why Lao people themselves have often failed to give riverine fish and fisheries the recognition they deserve is because many take the resource for granted. Moreover, foreigners and urban dwellers have often underestimated the importance of aquatic animals. Government officials and development planners have tended to promote aquaculture over indigenous wild-capture fisheries. Part of the problem is that very little information has been compiled and published regarding Mekong fish and fisheries. Despite the richness of Lao PDR’s fisheries resources, there has never been a book written in Lao language about naturally occurring freshwater fish. There are some publications about Lao fish in English and French, but how can Lao researchers and decision-makers be expected to become interested and con- cerned about the rich fish resources that occur in Lao PDR when they have never had access to publications about indigenous fish in their own languages? How many Lao people are aware of how many fish species are found in the country? How many Lao people know what they stand to lose in terms of fish biodiversity and natural bounty if environmental degradation in the Mekong basin is allowed to continue? We have long felt that there is an urgent need for a book directed towards Lao people, with the goal of increasing the knowledge and appreciation of Laos’ rich aquatic heritage. That is the justification for this publication, and the reason why this guide is only being published in Lao language. We apologise to those non-Lao speakers and readers who might have preferred that we publish this book in English, but for now we only have the resources to produce it in Lao. B We hope that this book will help provide interested Lao people with valuable information about their country’s fish and fisheries. This publication has been designed to provide technical information about fish and fisheries in southern Lao PDR as well as to document part of the rich cultural heritage of Laos as it relates to fish and fisheries. In many ways, this book might best be described as a compilation of informa- tion related to fish taxonomy and biology, along with “ethnoichthyology”, the study of the relationship between people and fish.
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