Constraints on Water Transport
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An Environmental History of the Middle Rio Grande Basin
United States Department of From the Rio to the Sierra: Agriculture Forest Service An Environmental History of Rocky Mountain Research Station the Middle Rio Grande Basin Fort Collins, Colorado 80526 General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-5 Dan Scurlock i Scurlock, Dan. 1998. From the rio to the sierra: An environmental history of the Middle Rio Grande Basin. General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-5. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 440 p. Abstract Various human groups have greatly affected the processes and evolution of Middle Rio Grande Basin ecosystems, especially riparian zones, from A.D. 1540 to the present. Overgrazing, clear-cutting, irrigation farming, fire suppression, intensive hunting, and introduction of exotic plants have combined with droughts and floods to bring about environmental and associated cultural changes in the Basin. As a result of these changes, public laws were passed and agencies created to rectify or mitigate various environmental problems in the region. Although restoration and remedial programs have improved the overall “health” of Basin ecosystems, most old and new environmental problems persist. Keywords: environmental impact, environmental history, historic climate, historic fauna, historic flora, Rio Grande Publisher’s Note The opinions and recommendations expressed in this report are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the USDA Forest Service. Mention of trade names does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the Federal Government. The author withheld diacritical marks from the Spanish words in text for consistency with English punctuation. Publisher Rocky Mountain Research Station Fort Collins, Colorado May 1998 You may order additional copies of this publication by sending your mailing information in label form through one of the following media. -
Common Conifers in New Mexico Landscapes
Ornamental Horticulture Common Conifers in New Mexico Landscapes Bob Cain, Extension Forest Entomologist One-Seed Juniper (Juniperus monosperma) Description: One-seed juniper grows 20-30 feet high and is multistemmed. Its leaves are scalelike with finely toothed margins. One-seed cones are 1/4-1/2 inch long berrylike structures with a reddish brown to bluish hue. The cones or “berries” mature in one year and occur only on female trees. Male trees produce Alligator Juniper (Juniperus deppeana) pollen and appear brown in the late winter and spring compared to female trees. Description: The alligator juniper can grow up to 65 feet tall, and may grow to 5 feet in diameter. It resembles the one-seed juniper with its 1/4-1/2 inch long, berrylike structures and typical juniper foliage. Its most distinguishing feature is its bark, which is divided into squares that resemble alligator skin. Other Characteristics: • Ranges throughout the semiarid regions of the southern two-thirds of New Mexico, southeastern and central Arizona, and south into Mexico. Other Characteristics: • An American Forestry Association Champion • Scattered distribution through the southern recently burned in Tonto National Forest, Arizona. Rockies (mostly Arizona and New Mexico) It was 29 feet 7 inches in circumference, 57 feet • Usually a bushy appearance tall, and had a 57-foot crown. • Likes semiarid, rocky slopes • If cut down, this juniper can sprout from the stump. Uses: Uses: • Birds use the berries of the one-seed juniper as a • Alligator juniper is valuable to wildlife, but has source of winter food, while wildlife browse its only localized commercial value. -
Phylogenetic Analyses of Juniperus Species in Turkey and Their Relations with Other Juniperus Based on Cpdna Supervisor: Prof
MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSES OF JUNIPERUS L. SPECIES IN TURKEY AND THEIR RELATIONS WITH OTHER JUNIPERS BASED ON cpDNA A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY AYSUN DEMET GÜVENDİREN IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN BIOLOGY APRIL 2015 Approval of the thesis MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSES OF JUNIPERUS L. SPECIES IN TURKEY AND THEIR RELATIONS WITH OTHER JUNIPERS BASED ON cpDNA submitted by AYSUN DEMET GÜVENDİREN in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University by, Prof. Dr. Gülbin Dural Ünver Dean, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences Prof. Dr. Orhan Adalı Head of the Department, Biological Sciences Prof. Dr. Zeki Kaya Supervisor, Dept. of Biological Sciences METU Examining Committee Members Prof. Dr. Musa Doğan Dept. Biological Sciences, METU Prof. Dr. Zeki Kaya Dept. Biological Sciences, METU Prof.Dr. Hayri Duman Biology Dept., Gazi University Prof. Dr. İrfan Kandemir Biology Dept., Ankara University Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sertaç Önde Dept. Biological Sciences, METU Date: iii I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work. Name, Last name : Aysun Demet GÜVENDİREN Signature : iv ABSTRACT MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSES OF JUNIPERUS L. SPECIES IN TURKEY AND THEIR RELATIONS WITH OTHER JUNIPERS BASED ON cpDNA Güvendiren, Aysun Demet Ph.D., Department of Biological Sciences Supervisor: Prof. -
Juniperus Occidentalis
Fire Effects Information System (FEIS) FEIS Home Page Table of Contents • SUMMARY INTRODUCTORY DISTRIBUTION AND OCCURRENCE BOTANICAL AND ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS FIRE EFFECTS AND MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS APPENDICES REFERENCES Figure 1—Western juniper. Photo by Joseph M. DiTomaso, University of California-Davis, Bugwood.org. Citation: Fryer, Janet L.; Tirmenstein, D. 2019 (revised from 1999). Juniperus occidentalis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: https://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/tree/junocc/all.html [2019, June 26]. Revisions: The Taxonomy, Botanical and Ecological Characteristics, and Fire Effects and Management sections of this Species Review were revised in March 2019. New primary literature and a review by Miller et al. [145] were incorporated and are cited throughout this review. SUMMARY Western juniper occurs in the Pacific Northwest, California, and Nevada. Old-growth western juniper stands that established in presettlement times (before the 1870s) occur primarily on sites of low productivity such as claypan soils, rimrock, outcrops, the edges of mesas, and upper slopes. They are generally very open and often had sparse understories. Western juniper has established and spread onto low slopes and valleys in many areas, especially areas formerly dominated by mountain big sagebrush. These postsettlement stands (woodland transitional communities) are denser than most presettlement and old-growth woodlands. They have substantial shrub understories in early to midsuccession. Western juniper establishes from seed. Seed cones are first produced around 20 years of age, but few are produced until at least 50 years of age. Mature western junipers produce seeds nearly every year, although seed production is highly variable across sites and years. -
Distribution of the Native Trees of Utah Kimball S
Brigham Young University Science Bulletin, Biological Series Volume 11 | Number 3 Article 1 9-1970 Distribution of the native trees of Utah Kimball S. Erdman Department of Biology, Slippery Rock State College, Slippery Rock, Pennsylvania Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/byuscib Part of the Anatomy Commons, Botany Commons, Physiology Commons, and the Zoology Commons Recommended Citation Erdman, Kimball S. (1970) "Distribution of the native trees of Utah," Brigham Young University Science Bulletin, Biological Series: Vol. 11 : No. 3 , Article 1. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/byuscib/vol11/iss3/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Western North American Naturalist Publications at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Brigham Young University Science Bulletin, Biological Series by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. MU3. CCy.P. ZOOL. LIBRARY DEC 41970 Brigham Young University HARVARD Science Bulletin UNIVERSITY) DISTRIBUTION OF THE NATIVE TREES OF UTAH by Kimball S. Erdman BIOLOGICAL SERIES—VOLUME XI, NUMBER 3 SEPTEMBER 1970 BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN BIOLOGICAL SERIES Editor: Stanley L. Welsh, Department of Botany, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah Members of the Editorial Board: Tipton, Zoology Vernon J. Feeeon L. Anderson, Zoology Joseph R. Murdock, Botany WiLMER W. Tanner, Zoology Ex officio Members: A. Lester Allen, Dean, College of Biological and Agricultural Sciences Ernest L. Olson, Chairman, University Publications The Brigham Young University Science Bulletin, Biological Series, publishes acceptable papers, particularly large manuscripts, on all phases of biology. Separate numbers and back volumes can be purchased from Pubhcation Sales, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah. -
Cupressaceae – Cypress Family
CUPRESSACEAE – CYPRESS FAMILY Plant: shrubs and small to large trees, with resin Stem: woody Root: Leaves: evergreen (some deciduous); opposite or whorled, small, crowded and often overlapping and scale-like or sometimes awl- or needle-like Flowers: imperfect (monoecious or dioecious); no true flowers; male cones small and herbaceous, spore-forming; female cones woody (berry-like in junipers), scales opposite or in 3’s, without bracts Fruit: no true fruits; berry-like or drupe-like; 1-2 seeds at cone-scale, often with 2 wings Other: sometimes included with Pinaceae; locally mostly ‘cedars’; Division Coniferophyta (Conifers), Gymnosperm Group Genera: 30+ genera; locally Chamaecyparis, Juniperus (juniper), Thuja (arbor vitae), Taxodium (cypress) WARNING – family descriptions are only a layman’s guide and should not be used as definitive Flower Morphology in the Cupressaceae (Cypress Family) Examples of some common genera Common Juniper Juniperus communis L. var. depressa Pursh Bald Cypress Taxodium distichum (L.) L.C. Rich. Arbor Vitae [Northern White Cedar] Eastern Red Cedar [Juniper] Thuja occidentalis L. Juniperus virginiana L. var. virginiana CUPRESSACEAE – CYPRESS FAMILY Ashe's Juniper; Juniperus ashei J. Buchholz Common Juniper; Juniperus communis L. var. depressa Pursh Utah Juniper; Juniperus osteosperma (Torr.) Little Eastern Red Cedar [Juniper]; Juniperus virginiana L. var. virginiana Bald Cypress; Taxodium distichum (L.) L.C. Rich. Arbor Vitae [Northern White Cedar]; Thuja occidentalis L. Ashe's Juniper USDA Juniperus ashei J. Buchholz Cupressaceae (Cypress Family) Ashe Juniper Natural Area, Stone County, Missouri Notes: shrub to small tree; leaves evergreen, scale- like in 2-4 ranks, somewhat ovate with acute tip, no glands but resinous, margin with minute teeth; bark gray-brown-reddish, shreds easily, white blotches ring trunk and branches; fruit globular, fleshy and hard, blue, glaucous; dolostone bluffs and glades [V Max Brown, 2010] Common Juniper USDA Juniperus communis L. -
Individualistic Response of Piñon and Juniper Tree Species Distributions to Climate Change in North America's Arid Interior West
Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU All Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate Studies 5-2011 Individualistic Response of Piñon and Juniper Tree Species Distributions to Climate Change in North America's Arid Interior West Jacob R. Gibson Utah State University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd Part of the Climate Commons, and the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons Recommended Citation Gibson, Jacob R., "Individualistic Response of Piñon and Juniper Tree Species Distributions to Climate Change in North America's Arid Interior West" (2011). All Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 908. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/908 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INDIVIDUALISTIC RESPONSE OF PIÑON AND JUNIPER TREE SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN NORTH AMERICA'S INTERIOR WEST by Jacob R. Gibson A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE in Ecology Approved: ____________________ ____________________ Thomas C. Edwards, Jr. James A. MacMahon Major Advisor Committee Member ____________________ ____________________ Terry L. Sharik Gretchen G. Moisen Committee Member Committee Member ____________________ Byron Burnham Dean of Graduate Studies UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY Logan, Utah 2011 ii ABSTRACT Individualistic Response of Piñon and Juniper Tree Species Distributions to Climate Change in North America's Arid Interior West by Jacob R. Gibson, Master of Science Utah State University, 2011 Major Professor: Dr. Thomas C. -
Demonstration Arboretum and Honor Grove Species List
DEMONSTRATION ARBORETUM AND HONOR GROVE SPECIES LIST HONOR GROVE DECIDUOUS CONTINUED COMMON NAME LATIN CLASSIFICATION COMMON NAME LATIN CLASSIFICATION Silver maple Acer saccharinum American beech Fagus grandiflora Sugar maple Acer saccharum Indiancherry Frangula caroliniana Pecan Carya illinoensis White ash Fraxinus americana Common hackberry Celtis occidentalis Green ash Fraxinus pennsylvanica Eastern redbud Cercis canadensis Thornless honeylocust Gleditsia triacanthos Ginkgo Ginkgo biloba var. inermis Kentucky coffeetree Gymnocladus dioica Carolina silverbell Halesia carolina Black walnut Juglans nigra Possenhaw Ilex decidua Osage-orange Maclura pomifera Little walnut Juglans microcarpa Austrian pine Pinus nigra Black walnut Juglans nigra Eastern white pine Pinus strobus English walnut Juglans regia Sawtooth oak Quercus acutissima Sweetgum Liquidambar styraciflua Bur oak Quercus macrocarpa Tuliptree Liriodendron tulipifera English oak Quercus robur Southern magnolia Magnolia grandiflora Northern red oak Quercus rubra Sweetbay magnolia Magnolia virginiana Baldcypress Taxodium distichum Prairie crabapple Malus ioensis Dawn redwood Metasequoia glyptostroboides DEMONSTRATION ARBORETUM Water tupelo Nyssa aquatica Sourwood Oxydendrum arboreum DECIDUOUS Chinese pistache Pistacia chinensis John Pair caddo maple Acer saccharum ‘John Pair’ Black cherry Prunus serotina Shantung maple Acer truncatum Hop tree Ptelea trifoliata Yellow buckeye Aesculus flava Sawtooth oak Quercus acutissima Ohio buckeye Aesculus glabra White oak Quercus alba Red buckeye -
An Updated List of Species Used in Tree-Ring Research
TREE-RING BULLETIN, Vol. 53, 1993 AN UPDATED LIST OF SPECIES USED IN TREE-RING RESEARCH HENRI D. GRISSINO-MAYER Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research University of Arizona Tucson, AZ 85721, U.S.A. ABSTRACT During the past 100 years, researchers have investigated the potential of hundreds of tree and shrub species for use in applications of tree-ring research. Although several lists of species known to crossdate have been published, investigated species that do not crossdate are rarely included despite the usefulness of this infonnation for future research. This paper provides a list of the Latin and common names of 573 species that have been investigated in tree-ring research, infor mation on species known to crossdate, and information on species with measurement and/or chronology data in the International Tree-Ring Data Bank. In addition, a measure of the suitability of a species for future tree-ring applications, the Crossdating Index (CDI), is developed and pro posed for standard usage. 1n den letzten hundert J ahren haben Forscher das Potential von hunderten von Baum- und Buscharten fi.ir die Anwendung in der Jahresring-Forschung untersucht. Zahlreiche Listen mit Arten, von denen man wei~, da~ sie zeitlich korrespondieren, sind bereits veroffentlicht worden, dagegen sind untersuchte Arten, die nicht zeitlich korresponclieren, selten in Publikationen beriick sichtigt worden, obwohl diese Informationen fi.ir die kiinftige Forschung nutzvoll sein konnten. Dieser Artikel legt eine Liste der lateinischen und der gemeinen Narnen von 573 Arten vor, die im Rahmen der Jahresring-Forschung untersucht worden sind, Inforrnationen Uber Arten, die bekan nterweise zeitlich korrespondieren sowie Informationen iiber Arten mit Ma~- und/oder Chronologiedaten in der intemationalen Jahresring-Datenbank (International Tree-Ring Data Bank). -
Accepted Manuscript1.0
Received: 13 October 2017 Revised: 9 November 2017 Accepted: 14 November 2017 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13109 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Impacts of long‐term precipitation manipulation on hydraulic architecture and xylem anatomy of piñon and juniper in Southwest USA P. J. Hudson1 | J. M. Limousin2 | D. J. Krofcheck1 | A. L. Boutz1 | R. E. Pangle1 | N. Gehres1 | N. G. McDowell3 | W. T. Pockman1 1 Department of Biology, MSC03 2020, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM Abstract 87131‐0001, USA Hydraulic architecture imposes a fundamental control on water transport, underpinning plant 2 Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive productivity, and survival. The extent to which hydraulic architecture of mature trees acclimates CEFE, UMR5175, CNRS, Université de to chronic drought is poorly understood, limiting accuracy in predictions of forest responses to Montpellier, Université Paul‐Valéry future droughts. We measured seasonal shoot hydraulic performance for multiple years to assess Montpellier, Montpellier 34293, France xylem acclimation in mature piñon (Pinus edulis) and juniper (Juniperus monosperma) after 3+ years 3 Earth Systems Analysis and Modeling, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA of precipitation manipulation. Our treatments consisted of water addition (+20% ambient precip- 99352, USA itation), partial precipitation‐exclusion (−45% ambient precipitation), and exclusion‐structure con- Correspondence trol. Supplemental watering elevated leaf water potential, sapwood‐area specific hydraulic P. J. Hudson, Department of Biology, MSC03 conductivity, and leaf‐area specific hydraulic conductivity relative to precipitation exclusion. 2020, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131‐0001, USA. Shifts in allocation of leaf area to sapwood area enhanced differences between irrigated and Email: [email protected] droughted KL in piñon but not juniper. -
Mistletoes of North American Conifers
United States Department of Agriculture Mistletoes of North Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station American Conifers General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-98 September 2002 Canadian Forest Service Department of Natural Resources Canada Sanidad Forestal SEMARNAT Mexico Abstract _________________________________________________________ Geils, Brian W.; Cibrián Tovar, Jose; Moody, Benjamin, tech. coords. 2002. Mistletoes of North American Conifers. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS–GTR–98. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 123 p. Mistletoes of the families Loranthaceae and Viscaceae are the most important vascular plant parasites of conifers in Canada, the United States, and Mexico. Species of the genera Psittacanthus, Phoradendron, and Arceuthobium cause the greatest economic and ecological impacts. These shrubby, aerial parasites produce either showy or cryptic flowers; they are dispersed by birds or explosive fruits. Mistletoes are obligate parasites, dependent on their host for water, nutrients, and some or most of their carbohydrates. Pathogenic effects on the host include deformation of the infected stem, growth loss, increased susceptibility to other disease agents or insects, and reduced longevity. The presence of mistletoe plants, and the brooms and tree mortality caused by them, have significant ecological and economic effects in heavily infested forest stands and recreation areas. These effects may be either beneficial or detrimental depending on management objectives. Assessment concepts and procedures are available. Biological, chemical, and cultural control methods exist and are being developed to better manage mistletoe populations for resource protection and production. Keywords: leafy mistletoe, true mistletoe, dwarf mistletoe, forest pathology, life history, silviculture, forest management Technical Coordinators_______________________________ Brian W. Geils is a Research Plant Pathologist with the Rocky Mountain Research Station in Flagstaff, AZ. -
Traverse Mountain Approved Plant List
08.03.2010 Traverse Mountain Approved Plant List Evergreen Trees Type Scientific Name Common Name Sun/Shade Water Req. Zone Color Evergreen Trees Abies concolor White Fir Full Sun/Part Shade Medium 3 Silver Blue-Green Evergreen Trees Abies lasiocarpa 'Arizonica' Corkbark Fir Full Sun Low 4 Blue-Green Evergreen Trees Chamaecyparis nootkatensis Alaskan Cedar Full Sun Low 4 Blue-Green Evergreen Trees Cedrus Alantica Glauca Blue Atlas Cedar Full Sun Moderate 3 Silver Blue-Green Evergreen Trees Cedrus Deodora Prostratra 'Emeral Prostrate Deodora Cedar Full Sun Moderate 3 Green- Silvery Blue Evergreen Trees Juniperus osteosperma Utah Juniper Full Sun Low 4-7 Green Evergreen Trees Juniperus scopulorum Rocky Mountain Juniper Full Sun Low 2 Green Evergreen Trees Juniperus squamata 'Blue Alps' Flaky Juniper Full Sun Medium 4 Medium Blue Evergreen Trees Juniperus virginiana 'Cupressifolia' Hillspire Juniper Full Sun Low 5 Green Evergreen Trees Juniperus virginiana 'Skyrocket' Skyrocket Juniper Full Sun Low 5 Silver-gray Evergreen Trees Picea Abies Norway Spruce Full Sun-Light Shade Low 3 Dark Green Evergreen Trees Picea englemannii Englemann Spruce Full Sun Low 2 Green Evergreen Trees Picea Omorika Serbian Spruce Full Sun Low 2 Green Evergreen Trees Picea Pungens Colorado Spruce Full Sun Low 2 Green Evergreen Trees Picea Pungens Glauca Colorado Blue Spruce Full Sun Low 2 Blue Green Evergreen Trees Picea glauca densata Black Hills Spruce Full Sun Medium 3 Green Evergreen Trees Picea pungens glauca 'Baby Blue Eyes' Baby Blue Eyes Spruce Full Sun Medium