DOCSLIB.ORG

King Solomon's Whiteness: King James and The

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
King Solomon's Whiteness: King James and The KING SOLOMON’S WHITENESS: KING JAMES AND THE SCRIPTURALIZATION OF WHITENESS IN EARLY MODERN BRITAIN by Ron Michael Serino Bachelor of Arts, 1993 Emory University Atlanta, GA Master of Divinity, 1996 Union Theological Seminary New York, NY Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Brite Divinity School in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Biblical Interpretation Fort Worth, TX December 2016 KING SOLOMON’S WHITENESS: KING JAMES AND THE SCRIPTURALIZATION OF WHITENESS IN EARLY MODERN BRITAIN APPROVED BY DISSERTATION COMMITTEE: Timothy Sandoval_________________________________ Dissertation Director Claudia Camp____________________________________ Reader Vincent Wimbush_________________________________ Reader Jeffrey Williams__________________________________ Associate Dean for Academic Affairs Joretta Marshall___________________________________ Dean WARNING CONCERNING COPYRIGHT RESTRICTIONS The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted materials. Under certain conditions specified in the law, libraries and archives are authorized to furnish photocopy or reproduction. One of these specified conditions is that the photocopy or reproduction is not to be used for any purpose other than private study, scholarship, or research. If a user makes a request for, or later uses, a photocopy or reproduction for purposes in excess of “fair use,” that user may be liable for copyright infringement. This institution reserves the right to refuse to accept a copying order if, in its judgment, fulfillment of the order would involve violation of copyright law. Copyright © 2016 by Ron M. Serino All rights reserved CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS...............................................................................................................v ABBREVIATIONS........................................................................................................................vi CHAPTER 1 KING JAMES, “GREAT BRITAIN’S SOLOMON”.............................................1 Overview......................................................................................................1 Methodological and Hermeneutical Lenses: Postcolonial Biblical Criticism, Critical Race Theory, Biblical Reception History, and Cultural Criticism.................................................................................10 Contributions of Dissertation.....................................................................16 Overview of Following Chapters...............................................................19 CHAPTER 2 HISTORICAL, LITERARY, AND IDEOLOGICAL CONTEXTS FOR THE REPRESENTATION OF JAMES AS SOLOMON AND THE SCRIPTURALIZATION OF WHITENESS...................................................23 The Early Modern Context of Jacobean Britain........................................23 Contexts and Significance of Primary Texts and Authors.........................31 The Importance of the Early Seventeenth Century in the Process of the Scripturalization of Whiteness: Ideological and Political Influences on Biblical Interpretation..........................................................................50 CHAPTER 3 THE SCRIPTURALIZATION OF WHITENESS: THE INFLUENCE OF THE RISE OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE..................................................................60 Religion and the Rise of the British Empire..............................................60 Biblical Sanctification in the Imperialist Ideology of King James: The Quest for Ophirian Gold from the Mines of King Solomon................67 CHAPTER 4 THE SCRIPTURALIZATION OF WHITENESS: ENGLISH EXCEPTIONALISM AND THE CONSTRUCTION OF RACE.................104 Introduction..............................................................................................104 iii God’s Chosen (and Unchosen) People: English Exceptionalism and the Construction of Racial Whiteness......................................................106 The Combination of Color Symbolism with Exceptionalism in the Construction of Whiteness.................................................................133 From Womb to Tomb: Racial Essentialism in the Context of Empire— White Racism and the “White Man’s Burden”..................................151 Conclusion...............................................................................................157 CHAPTER 5 THE SCRIPTURALIZATION OF WHITENESS: THE INFLUENCE OF CHANGING EPISTEMOLOGY ON BIBLICAL INTERPRETATION.....158 Introduction..............................................................................................158 The Role of Protestant Biblical Literalism: From Allegory to Typology160 The Role of Proto-Individualism: “Authorizing” Individual Authority..167 The Role of Empiricism: Claiming Objectivity, Impartiality, and Universality........................................................................................172 Literalist, Individualist, Empiricist Biblical Typologies: The Multiple Personalities of Late Pre-Critical Interpretation................................176 Solomon as a White Imperialist: King James as Divinely Chosen Davidic Messiah, Divinely Authorized British Imperialist, and Divinely Inspired Biblical Author....................................................................180 Conclusion...............................................................................................192 CONCLUSION............................................................................................................................194 BIBLIOGRAPHY........................................................................................................................198 iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I stand on the shoulders of giants and alongside many gracious souls. My greatest thanks for many personal sacrifices during the production of this work go to my family, Elizabeth, Michael, and Anthony, and to my parents, Robert and Linda. Thanks also go to my sister, Amy, to all our families, and to the scholarly colleagues and personal friends who have made the journey bearable. For guidance during my doctoral work, thanks go to Timothy Sandoval, Claudia Camp, Keri Day, David Gunn, Ariel Feldman, Joretta Marshall, Warren Carter, Francisco Lozada, Namsoon Kang, Wil Gafney, Shelly Matthews, Toni Craven, Leo Perdue, and the faculty and staff of Brite Divinity School and Texas Christian University. I give thanks for friends and mentors at Union Theological Seminary in New York who laid the foundations of my current thought, many of whom have provided ongoing support: Vincent Wimbush, Jennifer Harvey, Phyllis Trible, Edwina Hunter, George Landes, Michael Patrick O’Connor, James Cone, Beverly Harrison, Larry Rasmussen, and Delores Williams. To the communities associated with First Congregational United Church of Christ in St. Louis and Meeting Ground (Clairvaux Farm) in Maryland, thank you for all you have taught me in our ministries together. Last but not least thanks go to my classmates at Emory University and to the people of Second Baptist Church and White Station High School in Memphis, all of whom play roles in the direction of my thoughts and being. Thank you all. v ABBREVIATIONS AB Anchor Bible ABD Anchor Bible Dictionary. Edited by David Noel Freedman, et al. 6 vols. New York: Doubleday, 1992 ABS Archaeology and Biblical Studies ANE Ancient Near East AOTC Abingdon Old Testament Commentaries BDB Brown, Francis, S. R. Driver, and Charles A. Briggs. A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament BHS Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia. Edited by Karl Elliger and Wilhelm Rudolph. Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 1983 BI Biblical Interpretation BibInt Biblical Interpretation Series BZAW Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft Contemplations Joseph Hall. Contemplations upon the Principall Passages of the Holy Storie. 8 vols. London: Nathaniel Butler, 1612-26 CRT Critical Race Theory DCH Dictionary of Classical Hebrew. Edited by David J. A. Clines. 9 vols. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1993-2016 EEBO Early English Books Online. http://eebo.chadwyck.com FOTL Forms of the Old Testament Literature HALOT The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament. Ludwig Koehler, Walter Baumgartner, and Johann Jakob Stamm. Translated and edited under the supervision of M. E. J. Richardson. 5 vols. Leiden: Brill, 1994-2000 Heb. Hebrew HB Hebrew Bible vi HSM Harvard Semitic Monographs IBC Interpretation: A Bible Commentary for Teaching and Preaching IEJ Israel Exploration Journal JBL Journal of Biblical Literature JSOT Journal for the Study of the Old Testament JSOTSup Journal for the Study of the Old Testament Supplement Series JSTOR www.jstor.org KJV King James Version LHBOTS Library of Hebrew Bible / Old Testament Studies LXX Septuagint MT Masoretic Text NIB The New Interpreter’s Bible. Edited by Leander E. Keck. 12 vols. Nashville: Abingdon, 1994-2004 NRSV New Revised Standard Version NT New Testament OED Oxford English Dictionary. www.oed.com OT Old Testament OTL Old Testament Library Paraphrase Joseph Hall. An Open and Plaine Paraphrase, upon the Song of Songs, which is Salomons. London: 1609. Reprinted in Hall, Solomon’s Divine Arts Pilgrimage Samuel Purchas. Purchas His Pilgrimage or Relations of the World and the Religions Observed in all Ages and places Discovered, from the Creation unto this Present. London: William Stansby for Henrie Fetherstone, 1626 (STC 205085). EEBO vii Pilgrimes Samuel Purchas, Hakluytus
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Intimations Surnames
    Intimations Extracted from the Watt Library index of family history notices as published in Inverclyde newspapers between 1800 and 1918. Surnames H-K This index is provided to researchers as a reference resource to aid the searching of these historic publications which can be consulted on microfiche, preferably by prior appointment, at the Watt Library, 9 Union Street, Greenock. Records are indexed by type: birth, death and marriage, then by surname, year in chronological order. Marriage records are listed by the surnames (in alphabetical order), of the spouses and the year. The copyright in this index is owned by Inverclyde Libraries, Museums and Archives to whom application should be made if you wish to use the index for any commercial purpose. It is made available for non- commercial use under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-ShareAlike International License (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 License). This document is also available in Open Document Format. Surnames H-K Record Surname When First Name Entry Type Marriage HAASE / LEGRING 1858 Frederick Auguste Haase, chief steward SS Bremen, to Ottile Wilhelmina Louise Amelia Legring, daughter of Reverend Charles Legring, Bremen, at Greenock on 24th May 1858 by Reverend J. Nelson. (Greenock Advertiser 25.5.1858) Marriage HAASE / OHLMS 1894 William Ohlms, hairdresser, 7 West Blackhall Street, to Emma, 4th daughter of August Haase, Herrnhut, Saxony, at Glengarden, Greenock on 6th June 1894 .(Greenock Telegraph 7.6.1894) Death HACKETT 1904 Arthur Arthur Hackett, shipyard worker, husband of Mary Jane, died at Greenock Infirmary in June 1904. (Greenock Telegraph 13.6.1904) Death HACKING 1878 Samuel Samuel Craig, son of John Hacking, died at 9 Mill Street, Greenock on 9th January 1878.
    [Show full text]
  • Our Grimston Rectors by Stephanie Hall © 2021
    Our Grimston Rectors By Stephanie Hall © 2021 Contents Page Our Medieval Rectors ............................................................................................................................. 2 Rev Thomas Hare .................................................................................................................................... 5 Rev Nicholas Carr- died 1530 .................................................................................................................. 6 Rev Richard (or Edward) Rochester died in 1560 ................................................................................... 7 Rev Rochester , 1530 – 1560 ................................................................................................................... 8 Rev William Pordage (Porridge) - died 1585 .......................................................................................... 9 Reverend William Thorowgood , 1544 – 1625 ..................................................................................... 10 Reverend Thomas Thorowgood, 1588 -1669........................................................................................ 12 Rev John Brockett 1613-1664 ............................................................................................................... 14 Reverend Thomas Cremer 1635 - 1694 ................................................................................................ 16 Reverend John Cremer 1663 - 1743 ....................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Collecting Old Masters for New York: Henry Gurdon Marquand and the Metropolitan Museum of Art
    Volume 9, Issue 1 (Winter 2017) Collecting Old Masters for New York: Henry Gurdon Marquand and the Metropolitan Museum of Art Esmée Quodbach [email protected] Recommended Citation: Esmée Quodbach, “Collecting Old Masters for New York: Henry Gurdon Marquand and the Metropolitan Museum of Art,” JHNA 9:1 (Winter 2017), DOI: 10.5092/jhna.2017.9.1.2 Available at https://jhna.org/articles/collecting-old-masters-new-york-henry-gurdon-mar- quand-metropolitan-museum-of-art/ Published by Historians of Netherlandish Art: https://hnanews.org/ Republication Guidelines: https://jhna.org/republication-guidelines/ Notes: This PDF is provided for reference purposes only and may not contain all the functionality or features of the original, online publication. This PDF provides paragraph numbers as well as page numbers for citation purposes. ISSN: 1949-9833 JHNA 7:2 (Summer 2015) 1 COLLECTING OLD MASTERS FOR NEW YORK: HENRY GURDON MARQUAND AND THE METROPOLITAN MUSEUM OF ART Esmée Quodbach The subject of this article is the collector Henry Gurdon Marquand (1819–1902), banker and railroad financier, and a noted member of the burgeoning class of newly prosperous business magnates of Gilded Age New York. An exception- ally civic-minded patron, Marquand set out in the early 1880s to assemble a group of first-class Old Master paintings for the Metropolitan Museum of Art. This paper explores Marquand’s acquisitions, especially the Flemish and Dutch paintings he bought. Focusing on Marquand’s 1889 gift of thirty-seven Old Masters to the museum—the first gift of its kind—this paper also considers Marquand’s aspirations, not only as a major private collector but especially as a leading donor to the institution, whose second president he became in 1889.
    [Show full text]
  • 126613742.23.Pdf
    c,cV PUBLICATIONS OF THE SCOTTISH HISTORY SOCIETY THIRD SERIES VOLUME XXV WARRENDER LETTERS 1935 from, ike, jxicUtre, in, ike, City. Chcomkers. Sdinburyk, WARRENDER LETTERS CORRESPONDENCE OF SIR GEORGE WARRENDER BT. LORD PROVOST OF EDINBURGH, AND MEMBER OF PARLIAMENT FOR THE CITY, WITH RELATIVE PAPERS 1715 Transcribed by MARGUERITE WOOD PH.D., KEEPER OF THE BURGH RECORDS OF EDINBURGH Edited with an Introduction and Notes by WILLIAM KIRK DICKSON LL.D., ADVOCATE EDINBURGH Printed at the University Press by T. and A. Constable Ltd. for the Scottish History Society 1935 Printed in Great Britain PREFACE The Letters printed in this volume are preserved in the archives of the City of Edinburgh. Most of them are either written by or addressed to Sir George Warrender, who was Lord Provost of Edinburgh from 1713 to 1715, and who in 1715 became Member of Parliament for the City. They are all either originals or contemporary copies. They were tied up in a bundle marked ‘ Letters relating to the Rebellion of 1715,’ and they all fall within that year. The most important subject with which they deal is the Jacobite Rising, but they also give us many side- lights on Edinburgh affairs, national politics, and the personages of the time. The Letters have been transcribed by Miss Marguerite Wood, Keeper of the Burgh Records, who recognised their exceptional interest. Miss Wood has placed her transcript at the disposal of the Scottish History Society. The Letters are now printed by permission of the Magistrates and Council, who have also granted permission to reproduce as a frontispiece to the volume the portrait of Sir George Warrender which in 1930 was presented to the City by his descendant, Sir Victor Warrender, Bt., M.P.
    [Show full text]
  • Pocahontas's Two Rescues and Her Fluid Loyalty
    言語・地域文化研究 第 ₂6 号 2020 103 Pocahontas’s Two Rescues and Her Fluid Loyalty Hiroyuki Tsukada ポカホンタスの二つの助命と忠誠心の揺らぎ 塚田 浩幸 要 旨 ポカホンタスは、二度、ジョン・スミスの命を救った。一度目は有名な助命で、1607 年 12 月、インディアンの首長パウハタンによる処刑の寸前に、ポカホンタスが捕虜スミ スに自分の体をなげうって助命をした。これは、スミスの死と生まれ変わりを象徴的に 意味し、入植者をインディアンの世界に迎え入れる儀式で、ポカホンタスはスミスを救 うというあらかじめ決められた役割を担った。この一度目の助命の真偽については長ら く論争が行なわれてきたが、スミスが 1608 年 6 月の報告書簡でポカホンタスを「比類な き人物」と高く評価できたという事実は、助命が実際に起きたことを示している。その 6 月の時点で、スミスは助命の他に、取引や物資の提供と人質解放交渉の場面でポカホ ンタスと会う機会を持っていたが、それらの場面においては、スミスが「比類なき人物」 と評価することができるほどの行動をポカホンタスがとっていなかったからである。そ して、スミスがその報告書簡でポカホンタスを紹介したのは、入植事業の宣伝のために インディアンとの平和友好をアピールするねらいがあった。つまり、スミスに批判的な 研究者が主張するように、スミスがポカホンタスの人気にあやかって自分の名声をあげ るために助命を捏造したのではなく、助命に感銘を受けたスミスがポカホンタスの人気 を作り上げたといえるのである。 パウハタンは、一度目の助命でポカホンタスをインディアンと入植者の平和友好のシ ンボルとして仕立て上げ、その後の平和的な外交の場面にもポカホンタスを同行させて いた。しかしながら、二度目の助命は、パウハタンの外交方針に逆らって、ポカホンタ ス自身の意思によって行なわれた。1609 年 1 月、インディアンと入植者の関係が悪化す るなか、パウハタンがスミスを本当に襲おうとしているところをポカホンタスがスミス に密告して救った。この二つの助命のあいだの期間、ポカホンタスは入植者と頻繁に会 うなかで理解を深め、パウハタン連合のインディアンとしての忠誠心に揺らぎを生じさ せていたのである。つまり、ポカホンタスは、単なるパウハタンの遣いとしての平和友 好のシンボルであることをやめ、自らを平和友好の使者として確立させるに至ったので ある。 本稿の著作権は著者が保持し、クリエイティブ・コモンズ表示 4.0 国際ライセンス（CC-BY）下に提供します。 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.ja 104 論文 ポカホンタスの二つの助命と忠誠心の揺らぎ （塚田 浩幸） Table of contents 1. Introduction 2. A special relationship between Pocahontas and John Smith 3. Refutation of all existing theories 4. Demonstration of the veracity of the rescue 5. Conclusion 1. Introduction Pocahontas saved John Smith twice. The frst instance came in December 1607, when she symbolically ofered her own head to save Smith’s
    [Show full text]
  • The Movement for the Reformation of Manners, 1688-1715
    THE MOVEMENT FOR THE REFORMATION OF MANNERS, 1688-1715 ANDREW GORDON CRAIG 1980 (reset and digitally formatted 2015) PREFACE TO THE 2015 VERSION This study was completed in the pre-digital era and since then has been relatively inaccessible to researchers. To help rectify that, the 1980 typescript submitted for the degree of PhD from Edinburgh University has been reset and formatted in Microsoft “Word” and Arial 12pt as an easily readable font and then converted to a read-only PDF file for circulation. It is now more compact than the original typescript version and fully searchable. Some minor typographical errors have been corrected but no material published post-1980 has been added except in the postscript (see below). Pagination in the present version does not correspond to the original because of computerised resetting of the text. Footnotes in this version are consecutive throughout, rather than chapter by chapter as required in the 1980 version. The original bound copy is lodged in Edinburgh University Library. A PDF scan of it is available at https://www.era.lib.ed.ac.uk /bitstream/handle/1842/6840/254333.pdf A further hand-corrected copy is available together with my research archive in the Special Collections Department at St Andrews University Library. http://www.st- andrews.ac.uk/library/specialcollections/ A note for researchers interested in the movement for the reformation of manners 1688-1715 and afterwards has been added as a postscript which lists other studies which have utilised this work and its sources in various ways. I am grateful to the Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland for its generous scholarship support while a research student at Edinburgh University undertaking this study in the 1970s and to the following for their encouragement, guidance and support during the creation and completion of this research.
    [Show full text]
  • Mundella Papers Scope
    University of Sheffield Library. Special Collections and Archives Ref: MS 6 - 9, MS 22 Title: Mundella Papers Scope: The correspondence and other papers of Anthony John Mundella, Liberal M.P. for Sheffield, including other related correspondence, 1861 to 1932. Dates: 1861-1932 (also Leader Family correspondence 1848-1890) Level: Fonds Extent: 23 boxes Name of creator: Anthony John Mundella Administrative / biographical history: The content of the papers is mainly political, and consists largely of the correspondence of Mundella, a prominent Liberal M.P. of the later 19th century who attained Cabinet rank. Also included in the collection are letters, not involving Mundella, of the family of Robert Leader, acquired by Mundella’s daughter Maria Theresa who intended to write a biography of her father, and transcriptions by Maria Theresa of correspondence between Mundella and Robert Leader, John Daniel Leader and another Sheffield Liberal M.P., Henry Joseph Wilson. The collection does not include any of the business archives of Hine and Mundella. Anthony John Mundella (1825-1897) was born in Leicester of an Italian father and an English mother. After education at a National School he entered the hosiery trade, ultimately becoming a partner in the firm of Hine and Mundella of Nottingham. He became active in the political life of Nottingham, and after giving a series of public lectures in Sheffield was invited to contest the seat in the General Election of 1868. Mundella was Liberal M.P. for Sheffield from 1868 to 1885, and for the Brightside division of the Borough from November 1885 to his death in 1897.
    [Show full text]
  • The Queen of Sheba Visits Solomon
    General Church Paper f the Seventh-day Adventists JUNE 29, 1978 The queen of Sheba visits Solomon See article op, page 10 THIS WEEK Re mew Contents Veronica Morrish of Greenbelt, membership (see also "SAD General Articles Pages 3-12 Maryland, learned to build a new Passes 400,000 Membership Columns attitude for herself. In "The Mark," p. 19). For the Younger Set 9 Garment of Praise" (p. 4), Mrs. The index of articles, authors, %IF For this Generation 14 Morrish, who teaches preschool and subjects that we publish 128th Year of Continuous Publication children in her home, describes twice yearly begins on page 27. Focus on Education 15 EDITOR Family Living 13 how she recovered faith in God This index has proved to be a Kenneth H. Wood From the Editors 15 and expelled her hatred for those valuable aid to many researchers. ASSOCIATE EDITORS Newsfront 17-26 who so maliciously wronged her. Art and photo credits: J. J. Blanco, Don F. Neufeld News Notes On page 6 the REVIEW editor Cover, Herbert Rudeen; p. 3, ASSISTANT EDITOR 25 Jocelyn Fay Index 27-31 continues his report on the trip he Gene Ahrens; p. 4, Tom Dun- and his wife, Miriam Wood, bebin; p. 9, Harold Munson; p. ASSISTANT TO THE EDITOR Back Page 32 Eugene F. Durand made recently to South America, 10, Gert Busch; p. 11, NASA; ADMINISTRATIVE SECRETARY In her darkness and despair a division that has just surpassed all other photos, courtesy of the Corinne Russ following her husband's murder, the 400,000 mark in church respective authors.
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolution of Hollywood's Representation of Arabs Before 9/11: the Relationship Between Political Events and the Notion of 'O
    Networking Knowledge: Journal of the MeCCSA Postgraduate Network, Vol 1, No 2 (2007) ARTICLE The evolution of Hollywood's representation of Arabs before 9/11: the relationship between political events and the notion of 'Otherness' SULAIMAN ARTI, Loughborough University ABSTRACT This article will deliberate on the political motives behind the stereotypical image of Arabs in Hollywood in the period before 9/11. Hollywood has always played a propagandist as well as a limitative role for the American imperial project, especially, in the Middle East. This study suggests that the evolution of this representation has been profoundly influenced by political events such as the creation of Israel, the Iranian Islamic revolution and the demise of the Soviet Union. Hollywood’s presentation of Arabs through a distinctive lens allows America, through Hollywood, to present the Middle East as ‘alien’ and so helps to make it an acceptable area for the exercise of American power. The interpretations of Hollywood’s representation of Middle Easterners involve different, often contradictory, types of image. They also suggest that the intensification of the Arabs’ stereotypical image over the last century from ‘comic villains’ to ‘foreign devils’ did not occur in a vacuum but, certainly, with the intertwinement of both political and cultural interests in the region. It is believed that this was motivated indirectly by U.S imperial objectives. KEYWORDS Imperialism, Propaganda, Hollywood, Arabs, Politics and Others. Introduction The Middle East has long been ubiquitous in American cultural rhetoric; topics featuring Arabs and Muslims appear in various American media including discussions, news coverage and, most accessibly and influentially, in films and television entertainment programmes.
    [Show full text]
  • S. N. S. College, Jehanabad
    S. N. S. COLLEGE, JEHANABAD (A Constituent unit of Magadh University, Bodh Gaya) DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY KEY-NOTES JAMES-I (1603-1625) ​ FOR B.A. PART – I BY KRITI SINGH ANAND, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, DEPTT. OF HISTORY, S.N. SINHA COLLEGE, JEHANABAD 1 James I (1603 - 1625) James VI King of Scotland was the great grandson of Margaret, the daughter of HenryVIII of England. The accession of James Stuart to the English throne as James I, on the death of Elizabeth in 1603, brought about the peaceful union of the rival monarchies of England and Scotland. He tried to make the union of two very different lands complete by assuming the title of King of Great Britain. There was peace in England and people did not fear any danger from a disputed succession inside the country or from external aggression. So strong monarchy was not considered essential for the welfare of the people. Even towards the end of the reign of Queen Elizabeth, Parliament began to oppose the royal will. The attempts of the new king to make the two lands to have one parliament, one church and one law failed miserably, because the Scots were not interested in the union and the English Parliament did not co- operate with him for it did not trust him. James I had experience as the King of Scotland and he knew very well the history of the absolute rule of the Tudor monarchs in England. So he was determined to rule with absolute powers. He believed in the theory of Divine Right Kingship and his own accession to the English throne was sanctioned by this theory.
    [Show full text]
  • Scottish Borderers Between 1587 and 1625
    The chasm between James VI and I’s vision of the orderly “Middle Shires” and the “wickit” Scottish Borderers between 1587 and 1625 Anna Groundwater Scottish History, University of Edinburgh L’élimination du crime le long des frontières anglaises, de pair avec un plus grand sérieux face à ce problème à partir de 1587, fait partie d’une monopolisation générale de l’utilisation de la violence et des procédés légaux par le gouvernement écossais. Au fur et à mesure que la succession de Jacques Stuart sur le trône anglais devenait vraisemblable, le contrôle des frontières s’est accéléré, et les chefs expéditionnaires des raids outre frontières y ont contribué. Aux environs de 1607, Jacques affirmait que les désordres frontaliers s’étaient transformés en une harmonie exemplaire au sein d’une nouvelle unité transfrontalière, les « Middle Shires ». Toutefois, ceci était davantage l’expression de la vision qu’avait Jacques de l’union politique de l’Écosse et de l’Angleterre, contredite par la séparation effective des organisations frontalières écossaise et anglaise, et qui a duré jusqu’en 1624. Cet article examine les transformations de la loi et du crime dans les régions frontalières, ainsi que la détérioration de la perception qu’avait le gouvernement de ces frontières. Those confining places which were the Borders of the two Kingdomes, where here- tofore much blood was shed, and many of your ancestours lost their lives; yea, that lay waste and desolate, and were habitations but for runnagates, are now become the Navell or Umbilick of both Kingdomes […] where there was nothing before […] but bloodshed, oppressions, complaints and outcries, they now live every man peaceably under his owne figgetree […] The Marches beyond and on this side Twede, are as fruitfull and as peaceable as most parts of England.1 o James declared in March 1607 to the English parliament as its members dis- Scussed the merits of union.
    [Show full text]
  • How English Baptists Changed the Early Modern Toleration Debate
    RADICALLY [IN]TOLERANT: HOW ENGLISH BAPTISTS CHANGED THE EARLY MODERN TOLERATION DEBATE Caleb Morell Dr. Amy Leonard Dr. Jo Ann Moran Cruz This research was undertaken under the auspices of Georgetown University and was submitted in partial fulfillment for Honors in History at Georgetown University. MAY 2016 I give permission to Lauinger Library to make this thesis available to the public. ABSTRACT The argument of this thesis is that the contrasting visions of church, state, and religious toleration among the Presbyterians, Independents, and Baptists in seventeenth-century England, can best be explained only in terms of their differences over Covenant Theology. That is, their disagreements on the ecclesiological and political levels were rooted in more fundamental disagreements over the nature of and relationship between the biblical covenants. The Baptists developed a Covenant Theology that diverged from the dominant Reformed model of the time in order to justify their practice of believer’s baptism. This precluded the possibility of a national church by making baptism, upon profession of faith, the chief pre- requisite for inclusion in the covenant community of the church. Church membership would be conferred not upon birth but re-birth, thereby severing the links between infant baptism, church membership, and the nation. Furthermore, Baptist Covenant Theology undermined the dominating arguments for state-sponsored religious persecution, which relied upon Old Testament precedents and the laws given to kings of Israel. These practices, the Baptists argued, solely applied to Israel in the Old Testament in a unique way that was not applicable to any other nation. Rather in the New Testament age, Christ has willed for his kingdom to go forth not by the power of the sword but through the preaching of the Word.
    [Show full text]