710 Spirits Solubility Parameter Hildebrand Solubility Parameters
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Retention Indices for Frequently Reported Compounds of Plant Essential Oils
Retention Indices for Frequently Reported Compounds of Plant Essential Oils V. I. Babushok,a) P. J. Linstrom, and I. G. Zenkevichb) National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA (Received 1 August 2011; accepted 27 September 2011; published online 29 November 2011) Gas chromatographic retention indices were evaluated for 505 frequently reported plant essential oil components using a large retention index database. Retention data are presented for three types of commonly used stationary phases: dimethyl silicone (nonpolar), dimethyl sili- cone with 5% phenyl groups (slightly polar), and polyethylene glycol (polar) stationary phases. The evaluations are based on the treatment of multiple measurements with the number of data records ranging from about 5 to 800 per compound. Data analysis was limited to temperature programmed conditions. The data reported include the average and median values of retention index with standard deviations and confidence intervals. VC 2011 by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States. All rights reserved. [doi:10.1063/1.3653552] Key words: essential oils; gas chromatography; Kova´ts indices; linear indices; retention indices; identification; flavor; olfaction. CONTENTS 1. Introduction The practical applications of plant essential oils are very 1. Introduction................................ 1 diverse. They are used for the production of food, drugs, per- fumes, aromatherapy, and many other applications.1–4 The 2. Retention Indices ........................... 2 need for identification of essential oil components ranges 3. Retention Data Presentation and Discussion . 2 from product quality control to basic research. The identifi- 4. Summary.................................. 45 cation of unknown compounds remains a complex problem, in spite of great progress made in analytical techniques over 5. -
The Formation of Butane in the Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate with Butyllithium
Polymer Journal, Vol. 12, No. 8, pp 535-537 (1980) SHORT COMMUNICATION The Formation of Butane in the Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate with Butyllithium Koichi HATADA, Tatsuki KITAYAMA, and Heimei YUKI Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560, Japan. (Received February 28, 1980) KEY WORDS Methyl Methacrylate I Perdeuterated Methyl Methacrylate I Anionic Polymerization I Butyllithium I Toluene I Tetrahydrofuran I Butane Formation I Mass Spectroscopy I Butene I It has been found that a small amount of butane merization reactions in toluene: (1) the poly is formed when the polymerization of methyl merization of MMA terminated by CH30D methacrylate is initiated with butyllithium and (MMA-CH30D system) and (2) that of MMA-d8 terminated with acetic acid. The origin of the butane terminated by CH3 0H (MMA-d8-CH3 0H system). was not clear, although the proton abstraction from The reactions were quenched at 10 min following the monomer is assumed. 1 the initiation. The spectra of butane (BuH) and In this work the polymerizations of undeuterated butane-d-1, CH3 CH2 CH2CH2 D, (BuD) are also (MMA) and perdeuterated (MMA-d8 ) methyl shown for comparison. The BuH and BuD were methacrylates were initiated with undeuterated obtained by the reaction of BuLi with CH30H and butyllithium (BuLi) and terminated by CH3 0D and CH30D, respectively. By inspecting these four CH3 0H, respectively. Deuterium distributions in spectra, it can be seen that the butane from the the butane formed were determined by combined MMA-CH3 0D system mainly consists of BuD and gas-liquid phase chromatography-mass spectrom the butane from the MMA-d8-CH30H system is etry. -
Safety Data Sheet
SAFETY DATA SHEET 1. Identification Product number 1000007900 Product identifier AUTO GLASS QUICK RELEASE AGENT Company information Sprayway, Inc. 1005 S. Westgate Drive Addison, IL 60101 United States Company phone General Assistance 1-630-628-3000 Emergency telephone US 1-866-836-8855 Emergency telephone outside 1-952-852-4646 US Version # 01 Recommended use Not available. Recommended restrictions None known. 2. Hazard(s) identification Physical hazards Flammable aerosols Category 1 Health hazards Serious eye damage/eye irritation Category 2A Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure Category 3 narcotic effects Aspiration hazard Category 1 Environmental hazards Not classified. OSHA defined hazards Not classified. Label elements Signal word Danger Hazard statement Extremely flammable aerosol. May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways. Causes serious eye irritation. May cause drowsiness or dizziness. Precautionary statement Prevention Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames/hot surfaces. - No smoking. Do not spray on an open flame or other ignition source. Pressurized container: Do not pierce or burn, even after use. Avoid breathing gas. Wash thoroughly after handling. Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area. Wear eye/face protection. Response If swallowed: Immediately call a poison center/doctor. If inhaled: Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing. If in eyes: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. Call a poison center/doctor if you feel unwell. Do NOT induce vomiting. If eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention. Storage Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed. Store locked up. -
An Artifact in a Synthetic Pine Oil
RESEARCH NOTE J. Ess. Oil Res., 3, 41-42 (Jan/Feb 1991) An Artifact in a Synthetic Pine Oil Duane F. Zinkel USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory* One Gifford Pinchot Drive Madison, WI 53705-2398 ABSTRACT: The isopropyl ether of a-terpineol was identified as an artifact in the synthetic pine oil produced when isopropyl alcohol was used as the emulsifier. KEY WORD INDEX: Synthetic pine oil, a-terpineol isopropyl ether, terpinen-4-ol isopropyl ether, turpentine. INTRODUCTION: The manufacture of synthetic pine oil is the primary use for turpentine. The synthesis involves the acid-catalyzed hydration of a-pinene at the in terface ofan emulsion of pinene/mineral acid (1). Various emulsifiers have been used, one of which is isopropyl alcohol. Our gas chromatographic examination of a commercial distilled pine oil, produced using the isopropyl alcohol emulsifier, revealed the presence of 4-5% of a higher boiling component product not present originally in the turpentine. EXPERIMENTAL: NMR spectra were obtained at 310 K with a Bruker WM250 (250 MHz proton and 62.9 MHz carbon) FT spectrometer controlled by an Aspect 2000A minicomputer; DEPT spectra were obtained with a standard Bruker program. Gas chromatography was done with a Hewlett Packard 5880 gas chromatograph (FID) and fused-silica columns: a DB-1 (a methyl silicone) column from J & W Scientific (Folsom, CA), 15m x 0.25mmi.d. witha 0.1-µmfilmoperatedat60°Cand a Carbowaxcolumn,30m x 0.25mm with a 0.25-µm film temperature programmed from 60°C to 225°C at 8°C/min. isopropyl etherwas isolated by liquid chromatography. -
(19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub
US 20060081822A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. N0.: US 2006/0081822 A1 Koetzle (43) Pub. Date: Apr. 20, 2006 (54) METHOD TO INCREASE FLASH POINTS OF (52) US. Cl. ............................................................ .. 252/601 FLAMMABLE SOLVENTS (76) Inventor: A. Richard Koetzle, Rochester, NY (57) ABSTRACT (Us) Correspondence AddreSSI The present invention relates to a method to decrease the A- RICHARD KOETZLE ?ammability of normally ?ammable alcohols and solvents. 134 STONECLIFF DRIVE The additive is Alpha Terpineol, Which Will increase the ROCHESTER’ NY 14616 (Us) ?ash point of ?ammable alcohols or solvents, by blending the Terpineol into the ?ammable solvent or alcohol. Solvents (21) Appl' NO" 10/968’441 such as acetone, methanol, ethylacetate, ethanol and Xylene, (22) Filed, Oct 20 2004 to name a feW, increases ?ash points by 50° C. to 60° C., by i ’ addition of 12-14% terpineol. The said solvent can then be Publication Classi?cation blended With other organic solvents to produce performance solvents, such as paint strippers With ?ash points greater (51) Int. Cl. than 1400 F. and meet Federal and state Volatile Organic C 09K 21/00 (2006.01) Compound regulations. US 2006/0081822 A1 Apr. 20, 2006 METHOD TO INCREASE FLASH POINTS OF [0008] The organic solvent or combination of solvents can FLAMMABLE SOLVENTS comprise up to 99 Weight percent of the composition in total, and may be the combination of tWo or more different types BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION of organic solvents. A typical combination may comprise; [0001] Many industrial processing cleaning compositions [0009] 1.0 to 99 Weight percent organic solvent. -
Site-Directed Amino Acid Substitutions in the Hydroxylase
JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY, July 2006, p. 4962–4969 Vol. 188, No. 13 0021-9193/06/$08.00ϩ0 doi:10.1128/JB.00280-06 Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. Site-Directed Amino Acid Substitutions in the Hydroxylase ␣ Subunit of Butane Monooxygenase from Pseudomonas butanovora: Implications for Substrates Knocking at the Gate Kimberly H. Halsey,1 Luis A. Sayavedra-Soto,2 Peter J. Bottomley,3 and Daniel J. Arp2* Molecular and Cellular Biology Program,1 Department of Botany and Plant Pathology,2 Department of Microbiology,3 Oregon State University, Cordley 2082, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-2902 Received 22 February 2006/Accepted 22 April 2006 Butane monooxygenase (BMO) from Pseudomonas butanovora has high homology to soluble methane mono- oxygenase (sMMO), and both oxidize a wide range of hydrocarbons; yet previous studies have not demon- strated methane oxidation by BMO. Studies to understand the basis for this difference were initiated by making single-amino-acid substitutions in the hydroxylase ␣ subunit of butane monooxygenase (BMOH-␣)inP. butanovora. Residues likely to be within hydrophobic cavities, adjacent to the diiron center, and on the surface of BMOH-␣ were altered to the corresponding residues from the ␣ subunit of sMMO. In vivo studies of five site-directed mutants were carried out to initiate mechanistic investigations of BMO. Growth rates of mutant strains G113N and L279F on butane were dramatically slower than the rate seen with the control P. butanovora wild-type strain (Rev WT). The specific activities of BMO in these strains were sevenfold lower than those of Downloaded from Rev WT. Strains G113N and L279F also showed 277- and 5.5-fold increases in the ratio of the rates of 2-butanol production to 1-butanol production compared to Rev WT. -
Immobilization of P. Digitatum and Bioconversion of Limonene to Alpha-Terpineol. Qiang Tan Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1996 Immobilization of P. Digitatum and Bioconversion of Limonene to Alpha-Terpineol. Qiang Tan Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Tan, Qiang, "Immobilization of P. Digitatum and Bioconversion of Limonene to Alpha-Terpineol." (1996). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 6312. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/6312 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. -
Wöhler Synthesis of Urea
Wöhler synthesis of urea Wöhler, 1928 – – + + NH Cl + K N C O 4 NH4 N C O O H2N NH2 Friedrich Wöhler Annalen der Physik und Chemie 1828, 88, 253–256 Significance: Wöhler was the first to make an organic substance from an inorganic substance. This was the beginning of the end of the theory of vitalism: the idea that organic and inorganic materials differed essentially by the presence of the “vital force”– present only in organic material. To his mentor Berzelius:“I can make urea without thereby needing to have kidneys, or anyhow, an animal, be it human or dog" Friedrich Wöhler, 1880-1882 Polytechnic School in Berlin Support for vitalism remained until 1845, when Kolbe synthesized acetic acid Polytechnic School at Kassel from carbon disulfide University of Göttingen Fischer synthesis of glucose PhHN N O N O NHPh Br aq. HCl Δ PhNH2NH2 HO H HO H O Br "α−acrose" H OH H OH H OH H OH CH2OH CH2OH α−acrosazone α−acrosone an “osazone” (osazone test for reducing sugars) Zn/AcOH OH OH CO2H CHO O HO H HO H OH Br2 HO H HO H Na-Hg HO H HNO3 HO H H OH H OH H OH H OH then resolve H O+ H OH via strychnine H OH H OH 3 H OH CH2OH salts CH2OH CH OH CH2OH 2 D-Mannonic acid DL-Mannose DL-Mannitol DL-Fructose quinoline • Established stereochemical relationship CO2H CHO H OH H OH between mannose and glucose Na-Hg HO H HO H (part of Fischer proof) H OH + H OH H3O • work mechanisms from acrosazone on H OH H OH Emil Fischer, 1852-1919 CH2OH CH2OH University of Munich (1875-81) D-Gluconic acid D-Glucose University of Erlangen (1881-88) University of Würzburg (1888-92) University of Berlin (1892-1919) Fischer, E. -
Flavonoids and Terpenes • Analytical Standards for Terpenes and Flavonoid Analysis • Single-Element Standards and Mixes Available
cannstandards® Flavonoids and Terpenes • Analytical standards for terpenes and flavonoid analysis • Single-Element Standards and Mixes Available spexcertiprep.com Connect with us Phone: +1.732.549.7144 • +1.800.LAB.SPEX Spex CertiPrep is an Fax: +1.732.603.9647 Anatylia Scientific company [email protected] Find out more at antylia.com Flavonoids and Terpenes Flavonoids are naturally occurring secondary metabolic products which can have important functions within plants and benefit consumers with health and healing properties. Organic Certified Many beneficial compounds are metabolites produced as an end product Reference Materials of chemical and biological processes. Metabolites are small molecules that have many functions including defense, pigments, pheromones, odorants and catalysts. Primary metabolites are necessary for growth, development and reproduction. Flavonoids are secondary plant, algae or fungus metabolites composed of polyphenolic compounds. Secondary metabolites are not directly involved in critical processes but have secondary functions involving defense and pigmentation. We offer analytical standards for flavonoid analysis. Analytical Standards for Terpenes are the common term for a large group of compounds that contribute Flavonoid and Terpene Testing to flavor and smell of botanical products. Custom standards are also available. Contact us at 732.549.7144 or via email at [email protected] to discuss your specific requirements. Supplied with a Certificate of Analysis to 1702 ed 5 & it 1 d 7 re 0 c 3 c 4 A C er -
Butane Propane
Safety Data Sheet Product: Butane-Propane Mixture Page: 1 of 6 Issued: 12-November-2015 SECTION 1 - IDENTIFICATION: PRODUCT IDENTIFIER AND CHEMICAL IDENTITY The Coleman Company, Inc. 3600 N Hydraulic Wichita, Kansas 67219 Phone: 1 800 835 3278 (bus hours) Chemical Nature: Petroleum Gases, Liquefied Trade Name: Butane-Propane Mixture Product Use: Disposable cartridges for use in portable gas appliances Creation Date: 13-March-2013 Revision Date: 12-November-2015 SECTION 2 - HAZARD IDENTIFICATION UN Number: 2037, Receptacles, small, containing gas (gas cartridges) flammable, without release device, not refillable and not exceeding 1 L capacity Classification: Flammable Gases, Category 1 SUSDP Classification: S6 Hazard DANGER Statements Extremely flammable gas. Harmful if inhaled. Causes skin irritation. Causes serious eye irritation. Precautionary Keep out of the reach of children. Statements Keep container in a well-ventilated place at a temperature not exceeding 48oC. Keep away from heat and ignition sources - No Smoking. In case of fire, use dry chemical, water fog or foam. Use only in well ventilated areas. Wash thoroughly with soap and water after handling and before eating, drinking or using tobacco. In case of insufficient ventilation, wear suitable respiratory equipment. Remove to fresh air immediately. Get medical attention immediately. Do NOT induce vomiting. Get immediate medical attention. If frostbite, call a physician. Hold eyelids apart and flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Get medical attention. Avoid -
Safety Data Sheet
SAFETY DATA SHEET Flammable Gas Mixture: Acetone / Argon / C6+(Hexanes Plus) / Carbon Dioxide / Ethane / Ethanol / Helium / Hydrogen / Isobutane / Isopentane / Isopropyl Alcohol / Methane / N-Butane / N-Pentane / Neopentane / Nitrogen / Propane Section 1. Identification GHS product identifier : Flammable Gas Mixture: Acetone / Argon / C6+(Hexanes Plus) / Carbon Dioxide / Ethane / Ethanol / Helium / Hydrogen / Isobutane / Isopentane / Isopropyl Alcohol / Methane / N-Butane / N-Pentane / Neopentane / Nitrogen / Propane Other means of : Not available. identification Product use : Synthetic/Analytical chemistry. SDS # : 018560 Supplier's details : Airgas USA, LLC and its affiliates 259 North Radnor-Chester Road Suite 100 Radnor, PA 19087-5283 1-610-687-5253 24-hour telephone : 1-866-734-3438 Section 2. Hazards identification OSHA/HCS status : This material is considered hazardous by the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200). Classification of the : FLAMMABLE GASES - Category 1 substance or mixture GASES UNDER PRESSURE - Compressed gas TOXIC TO REPRODUCTION (Fertility) - Category 2 TOXIC TO REPRODUCTION (Unborn child) - Category 2 AQUATIC HAZARD (LONG-TERM) - Category 3 GHS label elements Hazard pictograms : Signal word : Danger Hazard statements : Extremely flammable gas. Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated. May form explosive mixtures in Air. May displace oxygen and cause rapid suffocation. May increase respiration and heart rate. Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child. Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects. Precautionary statements General : Read and follow all Safety Data Sheets (SDS’S) before use. Read label before use. Keep out of reach of children. If medical advice is needed, have product container or label at hand. Close valve after each use and when empty. -
I. Isolation of Certain Toxic Components of Kraft Mill Waste and Attempts To
AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF RICHARD CHARLES BANKS for the DOCTOROF PHILOSOPHY (Name) (Degree) in CHEMISTRY (Organic)presented on Aug. 12,1168 (Major) (Date) Title:I.ISOLATION OF CERTAIN TOXIC COMPONENTSOF KRAFT MILL WASTE AND ATTEMPTSTO DETERMINE THEIR STRUCTURE II.STUDIES OF THE MECHANISM OF THECOPE REARRANGEMENT OF 1, 2 -DI VINYL -1, 2-CYCLO- HEXANEDIOL Abstract approved: Elliot N. Marvell PART I. A chemical examination of the materialstoxic to fish in kraft pulp mill wastes has been made as partof a water pollution study.Thirty gallons of "foul condensate" from atypical kraft mill gave 14 g of organic materialwhen extracted with methylenechloride, and an additional 10 g was obtained whenthe residue was extracted with diethyl ether,Each extract was separated intoapproximately 20 fractions by column chromatography oversilica gel.The frac- tions were tested for toxicity to guppies,and the most toxic fractions were then studied in some detail. Four compounds were identified withcertainty: guaiacol (13.2% of the total organic material), cis - tenpinhydrate (1. 4%), a-terpineol (1. 1%), and 4-(E-toly1)-1-pentanol (8. 0%).Two other compounds were tentatively identified as ethyl guaiacol (2.9%) and trans - sylveterpin (0. 2%).The remainder of the organic materialcontained two major components and an extensive series ofminor constituents.Both major components were relatively low intoxicity but were neverthe- less examined in some detail. A ketone, -J = 1720cm-1,constituted about 26. 6% of theisolated material.It was converted to two derivatives,both oils.The sus- picion that this ketone was not pure wasconfirmed by mass spectrometry since early scans on a samplepassed to the ionizing chamber by a molecular leak differed significantlyfrom later scans.