Piero Della Francesca
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The Italian High Renaissance (Florence and Rome, 1495-1520)
The Italian High Renaissance (Florence and Rome, 1495-1520) The Artist as Universal Man and Individual Genius By Susan Behrends Frank, Ph.D. Associate Curator for Research The Phillips Collection What are the new ideas behind the Italian High Renaissance? • Commitment to monumental interpretation of form with the human figure at center stage • Integration of form and space; figures actually occupy space • New medium of oil allows for new concept of luminosity as light and shadow (chiaroscuro) in a manner that allows form to be constructed in space in a new way • Physiological aspect of man developed • Psychological aspect of man explored • Forms in action • Dynamic interrelationship of the parts to the whole • New conception of the artist as the universal man and individual genius who is creative in multiple disciplines Michelangelo The Artists of the Italian High Renaissance Considered Universal Men and Individual Geniuses Raphael- Self-Portrait Leonardo da Vinci- Self-Portrait Michelangelo- Pietà- 1498-1500 St. Peter’s, Rome Leonardo da Vinci- Mona Lisa (Lisa Gherardinidi Franceso del Giacondo) Raphael- Sistine Madonna- 1513 begun c. 1503 Gemäldegalerie, Dresden Louvre, Paris Leonardo’s Notebooks Sketches of Plants Sketches of Cats Leonardo’s Notebooks Bird’s Eye View of Chiana Valley, showing Arezzo, Cortona, Perugia, and Siena- c. 1502-1503 Storm Breaking Over a Valley- c. 1500 Sketch over the Arno Valley (Landscape with River/Paesaggio con fiume)- 1473 Leonardo’s Notebooks Studies of Water Drawing of a Man’s Head Deluge- c. 1511-12 Leonardo’s Notebooks Detail of Tank Sketches of Tanks and Chariots Leonardo’s Notebooks Flying Machine/Helicopter Miscellaneous studies of different gears and mechanisms Bat wing with proportions Leonardo’s Notebooks Vitruvian Man- c. -
Painting Perspective & Emotion Harmonizing Classical Humanism W
Quattrocento: Painting Perspective & emotion Harmonizing classical humanism w/ Christian Church Linear perspective – single point perspective Develops in Florence ~1420s Study of perspective Brunelleschi & Alberti Rules of Perspective (published 1435) Rule 1: There is no distortion of straight lines Rule 2: There is no distortion of objects parallel to the picture plane Rule 3: Orthogonal lines converge in a single vanishing point depending on the position of the viewer’s eye Rule 4: Size diminishes relative to distance. Size reflected importance in medieval times In Renaissance all figures must obey the rules Perspective = rationalization of vision Beauty in mathematics Chiaroscuro – use of strong external light source to create volume Transition over 15 th century Start: Expensive materials (oooh & aaah factor) Gold & Ultramarine Lapis Lazuli powder End: Skill & Reputation Names matter Skill at perspective Madonna and Child (1426), Masaccio Artist intentionally created problems to solve – demonstrating skill ☺ Agonistic Masaccio Dramatic shift in painting in form & content Emotion, external lighting (chiaroscuro) Mathematically constructed space Holy Trinity (ca. 1428) Santa Maria Novella, Florence Patron: Lorenzo Lenzi Single point perspective – vanishing point Figures within and outside the structure Status shown by arrangement Trinity literally and symbolically Vertical arrangement for equality Tribute Money (ca. 1427) Brancacci Chapel in Santa Maria del Carmine, Florence Vanishing point at Christ’s head Three points in story Unusual -
The Pietà in Historical Perspective
The Pietà in historical perspective The Pietà is not a scene that can be found in the Gospels. The Gospels describe Crucifixion (El Greco), Deposition or descent from the Cross (Rubens), Laying on the ground (Epitaphios), Lamentation (Giotto), Entombment (Rogier Van de Weyden) So How did this image emerge? Background one-devotional images • Narrative images from the Gospel, e.g Icon of Mary at foot of cross • Devotional images, where scene is taken out of its historical context to be used for prayer. e.g. Man of Sorrows from Constantinople and print of it by Israhel van Meckenhem. The Pietà is one of a number of devotional images that developed from the 13th century, which went with intense forms of prayer in which the person was asked to imagine themselves before the image speaking with Jesus. It emerged first in the Thuringia area of Germany, where there was a tradition of fine wood carving and which was also open to mysticism. Background two-the position of the Virgin Mary • During the middle ages the position of Mary grew in importance, as reflected in the doctrine of the Assumption (Titian), the image of the coronation of the Virgin (El Greco) • So too did the emphasis on Mary sharing in the suffering of Jesus as in this Mater Dolorosa (Titian) • Further background is provided by the Orthodox image of the threnos which was taken up by Western mystics, and the image of The Virgin of Humility A devotional gap? • So the Pietà, which is not a Gospel scene, started to appear as a natural stage, between the Gospel scenes of the crucifixion smf the deposition or descent from the cross on the one hand, and the stone of annointing, the lamentation, and the burial on the other. -
Metaphysical Mathematics 111
JOLE DE SANNA: METAPHYSICAL MATHEMATICS 111 METAPHYSICAL MATHEMATICS Jole de Sanna The metaphysical act imposes an identity that requires a terminology deal- ing with opposites. Dedicated to the geometric functions of metaphysical painting, the following study demonstrates how, from two extremities of history, Pythagorean harmony and modern mathematical physics come together in de Chirico’s work, upholding the space of the painting. At the dawn of the last century, for the young “Faust” descendants of Goethe, space was the valet of time. In 1906, de Chirico and his adoles- cent peers in Munich enclosed interiority and psychic flow inside “time”. Oswald Spengler writes that “one’s own”, destiny and time are mutable terms.1 De Chirico appropriates the perception of cosmic rhythm as a “voyager in time and within himself”. In the paintings, the natural science of the past – Pythagorean harmony – reaches the frontiers of modern physics in a unity of time constituted as “one’s own”. With fixed attention on “his” epoch, the artist superimposes two different phases of history and visions of the universe. At the beginning of the twentieth century, the concentration of energy focused on art was parallel to the expansion of mathematics and theoretical physics. To the trained eye, the connection between these endeavours is evident. The paintings analysed here trace out a genealogy of space in this order: • the fulfilment of harmony and the Golden Ratio in a Pythagorean and Platonic context (from Timaeus) in the first metaphysical paintings (1910- 12) situated in relation to the Universe or Infinite, as well as the rediscov- ery of the scenography of Ancient Rome and the use of modern theatre technology to define the metaphysical piazza (town square) inside the uniform polyhedron; 1 O. -
Egbert Haverkamp Begemann Rembrandt the Holy Family, St
REMBRANDT THE HOLY FAMILV, ST PETERSBURG PREVIOUSLY PUBLISHED H.W. Janson, Form follows function- o-r does it? Modernist design themy and the histmy of art (The First Gerson Lecture, held on October 2, 1981) D. Freedberg, Iconoclasts and thei-r motives (The Second Gerson Lecture, held on October 7, 1983) C. H. Smyth, Repat-riation of art from the collecting jJoint in Munich afte-r WoTld Wa-r ff (The Third Gerson Lecture, held on March 13, 1986) A. Martindale, Hemes, ancesto-rs, Telatives and the biTth of the jJoTtmit (The Fourth Gerson Lecture, held on May 26, 1988) L. N ochlin, Bathtime: Reno iT, Cezanne, DaumieT and the p-ractices of bathing in nineteenth-century Fmnce (The Sixth Gerson Lecture, held on November 2 1, 1991) M. Warnke, Laudando Pmecipere, der Medicizyklus des Peter Paul Rubens (Der siebente Gerson Vortrag, am rS. November 1993 gehalten) EDITOR'S NOTE The 5th Gerson Lecture was held in 1989. Its final text was made available to the Gerson Lectures Foundation in 1991 . At that moment, an unhappy coincidence of circumstances made publication without further delay impossible. We regret the fact that we had to disappoint the supporters of ow- Foundation for such a long period. Now at last, we are able to publish this lecture, thanks to the generous sponsoring 'in kind' ofWaanders Uitgevers. The Fifth Gerson Lecture held in memoryofHorstGerson (1907-1978) in the aula of the University ofGroningen on the 16th ofNovember 1989 Egbert Haverkamp Begemann Rembrandt The Holy Family, St Petersburg Groningen T he Gerson Lectures Foundation 1995 l REMBRANOT The Holy Family, 1645 4 REMBRANDT THE HOLY FAMILY, ST PETERSBURG Horst Gerson was a remarkable art historian and a remarkable man. -
19835 the Descent from the Cross England, Midlands C. 1480 40 X 24 X 5 Cm; Pale, Pale-Veined Alabaster with Vestiges of Gilding
19835 The Descent from the Cross England, Midlands c. 1480 40 x 24 x 5 cm; pale, pale-veined alabaster with vestiges of gilding and polychromy. A repaired break across the lower right-hand corner, and some infill behind the kneeling figure, including the proper right heel of the figure on the ladder and the background immediately behind it. A candle mark has scorched the stone on Christ’s proper right leg and the robes and underarm of Joseph of Arimathea. A historic drill hole at the top of the cross arm, perhaps used for suspension. Provenance Private Collection, France Description and Iconography One of the key moments in the Christian narrative of Christ’s Passion is the Descent from the Cross, or Deposition as it is also known, which details the process by which Jesus’s body was taken down from the Cross following his death. It is a scene recounted in all four Canonical Gospels1, and images of it circulated widely in Europe during the Medieval period. On this slim alabaster panel, the lifeless body of Christ is shown still in the process of being removed from a tall, Tau-shaped cross by two men who pull the large-headed nails from his hands and feet with pliers. Both men have rolled up the loose fabric of their sleeves to perform their task; one climbs 1 Matthew 27:57-61; Mark 15:42-47; Luke 23:50-56; John 19:38-42. SAM FOGG www.samfogg.com a ladder resting against the arm of the cross in order to reach up to Christ’s hand, while his counterpart kneels on the ground below him to get to the nail in Christ’s feet. -
Casentino E Val Tiberina
piano paesaggistico proposta d’ambito logo REGIONE TOSCANA livello d’ambito ambito 12 casentino e val tiberina Comuni di: Stia (AR), Pratovecchio (AR), Badia Tedalda (AR), Bibbiena (AR), Chiusi della Verna (AR), Castel San Niccolo (AR) Montemignaio (AR), Sestino (AR), Pieve Santo Stefano (AR), Ortignano Raggiolo ( AR), Caprese Michelangelo (AR), Chitignano (AR), Poppi (AR), Castel Focognano (AR), Sansepolcro (AR), Talla (AR), Anghiari (AR), Monterchi (AR), Subbiano (AR), Capolona (AR) profilo dell’ambito 1. descrizione interpretativa 2. invarianti strutturali 3. interpretazione di sintesi 4. disciplina d’uso 5. informazioni relative al piano piano paesaggistico logo REGIONE TOSCANA livello d’ambito casentino e val tiberina Poppi Stia Bibbiena Lago Montedoglio Pieve Santo Stefano Anghiari San Sepolcro Profilo dell’ambito 1 p. 3 casentino e val tiberina Profilo dell’ambito p. 4 piano paesaggistico logo REGIONE TOSCANA livello d’ambito casentino e val tiberina L’ambito Casentino e Val Tiberina, interessa gli alti bacini del fiume Arno e del fiume Tevere, comprende i paesaggi agroforestali del Casentino e della Valtiberina, si estende a est-nord-est sul versante adriatico con le Valli del Marecchia e del Foglia. Il Casentino si distingue per una dominanza di vasti complessi forestali - particolarmente con- tinui nei versanti del Pratomagno e all’interno del Parco Nazionale delle Foreste Casentinesi, Monte Falterona e Campigna. Il territorio di fondovalle è tuttora caratterizzato da una matrice agricola tradizionale in parte erosa da processi di urbanizzazione residenziale (particolarmente marcati tra Stia e Pratovecchio, tra Ponte a Poppi e Castel San Niccolò, tra Bibbiena e Soci) e industriale/artigianale (Pratovecchio, Campaldino, Bibbiena, Corsalone, tra Rassina e Capolona, ecc.). -
The Last Supper Seen Six Ways by Louis Inturrisi the New York Times, March 23, 1997
1 Andrea del Castagno’s Last Supper, in a former convent refectory that is now a museum. The Last Supper Seen Six Ways By Louis Inturrisi The New York Times, March 23, 1997 When I was 9 years old, I painted the Last Supper. I did it on the dining room table at our home in Connecticut on Saturday afternoon while my mother ironed clothes and hummed along with the Texaco. Metropolitan Operative radio broadcast. It took me three months to paint the Last Supper, but when I finished and hung it on my mother's bedroom wall, she assured me .it looked just like Leonardo da Vinci's painting. It was supposed to. You can't go very wrong with a paint-by-numbers picture, and even though I didn't always stay within the lines and sometimes got the colors wrong, the experience left me with a profound respect for Leonardo's achievement and a lingering attachment to the genre. So last year, when the Florence Tourist Bureau published a list of frescoes of the Last Supper that are open to the public, I was immediately on their track. I had seen several of them, but never in sequence. During the Middle Ages the ultima cena—the final supper Christ shared with His disciples before His arrest and crucifixion—was part of any fresco cycle that told His life story. But in the 15th century the Last Supper began to appear independently, especially in the refectories, or dining halls, of the convents and monasteries of the religious orders founded during the Middle Ages. -
Casentino Valdarno Valdichiana Valtiberina
casentino valdarno valdichiana valtiberina CASENTINO Poppi, panorama Le Balze Cortona, panorama VALTIBERINA Anghiari, panorama Le Casentino, la Haute Vallée de l'Arno, est traversé VALDARNO Le Valdarno est la vallée qui borde le fleuve Arno et qui est La Valdichiana, un ample amphithéâtre naturel circonscrit La Valtiberina ou Haute Vallée du Tibre tient son nom du internement par le fleuve et circonscrit par les montagnes délimitée à l'ouest par les collines du Chianti et la Valdambra par les montagnes siennoises et le lac Trasimène, est la vallée fleuve qui, à partir du Mont Fumaiolo, s'écoule vers la vallée de La Verna, de Camaldoli, des Alpes de Catenaia et et, à l'est, par la chaîne du Pratomagno. Son territoire est traversé la plus au sud de la province arétine. Les Étrusques s'y en effleurant la ville de Sansepolcro. Terre disputée par les par la chaîne du Pratomagno. Sa position, au nord-est par une ancienne route, la Cassia Vetus, actuellement calquée VALDICHIANA établirent pendant quelques siècles en y laissant des Arétins, par les Malatesta, seigneurs de Rimini, par les Pérugins, de la Toscane, en fit une terre de passage, de pèlerinage en grande partie par la route départementale Setteponti, qui témoignages extraordinaires dans la ville de Cortone. Les pour être enfin annexée par Florence entre les Apennins Toscans et les Apennins Émiliens. C'est reliait deux grands centres étrusques: Arezzo et Fiésole. collections exposées dans le Musée de l'Académie Étrusque à la fin du XVe siècle et, plus Terre de conquête de la part des Florentins qui y construirent au dans cette zone que les Étrusques établirent un de leurs centres et de la Ville de Cortona et les tombes seront rassemblées dans tard, par les Médicis. -
December 13, 2020
ST. CHRISTOPHER’S CHURCH CHESTER, MARYLAND DECEMBER 13, 2020 This week we look not at any of the magi but rather at ourselves with God’s charity and rejoice in the Lord for what He has wrought in us. We give thanks this week for what we can ac- complish in and through Jesus Christ. We also look at the life of the Blessed Mother and can rejoice with her as she prays the Magnificat LK 1:46 -ff. Her soul and likewise our soul can glo- Dear Brothers and Sisters in Christ, rify the Lord. We can look to last week and note the fact that two of the days we celebrated the Blessed Mother under two Rejoice, again I say, Rejoice! Today we celebrate the Third Sun- titles: The Immaculate Conception, Patroness of the United day of Advent and we notice the color rose is used in the envi- States of America, and The Virgin of Guadalupe, Patroness of ronment. Rose is the color signifying charity, the gift of Love the Americas and of the unborn. given by God for all who will receive Him in their heart. Jesus Christ is the perfection of what we will be and as He was incar- Let us Rejoice in what Jesus has made available to us and for all nate, born in time and space in the flesh of man, we humanity. Rejoice in the Him who conquered our faults and acknowledge the wonder of our unity between flesh and soul taught us forgiveness and life in His Father will enable us to live created by our Maker, God Himself. -
Sources of Donatello's Pulpits in San Lorenzo Revival and Freedom of Choice in the Early Renaissance*
! " #$ % ! &'()*+',)+"- )'+./.#')+.012 3 3 %! ! 34http://www.jstor.org/stable/3047811 ! +565.67552+*+5 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=caa. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit organization founded in 1995 to build trusted digital archives for scholarship. We work with the scholarly community to preserve their work and the materials they rely upon, and to build a common research platform that promotes the discovery and use of these resources. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. http://www.jstor.org THE SOURCES OF DONATELLO'S PULPITS IN SAN LORENZO REVIVAL AND FREEDOM OF CHOICE IN THE EARLY RENAISSANCE* IRVING LAVIN HE bronze pulpits executed by Donatello for the church of San Lorenzo in Florence T confront the investigator with something of a paradox.1 They stand today on either side of Brunelleschi's nave in the last bay toward the crossing.• The one on the left side (facing the altar, see text fig.) contains six scenes of Christ's earthly Passion, from the Agony in the Garden through the Entombment (Fig. -
53Rd International Congress on Medieval Studies
53rd International Congress on Medieval Studies May 10–13, 2018 Medieval Institute College of Arts and Sciences Western Michigan University 1903 W. Michigan Ave. Kalamazoo, MI 49008-5432 wmich.edu/medieval 2018 i Table of Contents Welcome Letter iii Registration iv-v On-Campus Housing vi-vii Food viii-ix Travel x Driving and Parking xi Logistics and Amenities xii-xiii Varia xiv Off-Campus Accommodations vx Hotel Shuttle Routes xvi Hotel Shuttle Schedules xvii Campus Shuttles xviii Mailings xix Exhibits Hall xx Exhibitors xxi Plenary Lectures xxii Reception of the Classics in the Middle Ages Lecture xxiii Screenings xxiv Social Media xxv Advance Notice—2019 Congress xxvi The Congress: How It Works xxvii The Congress Academic Program xxviii-xxix Travel Awards xxx The Otto Gründler Book Prize xxxi Richard Rawlinson Center xxxii Center for Cistercian and Monastic Studies xxxiii M.A. Program in Medieval Studies xxxiv Medieval Institute Publications xxxv Endowment and Gift Funds xxxvi 2018 Congress Schedule of Events 1–192 Index of Sponsoring Organizations 193–198 Index of Participants 199–218 Floor Plans M-1 – M-9 List of Advertisers Advertising A-1 – A-36 Color Maps ii Dear colleagues, It’s a balmy 9 degrees here in Kalamazoo today, but I can’t complain—too much— because Kalamazoo will not feel the wrath of the “bomb cyclone” and polar vortex due to hit the East Coast later this week, the first week of 2018. Nonetheless, today in Kalamazoo, I long for spring and what it brings: the warmth of the weather, my colleagues and friends who will come in May to the International Congress on Medieval Studies.