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WMO Bulletin, Volume 32, No. 4

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WMO Bulletin, Volume 32, No. 4 - ~ THE WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION (WMO) is a specialized agency of the Un ited Nations WMO was created: - to faci litate international co-operation in the establishment of networks of stations and centres to provide meteorological and hydrologica l services and observations, 11 - to promote the establishment and maintenance of systems for the rapid exchange of meteoro­ logical and related information, - to promote standardization of meteorological and related observations and ensure the uniform publication of observations and statistics, - to further the application of meteorology to aviation, shipping, water problems, ag ricu lture and other hu man activities, - to promote activi ties in operational hydrology and to further close co-operation between Meteorological and Hydrological Services, - to encourage research and training in meteorology and, as appropriate, in related fi elds. The World Me!eorological Congress is the supreme body of the Organization. It brings together the delegates of all Members once every four years to determine general policies for the fulfilment of the purposes of the Organization. The ExecuTive Council is composed of 36 directors of national Meteorological or Hydrometeorologica l Services serving in an individual capacity; it meets at least once a year to supervise the programmes approved by Congress. Six Regional AssociaTions are each composed of Members whose task is to co-ordinate meteorological and re lated activities within their respective regions. Eight Tee/mica! Commissions composed of experts designated by Members, are responsible for studying meteorologica l and hydro­ logica l operational systems, app li ca ti ons and research. EXECUTIVE COUNCIL Preside/11: R. L. KI NTA NA R (Phil ippines) Firs! Vice-Presidenl: Ju. A. IZRAEL (USSR) Second Vice-PresidenT: Zou JI NGMENG (China) Tlrird Vice-Presidelll: J. P. BRUCE (Canada) Regional AssociaTion presidenTs Africa (1): 1orth and Central America (IV): W. DEGEFU (Ethiopia) S. AGU ILAR ANGU IANO (Mexico) Asia (ll): South-West Pacific (V): U THU TA (B urma) (acTing) Ho TONG YUEN (Malaysia) South America (I ll): Europe (VI): A. W. KABAKIBO C. A. GREZZI (Uruguay) (Syrian Arab Republic) Elec!ed members S. P. ADHIKARY (Nepal) J. P. N. LABROUSSE (France) L.-K. AHIALEGBEDZI (Togo) E. Ll NGELBACH (Fed. Rep. of Germany) S. ALAIMO (A rgentina) G. MANKEDI (Congo) M. A. BADRA N (Egypt) SIR JOHN MASON (United Kingdom) A. BE NSAR I (Morocco) J. K. MURITH I (Kenya) C. E. BERRIDGE (British Caribbean Territories) A. NANIA (Italy) S. K. DAS (India) C. PADILHA (Brazi l) J. DELMAR CORREA (Peru) V. RICHTER (Czechoslovakia) J. OJJGBENOU (Ivory Coast) R. M. ROMAIH (Saudi Arabia) P. GoNZA LEZ- HABA GONZALEZ (Spain) M. SECK (Senegal) J. GONZALEZ MONTOTO (Cuba) V. A. SIMANGO (Zambia) R. E. HALLGREN (USA) S. SUYEHIRO (Japan) · E. J. JATILA (Finland) J. W. ZILLMAN (Australia) TECHNICAL COMMISSION PRESIDENTS Aeronautical Meteorology: J. KASTELEIN Hydrology: R. H. CLARK Agricultural Meteorology: N. GERBIER Instruments and Methods of Observation: Atmospheric Sciences: F. MESINGER S. HUOVILA Bas ic Systems : J. R. NE JLON Marine Meteorology: K. P. VASILIEV Cli matology: J. L. RASMUSSE N The Secretariat of the Organization is located at 41 Avenue Giuseppe-Motta, Geneva, Switzerland WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION SECRETARY -GENERAL : OCTOBER 1983 A. C. WIIN-NIELSEN VOL. 32 NO. 4 DEPUTY SECRETARY-GENERAL: R. UST 276 In this issue 2n The Bulletin interviews: Profe ssor J. Smagorinsky 291 Significant meteorological events in 1982 - Part 11 301 The major Pacific warm episode of 1982/83 306 Professor Heinrich Wild (1833- 1902) 309 Seventy-fifth anniversary of the Australian Bureau of Meteorology 313 Centenary of the Royal Observatory. Hong Kong 316 Regional Meteorological Training Centres: Oran 319 Ninth World Meteorological Cong ress- Review of the main decisions 327 WMO Executive Council - Thirty-fifth session. Geneva. June 1983 329 The First WMO Long-term Plan 1984--1993 331 World Weather Watch 331 Meteorology and ocean affairs 333 Research and development 336 World Climate Research Programme 336 World Climate Data Programme 337 World Climate Applications Programme 338 Hydrology and water resources development 341 Technica l co-operation 345 Education and training 348 News and notes 351 News from the Secreta riat 353 Calendar of coming events 353 Reviews 359 Index (1983) 363 Selected li st of WMO publications 275 When Ninth Congress closed on 26 May 1983 it had adopted directives for the Organization's programme of work for the period 1984-1987 and, in accordance with the agreed philosophy of 'zero growth' in real terms, approved a budget amount only some four per cent above that for the eighth financial period (1980-1983). However, for the first time WMO's supreme governing body went to the extent of endorsing an outline plan for the coming decade; this will be extremely useful for orienting the work of Members and the WMO Secre­ tariat. The report on Congress starts on page 319 and a short contribution on the First WMO Long-term Plan will be found on page 329. For many years the point of reference in global circulation modelling can be said to have been the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory at Princeton (USA), and we are pleased to publish in this number an interview with its director for the past 27 years, Professor Joseph Smagorinsky. Nobody is better placed than he to judge our potential capabilities of predicting the weather over longer time periods, and his conclusions are encouraging. 'Joe' Smagorinsky is handing over the reins at a moment when unprecedented scientific attention is being given to the phenomenon commonly referred to as El Niiio. On page 301 we publish an article on the particularly severe event in 1982/83 which had such catastrophic consequences for the peoples and economy of Pacific maritime countries in South America. This complements the second part of the regular article on significant meteorological events in 1982 which deals with Asia, the South-West Pacific, the Americas and the polar regions. Three articles are by way of observing anniversaries: the sesquicentenary of 1 the birth of Professor H. Wild (page 306), the centenary of the Hong Kong Royal Observatory (page 313) and the seventy-fifth anniversary of the creation of the Australian Bureau of Meteorology (page 309). Finally, on page 316 will be found an account of the Regional Meteorological Training Centre at Oran (Algeria). Price increase lt is regretted that because of continually rising production and distribution costs it has become necessary to increase the WMO Bulletin subscription rates by approximately ten per cent. With effect from 1 January 1984 the charges will be as follows: 1 year-Sw. fr. 44; 2 years-Sw. fr. 71; 3 years-Sw. fr. 100. For dispatch by air mail the corresponding rates will be 57, 93 and 130 Swiss francs. Cover picture: The extraordinarily strong sea-surface temperature warming associated with El Nino in 1982/83 did not only affect fisheries but also gave rise to excessive rainfall with floods which destroyed vast areas of crops and caused much damage. This photograph, provided by the National Meteorological and Hydrological Service of Peru, shows floods in part of the city of Piura in the north of the country. (Photo: Guil/enno Chamo"o) 276 THE BUllETIN INTERVIEWS:··Professor J. Smagorinsky In th e rhird quarter ofrh e seventeenth cenfUIJ', settlers from other parrs of New Jersey bought and srarted ro culrivare th e rich land bordering rh e Millsrone River and Srony Brook. In I 724, rh e nucleus of this communiry of mosrly Quaker farmers was given th e name of Prince Town. A College of New Jersey was founded in I 746, and a few years later a small group of philanrhropic citizens offered land and money to build permanent premises for it in Princeron (as ir larer came ro be known). By 1756 courses had srarted in Nassau Hall which in irs day was th e largesr public building in rh e colonies. Th ere were only 70 students ar jirsr, with three tutors and a president, yer out of these modest beginnings grew up Princeron University, which today is recognized as one of th e most ourstanding narional insrirutions of rh e USA . Professor J. Smagorinsky Phuw: G. A. Corhy 1 Th e Universiry aside, for many people Princeron is one of th e most delighrful resi­ dential cenrres in th e easr. Th e surrounding counti)'Side is green and wooded, th ere are rich and varied cultural activities, and th e town possesses a characrer and atmosphere not found in other conurbations-yer it is only some 70 km from th e cenrre of New York and rarher less from Philadelphia. The Instirute for Advanced Study was founded here in 1930. Its pwpose is to f oster scientific progress in its broadest sense. No degrees are offered; rather it is a forum for those whose intellectual powers have already achieved recognition to come and study diverse problems in th eir particularjield of expertise in a congenial academic environment. Th e Geophysical Fluid Dynamics LaboratOI)I (GFDL) is an organ of the USA 's National Oceanic and A tmospheric Administration. From a small group of specialists in numerical modelling of th e atmospheric general circulation, th e GFDL grew and broadened its scope to embrace observational and modelling studies of th e oceans, planetGI)I atmospheres and atmospheric phenomena on smaller scales. Th e combined experience of the eminent scientists who work here, togeth er with th e superb facilities available, make th e LaboratOIJ' second to none in its field. That it has attained this status is largely due to th e inspired leadership over 27 years of th e retiring director, Professor Joseph Smagorinsky. The dri ver of th e taxi taking the Editor of th e WMO Bulletin to meet Professor Smagorinsky at th e GFDL headquarters building stopped on rh e way to point out th e 277 place where Albert Einstein had worked from I933 to I955.
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