DOCSLIB.ORG

Strategic Change Management in the South African National Defence Force

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Strategic Change Management in the South African National Defence Force STRATEGIC CHANGE MANAGEMENT IN THE SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL DEFENCE FORCE by SAZI LIVINGSTON VELDTMAN Submitted in accordance with the requirements of the degree of DOCTORATE IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION at the UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA PROMOTOR: PROFESSOR GERA FERREIRA JOINT PROMOTOR: PROFESSOR SINVAL KAHN Date: 2018 DECLARATION I declare that “STRATEGIC CHANGE MANAGEMENT IN THE SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL DEFENCE FORCE” is my own work and that all sources that I have quoted have been indicated and acknowledged by means of complete references. _____________________ __________________ Signature Date ii SUMMARY This study investigated strategic change management in the South African National Defence Force (SANDF) during the period 1994 until 2014. Theoretical perspectives on strategic management, institutional culture, leadership and strategic change management in the SANDF were discussed. In addition, a historical perspective on the evolution of South African military culture was given. The study found that a transactional leadership approach was used to transform the SANDF. This transactional leadership approach is commensurate with the preservation of the status quo without radically transforming the institution. On the contrary, the transactional leadership approach fits in well in transforming an institution with a view to bring about a new composite institutional culture, drawn from the integrated institutions. The strategic change management as applied in the SANDF has not succeeded in creating a unified inclusive military culture of the seven former armed forces, from 1994 until 2014. The research has also shown that the institutional culture of the SANDF does not reflect the shared assumptions, beliefs and values of all integrated armed forces. However, the study concluded that transformation in the SANDF as a planned strategic change intervention has not been managed adequately between 1994 and 2014, to achieve the desired results. KEY TERMS: strategic management, change management, leadership, transactional leadership, military culture, institutional culture iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My sincere gratitude to my promotors, Professors Gera Ferreira and Sinval Kahn, for their sterling guidance in my completing this study. Their companionship, trust and confidence kept me ‘doing it right’ when I wanted to settle for less, and motivated me to challenge myself to become better. I am indebted to my family, in particular, my wife Phumla, my father Malamlela, my siblings Mbulelo and Thandeka, and my children, Buntu, Phathiswa, Toivo and Phumela from whom valuable time was ‘borrowed’ to accomplish this thesis, forfeiting my attention as father and friend. To my aunts, Nondili Tengimfene and the late Vuyelwa Pringane, whose determination in life is a source of inspiration to me – you instilled in me the value of education, discipline and an ambition to succeed in life. I am truly indebted. I am grateful to my colleagues and friends, Temba (TT) Matanzima, Sipho and Matsotso Vuso who kept a ‘watching brief’ on this study. Their persistent questions about the progress and their encouragement to complete this study against all odds, kept me going and kept me keeping on. Finally, I owe special thanks to Dr. Gerhard Kamffer, Johan Kruger, Wilna Brooks, Babalwa Matiwane, Mlungisi Khona, Nyabane Maswanganyi, Quinton Derbyshire, Michelle Buthelezi and Nikelwa Tengimfene for their unwavering support. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Page DECLARATION ii SUMMARY iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iv TABLE OF CONTENTS v LIST OF FIGURES xiii LIST OF TABLES xv LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS xvi 1. CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW 1.1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.2 BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE 1 1.3 PROBLEM STATEMENT 5 1.4 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES 5 1.5 RESEARCH QUESTIONS 6 1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 6 1.7 TERMINOLOGICAL CLARIFICATION 7 1.8 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 9 1.8.1 Literature review 9 1.8.2 Survey questionnaires 11 1.8.3 Interviews 13 1.9 EXPOSITION OF CHAPTERS 14 1.10 SUMMARY 15 2 CHAPTER 2: INSTITUTIONAL CONTEXT OF STRATEGIC CHANGE MANAGEMENT 2.1 INTRODUCTION 16 v 2.2 THE NATURE AND SCOPE OF STRATEGIC CHANGE MANAGEMENT 16 2.2.1 Strategic change management 16 2.3 SOURCES OF CHANGE 22 2.3.1 External change 22 2.3.2 Internal change 23 2.4 FIRST AND SECOND-ORDER CHANGE AS AN APPROACH 24 2.5 CHANGE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES 25 2.5.1 Strategic change 26 2.5.2 Cultural change 26 2.5.3 Structural change 27 2.5.4 Changing attitudes and skills 28 2.6 APPROACHES TO MANAGING CHANGE 28 2.6.1 Lewin’s three-step model 28 2.6.2 Action research 29 2.6.2.1 Definition of action research 29 2.6.2.2 Features of action research 30 2.6.3 Management of transformation approach 31 2.6.4 Organisational development 32 2.6.4.1 Definition of organisational development 32 2.6.4.2 Organisational development’s five stages 32 2.7 SYSTEMS APPROACH TO MANAGING CHANGE 35 2.8 RESISTANCE TO CHANGE 37 2.8.1 Systemic level 38 2.8.2 Individual Factors 38 2.9 METHODS TO OVERCOME RESISTANCE TO CHANGE 39 2.10 SUMMARY 41 vi 3 CHAPTER 3: STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK AND PROCESS 3.1 INTRODUCTION 42 3.2 THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES ON STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT 42 3.2.1 Strategy in context 42 3.2.1.1 Strategy defined 42 3.3 STRATEGIC PLANNING 46 3.3.1 Defining Strategic Planning 46 3.4 STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT PROCESS 48 3.4.1 Definition of Strategic Management 48` 3.4.2 Basic activities of Strategic Management 50 3.4.2.1 Strategic analysis 51 3.4.2.1.1 Assessing macro-environment (External environment) 51 3.4.2.1.2 Assessing micro-environment (Internal environment) 53 3.4.3 Formulation of Vision and Mission statement 54 3.4.3.1 Formulating vision 54 3.4.3.2 Mission statement 55 3.4.4 Strategy formulation 55 3.4.5 Strategy implementation 58 3.4.6 Strategy monitoring (evaluation / control) 59 3.5 SUMMARY 61 4 CHAPTER 4: INSTITUTIONAL CULTURE 4.1 INTRODUCTION 64 4.2 THEORETICAL POSITIONING: THE BASIC NATURE OF INSTITUTIONAL CULTURE 64 4.2.1 Defining institutional culture 64 4.2.2 Levels of culture 65 vii 4.2.2.1 Artefacts 66 4.2.2.2 Values 66 4.2.2.3 Basic assumptions 67 4.2.3 Surface components of institutional culture 67 4.3 TYPES OF ORGANISATIONAL CULTURE 69 4.3.1 Power culture 69 4.3.2 Role culture 70 4.3.3 Task culture 70 4.3.4 Person culture 71 4.4 INSTITUTIONAL CULTURE: STRONG AND WEAK 71 4.5 MILITARY CULTURE 73 4.5.1 Etymology regarding military 73 4.5.2 Military culture defined 74 4.5.3 Elements of military culture 75 4.6 SUMMARY 78 5 CHAPTER 5: THE EVOLUTION OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MILITARY CULTURE: A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE 5.1 INTRODUCTION 81 5.2 A COMPENDIUM OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MILITARY PRIOR TO1912 82 5.2.1 The Portuguese and Dutch against Khoikhoi and San 82 5.2.2 The Boers and British settlers against AmaXhosa 83 5.2.3 The Boers and British settlers against Zulus 84 5.2.4 Anglo-Boer war: 1822–1902 85 5.3 HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF THE EVOLUTION OF SOUTH AFRICAN MILITARY: 1912–2014 85 5.3.1 Union Defence Force: 1912–1947 86 viii 5.3.2 South African Defence Force (SANDF): 1948–1993 90 5.3.2.1 Total strategy and the SANDF’s role 93 5.3.2.2 The State Security Council (SSC) and the National Security Management System (NSMS) 94 5.3.3 THE ROLE OF THE TRANSKEI, BOPHUTHATSWANA, CISKEI AND VENDA (TBVC) 96 5.3.4 EMERGENCY OF LIBERATION FORCES: UMKHONTO WE SIZWE (MK) AND THE AZANIAN PEOPLES LIBERATION ARMY (APLA) 97 5.3.4.1 A synoptic overview of the history of UmKhonto weSizwe (MK) 97 5.3.4.2 Historical overview of the Azanian People’s Liberation Army (APLA) 100 5.4 CREATIION OF SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL DEFENCE FORCE (SANDF) AND THE NEW INCLUSIVE MILITARY CULTURE 101 5.4.1 The creation of the South African National Defence Force (SANDF) 102 5.4.2 INCLUSIVE SOUTH AFRICAN MILITARY CULTURE 104 5.4.3 The new role of the SANDF as mandated by the South African government 105 5.5 SUMMARY 105 6 CHAPTER 6: LEADERSHIP 6.1 INTRODUCTION 108 6.2 LEADERSHIP DEFINED 108 6.3 LEADERSHIP VERSUS MANAGEMENT 110 6.4 TRANSACTIONAL AND TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP APPROACH 111 6.4.1 Transactional leadership 111 6.4.2 Transformational leadership 111 6.4.3 Military leadership 112 ix 6.4.4 Military leadership defined 113 6.4.5 Leadership approaches prevalent in the military 114 6.4.6 Command and control 117 6.5 STRATEGIC CHANGE MANAGEMENT IN THE SANDF 119 6.5.1 Structure and functions of the SANDF 119 6.5.2 Strategic change management in the SANDF 122 6.5.2.1 Regulatory framework 122 6.5.2.2 Transformation in the SANDF 123 6.6 SUMMARY 125 7 CHAPTER 7: INSTITUTIONAL CULTURE 7.1 INTRODUCTION 127 7.2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 127 7.3 RESEARCH DESIGN 128 7.4 METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION 129 7.4.1 Quantitative research method 129 7.4.2 Qualitative research method 130 7.5 POPULATION AND SAMPLE 131 7.6 DATA COLLECTION 133 7.6.1 Interviews 133 7.6.2 Questionnaires 135 7.6.3 Documents 137 7.7 ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS 137 7.7.1 Confidentiality and anonymity 138 7.7.2 Informed consent 138 7.8 DATA PROCESSING AND ANALYSIS 139 7.9 SUMMARY 139 x 8. CHAPTER 8: RESEARCH ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF FINDINGS 8.1 INTRODUCTION 141 8.2 ANALYSIS OF THE QUANTITATIVE STUDY 141 8.2.1 Institutional culture 142 8.2.2 Change management 148 8.2.3 Leadership 160 8.3 ANALYSIS OF THE QUALITATIVE STUDY 166 8.3.1 Strategic change management 166 8.3.2 Institutional culture 167 8.3.3 Change management 168 8.3.4 Leadership 169 8.4 SUMMARY 170 9.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Past Veterinarians in South Africa
    PAST VETERINARIANS IN SOUTH AFRICA VOLUME 2 M – Z P J POSTHUMUS BVSc M.B.E. 10th EDITION 123 MAAG, ALFONS (2/7/1866 - 26/1/1933) 7 Born Edinburgh, Germany on 2/7/1886 he graduated f ~~~ the f university in Stuttgart in 1908. In 1914 he came to South, Africa as a Government veterinary Officer under the German Government, but was dismissed from his post when the country was captured by the South African Forces in 1915. From 1915 to 1919 he was ~unemployed as a veterinarian, but greatly assisted with the flu epidemic. For his work in this epidemic he was awarded the Red Cross Medal . In 1922 he, Schmid and Sigwart were appointed by the South West Africa administration and it is interesting to note that these three veterinarians were the only former German officials to be so re-employed. After his appointment he was stationed at Gobabis until his health failed. He died from cancer in his home town in Germany on 26/1/1933. MACDONALD, RODERICK (26/12/1874 - Born in Scotland on 26/12/1874 he qualified as a veterinarian at the university of Ontario Vet. College, Canada in 1891. In 1900 he came to South Africa as a Civil Veterinarian attached to the Army veterinary Department to take part in the Boer War. After the war he joined the volunteer corps i n 1903 and after serving as a trooper in its ranks was promoted to Vety Lieutenant on 15/11/1907 and transferred to the East Rand Mounted Rifles (left wing of the Imperial Light Horse).
    [Show full text]
  • A History of Military Nomenclature in South Africa
    A HISTORY OF MILITARY NOMENCLATURE IN SOUTH AFRICA N.M. COWLING* INTRODUCTION which the British Army and other mili- tary forces made on South African no- Military nomenclature is an important menclature. It is advisable to discuss dimension of military culture and re- the influence of British traditions if one ceives a high profile in some armed is to determine whether or not the forces, while in others it is a relatively guardians of nomenclature in South Af- low priority. In South Africa nomencla- rica managed to distance it from these ture played a very understated role for roots and assume a predominantly a long period but was accorded a South African orientation. Research on higher degree of importance over the points such as these will eventually past fifty years. In order to understand help to outline the true tradition of no- the motivation and pattern of the menclature in the SADF. trends in military nomenclature in South Africa, it is essential to acquaint one- 1912-1947 THE UNION DEFENCE self with the policy of the South African FORCE Defence Force which has regulated and determined the provision of names With the establishment of the Union De- since 1912. Although the history of no- fence Forces (UDF) in 1912, two military menclature in the Defence Force traditions - those of the British Army touches on politically sensitive issues, and the armed forces of the Boer Re- one should to bear in mind that, like publics - were united, although the Brit- most things, the provision of names ish tradition remained dominant in the and titles does not take place inside a UDF.
    [Show full text]
  • Dodannualreport20042005.Pdf
    chapter 7 All enquiries with respect to this report can be forwarded to Brigadier General A. Fakir at telephone number +27-12 355 5800 or Fax +27-12 355 5021 Col R.C. Brand at telephone number +27-12 355 5967 or Fax +27-12 355 5613 email: [email protected] All enquiries with respect to the Annual Financial Statements can be forwarded to Mr H.J. Fourie at telephone number +27-12 392 2735 or Fax +27-12 392 2748 ISBN 0-621-36083-X RP 159/2005 Printed by 1 MILITARY PRINTING REGIMENT, PRETORIA DEPARTMENT OF DEFENCE ANNUAL REPORT FY 2004 - 2005 chapter 7 D E P A R T M E N T O F D E F E N C E A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 0 4 / 2 0 0 5 Mr M.G.P. Lekota Minister of Defence Report of the Department of Defence: 1 April 2004 to 31 March 2005. I have the honour to submit the Annual Report of the Department of Defence. J.B. MASILELA SECRETARY FOR DEFENCE: DIRECTOR GENERAL DEPARTMENT OF DEFENCE ANNUAL REPORT FY 2004 - 2005 i contents T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S PAGE List of Tables vi List of Figures viii Foreword by the Minister of Defence ix Foreword by the Deputy Minister of Defence xi Strategic overview by the Secretary for Defence xiii The Year in Review by the Chief of the SA National Defence Force xv PART1: STRATEGIC DIRECTION Chapter 1 Strategic Direction Introduction 1 Aim 1 Scope of the Annual Report 1 Strategic Profile 2 Alignment with Cabinet and Cluster Priorities 2 Minister of Defence's Priorities for FY2004/05 2 Strategic Focus 2 Functions of the Secretary for Defence 3 Functions of the Chief of the SANDF 3 Parys Resolutions 3 Chapter
    [Show full text]
  • Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa Report: Volume 2
    VOLUME TWO Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa Report The report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission was presented to President Nelson Mandela on 29 October 1998. Archbishop Desmond Tutu Ms Hlengiwe Mkhize Chairperson Dr Alex Boraine Mr Dumisa Ntsebeza Vice-Chairperson Ms Mary Burton Dr Wendy Orr Revd Bongani Finca Adv Denzil Potgieter Ms Sisi Khampepe Dr Fazel Randera Mr Richard Lyster Ms Yasmin Sooka Mr Wynand Malan* Ms Glenda Wildschut Dr Khoza Mgojo * Subject to minority position. See volume 5. Chief Executive Officer: Dr Biki Minyuku I CONTENTS Chapter 1 Chapter 6 National Overview .......................................... 1 Special Investigation The Death of President Samora Machel ................................................ 488 Chapter 2 The State outside Special Investigation South Africa (1960-1990).......................... 42 Helderberg Crash ........................................... 497 Special Investigation Chemical and Biological Warfare........ 504 Chapter 3 The State inside South Africa (1960-1990).......................... 165 Special Investigation Appendix: State Security Forces: Directory Secret State Funding................................... 518 of Organisations and Structures........................ 313 Special Investigation Exhumations....................................................... 537 Chapter 4 The Liberation Movements from 1960 to 1990 ..................................................... 325 Special Investigation Appendix: Organisational structures and The Mandela United
    [Show full text]
  • SADF Military Operations
    SADF Military Operations 1975 -1989 Contents 1 List of operations of the South African Border War 1 2 Operation Savannah (Angola) 3 2.1 Background .............................................. 3 2.2 Military intervention .......................................... 4 2.2.1 Support for UNITA and FNLA ................................ 5 2.2.2 Ruacana-Calueque occupation ................................ 5 2.2.3 Task Force Zulu ........................................ 5 2.2.4 Cuban intervention ...................................... 6 2.2.5 South African reinforcements ................................. 6 2.2.6 End of South African advance ................................ 6 2.3 Major battles and incidents ...................................... 6 2.3.1 Battle of Quifangondo .................................... 7 2.3.2 Battle of Ebo ......................................... 7 2.3.3 “Bridge 14” .......................................... 7 2.3.4 Battle of Luso ......................................... 7 2.3.5 Battles involving Battlegroup Zulu in the west ........................ 8 2.3.6 Ambrizete incident ...................................... 8 2.4 Aftermath ............................................... 8 2.5 South African order of battle ..................................... 9 2.6 Association .............................................. 9 2.7 Further reading ............................................ 9 2.8 References ............................................... 9 3 Operation Bruilof 13 3.1 Background .............................................
    [Show full text]
  • Iconic SA Artillery Images Online 30 July 2015
    SA Artillery Images Iconic SA Artillery Images online 30 July 2015 The School of Artillery is the South African Army's specialized artillery training school History Before the establishment of a South African artillery school in 1934[1] there were a number of earlier artillery training establishments. The first was formed at the Cape in August 1786 with Lt. Louis-Michel Thibault, later better known as an architect, as head of the ‘Militaire School’. It did not operate for long. Almost a hundred years later an artillery school was proposed by Capt W E Giles, Royal Artillery, in a document submitted to the Cape Colonial Government in March 1880. It was not accepted. On 14 September 1912 when the five regiments of the SA Mounted Rifles were about to be established, a School of Gunnery was opened at Auckland Park, Johannesburg, in the lines of the Transvaal Horse Artillery. Its purpose was to train officers and NCO’s for the first three permanent batteries that were to be established. The school closed down when war broke out in 1914 after only two courses had been completed. The next artillery training institution was the Artillery Training Depot, established at Wynberg Camp, Cape Town, in August 1915 to train the artillery batteries that fought in East Africa, and later in Palestine. A corps of South African Artillery was established by proclamation on 1 September 1934 to incorporate all the Permanent and Citizen Force units. And on 7 September the two batteries lost their battery status and were formed into an Artillery Training Depot, armed with 4.5 inch howitzers, 18-pdrs and 3.7 inch howitzers.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role and Application of the Union Defence Force in the Suppression of Internal Unrest, 1912 - 1945
    THE ROLE AND APPLICATION OF THE UNION DEFENCE FORCE IN THE SUPPRESSION OF INTERNAL UNREST, 1912 - 1945 Andries Marius Fokkens Thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Military Science (Military History) at the Military Academy, Saldanha, Faculty of Military Science, Stellenbosch University. Supervisor: Lieutenant Colonel (Prof.) G.E. Visser Co-supervisor: Dr. W.P. Visser Date of Submission: September 2006 ii Declaration I, the undersigned, hereby declare that the work contained in this thesis is my own original work and that I have not previously submitted it, in its entirety or in part, to any university for a degree. Signature:…………………….. Date:………………………….. iii ABSTRACT The use of military force to suppress internal unrest has been an integral part of South African history. The European colonisation of South Africa from 1652 was facilitated by the use of force. Boer commandos and British military regiments and volunteer units enforced the peace in outlying areas and fought against the indigenous population as did other colonial powers such as France in North Africa and Germany in German South West Africa, to name but a few. The period 1912 to 1945 is no exception, but with the difference that military force was used to suppress uprisings of white citizens as well. White industrial workers experienced this military suppression in 1907, 1913, 1914 and 1922 when they went on strike. Job insecurity and wages were the main causes of the strikes and militant actions from the strikers forced the government to use military force when the police failed to maintain law and order.
    [Show full text]
  • Military Despatches Vol 24, June 2019
    Military Despatches Vol 24 June 2019 Operation Deadstick A mission vital to D-Day Remembering D-Day Marking the 75th anniversary of D-Day Forged in Battle The Katyusha MRLS, Stalin’s Organ Isoroku Yamamoto The architect of Pearl Harbour Thank your lucky stars Life in the North Korean military For the military enthusiast CONTENTS June 2019 Page 62 Click on any video below to view Page 14 How much do you know about movie theme songs? Take our quiz and find out. Hipe’s Wouter de The old South African Goede interviews former Defence Force used 28’s gang boss David a mixture of English, Williams. Afrikaans, slang and Thank your lucky stars techno-speak that few Serving in the North Korean Military outside the military could hope to under- 32 stand. Some of the terms Features were humorous, some Rank Structure 6 This month we look at the Ca- were clever, while others nadian Armed Forces. were downright crude. Top Ten Wartime Urban Legends Ten disturbing wartime urban 36 legends that turned out to be A matter of survival Part of Hipe’s “On the fiction. This month we’re looking at couch” series, this is an 10 constructing bird traps. interview with one of Special Forces - Canada 29 author Herman Charles Part Four of a series that takes Jimmy’s get together Quiz Bosman’s most famous a look at Special Forces units We attend the Signal’s Associ- characters, Oom Schalk around the world. ation luncheon and meet a 98 47 year old World War II veteran.
    [Show full text]
  • The Implementation of Affirmative Action Policy in the South African Military Health Services (Samhs) – 1995 to 2000
    THE IMPLEMENTATION OF AFFIRMATIVE ACTION POLICY IN THE SOUTH AFRICAN MILITARY HEALTH SERVICE (SAMHS) 1995 - 2000 N. E. Motumi THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE AFFIRMATIVE ACTION POLICY IN THE SOUTH AFRICAN MILITARY HEALTH SERVICE (SAMHS) 1995 - 2000 BY N.E MOTUMI (9930337) DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER IN POLITICAL POLICY STUDIES IN THE FACULTY HUMANITIES AT THE UNIVERSITY OF PRETORIA DECLARATION I declare that the dissertation, which I hereby submit for the degree of Masters of Political Studies at the University of Pretoria, is my own work and has not been previously submitted by me for a degree at another university. SIGNATURE DATE i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My sincere gratitude and appreciation is conveyed to all those people who assisted me in this research. My supervisor, Professor M. Schoeman and Professor Y. Sadie from the Department of Political Governance at University of Johannesburg for their expert guidance and support. My husband. Tsepe Motumi, for engaging me constructively on the subject of affirmative action policy within the Department of Defence. Brig-Gen. C. Bless, for the expert advice and support on salient points regarding social research. Lt. Col. H. Potgieter, with his assistance on the provision of an appropriate computer program for data capturing and analysis. To all the Social Work officers for their efforts in the distribution and collection of the questionnaires in all the units. To my children, Thando and Phethagatso, for having patience with me during the course of my studies. ii DEDICATION This dissertation is dedicated to my community at large, especially to the members of the South African Military Health Service (SAMHS).
    [Show full text]
  • The Thunder Anthony Beaucamp-Protor Farewell Uncle
    Military Despatches Vol 49 July 2021 The Aces The top fighter pilots of World War I Farewell Uncle Syd We pay tribute to Uncle Syd Ireland, the last South African signaller of World War II The Thunder Poland‘s Special Forces unit, JW GROM Anthony Beaucamp-Protor South Africa’s leading fighter ace of World War I and recipient of the Victoria Cross For the military enthusiast Military Despatches CONTENTS YouTube Channel July 2021 Page 14 Click on any video below to view Army Speak 101 The SADF had their own language. A mixture of Eng- lish, Afrikaans, slang and tech- no-speak that few outside the military could hope to under- stand. Paratrooper Wings Most armies around the world Elite Military Quiz also had their own slang terms. Units Quiz Most military paratroopers In this video we look at some Most military forces have an are awarded their jump wings of them. elite unit or regiment or a spe- Special Forces - JW GROM after they have qualified. cial forces component. In this quiz we show you 15 In this quiz we show you 15 different wings and you tell us and you tell us who they are and 30 where they are from. where they are from. Features 18 Battle of Britain - a few facts 6 The Battle of Britain lasted Top Ten WWI Fighter Pilots from 10 July – 31 October 1940 The Top Ten fighter aces of and was the first major mili- New videos World War I. tary campaign in history to be each week fought entirely in the air.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 the South African National Defence Force Integration
    1 The South African National Defence Force integration Thandi Modisei The history of South Africa is littered with conflicts – cultural, ethnic and racial. Different wars were fought during different eras, in different geographical spaces using different arms and systems. South Africa’s negotiated settlement took place over a period of time. Some people believe that the negotiations began with discussions between the African National Congress (ANS) leadership in prison and the South African government of the time as early as the late 1980s. The negotiated settlement has been under discussion and in the public domain since the early 1990s. We know that the armed forces of the two major political actors, the South African government and the ANC, became involved in direct and structured negotiations only in November 1993. Clearly, there was a ‘gap’ between the political and the military talks. The pace of the negotiations also tended to be slower and to ‘follow’ the political talks. There were two reasons for this ‘time gap’: º Both parties saw the retention of their armed forces as a ‘security fallback’, an asset necessary to appease their respective constituencies. º Retaining their armed capabilities was seen, in very pragmatic terms, as a physical guarantee that could be utilised should the negotiation process falter or fail. Considerable debate had preceded the formal military negotiations between the primary actors - the South African Defence Force (SADF) and Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) - and the other armed forces present in South Africa at the time: the Azanian Peoples’ Liberation Army (APLA); the Transkei Defence Force (TDF); the Ciskei Defence Force (CDF); the Venda Defence Force (VDF) and the Bophuthatswana Defence Force (BDF).
    [Show full text]
  • South Africa: Historical Background Greg Moran
    Third World Legal Studies Volume 14 The Governance of Internal Security Forces Article 8 in Sub-Saharan Africa 1-8-1997 Human Rights and the Structure of Internal Security Forces – South Africa: Historical Background Greg Moran Follow this and additional works at: http://scholar.valpo.edu/twls Recommended Citation Moran, Greg (1997) "Human Rights and the Structure of Internal Security Forces – South Africa: Historical Background," Third World Legal Studies: Vol. 14, Article 8. Available at: http://scholar.valpo.edu/twls/vol14/iss1/8 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Valparaiso University Law School at ValpoScholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Third World Legal Studies by an authorized administrator of ValpoScholar. For more information, please contact a ValpoScholar staff member at [email protected]. HUMAN RIGHTS AND THE STRUCTURE OF INTERNAL SECURITY FORCES SOUTH AFRICA: HISTORICAL BACKGROUND By Greg Moran* The apartheid policies that characterised most of the period of colonial rule, both formally (after 1948) and informally before, left an indelible mark on the consciousness of South Africans, (and on the map of the country prior to 1994). The policy of creating separate homelands for each of the black ethnic groupings and pushing these to independence to ensure the survival of white South Africa, lead to the creation of numerous police and armed forces. The records of all of these are severely blemished and their histories steeped in blood. At present, moves are afoot to incorporate all of these security forces into unified bodies: the South African National Defense Force (SANDF) and the South African Police Services (SAPS).
    [Show full text]