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No. 4 [41]/2011 ROMANIA “CAROL I” NATIONAL DEFENCE UNIVERSITY CENTRE FOR DEFENCE AND SECURITY STRATEGIC STUDIES No. 4 [41]/2011 68-72 Panduri Street, sector 5, Bucharest, Romania Telephone: (021) 319.56.49; Fax: (021) 319.55.93 E-mail: [email protected]; Web address: http://impactstrategic.unap.ro, http://cssas.unap.ro “CAROL I” NATIONAL DEFENCE UNIVERSITY PRINTING HOUSE BUCHAREST, ROMANIA The Centre for Defence and Security Strategic Studies’ scientific quarterly magazine acknowledged by the National University Research Council as a B+ magazine Editorial Board: Teodor Frunzeti, Professor, PhD, chairman Marius Hanganu, Professor, PhD Gheorghe Calopăreanu, Associate Professor, PhD Constantin Moştoflei, Senior Researcher, PhD Hervé Coutau-Bégarie, director, PhD (Institute for Compared Strategy, Paris, France) John L. Clarke, Professor, PhD (European Centre for Security Studies “George C. Marshall”, Germany) Adrian Gheorghe, Professor Eng., PhD (Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA) Libor Frank, PhD (Institute for Strategic Studies, Defence University, Brno, Czech Republic) Dario Matika, PhD (Institute for Research and Development of Defence Systems, Zagreb, Croatia) Ilias Iliopoulos, Professor, PhD (Hellenic Naval War College, Athens, Greece) Eng. Pavel Necas, PhD (Armed Forces Academy, Liptovsky Mikulas, Slovacia) Dana Perkins, PhD, 7th Civil Support Command - USAREUR, Germany Acad. Alexandru Bogdan, Professor, PhD, Biodiversity Centre, Romanian Academy Scientific Board: Grigore Alexandrescu, Senior Researcher Alexandra Sarcinschi, Senior Researcher, PhD PhD Cristian Băhnăreanu, Researcher, PhD Richard Stojar, PhD Dorel Buşe, Associate Professor, PhD Costică Ţenu, Professor, PhD Gheorghe Deaconu, Associate Professor, PhD Mihai Velea, Professor PhD Nicolae Dolghin, Senior Researcher, PhD Andryi Volosyn, PhD Petre Duţu, Senior Researcher, PhD Editors: Constantin Moştoflei, Senior Researcher, PhD, editor-in-chief Cristina Bogzeanu, Research Assistant, deputy editor-in-chief Daniela Răpan George Răduică, PhD The authors are responsible for their articles’ content, respecting the provisions of Law no. 206 from 27th, May 2004, regarding the conduct in scientific research. ISSN 1842-9904 (online edition) STRATEGIC IMPACT CONTENTS POLITICAL-MILITARY TOPICALITY New Paradigms of Armed Combat and Their Influence on Military Forces’ Training Teodor FRUNZETI, PhD, Marius HANGANU, PhD.......................................................................5 Challenges for the Common Security and Defence Policy – EU Battlegroups Gheorghe CALOPĂREANU, PhD.................................................................................................16 International Security Institutions and Libyan Crisis – Co-Operation or Competition Pascu FURNICĂ, PhD....................................................................................................................21 GEOPOLITICS AND GEOSTRATEGIES ON THE FUTURE’S TRAJECTORY South Africa - Emerging Power Dorel BUŞE, PhD...........................................................................................................................27 Energy Potential of Ukraine as Part of the Expansion of Raw Materials and Energy Base of the European Union Andryi VOLOSIN, PhD................................................................................................................34 NATO AND EU: POLITICS, STRATEGIES, ACTIONS Rapid Reaction Force - Basic Component of the European Defence System Ion BĂLĂCEANU, PhD...................................................................................................................43 “National Interest” Concept in European Context Cristina BOGZEANU.......................................................................................................................48 Level of Correlation Between the Romanian Law and the European Union Law Concerning the Management of Emergency and Extreme Risk Situations Mirela ATANASIU, PhD...................................................................................................................58 SECURITY AND MILITARY STRATEGY Education, Strategic Factor for National Security Viorel BUŢA, PhD............................................................................................................................72 Aggresions to Critical Infrastructures, with Military and Non-Military Implications Gheorghe MINCULETE, PhD, Daniela RĂPAN...............................................................................76 Multidimensionality of the Modern Battlefield and a New Strategic Dimension of Confrontation Iulian ALISTAR.................................................................................................................................83 ANALYSIS, SYNTHESIS, EVALUATIONS Possible Methodologies of Intervention (Prevention) Assessment under Conditions of Extreme Risk Gheorghe VĂDUVA, PhD.................................................................................................................90 Industrial Accident Risk Assesment Cristian BĂHNĂREANU, PhD.......................................................................................................100 “Nuclear Spring” of Prague: a Utopia? Iulia MOISE.....................................................................................................................................107 STRATEGIC IMPACT No. 4/2011 STRATEGIC IMPACT POINTS OF VIEW The Security of National Strategic Supply Petre DUŢU, PhD............................................................................................................................114 REVIEWS Afghanistan, Ten Years of Fight Against Terror..................................................................................119 CDSSS’ AGENDA The activities of the Centre for Defence and Security Strategic Studies, October - December 2011 Irina TĂTARU.................................................................................................................................122 Instructions for Foreign Authors........................................................................................................124 4 STRATEGIC IMPACT No. 4/2011 POLITICAL-MILITARY TOPICALITY NEW PARADIGMS OF ARMED COMBAT AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON MILITARY FORCES’ TRAINING Teodor FRUNZETI, PhD* Marius HANGANU, PhD** War, as a complex phenomenon, has experienced population”1, “fourth generation warfare”2, new forms of expression with the evolution of asymmetric conflict3, effects-based operations, society or, more exactly, simultaneously with the and network-based war. development of scientific knowledge, with technical and technological progress. At the same time, there 1.1. War among civil population have appeared and developed various theories Conventional wars were fought in open space and paradigms of armed combat. The latter have on land, sea or air, often plain. In this perspective, exercised constant influence on military training the city was but rarely the theater of an armed various levels. confrontation. Key-words: war among civil population; Currently, the old paradigm of “the war in open asymmetric conflict; network-based warfare, space”, a symmetrical war, led by an industrial effects-based operations; new paradigm training. power against other industrial powers, an interstate war, a technical war if not a war of technology, of 1. Considerations on the new paradigm high intensity, with fronts moving with the infantry of armed combat unit supported by armor, artillery, aviation was As in any other field of social theory and replaced with the new paradigm of the “war among practice, armed combat is constantly evolving as a civil population”. In other words, conventional, result of social development, scientific knowledge, interstate war was replaced by “new” wars4 technical and technological progress. Evolution – low-intensity wars, medium- intensity wars, theories often turn to armed combat paradigm, asymmetrical wars, fourth generation warfare, namely to those scientific achievements consisting information warfare and network-based warfare, in a characteristic set of beliefs and preconceptions urban guerrilla and insurgency. and being able to perform knowledge functions We should emphasize the merits of the new typically attributed to shared rules. paradigm and of this new model of post-Western Currently, there are a range of new paradigms war5. Since 1990, new wars have become of armed combat. Among them, it is frequently increasingly urban. Since the end of the Cold War, debated and written about “war among civil the battles are becoming urban combats. It can be * Lieutenant-General��������������������������������������������������� Professor Teodor FRUNZETI (tfrun�eti������������������������������unap.ro) has one doctorate in military sciences and another one in political sciences and is the rector and commandant of “Carol I” National Defence University, Bucharest, Romania. ** Rear Admiral (r.) professor Marius HANGANU (mhanganu�unap.ro), has a doctorate in military sciences and is the deputy commandant for scientific research and deputy rector with “Carol I” National Defence University, Bucharest, Romania. STRATEGIC IMPACT No. 4/2011 POLITICAL-MILITARY TOPICALITY said that three quarters of the conflicts that took a strong country. An important role in clarifying place in the 1990s were conflicts in urban areas. the circumstances of using lethal force is held by On the other hand, if one takes into account that, in the rules of engagement which have to be clear 2025, two thirds of the world population will
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