DOCSLIB.ORG

WMO Bulletin, Volume 32, No. 4

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

- ~ THE WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION (WMO) is a specialized agency of the Un ited Nations WMO was created: - to faci litate international co-operation in the establishment of networks of stations and centres to provide meteorological and hydrologica l services and observations, 11 - to promote the establishment and maintenance of systems for the rapid exchange of meteoro­ logical and related information, - to promote standardization of meteorological and related observations and ensure the uniform publication of observations and statistics, - to further the application of meteorology to aviation, shipping, water problems, ag ricu lture and other hu man activities, - to promote activi ties in operational hydrology and to further close co-operation between Meteorological and Hydrological Services, - to encourage research and training in meteorology and, as appropriate, in related fi elds. The World Me!eorological Congress is the supreme body of the Organization. It brings together the delegates of all Members once every four years to determine general policies for the fulfilment of the purposes of the Organization. The ExecuTive Council is composed of 36 directors of national Meteorological or Hydrometeorologica l Services serving in an individual capacity; it meets at least once a year to supervise the programmes approved by Congress. Six Regional AssociaTions are each composed of Members whose task is to co-ordinate meteorological and re lated activities within their respective regions. Eight Tee/mica! Commissions composed of experts designated by Members, are responsible for studying meteorologica l and hydro­ logica l operational systems, app li ca ti ons and research. EXECUTIVE COUNCIL Preside/11: R. L. KI NTA NA R (Phil ippines) Firs! Vice-Presidenl: Ju. A. IZRAEL (USSR) Second Vice-PresidenT: Zou JI NGMENG (China) Tlrird Vice-Presidelll: J. P. BRUCE (Canada) Regional AssociaTion presidenTs Africa (1): 1orth and Central America (IV): W. DEGEFU (Ethiopia) S. AGU ILAR ANGU IANO (Mexico) Asia (ll): South-West Pacific (V): U THU TA (B urma) (acTing) Ho TONG YUEN (Malaysia) South America (I ll): Europe (VI): A. W. KABAKIBO C. A. GREZZI (Uruguay) (Syrian Arab Republic) Elec!ed members S. P. ADHIKARY (Nepal) J. P. N. LABROUSSE (France) L.-K. AHIALEGBEDZI (Togo) E. Ll NGELBACH (Fed. Rep. of Germany) S. ALAIMO (A rgentina) G. MANKEDI (Congo) M. A. BADRA N (Egypt) SIR JOHN MASON (United Kingdom) A. BE NSAR I (Morocco) J. K. MURITH I (Kenya) C. E. BERRIDGE (British Caribbean Territories) A. NANIA (Italy) S. K. DAS (India) C. PADILHA (Brazi l) J. DELMAR CORREA (Peru) V. RICHTER (Czechoslovakia) J. OJJGBENOU (Ivory Coast) R. M. ROMAIH (Saudi Arabia) P. GoNZA LEZ- HABA GONZALEZ (Spain) M. SECK (Senegal) J. GONZALEZ MONTOTO (Cuba) V. A. SIMANGO (Zambia) R. E. HALLGREN (USA) S. SUYEHIRO (Japan) · E. J. JATILA (Finland) J. W. ZILLMAN (Australia) TECHNICAL COMMISSION PRESIDENTS Aeronautical Meteorology: J. KASTELEIN Hydrology: R. H. CLARK Agricultural Meteorology: N. GERBIER Instruments and Methods of Observation: Atmospheric Sciences: F. MESINGER S. HUOVILA Bas ic Systems : J. R. NE JLON Marine Meteorology: K. P. VASILIEV Cli matology: J. L. RASMUSSE N The Secretariat of the Organization is located at 41 Avenue Giuseppe-Motta, Geneva, Switzerland WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION SECRETARY -GENERAL : OCTOBER 1983 A. C. WIIN-NIELSEN VOL. 32 NO. 4 DEPUTY SECRETARY-GENERAL: R. UST 276 In this issue 2n The Bulletin interviews: Profe ssor J. Smagorinsky 291 Significant meteorological events in 1982 - Part 11 301 The major Pacific warm episode of 1982/83 306 Professor Heinrich Wild (1833- 1902) 309 Seventy-fifth anniversary of the Australian Bureau of Meteorology 313 Centenary of the Royal Observatory. Hong Kong 316 Regional Meteorological Training Centres: Oran 319 Ninth World Meteorological Cong ress- Review of the main decisions 327 WMO Executive Council - Thirty-fifth session. Geneva. June 1983 329 The First WMO Long-term Plan 1984--1993 331 World Weather Watch 331 Meteorology and ocean affairs 333 Research and development 336 World Climate Research Programme 336 World Climate Data Programme 337 World Climate Applications Programme 338 Hydrology and water resources development 341 Technica l co-operation 345 Education and training 348 News and notes 351 News from the Secreta riat 353 Calendar of coming events 353 Reviews 359 Index (1983) 363 Selected li st of WMO publications 275 When Ninth Congress closed on 26 May 1983 it had adopted directives for the Organization's programme of work for the period 1984-1987 and, in accordance with the agreed philosophy of 'zero growth' in real terms, approved a budget amount only some four per cent above that for the eighth financial period (1980-1983). However, for the first time WMO's supreme governing body went to the extent of endorsing an outline plan for the coming decade; this will be extremely useful for orienting the work of Members and the WMO Secre­ tariat. The report on Congress starts on page 319 and a short contribution on the First WMO Long-term Plan will be found on page 329. For many years the point of reference in global circulation modelling can be said to have been the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory at Princeton (USA), and we are pleased to publish in this number an interview with its director for the past 27 years, Professor Joseph Smagorinsky. Nobody is better placed than he to judge our potential capabilities of predicting the weather over longer time periods, and his conclusions are encouraging. 'Joe' Smagorinsky is handing over the reins at a moment when unprecedented scientific attention is being given to the phenomenon commonly referred to as El Niiio. On page 301 we publish an article on the particularly severe event in 1982/83 which had such catastrophic consequences for the peoples and economy of Pacific maritime countries in South America. This complements the second part of the regular article on significant meteorological events in 1982 which deals with Asia, the South-West Pacific, the Americas and the polar regions. Three articles are by way of observing anniversaries: the sesquicentenary of 1 the birth of Professor H. Wild (page 306), the centenary of the Hong Kong Royal Observatory (page 313) and the seventy-fifth anniversary of the creation of the Australian Bureau of Meteorology (page 309). Finally, on page 316 will be found an account of the Regional Meteorological Training Centre at Oran (Algeria). Price increase lt is regretted that because of continually rising production and distribution costs it has become necessary to increase the WMO Bulletin subscription rates by approximately ten per cent. With effect from 1 January 1984 the charges will be as follows: 1 year-Sw. fr. 44; 2 years-Sw. fr. 71; 3 years-Sw. fr. 100. For dispatch by air mail the corresponding rates will be 57, 93 and 130 Swiss francs. Cover picture: The extraordinarily strong sea-surface temperature warming associated with El Nino in 1982/83 did not only affect fisheries but also gave rise to excessive rainfall with floods which destroyed vast areas of crops and caused much damage. This photograph, provided by the National Meteorological and Hydrological Service of Peru, shows floods in part of the city of Piura in the north of the country. (Photo: Guil/enno Chamo"o) 276 THE BUllETIN INTERVIEWS:··Professor J. Smagorinsky In th e rhird quarter ofrh e seventeenth cenfUIJ', settlers from other parrs of New Jersey bought and srarted ro culrivare th e rich land bordering rh e Millsrone River and Srony Brook. In I 724, rh e nucleus of this communiry of mosrly Quaker farmers was given th e name of Prince Town. A College of New Jersey was founded in I 746, and a few years later a small group of philanrhropic citizens offered land and money to build permanent premises for it in Princeron (as ir larer came ro be known). By 1756 courses had srarted in Nassau Hall which in irs day was th e largesr public building in rh e colonies. Th ere were only 70 students ar jirsr, with three tutors and a president, yer out of these modest beginnings grew up Princeron University, which today is recognized as one of th e most ourstanding narional insrirutions of rh e USA . Professor J. Smagorinsky Phuw: G. A. Corhy 1 Th e Universiry aside, for many people Princeron is one of th e most delighrful resi­ dential cenrres in th e easr. Th e surrounding counti)'Side is green and wooded, th ere are rich and varied cultural activities, and th e town possesses a characrer and atmosphere not found in other conurbations-yer it is only some 70 km from th e cenrre of New York and rarher less from Philadelphia. The Instirute for Advanced Study was founded here in 1930. Its pwpose is to f oster scientific progress in its broadest sense. No degrees are offered; rather it is a forum for those whose intellectual powers have already achieved recognition to come and study diverse problems in th eir particularjield of expertise in a congenial academic environment. Th e Geophysical Fluid Dynamics LaboratOI)I (GFDL) is an organ of the USA 's National Oceanic and A tmospheric Administration. From a small group of specialists in numerical modelling of th e atmospheric general circulation, th e GFDL grew and broadened its scope to embrace observational and modelling studies of th e oceans, planetGI)I atmospheres and atmospheric phenomena on smaller scales. Th e combined experience of the eminent scientists who work here, togeth er with th e superb facilities available, make th e LaboratOIJ' second to none in its field. That it has attained this status is largely due to th e inspired leadership over 27 years of th e retiring director, Professor Joseph Smagorinsky. The dri ver of th e taxi taking the Editor of th e WMO Bulletin to meet Professor Smagorinsky at th e GFDL headquarters building stopped on rh e way to point out th e 277 place where Albert Einstein had worked from I933 to I955.
Recommended publications
  • Climatology, Variability, and Return Periods of Tropical Cyclone Strikes in the Northeastern and Central Pacific Ab Sins Nicholas S

    Climatology, Variability, and Return Periods of Tropical Cyclone Strikes in the Northeastern and Central Pacific Ab Sins Nicholas S

    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Master's Theses Graduate School March 2019 Climatology, Variability, and Return Periods of Tropical Cyclone Strikes in the Northeastern and Central Pacific aB sins Nicholas S. Grondin Louisiana State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses Part of the Climate Commons, Meteorology Commons, and the Physical and Environmental Geography Commons Recommended Citation Grondin, Nicholas S., "Climatology, Variability, and Return Periods of Tropical Cyclone Strikes in the Northeastern and Central Pacific asinB s" (2019). LSU Master's Theses. 4864. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/4864 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Master's Theses by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CLIMATOLOGY, VARIABILITY, AND RETURN PERIODS OF TROPICAL CYCLONE STRIKES IN THE NORTHEASTERN AND CENTRAL PACIFIC BASINS A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in The Department of Geography and Anthropology by Nicholas S. Grondin B.S. Meteorology, University of South Alabama, 2016 May 2019 Dedication This thesis is dedicated to my family, especially mom, Mim and Pop, for their love and encouragement every step of the way. This thesis is dedicated to my friends and fraternity brothers, especially Dillon, Sarah, Clay, and Courtney, for their friendship and support. This thesis is dedicated to all of my teachers and college professors, especially Mrs.
  • An Experimental Analysis of Resilience in Urban Flood Management in the Taipei Basin

    An Experimental Analysis of Resilience in Urban Flood Management in the Taipei Basin

    Resilience in Space: An experimental analysis of resilience in urban flood management in the Taipei Basin Hsu Chia Sui Email: [email protected] Thesis Supervisor: Kimberly Nicholas Email: [email protected] A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Lund University International Master’s Programme in Environmental Studies and Sustainability Science (LUMES), May 2011 Abstract The existing paradigm of flood management in the Taipei Basin prioritizes structural measures over non-structural measures. This strategy is not sufficiently flexible, particularly in light of increasingly frequent extreme weather. Resilience theory is concerned with the capacity of a system to absorb disturbance and retain its same functions. This study offers new insight by conceptualizing resilience in urban flood management. In particular, it demonstrates to what extent resilience theory as used in research on social-ecological systems was useful in developing a better plan for urban flood management. The study comprises a resilience assessment of flood management in Taipei based on guidelines in a workbook for scientists published by the Resilience Alliance. This study identified the external shocks to the flood management system in the Taipei Basin include typhoons, evidence of increasingly frequent extreme weather, groundwater mining and resulting land subsidence, and rapid urbanization. This study also includes a historical profile of major flooding and hydraulic projects from 1960 to 2010 and analyzes phases in terms of an adaptive cycle. The study concludes that resilience theory was an effective approach to investigating external shocks and stress to the system. Furthermore, the qualitative approach to apply resilience was a useful discourse for envisioning a better urban flood management system.
  • Toward the Establishment of a Disaster Conscious Society

    Toward the Establishment of a Disaster Conscious Society

    Special Feature Consecutive Disasters --Toward the Establishment of a Disaster Conscious Society-- In 2018, many disasters occurred consecutively in various parts of Japan, including earthquakes, heavy rains, and typhoons. In particular, the earthquake that hit the northern part of Osaka Prefecture on June 18, the Heavy Rain Event of July 2018 centered on West Japan starting June 28, Typhoons Jebi (1821) and Trami (1824), and the earthquake that stroke the eastern Iburi region, Hokkaido Prefecture on September 6 caused damage to a wide area throughout Japan. The damage from the disaster was further extended due to other disaster that occurred subsequently in the same areas. The consecutive occurrence of major disasters highlighted the importance of disaster prevention, disaster mitigation, and building national resilience, which will lead to preparing for natural disasters and protecting people’s lives and assets. In order to continue to maintain and improve Japan’s DRR measures into the future, it is necessary to build a "disaster conscious society" where each member of society has an awareness and a sense of responsibility for protecting their own life. The “Special Feature” of the Reiwa Era’s first White Paper on Disaster Management covers major disasters that occurred during the last year of the Heisei era. Chapter 1, Section 1 gives an overview of those that caused especially extensive damage among a series of major disasters that occurred in 2018, while also looking back at response measures taken by the government. Chapter 1, Section 2 and Chapter 2 discuss the outline of disaster prevention and mitigation measures and national resilience initiatives that the government as a whole will promote over the next years based on the lessons learned from the major disasters in 2018.
  • The St·Ructural Evolution Oftyphoo S

    The St·Ructural Evolution Oftyphoo S

    NSF/ NOAA ATM 8418204 ATM 8720488 DOD- NAVY- ONR N00014-87-K-0203 THE ST·RUCTURAL EVOLUTION OFTYPHOO S by Candis L. Weatherford SEP 2 6 1989 Pl.-William M. Gray THE STRUCTURAL EVOLUTION OF TYPHOONS By Candis L. Weatherford Department of Atmospheric Science Colorado State University Fort Collins, CO 80523 September, 1989 Atmospheric Science Paper No. 446 ABSTRACT A three phase life cycle characterizing the structural evolution of typhoons has been derived from aircraft reconnaissance data for tropical cyclones in the western North Pacific. More than 750 aircraft reconnaissance missions at 700 mb into 101 northwest Pacific typhoons are examined. The typical life cycle consists of the fol­ lowing: phase 1) the entire vortex wind field builds as the cyclone attains maximum intensity; phase 2) central pressure fills and maximum winds decrease in association with expanding cyclone size and strengthening of outer core winds; and phase 3) the wind field of the entire vortex decays. Nearly 700 aircraft radar reports of eyewall diameter are used to augment anal­ yses of the typhoon's life cycle. Eye characteristics and diameter appear to reflect the ease with which the maximum wind field intensifies. On average, an eye first appears with intensifying cyclones at 980 mb central pressure. Cyclones obtaining an eye at pressures higher than 980 mb are observed to intensify more rapidly while those whose eye initially appears at lower pressures deepen at slower rates and typ­ ically do not achieve as deep a central pressure. The eye generally contracts with intensification and expands as the cyclone fills, although there are frequent excep­ tions to this rule due to the variable nature of the eyewall size.
  • Notable Tropical Cyclones and Unusual Areas of Tropical Cyclone Formation

    Notable Tropical Cyclones and Unusual Areas of Tropical Cyclone Formation

    A flood is an overflow of an expanse of water that submerges land.[1] The EU Floods directive defines a flood as a temporary covering by water of land not normally covered by water.[2] In the sense of "flowing water", the word may also be applied to the inflow of the tide. Flooding may result from the volume of water within a body of water, such as a river or lake, which overflows or breaks levees, with the result that some of the water escapes its usual boundaries.[3] While the size of a lake or other body of water will vary with seasonal changes in precipitation and snow melt, it is not a significant flood unless such escapes of water endanger land areas used by man like a village, city or other inhabited area. Floods can also occur in rivers, when flow exceeds the capacity of the river channel, particularly at bends or meanders. Floods often cause damage to homes and businesses if they are placed in natural flood plains of rivers. While flood damage can be virtually eliminated by moving away from rivers and other bodies of water, since time out of mind, people have lived and worked by the water to seek sustenance and capitalize on the gains of cheap and easy travel and commerce by being near water. That humans continue to inhabit areas threatened by flood damage is evidence that the perceived value of living near the water exceeds the cost of repeated periodic flooding. The word "flood" comes from the Old English flod, a word common to Germanic languages (compare German Flut, Dutch vloed from the same root as is seen in flow, float; also compare with Latin fluctus, flumen).
  • On Tropical Cyclones

    On Tropical Cyclones

    Frequently Asked Questions on Tropical Cyclones Frequently Asked Questions on Tropical Cyclones 1. What is a tropical cyclone? A tropical cyclone (TC) is a rotational low-pressure system in tropics when the central pressure falls by 5 to 6 hPa from the surrounding and maximum sustained wind speed reaches 34 knots (about 62 kmph). It is a vast violent whirl of 150 to 800 km, spiraling around a centre and progressing along the surface of the sea at a rate of 300 to 500 km a day. The word cyclone has been derived from Greek word ‘cyclos’ which means ‘coiling of a snake’. The word cyclone was coined by Heary Piddington who worked as a Rapporteur in Kolkata during British rule. The terms "hurricane" and "typhoon" are region specific names for a strong "tropical cyclone". Tropical cyclones are called “Hurricanes” over the Atlantic Ocean and “Typhoons” over the Pacific Ocean. 2. Why do ‘tropical cyclones' winds rotate counter-clockwise (clockwise) in the Northern (Southern) Hemisphere? The reason is that the earth's rotation sets up an apparent force (called the Coriolis force) that pulls the winds to the right in the Northern Hemisphere (and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere). So, when a low pressure starts to form over north of the equator, the surface winds will flow inward trying to fill in the low and will be deflected to the right and a counter-clockwise rotation will be initiated. The opposite (a deflection to the left and a clockwise rotation) will occur south of the equator. This Coriolis force is too tiny to effect rotation in, for example, water that is going down the drains of sinks and toilets.
  • Black-Faced Spoonbill, Spoon-Billed Sandpiper and Chinese Crested Tern

    Black-Faced Spoonbill, Spoon-Billed Sandpiper and Chinese Crested Tern

    Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals Secretariat provided by the United Nations Environment Programme 14 th MEETING OF THE CMS SCIENTIFIC COUNCIL Bonn, Germany, 14-17 March 2007 CMS/ScC14/Doc.16 Agenda item 5.1 PROGRESS REPORT ON THE INTERNATIONAL ACTION PLANS FOR THE CONSERVATION OF THE BLACK-FACED SPOONBILL ( PLATALEA MINOR ), SPOON-BILLED SANDPIPER ( EURYNORHYNCHUS PYGMEUS ), AND CHINESE CRESTED-TERN ( STERNA BERNSTEINI ) (Prepared by Mr. Simba Chan, BirdLife International Asia Division) I. Progress to March 2007 1. Preparation of the International Action Plans (IAP) for Black-faced Spoonbill, Chinese Crested-tern and Spoon-billed Sandpiper was unofficially started in late 2004, when BirdLife International Asia Division contacted experts on these species for their involvement in drafting the IAPs. As BirdLife International and its partners in Asia have been involved in conservation activities of Black-faced Spoonbill and Chinese Crested-tern, we believe it is best to have these two species IAP coordinated under BirdLife International Asia Division. On the IAP for Spoon- billed Sandpiper, BirdLife International approached the Shorebird Network of the Asia- Australasian Flyway for cooperation. They recommended Dr Christoph Zöckler, a Spoon-billed Sandpiper expert, to be the coordinator. BirdLife International had discussed with Dr Zöckler several times since 2004 and finally signed an agreement regarding the IAP after signing the Letter of Agreement with the CMS in early 2006. Black-faced Spoonbill Platalea minor 2. Drafting of the IAP for Black-faced Spoonbill goes on smoothly, with four working meetings between compilers who represent all major range countries (Japan, North Korea, South Korea, China including the island of Taiwan and the Hong Kong Special Administration Region) and workshop and symposia held in Tokyo, Tainan (Taiwan), Hong Kong and Ganghwa (South Korea): Tokyo, Japan : 2-6 October 2005 Meeting during the BirdLife Asia Council Meeting and a workshop at the Korea University, Tokyo.
  • Boreal Summer Intraseasonal Oscillation Impact on Western North Pacific Typhoons and Rainfall in Taiwan

    Boreal Summer Intraseasonal Oscillation Impact on Western North Pacific Typhoons and Rainfall in Taiwan

    Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci., Vol. 27, No. 6, 893-906, December 2016 doi: 10.3319/TAO.2016.05.30.01(A) Boreal Summer Intraseasonal Oscillation Impact on Western North Pacific Typhoons and Rainfall in Taiwan Chih-wen Hung1, *, Ho-Jiunn Lin1, Pei-ken Kao 1, Ming-Fu Shih1, and Wei-yi Fong 2 1 Department of Geography, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei City, Taiwan, R.O.C. 2 Department of Geography, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan, R.O.C. Received 22 January 2016, revised 26 April 2016, accepted 30 May 2016 ABSTRACT This study discusses the boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation (BSISO) impact on the western North Pacific (WNP) typhoons and the summer rainfall in Taiwan. The real time BSISO1 and BISISO2 indices are created using the first two and the third and fourth principal components of the multivariate empirical orthogonal function analysis, based on outgoing long-wave radiation and zonal wind at 850 hPa from Lee et al. (2013). The results show that heavy rainfall in Taiwan and the associated WNP typhoon frequency patterns are closely related to the 10 - 30 days BSISO2 phases during the typhoon season (July - October). Taiwan has larger rainfall during BSISO2 phases 3, 4, and 5 when the major BSISO2 convection moves northwestward from the Philippine Sea to the Taiwan area. During phases 3 and 4 the anomalous low-level cyclonic flow and the increased typhoon frequency directly result in larger rainfall in Taiwan. Phase 5 exhibits enhanced low-level southwesterly flow which transports the moisture to Taiwan responsible for more summer rainfall on the island.
  • Super Typhoon HAIYAN Crossed the Philippines with High Intensity in November 2013 Dr

    Super Typhoon HAIYAN Crossed the Philippines with High Intensity in November 2013 Dr

    Super typhoon HAIYAN crossed the Philippines with high intensity in November 2013 Dr. Susanne Haeseler, Christiana Lefebvre; updated: 13 December 2013 Introduction Super typhoon HAIYAN, on the Philippines known as YOLANDA, crossed the islands between the 7th and 9th November 2013 (Fig. 1 to 3). It is classified as one of the strongest typhoons ever making landfall. The storm surge, triggering widespread floods, and winds of hurricane force caused by HAIYAN wreaked havoc. In this connection, HAIYAN bears much resemblance to a typhoon in the year 1912, even with respect to the effects (see below). Fig. 1: Infrared satellite image of typhoon HAIYAN being located across the Philippines, acquired on 8 November 2013, 09 UTC. Up to 5 m high waves hit the coastal areas. Ships capsized, sank or ran aground. In Tacloban, the capital of the province of Leyte, even three bigger cargo ships were washed on the land. Numerous towns were partly or totally destroyed. Trees were blown down. There were power outages and the communication was knocked out. Destroyed streets and airports hampered the rescue work and further help. Hundreds of thousands of people lost their homes. Although many people sought shelter, thousands lost their lives. 1 The National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC) of the Philippines provided the following information about the effects of the typhoon in the Situational Report No. 61 of 13 December 2013, 6:00 AM, which changed daily even 5 weeks after the event: ▪ 6 009 were reported dead (as of 13 December 2013, 6 AM) ▪ 27 022 injured (as of 13 December 2013, 6 AM) ▪ 1 779 are still missing (as of 13 December 2013, 6 AM) ▪ 3 424 190 families / 16 076 360 persons were affected ▪ out of the total affected, 838 811 families / 3 927 827 persons were displaced and served by evacuation centres ▪ 1 139 731 houses (550 904 totally / 588 827 partially) were damaged.
  • Significant Data on Major Disasters Worldwide, 1900-Present

    Significant Data on Major Disasters Worldwide, 1900-Present

    DISASTER HISTORY Signi ficant Data on Major Disasters Worldwide, 1900 - Present Prepared for the Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance Agency for International Developnent Washington, D.C. 20523 Labat-Anderson Incorporated Arlington, Virginia 22201 Under Contract AID/PDC-0000-C-00-8153 INTRODUCTION The OFDA Disaster History provides information on major disasters uhich have occurred around the world since 1900. Informtion is mare complete on events since 1964 - the year the Office of Fore8jn Disaster Assistance was created - and includes details on all disasters to nhich the Office responded with assistance. No records are kept on disasters uhich occurred within the United States and its territories.* All OFDA 'declared' disasters are included - i.e., all those in uhich the Chief of the U.S. Diplmtic Mission in an affected country determined that a disaster exfsted uhich warranted U.S. govermnt response. OFDA is charged with responsibility for coordinating all USG foreign disaster relief. Significant anon-declared' disasters are also included in the History based on the following criteria: o Earthquake and volcano disasters are included if tbe mmber of people killed is at least six, or the total nmber uilled and injured is 25 or more, or at least 1,000 people art affect&, or damage is $1 million or more. o mather disasters except draught (flood, storm, cyclone, typhoon, landslide, heat wave, cold wave, etc.) are included if the drof people killed and injured totals at least 50, or 1,000 or mre are homeless or affected, or damage Is at least S1 mi 1l ion. o Drought disasters are included if the nunber affected is substantial.
  • 34270 2012Stateoftheclimatelow.Pdf

    34270 2012Stateoftheclimatelow.Pdf

    STATE OF THE CLIMATE IN 2012 Editors Jessica Blunden Derek S. Arndt Chapter Editors Howard J. Diamond Martin O. Jeffries Ahira Sánchez-Lugo A. Johannes Dolman Michele L. Newlin Wassila M. Thiaw Ryan L. Fogt James A. Renwick Peter W. Thorne Margarita C. Gregg Jacqueline A. Richter-Menge Scott J. Weaver Bradley D. Hall Ted A. Scambos Kate M. Willett Technical Editor Mara Sprain AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY COVER CREDITS: FRONT: Kate Stafford — 2012 RUSALCA Expedition,RAS-NOAA, Wrangel Island in the early morning BACK:Terry Callaghan,EU-Interact/Sergey Kirpotin,Tomsk State University — Trees take hold as permafrost thaws near the Altai Mountains in Russia HOW TO CITE THIS DOCUMENT Citing the complete report: Blunden, J., and D. S. Arndt, Eds., 2013: State of the Climate in 2012. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 94 (8), S1–S238. Citing a chapter (example): Jeffries, M. O., and J. Richter-Menge, Eds., 2013: Arctic [in “State of the Climate in 2012”]. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 94 (8), S111– S146. Citing a section (example): Tedesco, M., and Coauthors, 2013: [Arctic] Greenland ice sheet [in “State of the Climate in 2012”]. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 94 (8), S121–S123. EDITOR & AUTHOR AFFILIATIONS (ALPHABETICAL BY NAME) Achberger, Christine, Department of Earth Sciences, University Bell, Gerald D., NOAA/NWS Climate Prediction Center, College of Gothenburg, Sweden Park, MD Ackerman, Stephen A., Cooperative Institute for Meteorologi- Benedetti, Angela, European Centre for Medium-Range cal Satellite Studies, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Weather
  • Natural and Man-Made Catastrophes – Theories, Economics, and Policy Designs

    Natural and Man-Made Catastrophes – Theories, Economics, and Policy Designs

    Natural and Man-made Catastrophes – Theories, Economics, and Policy Designs Natural and Man-made Catastrophes – Theories, Economics, and Policy Designs S. Niggol Seo Muaebak Institute of Global Warming Studies Seoul South Korea This edition first published 2019 © 2019 John Wiley & Sons All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by law. Advice on how to obtain permission to reuse material from this title is available at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions. The right of S. Niggol Seo to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with law. Registered Offices John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA John Wiley & Sons Ltd., The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK Editorial Office 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK For details of our global editorial offices, customer services, and more information about Wiley products visit us at www.wiley.com. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats and by print-on-demand. Some content that appears in standard print versions of this book may not be available in other formats. Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty While the publisher and authors have used their best efforts in preparing this work, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifically disclaim all warranties, including without limitation any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose.