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Home , Aqueduct of Segovia, Asturian architecture, Death in the Garden, Fernando Rey, Francisco Rabal, Land Without Bread

RCHI ATECTURE IN C EMA O C MIC A D NCE ITER LATURE U M SIC AI PNTING HOT POGRAPHY CU S LPTURE

PERMANENT UNIVERSITY OF RCHI ATECTURE IN Due to the temporal and geographic amplitude of the history of C EMA , Spanish has received many different influences and has had many different expressions. O C MIC The real development came with the Romans who left behind in A some of their most amazing monuments. The Muslim D NCE invasion in 711 meant a radical change during the eight ITER centuries that followed and produced great step forwards in the LATURE culture and the architecture. Córdoba, the capital of the U Umayyad dynasty and , capital of the Nasrid dynasty, M SIC became cultural centers of great importance. AI Many Spanish architectural structures, even big parts of the NTING P cities, have been given the status of World Heritage Site given HOT their artistic relevance. Spain is the second country with more POGRAPHY places with the status of World Heritage Site granted by the CU UNESCO, the first one is Italy. S LPTURE

PERMANENT UNIVERSITY RCHI MEGALITHIC ARCHITECTURE IBERIAN AND CELTIC ARCHITECTURE TECTURE During the Stone Age the Castro de Baroña The Castro culture, A most widespread megalith that arose in the north and in the IN Cueva de Menga in the Iberian Peninsula was C EMA Antequera the . The plans of center of the these funerary chambers used to be pseudocircles or Peninsula and that O trapezoids, formed by huge stones stuck on the ground was directly or indirectly related to C MIC and with others above them as a roof. the Celts, developed the The complex of Antequera contains the largest dolmen in characteristic constructions called A Europe. The Cueva de Menga is 25 meters deep and four castors. These are walled villages D NCE meters high and was built with 32 megaliths. Now, on the usually located on the top of hills or inside a well has been discovered, whose origin is mountains. ITER unknown. LATURE ROMAN AGE U The Roman conquest of Hispania that began in 218 BC meant M SIC the almost complete Romanization of the Iberian Peninsula. The local population deeply adopted the Roman culture: former military camps and Iberian, Phoenician and Greek settlements AI Emérita PNTING Augusta - Mérida were transformed into large cities, like the Emerita Augusta for of example, united by a complex net of roads. The development of HOT construction includes some monuments of comparable quality to POGRAPHY those of the capital, . Itálica CU Sevilla - Spain S LPTURE Aqueduct of Mérida

PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE RCHI PRE- Visigothic Architecture TECTURE The term Pre-Romanesque refers to A the Christian art after Classical times IN and before . It covers C EMA different artistic displays, for they were made in different centuries and San Pedro de la Santa María del Naranco by different cultures. The Spanish Zamora - Spain - Spain O territory has a large variety of Pre- MIC The Asturian Pre-Romanesque is a particular style that, C Romanesque architecture: some of its combining elements from other styles such as the A branches, like the Asturian art, Visigothic style and local traditions, created and D NCE reached high levels of refinement for developed its own personality and characteristics and their time and cultural . reached a high level of refinement, not only in ITER construction but also in aesthetics. LATURE La Torre del Oro La AL-ANDALUS ART Sevilla - Spain Sevilla - Spain U M SIC In the Iberian Peninsula Allah was AI prayed to and Arabic PNTING was spoken during 8 La Mezquita de Córdoba centuries. HOT Córdoba - Spain POGRAPHY CU S LPTURE de Granada Granada - Spain

PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE Cathedral of ROMANESQUE ART RCHI Santiago de Compostela - Spain TECTURE A During the Romanesque IN period architecture was the C EMA supreme art above painting O and sculpture that were MIC subordinated to it. Paintings C and sculptures were used to A decorate the Romanesque NCE D constructions. ITER LATURE Cathedral of Burgos GOTHIC ART U Burgos - Spain M SIC Gothic style appeared in the second half of the 12th century, when architects replaced the AI semicircular for the lancet arch and the PNTING barrel vault for the ribbed vault. This gave more height and length to the buildings and so it was HOT possible to install large windows. POGRAPHY The Gothic period covers four centuries and through this style Europe showed its artistic ingenuity. Two main factors helped to the CU development of this style: the masters’ LPTURE S experience and the economy.

PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE Cathedral of Jaén Convent of San Lorenzo el Real ART RCHI Jaén- Spain - - Spain In Spain the Renaissance period ATECTURE came united to the Gothic forms in the last decades of the IN 15th century. The style began C EMA to spread mostly due to local architects: this created a O specific Spanish Renaissance C MIC style influenced by southern Italy architecture, sometimes A by means of illustrated books D NCE and paintings, and by the Gothic tradition and the local ITER idiosyncrasy. LATURE ART Convent of La Encarnación U Madrid - Spain SIC Spanish cities of the Baroque period M are mostly conventual. In Sevilla AI around 70 monasteries were built. PNTING Many Baroque architects were monks. Spanish cities experienced large HOT urban transformations in their POGRAPHY architecture. The urban alterations end with the CU construction of the Main Square in the S LPTURE center. Plaza Mayor - Spain

Plaza Mayor PERMANENT UNIVERSITY Salamanca - España UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE Casa Batlló THE 20TH CENTURY - Spain RCHI MODERNISM ATECTURE In Spain, modernism was concentrated in Barcelona when IN the city extended its territory over its historical limits, EMA creating the Eixample (urban expansion area) designed by C Ildefonso Cerdá, in which the so-called Catalonian Sagrada Familia Barcelona - Spain modernism would be developed. It broke away from former O styles and was inspired by organic forms, as the Art C MIC Noueveau in France and the Jugendstil in Germany. The most famous architect is Antoni Gaudí, whose work in A Barcelona (among the most well-known: The Sagrada D NCE Familia, Park Güell, Casa Milà and Casa Batlló) combines traditional architecture with new styles. He was the Casa Milà precursor of modern architecture. ITER Barcelona - Spain LATURE THE 21ST CENTURY U In Spain one of the most famous architects is Santiago SIC M Calatrava. Nowadays Calatrava is considered to be one of the architects specialized in large structures. He has The City of Arts and Sciences AI received many awards and acknowledgment for his NTING - Spain P work. Calatrava’s work means an authentic revolution in architecture and it’s characterized by the HOT combination of architecture and engineering, which POGRAPHY had been separated since the 18th century. means a reunion with architecture’s constructive tradition, influenced by Fernando Tenerife’s CU Higueras, JØrn Utzon, Antonio Gaudí and the Gothic S LPTURE Auditorium and Roman architecture. Tenerife - Spain

Plaza Mayor PERMANENT UNIVERSITY Salamanca - España UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE RCHI ATECTURE IN C EMA O C MIC A D NCE ITER LATURE U M SIC AI PNTING HOT POGRAPHY CU S LPTURE

PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE RCHI SPANISH CINEMA ATECTURE Spanish cinema is of great importance when it comes to know the IN historical evolution of the Spanish society. Besides, for decades C EMA the Spanish cinema has not only been an entertainment for the O masses but also an important historical and artistic document. MIC Nowadays it is the second in a global level if it’s compared with C the cinema produced by the Anglo-Saxon countries, mostly in the A United States. One of the main figures of the Spanish cinema is Luis Buñuel, a D NCE director whose production had a great influence in Europe (through France) and ITER America (through Mexico) and also the international sporadic successful LATURE works of directors like Segundo de Chomón, Florián Rey, , Luis García Berlanga, , Jesús Franco, Antonio Isasi-Isasmendi, Mario U Camus, Pedro Almodóvar or Alejandro Amenábar. SIC M Other aspects have had less international repercussion. Only some figures have AI achieved fame, mostly for their work out of Spain, like the artistic director Gil PNTING Parrondo, winner of two Oscar Awards in Hollywood, and the director of photography Néstor Almendros (who developed his whole career out of Spain) or HOT actors like , , Fernando Fernán Gómez, Antonio POGRAPHY Banderas, Sergi López and and actresses like Sara Montiel, Ángela Molina, Victoria Abril, Maura, Maribel Verdú and, above all, Penélope CU Cruz. S LPTURE

PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE DIRECTORS RCHI LUIS BUÑUEL ATECTURE 1929 – An Andalusian Dog 1953 – This Strange Passion 1961 - 1930 – The Golden Age 1954 – Illusion Travels by Streetcar 1962 – The Exterminating 1933 – 1954 – Wuthering Heights 1964 – The Diary of a Chambermaid IN 1947 – Magnificent Casino 1954 - Robinson Crusoe 1965 – C EMA 1949 – The Great Madcap 1955 – Rehearsal for a Crime 1966 – Beautiful during the day 1950 – The Forgotten 1955 – The River and Death 1969 – The Milky Way O 1951 - Susana (The devil and the flesh) 1956 – That is the Dawn 1970 - Tristana MIC 1951 – The daughter of Deceit 1956 – 1972 – The Discret Charm of the C 1952 – A Woman Without Love 1959 - Nazarín Bourgeoisie 1952 – Ascent to Heaven 1959 – Fever Rises in El Pao 1974 – A 1953 – The Brute 1960 – 1977 – That Obscure Object of Desire D NCE LUIS GARCÍA BERLANGA ITER 1952 – Welcome Mr. Marshall PEDRO ALMODÓVAR LATURE 1954 – Boyfriend ahoy! 1963 – The Executioner U 1977 – The National Shotgun SIC 1980 – National Patrimony M 1985 – The Heifer 1987 – and Christians AI 1993 – Everyone to Jail! Experimental pahse: Tim, Pepi, Luci, Bom and other Girls PNTING 1999 - París Timbuktu on the Heap and Laberinth of Passions. Phase influenced by Federico Fellini: Dark Habits and ALEJANDRO AMENÁBAR What Have I Done to Deserve This?. HOT Phase influenced by the masters: Matador, Law of Desire, POGRAPHY 1996 – Thesis (Snuff) Women on the Verge of a Nervous 1997 – Open Your Eyes Breakdown, Tie Me up! Tie Me Down! And 2001 – The others High Heels. CU 2004 – The Sea Inside Autobiographical phase: All About My Mother and Return. S LPTURE 2009 - Agora Noir phase: Bad Education, Broken Embraces and The Skin I live in.

PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE RCHI ACTORS / ACTRESSES ATECTURE IN C EMA O C MIC A Francisco Rabal D NCE ITER ATURE L Sergi López Fernando Fernán Gómez Javier Bardem

U Sara Montiel M SIC AI PNTING HOT Victoria Abril POGRAPHY CU LPTURE Penélope Ángela S Cruz Molina

PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE RCHI Num. 1 - January 2013 ATECTURE IN C EMA O C MIC panish A S D NCE ITER LATURE U M SIC C o m i c AI PNTING HOT POGRAPHY CU S LPTURE

PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE RCHI THE MASK WARRIOR CAPTAIN THUNDER ATECTURE (1944) - This series covers (1956) – As the typical IN more than 20 years of adventurous main character, he C EMA fights, heroic rescues and defended oppressed villages and mass battles that fill the punished the tyrants. He went O children’s dreams of beyond borders together with MIC C several generations of the big and strong Goliath, A comic lovers. the intrepid Crispín and his D NCE partner the Nordic Sigrid. ITER MORTADELO Y LATURE FILEMÓN THURSDAYS This is a humorous U comic strip series It’s a satirical humor weekly M SIC created and developed magazine published in by the Spanish author Barcelona since 1977 and the AI Francisco Ibáñez. PNTING last survivor of the magazines that came out during the so- HOT ZIPI Y ZAPE called adult comic boom in POGRAPHY It’s a humorous Spain. Due to its criticism to comic strip created current events it has been CU and developed by involved in different trials S LPTURE the Spanish author and polemics. José Escobar. PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE RCHI ATECTURE IN C EMA O C MIC A D NCE ITER LATURE U M SIC AI PNTING HOT POGRAPHY CU S LPTURE

PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE RCHI ATECTURE IN EMA She took her first artistic steps in the Dance C Studio of Víctor Ullate (1983-1991), completing O her education with David Howard and Renatto C MIC Paroni. A When she joined the Royal in 2000, Tamara Rojo, being 25 years-old, D NCE became the first Spanish dancer that danced for the most important company ITER in the United Kingdom and one of the most prestigious companies in the LATURE world. Besides, she was the second youngest artist in ballet’s history that became first dancer after Maya Plisétskaya, who became first dancer at the U age of 18 in Bolshói Theatre. M SIC AI She acted, as guest artist, with the La Scala Theatre Ballet of Milan, the Nice PNTING Opera Ballet, the Verona Arena, the and the Berlin Opera Ballet and has participated in many international galas. Ever since her HOT first professional steps, Tamara Rojo has interpreted roles with numerous POGRAPHY nuances, from which we can highlight the neoclassical choreographies of the Dutch School and those of deep Spanish meaning and roots of Ullate, such as CU Volando hacia la luz (Flying towards the light) and Concierto para Tres LPTURE S (Concert for three), or those renewed by like Romeo and Juliet

PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE RCHI ATECTURE Nacho Duato IN C EMA O C MIC A D NCE ITER "Dancer and choreographer. He is one of the most relevant LATURE figures in Spanish contemporary dance worldwide”. U He received his education in the Rambert School of London and widened his studies in M SIC the Mudra School of Maurice Béjart in and in the American Dance Centre of Alvin Ailey in New York. His professional career began in 1980 in the prestigious AI Cullberg Ballet of Stockholm, but it was in the Nederlands Dans Theater (1981), PNTING directed by Jirí Kylián, were he began to be well-known. He created there his first choreography “Jardí tancat” (1983), with music of Maria del Mar Bonet. His HOT and choreographies are part of the most prestigious international companies’ POGRAPHY repertoire. He was the artistic director of the Spanish National Lyrical Theatre Ballet in Madrid, today the National Dance Company (1990-2010). In 1999 he founded the CU National Dance Company 2 with the aim of educating and preparing dancers for their S LPTURE professional life. Today he directs the Mijáilovski Theatre Ballet of Saint Petersburg.

PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE RCHI ATECTURE IN C EMA O Flamenco dance could be defined in C MIC many different ways and all of them A D NCE would be valid. María Alonso, from Spain, ITER says that “flamenco dance is fire and wings; LATURE courage and soul. It’s the legs, the arms, the U M SIC hands, the feet. It’s the claking, that rhythm AI stuck on the floor, the grown roots of PNTING flamenco art that shake over the ground HOT and move crying out to the sky the POGRAPHY gypsy passion”. CU S LPTURE

PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE RCHI ATECTURE IN C EMA O C MIC A D NCE ITER LATURE U M SIC AI PNTING HOT POGRAPHY CU Spanish S LPTURE Literature PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE RCHI of la Mancha ATECTURE Miguel de Cervantes Works IN It’s one of the most important works of Spanish and C EMA universal literature and one of the most translated O ones. C MIC Don Quixote was the first work that genuinely A demythologized the chivalry and courteous tradition, NCE given the burlesque way in which he pictures it. It D represents the first literature work that can be ITER classified as modern novel and also the first LATURE polyphonic novel, that’s why it highly influenced all U following European narrative. In 2002 at the M SIC Norwegian Book Club’s request a list was made with the best literary works of history. This list would be AI made with the votes of 100 great writers of 54 NTING P different nationalities. The works would appear in a HOT strict alphabetical order, so that no work would POGRAPHY prevail over another, but it was decided unanimously to make an exception with "Don Quixote" that CU appeared at the beginning of the list as “the best S LPTURE literary work ever”.

PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE RCHI El Cantar del Mio Cid ATECTURE Anónimo Works IN EMA The Poem of the Cid is an anonymous epic C poem that relates the heroic deeds of the O last years of the life of the Castilian knight C MIC Rodrigo Díaz El Campeador. It is the first A extensive narrative work of the Spanish D NCE literature in romance language and it ITER stands out for the high literary value of its LATURE style. It was written in 1200 U approximately. M SIC The Poem of the Cid is the only epic poem of the Spanish literature that has been AI preserved almost in its whole. The first NTING P page of the original and other two pages HOT from inside the codex have been lost, but POGRAPHY the content of the existing gaps can be deduced from chronistic documents CU written in prose, especially from the LPTURE S Estoria de España.

PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE RCHI ATECTURE Writers IN C EMA He was a Spanish poet and prose writer who was a member of the literary movement O known as the Generation of ‘98. He is probably MIC C the poet of his time that is read the most A today. In 1927 he was chosen as member of D NCE the Royal Spanish Academy of Language. ITER During the 20’s and 30’s he wrote theatre with LATURE his brother Manuel, also a poet, and they premiered some works from which we can U highlight La Lola se va a los puertos (Lola SIC M heads to the Harbours), in 1929, and La AI duquesa de Benamejí (The Duchess of PNTING Benamejí), in 1931. When the broke out he was in Madrid. HOT He moved later to Valencia and to Barcelona POGRAPHY Antonio Machado and in January 1939 he went into exile to the CU French town of Colliure, where he died in S LPTURE February.

PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE RCHI ATECTURE Writers IN Federico García Lorca was a Spanish EMA C poet, dramatist and prose writer, also O known for his skills in many other arts. He C MIC was a member of the so-called Generation A of ’27. He is the most influential and D NCE popular poet of the 20th century Spanish ITER literature. As dramatist, he is considered LATURE to be one of the most important figures of U the 20th century Spanish theatre, together M SIC with Valle-Inclán and Buero Vallejo. AI He was executed after the military PNTING rebellion of the Spanish Civil War. The HOT reasons of his execution are widely POGRAPHY Federico García Lorca discussed, among the hypothesis we find: CU that he supported the , that LPTURE he was openly homosexual and family S distancing. PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE RCHI ATECTURE Writers IN C EMA He was a Spanish poet born in , Alicante, in 1910. Being son of country O people he worked as a goat shepherd among MIC C other trades. Guided by his friend Ramón A Sijé, he took his first steps in poetry when D NCE he was twenty years-old. In 1933 he ITER published his first book “Perito en lunas” LATURE and later his sonnets gathered in “El rayo U que no cesa”, which expressed the love M SIC experience of the poet. During the Civil War he was an active member of the Republican AI side as his Culture Commissioner. He was PNTING Miguel Hernández put in jail and condemned to death at the HOT end of the conflict. Before he died, sick and POGRAPHY under arrest, he published his last work CU “Cancionero y romancero de ausencias”. S LPTURE He died in 1942.

PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE RCHI ATECTURE IN panish C EMA O C MIC MuSic A D NCE ITER LATURE U M SIC AI PNTING HOT POGRAPHY CU S LPTURE

PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE RCHI ATECTURE IN o m p o r C EMA C s e s Spanish composer and pianist. The life of Isaac O Albéniz, during his childhood and youth above all, C MIC is one of the most fascinating novels of the A history of music. He was a child prodigy and D NCE made his pianist debut with great success when he was four years-old in a recital in Barcelona. ITER After studying piano in this city and trying, LATURE unsuccessfully, to enter the conservatory of Paris, U he continued his studies in Madrid, where his M SIC family had moved to in 1869. AI His suite for piano Iberia, his masterpiece, it’s PNTING the highest expression of his dream of creating “national music with universal tone”. Admired by HOT musicians like Debussy, the influence that this POGRAPHY Isaac Albéniz score had on other Spanish nationalist composers, like Falla and Granados, was decisive. Only CU because of this composition Albéniz deserves a S LPTURE privileged place in Spanish music.

PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE RCHI ATECTURE IN o m p o r C EMA C s e s O He was one of the first composers who, C MIC developing an unmistakable Spanish style but A also different from the clichés, made himself D NCE known successfully in all Europe and America, and by doing so he overcame the isolation and ITER subordination to other traditions that the ATURE L Spanish music suffered since the 18th century. U M SIC He was never a prolific composer but his creations, all of them with an astonishing level AI of perfection, are an essential part of almost PNTING every repertoire. HOT In 1914 he composed one of his most famous OGRAPHY P Manuel de Falla works: the pantomime El amor brujo (Love the CU Magician) and the ballet El sombrero de tres S LPTURE picos (The Three-Cornered Hat).

PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE RCHI ATECTURE IN i n g e s C EMA S r O He is known for his versatile voice with C MIC which he can sing as baritone and tenor. He A is also conductor, producer and composer D NCE and the general director of the Washington National Opera in Washington, D.C. and of ITER the Los Angeles Opera (California). LATURE U He might be the most versatile tenor alive. M SIC His repertoire is very varied and has many AI different languages: he has sung in Italian, PNTING French, German, Spanish, English and Russian. On the stage he has interpreted HOT more than ninety different roles and if we POGRAPHY Plácido Domingo include recordings, more than a hundred and CU twenty. However, his main repertoire is in S LPTURE Italian, French and German.

PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE RCHI ATECTURE IN i n g e s C EMA S r O Julio Iglesias is the Spanish-speaking singer MIC with more commercial success until today. C At international level he is one of the most A successful singers. D NCE ITER According to Sony Music he is one of the ten LATURE singers that have sold more records in music U history, having sold 300 millions of his 80 SIC albums edited in the whole world in 14 M languages until today, and with more than AI 2.600 certified and platinum discs. PNTING It is estimated that along his career he has HOT Julio Iglesias performed for 60 million people in the five POGRAPHY continents and that he is the foreign singer CU with more sales in Brazil (17 millions) in S LPTURE 2001 and in France (9 millions) in 2005.

PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE RCHI ATECTURE IN u s i c n s C EMA M i a Francisco Sánchez Gomes, worldwide O known as Paco de Lucía, was born on the C MIC 21st of December 1947 in Cádiz, Spain. A The flamenco guitarist creates his artistic D NCE name uniting the name Paco (as his ITER friends used to call him) with Lucía (the LATURE name of his mother). Ever since he was U little, Paco de Lucía had always been M SIC connected to music, given that he was AI born in a family of artists. PNTING At the end of the 60’s, Paco de Lucía met “Camarón de la Isla”, and together they HOT carried out a series of projects. Both of POGRAPHY Paco de Lucía them are considered by the critics as the CU precursors of flamenco fusions with other S LPTURE genres such as Rock and Jazz.

PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE RCHI ATECTURE IN C EMA O C MIC A D NCE ITER panish LATURE S U M SIC AI PNTING HOT POGRAPHY PAINting CU S LPTURE

PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE RCHI DIEGO VELÁZQUEZ TECTURE He was one of the greatest exponents of Spanish painting in the A Baroque period and also all along its history. He is considered to IN be one of the greatest painters that Spain has contributed to the C EMA international art. O C MIC A D NCE The surrender of Breda The Maids of Honour Diego Velázquez Diego Velázquez ITER LATURE SALVADOR DALÍ Dalí is known for his impressive U and oneiric surrealist images. His M SIC pictorial skills are attributed to the influence of and his admiration for AI Renaissance art. He was also an PNTING expert draftsman. One of his most famous works is the "La HOT persistencia de la memoria" (The OGRAPHY Persistence of Memory), created in P 1931. The plastic resources of Dalí also included cinema, sculpture CU and photography, what made him S LPTURE Figure at a Window collaborate with other audiovisual The Persistence of Memory Salvador Dalí artists. Salvador Dalí PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE RCHI FRANCISCO DE GOYA TECTURE He was a Spanish painter and A engraver. His work covers easel IN and mural painting, engraving C EMA works and drawing. In all these facets he developed a style that initiated the Romanticism period. O Goyaesque art meant the MIC C beginning of contemporary A painting and he is considered to NCE be the precursor of the 20th D The Third of May century pictorial avant-gardes. The Comet ITER Francisco de Goya Francisco de Goya LATURE PABLO PICASSO U He is considered to be one M SIC of the 20th century greatest artists. He participated in AI the beginning of many NTING artistic movements that P spread all around the world and deeply influenced many HOT other great artists of his POGRAPHY time. Tirelessly prolific he painted more than two thousand works that are in CU Guernika LPTURE museums all around Europe S Pablo Picasso and the rest of the world.

PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE FRANCISCO DE ZURBARÁN RCHI He stood out in religious painting, for his art ATECTURE revealed great visual strength and deep mysticism. He was a representative artist of IN the Counter-Reformation. Initially influenced EMA C by Caravaggio, his style evolved and came close to that of the Italian mannerist masters. O His representations are different from C MIC Velázquez realism and his compositions are characterized by a chiaroscuro modeling with A acid shades. D NCE Christ on the Cross San Hugo en el Refectorio de los Cartujos ITER Zurbarán Zurbarán LATURE BARTOLOMÉ ESTEBAN MURILLO U He was a Spanish painter of the 17th century. He is M SIC one of the most important figures of Spanish Baroque painting that, even though his recognition diminished AI at the beginning of the 20th century, enjoys again PNTING great worldwide acknowledgment. HOT POGRAPHY CU S LPTURE The Holy Family of the Little Bird Boy laughing looking out of a window Bartolomé Esteban Murillo Bartolomé Esteban Murillo

PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE JOAQUÍN SOROLLA Y BASTIDA He was a Spanish Impressionist painter and graphical artist. RCHI He was one of the most prolific Spanish painters with more ATECTURE than 2.200 catalogued works. IN C EMA O C MIC A D NCE ITER LATURE Walk on the Beach Another Marguerite U Sorolla Sorolla M SIC EL GRECO AI Nowadays he is considered to be one of the NTING greatest artists of western civilization. This P high recognition is recent and has been formed during the last hundred years HOT changing the appreciation of his painting POGRAPHY that people had during the two centuries and a half after his death when he was considered an eccentric painter and CU irrelevant for art history. S LPTURE The Burial of the Count of Orgaz El Greco PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE RCHI ATECTURE IN PHOTO C EMA G O C MIC S R A p a D NCE A ITER LATURE n P U M SIC H AI i PNTING Y HOT s POGRAPHY CU S LPTURE h

PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE RCHI J O A N C O L O M ATECTURE He is a photographer from Barcelona that was part of the so- IN called photographic “new avant-garde” movement. Colom EMA photographed the story of the Barrio del Raval (former red- C light neighborhood), his characters, his culture, the life of the O neighbors of the Raval in the middle 50’s. C MIC We can assert that his photographies go further from what we can see, they describe and A explain a society in which even though its people suffer real hardship they know how to D NCE have a good time and live day after day. Joan Colom does not change reality; he only captures what happens in front of his camera. ITER With his whole photographic career, Joan Colom has made and continues making history. LATURE His work is a graphic testimony of a decadent neighborhood that has been changing with the time. U C O L L E C T I O N O F T H E P E O P L E O F T H E R A V A L M SIC AI PNTING HOT POGRAPHY CU S LPTURE

PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE RCHI J O A N F O N T C U B E R T A TECTURE He is an art artist, teacher, essayist, critic and promoter A specialized in photography. He has received the David IN Octavious Hill Award of the Fotografisches Akademie GDL of C EMA Germany in 1988, Chevalier de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres of the Ministry for Culture in France in 1994, the National O Photography Award granted by the Spanish Ministry for Culture C MIC in 1998 and the National Essay Award in 2011. A HERBARIUM FAUNA NCE D Imaginary herbarium made Anticipating the effects of the ITER up of pseudoplants digital age in which we are LATURE created with industrial already submerged, the story of detritus and organic this imaginary bestiary, U components from different documented by a complex M SIC origins. scientific device, confronts us, AI with healthy irony, with the PNTING SPUTNIK question of the camera’s He creates elaborated photographic tricks credibility and with the fiction HOT that challenge and provoke, forcing us to of the photographic image that, POGRAPHY reexamine the relationship between for the critics, has become a photography and reality. Sputnik contains reference for photographic CU a whole series of unprecedented material fiction in the eyes of the post- S LPTURE about the almost unknown Soviet space modernist sensibility. history.

PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE RCHI C H E M A M A D O Z ATECTURE He is a much acknowledged Spanish photographer who received IN the National Photography Award in 2000. EMA He has made numerous individual exhibitions in Spain and abroad, C and all his work, apart from being respected by the critics, is O reaching a level of popularity unthinkable for other contemporary C MIC artists. A He loves black and white and his work contains images that come out from clever D NCE imaginary games in which perspectives and textures create the images. In his hands a cage can be filled with clouds, a spoon can project a fork’s shadow and ITER two hairgrips are transformed, as if by magic, into an eye that cries. It’s the universe LATURE of Chema Madoz (Madrid, 1958), the photographer changes the reality in each image, U transmitting the certainty that almost nothing it’s what it seems. M SIC AI PNTING HOT POGRAPHY CU S LPTURE

PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE RCHI ATECTURE IN C EMA O C MIC A D NCE ITER LATURE U M SIC AI PNTING HOT POGRAPHY CU S LPTURE

PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE RCHI MARIANO BENLLIURE TECTURE He was born in Grao of Valencia, in the bosom of a family with a large artistic A tradition. Besides, he was an early artist and he showed his talent for sculpture IN since he was a child. He participated in his first contests and exhibitions before C EMA he was ten years-old. O He would become one of the most famous Spanish sculptors of the 20th century C MIC and from his youth he began to develop his style about a subject in which he stands out now: tauromachy, representing in bronze different phases and figures A of bullfighting. When he was thirteen years-old he participated in the Fine Arts NCE D National Exhibition in 1876 showing a group of sculptures made of wax called La ITER cogida de un picador (The goring of a picador). LATURE U M SIC AI PNTING HOT POGRAPHY CU S LPTURE

PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE RCHI ALONSO CANO ATECTURE As sculptor his most famous works are IN the altarpiece of Nuestra Señora de la C EMA Oliva (Virgin of the Olive Tree) in the church of Lebrija, and the gigantic O figures of Saint Peter and Saint Paul. MIC C As a maker of religious images, Cano A has left us with many masterpieces, D NCE from which we can highlight his famous ITER Inmaculada del Facistol of the ATURE cathedral of Granada, a masterpiece L with only 5 dm height created in 1655 U in polychrome wood that given its M SIC fineness and virtuosity was soon moved AI to the sacristy for better protection PNTING and to favor its contemplation. In Sevilla, Cano created another one of HOT his most important works, the POGRAPHY Inmaculada Concepción that is venerated in the parish church of Saint CU Julian. It’s an sculpture made of S LPTURE polychrome wood with 1,41 m height.

PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE RCHI ATECTURE Spanish sculptor considered to be one of the IN most important sculptors of the 20th C EMA century. He defended public work as a way to guarantee the access to his work instead O of creating works of art in series. Some of C MIC his most famous works are not only in public A places but are also an inherent part to it; D NCE like the Peine del Viento (The Comb of the Wind) in San Sebastián or the huge Elogio ITER del Horizonte (The Praise of the Horizon) in LATURE Gijón. U Since he became internationally well-known SIC M in the 50’s, the work of Chillida has been AI represented in the main art museums and PNTING collections of Europe and the United States. His works have also been commented and HOT analyzed by art historians and critics and by POGRAPHY poets. His work means an inevitable legacy of reference in the contemporary artistic CU scene. S LPTURE

PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE