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1 Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project NICHOLAS SHAPIRO LAKAS Interviewed by: Charles Stuart Kennedy Initial interview date: February 25, 2002 Copyright 2009 A ST TABLE OF CONTENTS Background Born and raised in Ne York City Work ith National Youth Administration (NYA) George Washington (niversity (S Navy, World War II (Italy and Pacific) ,oined the Foreign Service in 19.8 0arriage Glasgo , Scotland1 Consular Officer 19.821930 Polish Free Army visa applicants Environment Scots emigration Island of Cork, Ireland, Principal Officer 193121933 Consular cases Environment Relations ith Embassy (S federal beneficiaries Ale9andria, Egypt1 Deputy Principal Officer 193321937 President Nasser Nasser nationalizes Suez Canal Company Attack on Egypt Embassy and Consulate evacuation Environment As an Dam (niversity of Wisconsin1 Advanced Political Science study 193721938 Speaking engagements Liberalism State Department1 Personnel Officer 193821960 1 Visa Correspondence Course Efficiency Reports State Department: FSI1 Arabic language training 196021961 Beirut, Lebanon1 Arabic language training 196121962 Au ait, Economic Officer 19622196. Environment Reporting Foreign community IraBi threat of invasion British American oil interests Relations ith government and populace Security Tripoli, Libya1 Commercial Officer 196.21966 Department of Commerce1 Deputy Director, Office of 196621968 International Investments Overseas investments American Chamber of Commerce Aorea Work environment Seoul, Aorea1 Economic C Commercial Counselor 196921972 Security (SAID Government 0ilitary Living Buarters (S Ambassadors Aorean officials Aorean trade fair (S commercial interests Corruption (SDAorea Society Investment legislation Returning Aorean students Environment Vietnam War Commercial intelligence State Department1 Director of Commercial Program 197221973 2 Relations ith Department of Commerce World Directory Trade Reports (WTDRs) Retirement 1973 INTERVIEW ENote: This intervie as not edited by 0r. Lakas.G ": I was wondering whether we can start by when and where were you born$ LAAAS: Ne York City, 0anhattan, on 0arch 13, 1920. ": Can you tell me something about the background of, first your father, and then your mother, please$ LAAAS: 0y dad as born in 0acedonia, in a to n called Aozani. It as under Turkish occupation at that time. He emigrated to the (nited States, sometime early in 1900. 0y mother as born in Sparta. She emigrated to the (nited States, the same time as my father. They married in Ne York City. They met there. ": They were both (reek Orthodox$ LAAAS: She as half Greek. ": Was this a strong strain that ran in your family, with both the church and (reek...$ LAAAS: (nBuestionably. They spoke Greek in the house for Buite sometime, to the point here, I think I as about seven or eight, and suggested to my mother that since this as America, e ought to speak some English. ": So, you grew up speaking (reek, then$ LAAAS: Yes, IHm fluent in Greek. ": What type of business was your father in$ LAAAS: A chef. ": Where$ I mean, did he move around$ LAAAS: Yes, he did in Ne York City, from various places. I donHt remember particularly hat restaurants he orked ith. Sometimes they ere cafeterias, and 3 sometimes they ere full service restaurants. But, that is all I can remember. Once in a hile, e persuaded him to cook in the house. I as Buite impressed ith his cooking. ": I take it your mother was at home$ LAAAS: Oh yes, absolutely. ": -rothers, sisters$ LAAAS: No, IHm an only child. ": id you grow up in New /ork City the whole time$ LAAAS: (ntil I as 19 years old. ": That0s pretty much growing up there. LAAAS: IHm a product of the public school system. The Regents board in my family as Buite common in my day. I attended PS .3 on 2.th Street, in bet een Eighth and Seventh Avenue, then up to Harlem and attended PS 110 on Lenno9 Avenue, and 116th. Then, e moved over to PS 163, on 109th Street, bet een Amsterdam and Broad ay, and then ent to George Washington High School. They had an anne9 at the time. We did one year at the anne9, and then t o years over there, because of junior high school in Ne York City. ": I would like to go back to when you were in elementary school. Was it completely an urban area$ LAAAS: It as very much Ne York City, 0anhattan. ": Was the street your playground, more or less$ LAAAS: The seasons ere clearly demarked by hat games you played. We played stick ball. ": /ou played with a broom stick. LAAAS: Yes, and e used the se ers as plates. We had some problems ith the traffic, but e managed. Then, there ould be roller skating. ": id you play hockey$ LAAAS: No. We played stickball, ball games, the famous game, hardball. Central Park as Buite near us, so e could use the facilities at Central Park. Did you ever see spinning topsI . ": /es. LAAAS: That also marked the beginning of a season. ": Where you would try to knock somebody else0s top off$ LAAAS: Yes, and then there ere marbles. Depending on hat neighborhood you lived in, Italian, Greek or mi9ture, prominence ould be given to certain games. Also, e ere Buite acclimating. 0i9ing in my apartment building. I remember Italians living above me, and people ne9t to me ere Irish, one floor do n. In the evening, e kids ould be invited to have dumplings and cabbage, or hatever as available. I think it had something to do ith preparing me for my Foreign Service career. Because of the cosmopolitan, you became accustomed to neighbors of different religions and backgrounds. Everyone as very friendly. We all ere of one economic stratum. We erenHt so badly off, and then in 1929 and 1930, the effects of the depression began to move in. ": /ou were able to feel it. LAAAS: Oh, very much so, because I remember seeing my father unable to get jobs as a chef. It reduced our income a great deal. Our income at that time as a good salary1 it as $30 or $33 a eek. We did Buite ell on that. I can remember my mother could take one pot and create an entire banBuet. Being a close2knit family as e ere, Greeks, cousins, first, second cousins, e9tended family, it as usual for a door to open on a Sunday, and there they ere. They ere uninvited, but e never thought of inviting anyone, it as just the ay it as. The omen ould go in the kitchen and help prepare food. I miss that, particularly the grandfather, grandmother hierarchy. They sort of presided over the family. When e appealed to them for a Supreme Court decision... What should be done ith me, for e9ample, they told you, and mother and dad respected them a great deal. When I say I miss it, I donHt think IHm going to cry about it, but I miss the unity, I miss the substance, the depth of family caring for one another, particularly, ithout asking, you ere cared for. When approaching my age, you ere cared for. ": Well, at home, when you were growing up, by the time you were 12, or 12, Roosevelt was in, and the New Deal, and the depression and all. I was wondering how much this probated for what you remember$ LAAAS: First of all, to us Greek folk, President Roosevelt as pretty close to one of the Gods on 0ount Olympus. Not everybody had a radio, and e didnHt. So, perhaps, a sign of my time as that e ould tell everyone that there ould be a fireside chat. We ould all rush out to hear it, and hang onto every ord, because e trusted the man. He seemed to speak to us, and give us the hope e felt e needed, particularly being in Ne York City, a major city, or Detroit, or Chicago. We seemed to be besieged by the approach of the revolution. There as a lot of unhappiness. It hit me almost immediately as a young 3 child. To alk do n Si9th Avenue or Seventh, Thirtieth or Fortieth Street, here the employment offices ere located, ith signs outside that said, KBusboy anted,L for e9ample. There ould be, perhaps, 130 people lined up to intervie for the job. Even more than that, people ere selling apples and oranges from crates, on the street corners, for a nickel. There ould be the area here you ould receive food for the Khomeless,L so to speak, but you erenHt really homeless. You ere destitute. That hit me very, very much, as to ho this could happen, hen earlier, there seemed to be prosperity. Everybody seemed to be comfortable, and no , I see people selling apples for a nickel. In my case, I needed a coat, and I had holes in my shoes, the soles. 0y mother ould say, KWeHll go do n and see your uncle, and see if e can borro $3.00,L and sometimes e ould find out there as none. This sort of gives you a feeling that my father, having been the provider of the family, had been Buieted by the situation of that time. For hatI He didnHt have a job. 0y mother tried to pull us together, and she did the best she could. It didnHt hit me as much in my morale, as it hit my parents. Things got orse, and orse and orse, until e ent on hat as called Khome relief,L or elfare. I remember ho unhappy I as having to go do n to the office of the elfare people to collect bags of potatoes, and hatever else they had available for us to bring home. I found it very humiliating. I remember my father going into a hospital, not feeling particularly ell..
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