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The Handbook on Water Information Systems THE HANDBOOK ON WATER INFORMATION SYSTEMS ADMINISTRATION, PROCESSING AND EXPLOITATION OF WATER-RELATED DATA March 2018 INBO/UNESCO The drafting of this handbook was coordinated by Some adaptations were made by Natallia Kapitan. Paul Haener of the International Office for Water- Christophe Brachet (IOWater) and Eric Mino IOwater (Permanent Technical Secretariat of the (IOWater) proofread the text and Anne-Marie International Network of Basin Organizations) Harper was responsible for the English with the support of various IOWater experts and translations. in partnership with Youssef Filali-Meknassi The French Agency for Biodiversity provided a (UNESCO-IHP, with the participation of Abou financial support to this publication. Amani, Chloé Meyer, and Koen Verbist), Robert The handbook can be downloaded from the Argent (Bureau of Meteorology/ WWDI), and following websites: Dominique Berod (WMO, with the participation of Silvano Pecora and Tommaso Abrate). www.inbo-news.org The case studies were mainly collected through www.iowater.org INBO networks, and from examples provided by The editorial committee would like to thank the above mentioned partners. all of the contributors. Published in 2018. Translations: Anne-Marie Harper. Layout and design: Scriptoria, free z’be / Christian Fey. ISBN: 978-2-9563656-0-0 This publication is subject to WMO disclaimers available online at https://public.wmo.int/en/disclaimer (March 2018). THE HANDBOOK ON WATER INFORMATION SYSTEMS ADMINISTRATION, PROCESSING AND EXPLOITATION OF WATER-RELATED DATA www.inbo-news.org | www.unesco.org/water/ TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF BOXES ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................5 LIST OF CASE STUDIES...........................................................................................................................................................................................................5 LIST OF FIGURES..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................6 FOREWORD ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................8 TABLE OF ACRONYMS ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................9 1 Introduction.................................................................................................................................................................................................................13 1.1. Context .............................................................................................................................................................................................................13 1.2. How to use this handbook? ...........................................................................................................................................................13 2 Challenges and importance of good water data management...................................................................................15 2.1 Challenges and domains of application ...............................................................................................................................................15 2.1.1 Water-related data and information needs ........................................................................................................................15 2.1.2 Why is organizing access to water-related data so complex?..........................................................................18 2.1.3 Consequences of the lack of easy access to data and information necessary for water management........................................................................................................................................................................21 2.1.4 Conclusion: significant need to develop data production, rationalize access to existing datasets and information, and enhance their visualization and use ............................................................23 2.2 Selecting the right water data management tools – avoiding common mistakes .........................................24 3 Main components/processes related to water data management ........................................................27 3.1 Water data governance ......................................................................................................................................................................................28 3.1.1 Main principles of water data governance.........................................................................................................................28 3.1.2 About financing of WIS......................................................................................................................................................................32 3.2 Data production........................................................................................................................................................................................................33 3.2.1 About in situ monitoring ...................................................................................................................................................................34 3.2.2 Data production through remote sensing ..........................................................................................................................41 3.2.3 Data production through crowd sourcing ....................................................................................................................................45 3.3 Integrated data management and data-sharing organization............................................................................................47 3.3.1 Elements of strategy.............................................................................................................................................................................48 3.3.2 Diagnosis of the existing situation on data management.....................................................................................51 3.3.3 A common language for data comparability....................................................................................................................53 3.3.4 Developing interoperability between information systems..................................................................................56 3.4 Data processing, information production and visualization...............................................................................................62 3.4.1 Water data processing and analysis .......................................................................................................................................62 3.4.2 Transforming datasets into useful and understandable information: dashboards, indicators, maps, graphs, etc.......................................................................................................................................................63 3.5 Information dissemination/ sharing knowledge ...........................................................................................................................66 3.5.1 Tools and methods for disseminating information ....................................................................................................66 3.5.2 Case studies.................................................................................................................................................................................................67 4 Main domains of application .............................................................................................................................71 4.1 Integrated water information systems for iwrm and planning at basin and national levels...................71 4.1.1 Stakes and data/information needs for IWRM ...............................................................................................................71 THE HANDBOOK ON WATER INFORMATION SYSTEMS ADMINISTRATION, PROCESSING AND EXPLOITATION OF WATER-RELATED DATA www.inbo-news.org | www.unesco.org/water/ 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS 4.1.2 Case studies.................................................................................................................................................................................................73 4.2 Water information systems for climate change adaptation................................................................................................81 4.2.1 Challenges and data/information needs for CC adaptation .................................................................................81 4.2.2 Case studies.................................................................................................................................................................................................82 4.3 Early warning systems for flood and drought period management............................................................................85 4.3.1
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