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Publié P a ~ Et Llngulrtique Afrlcslne Centre De Recherches Llngulstiques Et Sénlologlques Unlverslté Lyon 2 Membres De L'éq

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Publié P a ~ Et Llngulrtique Afrlcslne Centre De Recherches Llngulstiques Et Sénlologlques Unlverslté Lyon 2 Membres De L'éq Publié pa~le Laboratoire de Phonétlque et Llngulrtique Afrlcslne Centre de Recherches Llngulstiques et Sénlologlques Unlverslté Lyon 2 Membres de l'équipe : Jean A. BLANCHON Lwise Y. PüiiTANEY Jean-Harle HOHBERT François NSUKA NKUTSI GllberL PUECH Toute Eorrespondance est à adresrer à : Jean-Marie Hombort Université Lyon 2 - C.R.L.S. Avenue Plerre Hendèn Franee case 11. 69676 BRON CEDEX. FRMiCE Prix du RU&PO : 50 Francs. Payable par chèque ou mandat IntsrnatlOnal établi à l'ordre d& l'Agent Comptable de l'Université Lyon 2 (CCP LYON 9403.50 T) avec la iantlon "Pour 1s CRLS" et envoyé à l'adresse cl-dessus. PHOLIA 1 (1984) SOMMAIRE BLANCHON J.A. - Présentation du Yi-Lumbu dans ses rapports avec le Yi-Punu et le Ci-VI1i à travers un conte traditionnel ............................... BLANCHON J.A. k F. NSUKA NKUTSI - Détermination des classes tonales des nominaux en Ci-Vili, I-Sang" et I-N~ebi ........................................... FONTANEY V.L. - Notes tovards a description of Teke (Gabon) ........................................... HOMBERT J.M. - Phonétique expérimentale et diachronie: Application à la tonogenèse (résumé) .............. HOMûERT J.H. - Tonogenesis revisited ................. HONBERT J.M. - Réflexion sur le mécanisme des change- ments phonétiques ................................. HOMûERT J.M. - Les systèmes tonals des langues afri- caines : typologie et diachronie .................. HONBERT J.M. k A.M. MORTIER - Bibliographie des langues du Cabon .................................. HOMBERT J.M., NSUKA NKUTSI F. k C. PUECH - Pour l'application au swahili des techniques de traite- ment automatique de la parole ..................... HOMBERT J.M. 61 G.PUECH - Espace vocalique et structu- Patio" Perceptuelle : application au swahili ...... MARAVAL G., POINT R. b G. PUECH - Conversion digitale- analogique pour la synthèse de la parole sur mini- ordinateur ........................................ NSUKA NKUTSI F. - Formatifs et auxiliaires dans les langues bantoues : quelques critères de détermina- tion .............................................. PUECH G. - Explalnlng certain vovel and tonal harmony PPOC~~~~Sby echo ................................. PUECH C. - Le traitement de la parole au laboratoire de phonétique installé au CRLS .................... PHOLIR est une publication annuelle qui rassemble des contributions consacrées à la Phonétique et à la Linguistique Africaine. Elle contient des articles écrits en français et en anglais par les membres du Laboratoire de Phonétique et Linguis- tique Africaine du C.R.L.S. (Centre de Recheiohes Linguistiques et Sérni~lo~iques).Cette équipe, implantée à l'université Lyon 2, fait partie du LACITO (Laboratoire de Langues et Civili- sations à Tradition Orale, LP3-121 du C.N.R.S.) ; elle est également partie prenante à la RCP "Phonétique Expérimentale'. Les thèmes de recherche de l'équipe sont : - l'analyse interne et comparative des langues bantoues ; - la phonétique expérimentale eome aide à la décision phonolo- gigue : application aux systèmes synchroniques et aux évolu- tion~diachroniques ; - l'utilisation de l'informatique dans l'étude des langues africaines : traitement de la parole et bases de données. La collecte des données s'effectue en laboratoire avec des informateurs de langues bantoues à Lyon ou sur le terrain ; elle peut occasionnellement concerner d'autres langues d'Afrique. Parmi les contributions incluses dans PIIOI.IA, cer- taines sont dans leur version définitive, d'autres constituent une version préliminaire. Les auteurs tiennent à remercier les institutions qui permettent ces recherches et cette publication. Ils tiennent également à manifester leur gratitude à Mlles Monique Croirier et Anne-Marie Wortier pour le dévouement, la compétence et la Patience dont elles ont fait preuve pour que PIiOLIA paraisse. PRESENTATION OU YI-LUHBU DANS SES RAPPORTS AVEC LE YI-PUNU ET LE CI-VIL1 B travers un conte traditionnel Jean A. BLANCHON 1. Introduction Les Ba-Lumbu occupent au sud du Gabon un territoire en bordure de 1,océan qui s'étend de la lagune Ndogo au nord à la lagune Banio (inoluse) au sud. Une partie de l'ethnie se trouve en République Populaire du Congo. Au Gabon, les principales agglomérations sont nayumba, Setté-Cama et Gamba. Les relations avec les Ba-Punu de l'intérieur sont très anciennes et bon nombre de Ba-Lumbu sc sont fixés à Tchibanga en territoire punu. L'aménagement du port de nayumba se faisant attendre, la région a tendance à se dépeupler et les Ba-Lumbu émigrent de plus en plu5 vers les centres où ils peuvent trouver du travail comme Pwt-Gentil (secteur pétrolier) et bien sûr Libreville (secteur tertiaire). La langue Yi-Lumbu (8.44) a été classée par nalcolm Guthrie dans le groupe 8.40 qui eomprend également le yi-Sira ou Eshira (B.41), le I-Sangu (0.42). le Yi-Punu (8.43) ain~ique les parlers des Ba-Vungu et dos Ba-Varama. Les locuteurs de tous ces parlers sont conscients d'appartenir à une même communauté linguistique et affirment que l'intercompréhension est à peu près assurée entre eux. Les Ba-Lumbu sont en oontact au Nord avec lqavancée extrème des Eshira (du même groupe linguistique) et aveo des populations de langue Wçnr (groupe 8.10) ; par contre, au sud, ils sont en contact avec les Ba-Punu (du même gmupe linguistique) et vivent en symbiose avec les Ba-Vili dont la langue (H.12) appartient au groupe Kongo. Aussi le Yi-Lumbu de Setté-Cama et celui de Hayumba sont-ils légèrement diffé- Penh. 2. Conte Le conte dont on trouvera ci-dessous une transcription et une traduction m'a été raconté en 1980 Par Honsieur Hbumba Ngulu Richard, résidant provisoirement à Lyon et originaire de Hayumba. Il illustre donc le parler de cette localité. Le Yi-Lumbu, comme le Yi-Punu, possède un ton descendant à partir d'un registre plus haut que le registre haut. Pour le Yi-Punu il avait été décidé que le registre supra-haut était pertinent et que la descente ne l'était pas (Nsuks Nkutsi, 1980). Il était donc juaqu'ici noté : cY ou CG,. Cette concep- tion est probablement à réviser ; mais comme une solution définitive ne saurait, à mon avis, être prise que dans le cadre d'une étude sur l'eniemble du groupe B.40, J'ai noté ici le ton oorrespondant du Yi-Lumbu c? ou &i, à titre purement conserva- toire. La flèche, indique une intonation suspensive qui r'accompagne d'un allongement parfois con~idérablede la voyelle rinale et empêobe la réduction de a à [al. L'abienoe de tout diacritique sur une voyelle signale le ton bas. Le chasseur et le revenant Dans un (certain) village il y avait un homme avec sa famille. Dans ce village, c'était la disette : il n'y avait plus de viande. Les gens ne mangeaient que des légumes. Cet homme avait un fusil. Il prit son fusil et dit : "Je vais aller à la chasse". Il partit ; il traversa deux villages. Il entra dans une petite forêt. Une fois entré, il entendit un écureuil (gui faisait) : onanatopées. "Ahm dit lqhomme, *~etiens une bête. Je vais tuer cet écureuil. Nous mourons de faim toute la famille". Il avança. Laéoureuil se mit à reculer. Il dressa la queue, puis la laissa retomber : onomatopées. L'homme quant à lui se coucha, prit son fusil, le bourra, y mit du plomb. Etant passé derrière l'arbre, il vit tout là-bas un homme aasia. Il entendit : "Ne t'en va pas 1 Ne recule pas 1 Tu m'as bien aperçu. Approche 1" L'homme s'avança. Il avait peur. L'écureuil, alors, s'est enfui. L'écureuil s'est enfui. Il ne dit rien d'autre. L'homme arriva là-bas. 11 souleva l'homme assis sous l'arbre. Cet home qui est-ce 7 Un revenant 1 Un assassin 1 Il le chargea sur son dos. Ils se mirent en chemin. (L'homme) dlt : "Où allons-nous maintenant ?" Le revenant dit : "Suis le chemin. Ce chemin-cl. Allons suis-le 1' ~w8~labu mvéiya ibalnuai(nga) dibayala na yffuimba yixndi. swdrla bibu. nauazmba : nbitsi yisiindi. &tu y1 biyGyi na biykyi. oibbrala beidfdi aba na &ta br!ilndi. hrsibOinua &tr / : "lit, o &ceria ngiiwexnda". Uveinda, uvy&iTa Y ; mail; muatli. ~taikôtao mu% misiru. Dikota ak8ta Y , ayÛlu n8êi1eingi : nd, nsyé, nurbka ( ter). Hax dibayala ri : mfnu ngana yfbulu. MIygboka n&tleinai dyi. rétu, nwaiinba tuv$xfu na yffuimba". ~tsikotr. Ndrlernqi uvdtana nibisa. utki muyfla, unainmila, ut:,tsi muyfia. "~~6, murkka" (bis). nitu bel vtrndi ateiï8buia Y ; tÔi bLta usoya, ; utiila mayéli. ~ivyoryaivyoxya di mbusa m6ri , imona vingr mut" 8kala. A~'Û,~U: "uyarbêvitana I @Pivutana 1 unau&mbonina kala. ~t,tsa,naa!+' &tu bcx atslw6~nda. Akana hgma / . ~oêile~ngi,ahai, anarizna, . ~~2~1e~naianarcina. asar&tuba. n6tu ber atefturya v8rnr, . unginaula dibayala dfkala votai niri. oibdraia dfna 8nâ î ~ftetnwr1 eunyr 1 ntsiminanaula 6 mbuea. Ratsfhasiya mu nltlr. Y: : $ke tukave 7". Ditein"; ti : mm~dndalnnanr?ia. ~zfla$,YI. No6 ulgnda vanni !" Il le prit sur son dos. Ils se mirent en route. Il prit son fusil et le mit sur son épaule. 11 mit le revenant sur son dos. Le revenant lui faisait entrer ses doigts dans le corps. Il marcha. Il traversa une rivière. L'homme dit : "Moi j'ai le corps fatigué. Va-t-en que je me P~POJB*. Le revenant dit : "Non, je ne veux pas. Repose-toi donc. Je ne te tiens pas le corps". L'home se reposa. Une fois reposés, ils repPirent leur marche. Les voilà partis (sur) le chemin du village. Ils sont maintenant loin. Ils arrivèrent ainsi à une forêt. (Le chasseur) dit : "Descends. Je vais ramasser du bois". Le revenant dit : "Coupe donc du bois. Je ne te tiens pas. Est-ce que je t'ai pris les bras 7 Non. Je ne te tiens pas les bras. Coupe donc ton bois". 11s coupèrent du bois. Le soleil quant à lui se coucha.
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