SHEFFIELD T HE HOME OF FOOTBALL SHEFFIELD THE HOME OF FOOTBALL An early photograph of Sheffield FC - Founded in 1857 Sheffield: The Home of Football The Perambulations of Barney the Irishman Football, or soccer, is the most popular spectator sport in the world and the 2012 In Sheffield, an account of a mob football game at Bents Green was described World Cup final in South Africa between Spain and the Netherlands had 3.2billion by Bernard Bird in 1793: “There were selected six young men of Norton, dressed viewers, more than 40% of the global population. The spiritual home of football in green; and six young men of Sheffield, dressed in red. The play continued for is in Sheffield and this programme provides some details of its remarkable three consecutive days. At the arch which was erected at each end of the place heritage which are summarised in the centre pages (12-13). selected, there was a hole in the goal, and those of the Sheffield side would prevent the ball from passing through the hole. Then those on the Norton side Early Games of Football (not being so numerous as those of Sheffield) sent messengers to the Peak and other places in the county of Derby; in consequence thereof, a great number of For many people there is an instinctive reaction to kick a small stone or tin can men appeared on the ground from Derbyshire. when they are encountered along a pathway, and this instinct is evident in the numerous early games of football found in many countries across the globe. Then those from Sheffield sent fife and drum through the streets of the town, to The Ancient Greeks were known to play a game called episkyros which was collect recruits and sufficient force against Derbyshire men. The fashion then was described by Antiphanes (388-311 BC) and the Romans also played a ball game for all responsible gentlemen, tradesmen and artisans of Sheffield to wear long called harpastum. tails. Hence, at the conclusion of the third day, a general row or struggle took place between the contending parties, insomuch that the men of Derbyshire cut In China, Zhan Guo Ce compiled a military manual between the 3rd and 1st and pulled nearly all the tails from the heads of the gentlemen of Sheffield. centuries BC, in which cuju (literally ‘kick ball’) involved kicking a ball through a hole in a silk cloth attached to bamboo canes. Around 600 AD in Japan, kemari I understand there were many slightly wounded, but none were killed; thus was played at the Imperial Court where people stood in a circle and kicked the ended the celebrated football match which aroused the bad passions of ball to one another trying to keep it off the ground—it was an early form of humanity for many years afterwards, insomuch so that the inhabitants of Norton ‘keepie-uppie’. felt a dread in coming to Sheffield, even about their necessary business.” In 1586 seamen commanded by John Davis played the Inuit in Greenland and in 1610 William Strachey from Jamestown, Virginia, described a game called Pahsaheman which was played by Native Americans. Down under in Australia there is an account from 1878 of indigenous people also playing with a ball. Mob Football During the Middle Ages, Shrovetide games of football were common across Western Europe and around 1174-1183 William FitzStephen wrote about games in London, “After lunch all the youth of the city go out into the fields to take part in a ball game. The students of each school have their own ball; the workers from each city craft are also carrying their balls. Older citizens, fathers, and wealthy citizens come on horseback to watch their juniors competing, and to relive their own youth.” These Shrovetide games can still be experienced at Ashbourne in Derbyshire, with two sides—the Up’Ards and the Down’Ards (upwards and downwards) numbering hundreds on each side. The game lasts from 2.00pm until 10.00pm with each team attempting to carry, throw or kick the ball to their own goal. The goals are stone pillars which lie some three miles apart. Other games of mob football can be found elsewhere in Britain including the Ba’ Game 14th century carving of football players in Gloucester Cathedral at Kirkwall in the Orkneys and there is even a 14th century carving of football players in Gloucester Cathedral. (See image on right) 2 3 Sheffield FC (1857) Games of football have been played across Britain for many hundreds of years and the rules were mainly locally determined. In May 1857, William Prest, a wine merchant and captain of Yorkshire County Cricket Club, and Nathaniel Creswick, a solicitor, discussed the success of cricket at Bramall Lane and the need for organised sport during the winter months. They concluded that a football club should be founded and some months later, on 24 October, Sheffield Foot Ball Club was officially founded. They are the oldest association football club in the world. Creswick and Prest produced their own practical version of eleven football playing rules. Although they wrote to various public schools requesting their rules it would appear that these were too varied and so the rules the two men constructed were largely of a local origin. and Sheffield the half-time break was extended to allow the height of the Since there were no other teams to compete with, the players took part in crossbar to be adjusted because Sheffield played with a bar at nine feet high and internal games e.g. Singles v Marrieds, family names A-M would play N—Z. etc. London with one at eight feet high. It was originally Sheffield which proposed Players were required to provide themselves with two flannel caps, one red and the use of an eight-foot crossbar. the other dark blue, so that each team could be distinguished by wearing one colour. As a result of the confusion and disputes which arose because of the different sets of rules, a meeting of several football clubs was called in 1863 at the The world’s oldest surviving original football rules are the Sheffield Rules. (Right) Freemason’s Tavern, London with the intention of unifying the rules among its ‘The Club’ took a relatively relaxed attitude to the rules and these changed over members. This inaugural meeting of the Football Association was followed by the years. One illustration of this was the giving of ‘odds’ in which the weaker others to which public schools were invited and there were also contributions team were allowed to have more players. In one game Sheffield had 12 players from Sheffield FC. Most importantly, Sheffield proposed to the FA that the and Norton eighteen. Generally, the number of players on each side was even; ball should not be carried by hand and there should be no hacking (kicking an however, in one game of twenty-a-side at Sheffield Barracks, Creswick the opponent below the knee). Reaching agreement was not easy and eventually captain of Sheffield, became so concerned about the number of opposition Blackheath lost their argument supporting hacking and running with the ball. As players that he complained to the military officer who had his men parade and a consequence, Blackheath withdrew and this junction marks the divergence of this revealed that they numbered thirty-eight. rugby and football. In those early days there was little distinction between what we now know as Sheffield FC made many other contributions which shaped the origins of the football and rugby. When teams played each other they would normally play beautiful game and which continue to this day. In addition, they suggested by the home side’s rules or sometimes play one half to one set of rules and the the use of free kicks for rule infringements; a throw in by the opposite team to second half by the other set of rules. In 1872, during a game between London the one which kicked it out; eleven-a-side; 90-minute games; changing ends at 4 5 half-time and the introduction of the crossbar. Furthermore, Sheffield FC were Match Report from Sheffield Daily Telegraph 30th December 1861 involved with the first inter-city game against Nottingham in 1862. Sheffield Club was also quite emancipated for its time. A female was admitted as a member FOOTBALL MATCH AT HYDE PARK in 1859, the first in the history of football, and nine of the 252 members were women by 1864. A spiritedly and well-contested, although all who witnessed the club against a similar number of players belonging to the Sheffield match must acknowledge a rough, game at football was played club. The sides were composed of the following gentlemen. Hallam: at Hyde Park, on Saturday, between the Sheffield and Hallam Messrs. J. C. Shaw, (the captain of the field), J. Snape, F. Vickers, Brendan Murphy’s book From Sheffield With Love describes the history of clubs. The proceeds were to be appropriated to the laudable object G. H. Waterfall, F. Warburton, William Waterfall, B. Elliott, Alfred Sheffield Football Club and proposes a connection with Melbourne, Australia and of benefiting that admirable institution, the public hospital and Waterfall, George Elliott, A. Hobson, A. W. Pearson, J. W. Pye-Smith, the origins of Australian Rules football. A possible relative of Nathaniel Creswick, dispensary. The weather was unquestionably suitable for the players, H. Moore, and Captain Vickers (Hallamshire Rifles). Sheffield: Captain one Henry Creswick and his brother, emigrated from Sheffield to Australia but the spectators, who mustered between 600 and 700 appeared N.