DOCSLIB.ORG

Download File

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Download File Remote Controlled Restraint The Effect of Remote Warfighting Technology on Crisis Escalation Erik Lin-Greenberg Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2019 © 2019 Erik Lin-Greenberg All rights reserved ABSTRACT Remote Controlled Restraint: The Effect of Remote Warfighting Technology on Crisis Escalation Erik Lin-Greenberg How do technologies that remove warfighters from the front lines affect the frequency and intensity of military confrontations between states? Many scholars and policymakers fear that weapons that reduce the risks and costs of war – in blood and treasure – will lead states to resort to force more frequently during crises, destabilizing the international security environment. These concerns have featured prominently in debates surrounding the proliferation and use of remote warfighting technologies, such as drones. This project sets out to evaluate whether and how drones affect crisis escalation. Specifically, do drones allow decisionmakers to deploy military forces more frequently during interstate crises? Once deployed, how do these systems affect escalation dynamics? I argue that drones can help control escalation, raising questions about scholarly theories that suggest the world is more dangerous and less stable when technology makes conflict cheaper and less risky. At the core of this project is a theory of technology-enabled escalation control. The central argument is that technologies like drones that remove friendly forces from the battlefield may lead states to use force more frequently, but decrease the likelihood of escalation when used in lieu of inhabited platforms. More specifically, these technologies lower the political barriers to initiating military operations during crises, primarily by eliminating the risk of friendly force casualties and the associated domestic political consequences for launching military operations. At the same time, removing personnel from harm’s way may reduce demand for escalatory reprisals after remotely operated systems are lost to hostile action. Drones can also help to mitigate escalatory spirals by collecting intelligence that overcomes information asymmetries that often contribute to armed conflict, helping facilitate more measured decision-making and tailored targeting of enemy forces. By more fully considering how technology affects escalatory dynamics after the initial use of force, technology-enabled escalation control theory advances our understanding of the link between technology and conflict. I test the theory using a multi-method approach that combines case studies with original experiments embedded in surveys fielded on public and military samples. The dissertation also introduces a new research method for international relations research: experimental manipulations embedded in wargames with military participants. In Chapter 1 and 2, I define the concept of crisis escalation and review the literature that examines the effect of technology on escalation and conflict dynamics. I then introduce the theory of technology-enabled escalation control and outline four mechanisms that undergird the theory – increased initiation, tempered/tailored targeting, restrained retaliation, and amplified aggression. Each of these hypothesized mechanisms describes ways in which emerging technologies can prevent crises from escalating into broader or more intense conflicts. Chapter 3 describes each component of the multi-method research design that I use to test the theory in Chapters 4 through 7. Chapter 4 uses experiments embedded in surveys and wargames to assess whether and how drones allow states to more frequently initiate military operations. Chapter 5 tests whether drones enable decisionmakers to control escalation by restraining retaliation after attacks on a state’s drones. Chapter 6 and 7 test the theory in the context of U.S drone use during the Cold War and Israeli drone use from the 1960s through late-2010s. The findings of these empirical tests provide strong support for technology-enabled escalation control. In Chapter 8, I conclude with a summary of the analysis and test the generalizability of the theory beyond the state use of drones. I find that tenets of technology-enabled escalation control explain escalation dynamics associated with U.S. cyber operations against North Korea and Hezbollah’s use of drones against Israel and during the Syrian Civil War. The chapter also maps out pathways for future research and identifies policy implications. My findings suggest the growing proliferation of drones will increase the frequency of military confrontations during crises, yet these confrontations are unlikely to escalate. Even though drones may help control escalation, clearer doctrine, rules of engagement, and international agreements to govern their use will help to further avoid crisis escalation and conflict. Table of Contents List of Figures and Tables ii Acknowledgments iii 1 Introduction 1 2 Technology-Enabled Escalation Control 32 3 Research Design 75 4 Increasing Initiation 102 5 Controlling Escalation 136 6 U.S. Aerial Reconnaissance During the Cold War 178 7 Israeli Drone Use During the Campaigns Between Wars 238 8 Conclusion 263 References 296 Appendices Appendix A: Interview Subjects 316 Appendix B: Wargame Vignettes 318 Appendix C: Wargame Participants and Treatment Schedule 325 Appendix D: Main Survey Instrument (Public Sample) 326 Appendix E: Follow Up Survey Instrument (Public Sample) 332 Appendix F: Main Survey Instrument (Military Sample) 336 Appendix G: Respondent Demographics 341 Appendix H: Balance Tables and Regression Analysis 344 i List of Tables and Figures Tables Table 2.1: Summary of Hypotheses 72 Table 4.1: Support for Initiating Military Operations (Experiment 1, Military Sample) 107 Table 4.2: Support for Initiating Military Operations (Experiment 1, Public Sample) 109 Table 4.3: Qualitative Justifications (Experiment 1, Military Sample) 110 Table 4.4: Qualitative Justifications (Experiment 1, Public Sample) 113 Table 4.5: Treatment Table (Experiment 2, Public Sample) 116 Table 4.6: Mean Approval for Deploying Forces by Force Type (Experiment 2, Public Sample) 118 Table 4.7: Approval for Deploying Forces by Force Type, Proportion (Experiment 2, Public Sample) 119 Table 4.8: Qualitative Justifications by Treatment (Experiment 2, Public Sample) 121 Table 4.9: Initial Deployment of Force, Wargame Team Outcomes 125 Table 5.1: Mean Response Level to Shootdown (Military Sample) 141 Table 5.2: Response to Shootdown, Percentages (Military Sample) 141 Table 5.3: Qualitative Justifications for Response to Shootdown (Military Sample) 142 Table 5.4: Experimental Design (Public Sample) 147 Table 5.5: Mean Response to Shootdown (Public Sample) 149 Table 5.6: Response to Shootdown, Percentage (Public Sample) 149 Table 5.7: Qualitative Justifications for Response to Shootdown (Public Sample) 152 Table 5.8: Mean Response to Intruder (Military Sample) 154 Table 5.9: Response to Intruder, Percentage (Military Sample) 154 Table 5.10: Qualitative Justifications for Response to Intruder (Military Sample) 156 Table 5.11: Mean Response to Intruder (Public Sample) 157 Table 5.12: Response to Intruder, Percentage (Public Sample) 157 Table 5.13: Qualitative Justifications for Response to Intruder (Public Sample) 158 Table 5.14: Summary of Findings – Response to Shootdown Wargame 160 Table 5.15: Summary of Findings – Response to Intruder Wargame 168 Figures Figure 2.1: Technology-Enabled Escalation Control as a Decision Tree 73 Figure 4.1: Mean Approval for Deploying Forces by Force Type (Public Sample) 118 Figure 5.1: Mean Response to Shootdown by Treatment (Public Sample) 148 ii Acknowledgments Shortly after graduating from college, I arrived at Beale Air Force Base, just north of Sacramento, California, as a newly minted lieutenant. During my time there, I had the humbling opportunity to work with a team of Airmen responsible for analyzing information gathered by America’s fleet of reconnaissance aircraft – including remotely piloted aircraft operating above battlefields in Afghanistan and Iraq. Little did I know that my experiences at Beale would shape the trajectory of my research. I am immensely grateful to have had the opportunity to serve alongside such a dedicated team. At Columbia I benefitted from an incredible group of mentors, colleagues, and friends. I am particularly indebted to several faculty members who offered intellectual stimulation and professional mentorship. Richard Betts, Robert Jervis, Jeffrey Lax, and Tonya Putnam helped me think more deeply about the empirical and theoretical implications of my project, provided meticulous comments on my typically less than meticulous drafts, kept me on schedule, prevented me from deviating too far off course, and offered reassurance each time I thought the project was on a downward spiral. Tonya, in particular, did far more than what was expected of a committee member. She set an example for advising and mentorship that I can only hope to one day achieve. I am also grateful to Séverine Autesserre who took me on as a research assistant early in my graduate student career and showed me the ropes on research and grant writing processes, both of which helped facilitate this project. Stephen Biddle and Sarah Kreps served as outside committee members for the dissertation defense and provided incredibly insightful feedback. My Columbia colleagues were equally generous with their
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Perspectives on Taiwanese Identity in the Art of Chen Chieh-Jen and Wu Tien-Chang
    Naomi Kojen Research Intern National Chiao Tung University Supervisor: Joyce C.H. Liu Translating Collective Memory: Perspectives on Taiwanese identity in the art of Chen Chieh-jen and Wu Tien-chang This paper will address the phenomenon of artistic engagement with history, past and collective memory in Taiwanese contemporary art as a means of dealing with the question of Taiwanese identity. Even though this is a recurring strategy in the works of many artists, in this preliminary research I intend to focus on two prominent figures in Taiwanese contemporary art, Chen Chieh-jen (陈界仁) and Wu Tien-chang (呉天 章). The two artists selected have had long careers and evolved in terms of style, medium and aesthetics. Nevertheless, they are consistent in their engagement with the past, history and memory and the continuing discussion on issues of identity. While this paper is unable to fully represent the multifaceted identity of the Taiwanese artists, it aims to unravel the ways in which some key issues concerning Taiwanese identity are translated through these two rich artistic perspectives. Over the past fifty years, history and memory have gained traction in academic discourse, and concepts of collective, social and cultural memory have become central in both sociology and cultural history. The concept of collective memory was initially introduced by sociologist Maurice Halbwachs. Halbwachs introduced the idea that memory is a social structure, something which is acquired, recalled, recognized and localized in society. The framework of collective memory or social memory is therefore a result, sum and combination of individual members or multiple members of a society (Halbwachs,1992:38-39).
    [Show full text]
  • Universal GEOINT Credentialing Christopher K
    GEOINT ESSENTIAL BODY OF KNOWLEDGE Transparent Transportable TransIndustry USGIF is a 501(c)(3) non-lobbying, nonprofit educational foundation dedicated to promoting the geospatial intelligence tradecraft and developing a stronger community of interest between Government, Industry, Academia, and Professional Organizations. Almost 500 students Twelve Accredited Geospatial have graduated from Intelligence Certificate Programs Northeastern West Point USGIF-accredited Penn State U. of Utah programs with George Mason UM Columbia Air Force GEOINT Certificates. Redlands Academy Fayetteville State USC UT Dallas U. of South Carolina Did you know USGIF offers hundreds of hours of training, education, and professional development opportunities throughout the year? in Scholarships $792K awarded since 2004 u S gif Monograph Serie S V o L u M e 1 USGIF in 2014 published the Human Geography monograph as a community resource. Socio-Cultural Dynamics and USGIF is developing the first GEOGRAPHYChallenges to Global Security Darryl G. Murdock, Robert R. Tomes and Universal GEOINT Credentialing Christopher K. Tucker, editors Program to bolster profesional development in the GEOINT tradecraft. USGIF produces the GEOINT Symposium, the largest intelligence event in the world. Sustaining Member 240 Organizations TEN YEARS Launched in 2012 as USGIF’s first official print magazine. GEOINT ESSENTIAL BODY OF KNOWLEDGE SECTION I The GEOINT Essential Body of Knowledge �� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 3 Transparency and Transportability
    [Show full text]
  • From Air, Sea, and Space, Geospatial Technology Is Helping Nations Monitor One of Their Biggest and Most Understated Threats: the Open Ocean
    » CARDILLO AND LONG Q&A » FUTURE GEOINT LEADERS » SMALLSAT WORKING GROUP 2014 ISSUE 4 THE OFFICIAL MAGAZINE OF THE UNITED STATES GEOSPATIAL INTELLIGENCE FOUNDATION WATCHING THE 2014 USGIF MEMBERSHIP DIRECTORY WATERFrom air, sea, and space, geospatial technology is helping nations monitor one of their biggest and most understated threats: the open ocean. © DLR e.V. 2014 and © Airbus 2014 DS/© DLR Infoterra e.V. GmbH 2014 WorldDEMTM Reaching New Heights The new standard of global elevation models with pole-to-pole coverage, unrivalled accuracy and unique quality to support your critical missions. www.geo-airbusds.com/worlddem CONTENTS 2014 ISSUE 4 The USS Antietam (CG 54), the USS O’Kane (DDG 77) and the USS John C. Stennis (CVN 74) steam through the Gulf of Oman. As part of the John C. Stennis Carrier Strike Group, these ships are on regularly scheduled deployments in support of Maritime Operations, set- ting the conditions for security and stability, as well as complementing counterterrorism and security efforts to regional nations. PHOTO COURTESY OF U.S. NAVAL FORCES CENTRAL COMMAND/U.S. 5TH FLEET 5TH COMMAND/U.S. CENTRAL FORCES NAVAL U.S. OF COURTESY PHOTO 02 | VANTAGE POINT Features 12 | ELEVATE Tackling the challenge of Fayetteville State University accelerating innovation. builds GEOINT curriculum. 16 | WATCHING THE WATER From air, sea, and space, geospatial technology 14 | COMMON GROUND 04 | LETTERS is helping nations monitor one of their biggest USGIF stands up SmallSat Trajectory readers offer Working Group. feedback on recent features and most understated threats: the open ocean. and the tablet app. By Matt Alderton 32 | MEMBERSHIP PULSE Ball Aerospace offers 06 | INTSIDER 22 | CONVEYING CONSEQUENCE capabilities for an integrated SkyTruth and the GEOINT enterprise.
    [Show full text]
  • Referenda May Not Be the Best Mechanism for Deciding Taiwan's
    Global Taiwan Brief Vol. 6, Issue 17 Global Taiwan Brief Vol. 6, Issue1 17 Referenda May Not Be the Best Mechanism for Deciding Taiwan’s Foreign Policy Daniel Anaforian Fighting with the Army You Have: An Alternate Vision of Taiwan Defense Reform and US-Taiwan Security Cooperation (Part 2) Eric Chan The US Withdrawal from Afghanistan and Future Stability in the Taiwan Strait J. Michael Cole Taiwan’s New Weapons Acquisitions and the Continuing Debate Over Defense Strategy John Dotson Party-to-Party Dialogue between Taiwan and Japan Points the Way to Closer Security Ties Michael Mazza Referenda May Not Be the Best Mechanism for Deciding Taiwan’s Foreign The Global Taiwan Brief is a Policy bi-weekly publication released every other Wednesday and pro- By: Daniel Anaforian vides insight into the latest news on Taiwan. Daniel Anaforian is an MA student at Johns Hopkins SAIS and was a Spring 2021 GTI intern. Editor-in-Chief While candidates for Taiwan’s 2022 local elections have not yet fully started their cam- Russell Hsiao paigns, there is one looming political event that has been receiving widespread media Associate Editor John Dotson attention: a referendum on importing US beef and pork treated with ractopamine. (This Staff Editor is one of four referenda originally scheduled for August 28, which have been postponed Katherine Schultz to December 18 due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.) Voters in Taiwan will decide whether they support easing restrictions on US beef and pork imports, and the result of The views and opinions expressed in these articles are those of the the referendum is likely to have implications for any prospective US-Taiwan Free Trade authors and do not necessarily re- Agreement (FTA).
    [Show full text]
  • 21St-Century Agriculture
    21st-Century Agriculture U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE • BUREAU OF INTERNATIONAL INFORMATION PROGRAMS The Bureau of International Information Programs of the U.S. Department of State publishes a monthly electronic journal under the eJournal USA logo. These journals examine major issues facing the United States and the international community, as well as U.S. society, values, thought, and institutions. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE / MARCH 2010 VOLUME 15 / NUMBER 3 One new journal is published monthly in English and is http://www.america.gov/publications/ejournalusa.html followed by versions in French, Portuguese, Russian, and Spanish. Selected editions also appear in Arabic, Chinese, and Persian. Each journal is catalogued by volume and International Information Programs: number. Coordinator Daniel Sreebny The opinions expressed in the journals do not necessarily Executive Editor Jonathan Margolis reflect the views or policies of the U.S. government. The Creative Director Michael Jay Friedman U.S. Department of State assumes no responsibility for the content and continued accessibility of Internet sites to which the journals link; such responsibility resides Editor-in-Chief Richard W. Huckaby solely with the publishers of those sites. Journal articles, Managing Editor Charlene Porter photographs, and illustrations may be reproduced and Web Producer Janine Perry translated outside the United States unless they carry Designer Chloe D. Ellis explicit copyright restrictions, in which case permission must be sought from the copyright holders noted in the journal. Copy Editor Jeanne Holden The Bureau of International Information Programs Photo Editor Maggie Johnson Sliker maintains current and back issues in several electronic Cover Design David Hamill formats, as well as a list of upcoming journals, at Reference Specialist Anita Green http://www.america.gov/publications/ejournals.html.
    [Show full text]
  • United States Air Force and Its Antecedents Published and Printed Unit Histories
    UNITED STATES AIR FORCE AND ITS ANTECEDENTS PUBLISHED AND PRINTED UNIT HISTORIES A BIBLIOGRAPHY EXPANDED & REVISED EDITION compiled by James T. Controvich January 2001 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTERS User's Guide................................................................................................................................1 I. Named Commands .......................................................................................................................4 II. Numbered Air Forces ................................................................................................................ 20 III. Numbered Commands .............................................................................................................. 41 IV. Air Divisions ............................................................................................................................. 45 V. Wings ........................................................................................................................................ 49 VI. Groups ..................................................................................................................................... 69 VII. Squadrons..............................................................................................................................122 VIII. Aviation Engineers................................................................................................................ 179 IX. Womens Army Corps............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Overhead Surveillance
    Confrontation or Collaboration? Congress and the Intelligence Community Overhead Surveillance Eric Rosenbach and Aki J. Peritz Overhead Surveillance One of the primary methods the U.S. uses to gather vital national security information is through air- and space-based platforms, collectively known as “overhead surveillance.” This memorandum provides an overview of overhead surveillance systems, the agencies involved in gathering and analyzing overhead surveillance, and the costs and benefits of this form of intelligence collection. What is Overhead Surveillance? “Overhead surveillance” describes a means to gather information about people and places from above the Earth’s surface. These collection systems gather imagery intelligence (IMINT), signals intelligence (SIGINT) and measurement and signature intelligence (MASINT). Today, overhead surveillance includes: • Space-based systems, such as satellites. • Aerial collection platforms that range from large manned aircraft to small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). A Brief History of Overhead Surveillance Intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance platforms, collectively known as ISR, date back to the 1790s when the French military used observation balloons to oversee battlefields and gain tactical advantage over their adversaries. Almost all WWI and WWII belligerents used aerial surveillance to gain intelligence on enemy lines, fortifications and troop movements. Following WWII, the U.S. further refined airborne and space-based reconnaissance platforms for use against the Soviet Union. Manned reconnaissance missions, however, were risky and could lead to potentially embarrassing outcomes; the 1960 U-2 incident was perhaps the most widely publicized case of the risks associated with this form of airborne surveillance. Since the end of the Cold War, overhead surveillance technology has evolved significantly, greatly expanding the amount of information that the policymaker and the warfighter can use to make critical, time-sensitive decisions.
    [Show full text]
  • 2013 National Defense Report
    National Defense Report Ministry of National Defense, ROC 2013 1 Minister’s Foreword 17 Introduction 21 Part 1 Strategic Environment 25 Part 2 General Plan of National Defense 73 Chapter 1 Security Situation 26 Chapter 3 National Defense Strategy 74 Section 1 Global Security Environment 27 Section 1 National Defense Policy 75 Section 2 Asia-Pacific Security Situation 34 Section 2 National Defense Strategies 78 Section 3 Military Strategy 85 Chapter 2 Security Challenges 44 Section 1 Current Status and Chapter 4 National Defense Administration 92 Developments of the PLA 45 Section 1 Military Strength Reformation 93 Section 2 Military Capabilities and 94 Threat of the PRC 57 Section 2 Military Service Reformation 98 Section 3 Security Challenges Section 3 Talent Cultivation of the ROC 67 Section 4 Armaments Mechanism 100 Section 5 Military Exchanges 106 Section 6 National Defense Legal System 108 Section 7 Morale and Ethical Education 113 Section 8 Crisis Response 116 Section 9 Care for Servicemen 119 Section 10 Gender Equality 121 2 Part 3 National Defense Capabilities 123 Part 4 All-out National Defense 197 Chapter 5 National Defense Force 124 Chapter 7 All-out Defense 198 Section 1 National Defense Organization 125 Section 1 National Defense Education 199 Section 2 Joint Operations Effectiveness 136 Section 2 Defense Mobilization 204 Section 3 Information and Electronic Warfare Capabilities 141 Chapter 8 Citizen Services 210 Section 4 Logistics Support 144 Section 1 Disaster Prevention and Relief 211 Section 5 Reserve Capability Buildup
    [Show full text]
  • Självständigt Arbete (15 Hp)
    Namn Engström, Joel 2021-05-14 Kurs Självständigt arbete (15 hp) Författare Program/Kurs Engström, Joel OP SA 18-21 Handledare Antal ord: 11986 Mariam Bjarnesen Beteckning Kurskod 1OP415 A LONE SEAL – WHAT FAILURE CAN TELL US. ABSTRACT: Special operations are conducted more than ever in modern warfare. Since the 1980s they have developed and grown in numbers. But with more attempts of operations and bigger numbers, comes failures. One of these failures is operation Red Wings where a unit of US Navy SEALs at- tempted a recognisance and raid operation in the Hindu Kush. The purpose of this paper was to see how that failure could be analysed from an existing theory of Special operations. This was to ensure that other failures can be avoided but mainly to understand what really happened on that mountain in 2005. The method used was a case study of a single case to give an answer with quality and depth. The study found that Mcravens theory and principles of how to succeed a special operation was not applied during the operation. The case of operation Red Wings showed remarkable valour and motivation, but also lacked severely when it came to simplicity, surprise, and speed. Nyckelord: T.ex.: Specialoperationer, McRaven, Operation Red Wings, Specialförband. Sida 1 av 41 Namn Engström, Joel 2021-05-14 Kurs Innehållsförteckning 1. INLEDNING ...................................................................................................................................... 3 1.1 PROBLEMFORMULERING ..............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Leseprobe-Bergfuehrer-Anden
    Panico Bergführer DIE ANDEN Vom Chimborazo zum Marmolejo - alle 6000er auf einen Blick Hermann Kiendler Panico Alpinverlag Impressum Inhaltsverzeichnis Danke .............................................................S. 10 B21 Huantsán ................................................S. 82 Titelbild Die mächtige Südwand des Aconcagua vom Nationalparkeingang. Allgemeines ...................................................S. 12 Schmutztitel Blick auf den Chachacomani vom großen Gletscherbecken im Süden. Geographie - Sprache - Sicherheit ............S. 13 C Cordillera Huayhuash .........................S. 84 Frontispiz Das riesige Massiv des Coropuna von Nordosten - rechts Nordgipfel, mittig der Ostgipfel. Bergrettung - Höhenanpassung ................S. 14 Detailkarte Cordillera Huayhuash ...S. 86 S.4/5 Aufstieg auf den Pissis. Permits - Gebiete - Gliederung .................S. 15 C1 Jirishanca ...............................................S. 88 Schwierigkeiten - Zeitangaben usw. ......S. 16 C2 Yerupajá .................................................S. 90 Autor Hermann Kiendler Literatur ...........................................................S. 17 C3 Rasac .......................................................S. 92 Fotos sofern nicht anders angegeben von Hermann Kiendler Die Inka .........................................................S. 19 C4 Siula Grande .........................................S. 94 Karten Hermann Kiendler Layout Ronald Nordmann, Anna Rösch A Ecuador ..................................................S. 26 D
    [Show full text]
  • Unmanned Systems Sentinel
    Unmanned Systems Sentinel All opinions expressed within this newsletter are those of the respective author or authors and do not represent the official policy or positions of the Naval Postgraduate School, the United States Navy, or any other government entity. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Thanks to Robin Alexander, Mark Rindler and Marcy Huber for providing several of the below articles. 22 MAY 2016 Please keep in mind that in most instances the below summaries are excerpts from the original article. The full articles can be viewed at the accompanying hyper-links. The inclusion of these links does not represent an endorsement of the organization, service, or product. Immediately below are this edition’s highlights with links to the respective articles: NAVY/USMC: AeroVironment details Blackwing UAS (Navy to Deploy Submarine-Launched Drones) Navy Researchers to Test UAV Swarming Technology this Summer USN Expects More Development of Stingray Timeline This Year ARMY: US Army Special Operations Has Big Appetite for ISR – UAS Army tests prepare for all-domain warfare US Army tests GBSAA system Army Mulls Hybrid Electric for Next Gen Drones USAF: USAF’s Small UAS roadmap calls for swarming ‘kamikaze’ drones USAF to go small on UAS NATIONAL AIR SPACE: California has the Most Drones in US (Excellent tables and illustrations) FAA Expands Drone Detection Pathfinder Initiative FAA Key Initiatives – UAS FAA Releases Drone Registration Location Data FAA and FBI Test Drone Detection A Look Back at April Drone Law Developments:
    [Show full text]
  • The Republic of China and U Black Cat Brigade
    21 March 2011 2012011111––––006006 Black Cat Brigade: The Republic of China and UU----22 Spyplanes. Essay by JiuJiuJiu-Jiu ---HwaHwa Lo Upshur, Eastern Michigan University (([email protected]@[email protected]).edu ).).). Nations have spied on one another since the beginning of history, only the methods have changed, in part due to advances in technology. Aerial spying began with the deployment of balloons during the Franco- Prussian War (1870–71) and had progressed to satellite surveillance a mere century later. Much is known about the role of American U-2 surveillance planes and the information they obtained about Soviet bloc countries during the 1950s. However, less is known about the U-2 flights by the air force pilots of the Republic of China (henceforth ROC or Taiwan) and the data they obtained about the People’s Republic of China (henceforth PRC or China). The top secret collaboration between the United States and the ROC remained closely guarded until around 1990, after which the nature, duration, and extent of their cooperation gradually became known. Three recent books, one in English and two in Chinese, provide ex- tensive, hitherto unavailable details about the ROC’s U-2 missions and the pilots who flew them. Lost Black Cats: 1 Story of Two Captured U-2 Pilots 2 was written by H. Mike Hua, himself a former U-2 pi- lot who completed ten reconnaissance missions over mainland China. He later rose to the rank of lieute- nant general in the ROC Air Force, earned a doctorate at Purdue University, and worked in aircraft development after retiring from active service.
    [Show full text]