PRACTICAL ROADMAP

NERVOUS TISSUE DR N GRAVETT NEURONS

• MOTOR • SENSORY

 Anterior (ventral) horn  Dorsal root of spinal of spinal cord cord  Multipolar  Pseudounipolar ANTERIOR HORN CELLS

• Slide 64 Spinal Cord (vervet monkey)

Stain: Kluver and Berrera Technique

NOTE: with this technique, myelin stains dark blue and basophilic substances such as rER and nuclei stain violet.

 In this case we use “blue” and “purple” to describe the staining and not eosinophilic and basophilic.

SPINAL CORD

Anterior Ventral Horn

Arachnoid Ventricle Pia Mater Grey Matter White Matter Posterior Horn

Dura Mater

Dorsal ANTERIOR HORN CELL

Neuropil Cell Body

Dendrite

Vesicular Nucleus

Nucleolus

Nucleus of Nissl Bodies Neuroglial Cell ANTERIOR HORN CELL

Neuropil

Cell Body

Vesicular Nucleus Nucleolus Nissl Body Nucleus of Neuroglial Cell Dendrite

Nissl Body

Axon Hillock Axon SPINAL (DORSAL ROOT) GANGLION CELLS

• Slide 62 Spinal Ganglion

Stain: H&E

NOTE: The spinal ganglion is also known as the dorsal root ganglia and contains pseudounipolar neuron cell bodies. SPINAL (DORSAL ROOT) GANGLIA

Cell Bodies

Processes (Axons and Dendrites) SPINAL (DORSAL ROOT) GANGLIA

Cell Bodies

Processes (Axons and Dendrites)

NOTE: The neuronal cell bodies of the dorsal root ganglia are “clumped” together, and one cannot see any processes entering or leaving the cell bodies. The processes (axons and dendrites) are seen towards the edge/periphery of the group of cell bodies. SPINAL (DORSAL ROOT) GANGLIA

Satellite cells (arranged in ring like fashion around the cell body) Cell Body Nucleolus Vesicular Fine Granular Nucleus Nissl Substance

Nucleus of Satellite cell PERIPHERAL BRANCH OF A SPINAL NERVE

• Slide 32 Median Nerve

Stain: Mallory’s Technique

NOTE: Three dyes are used in Mallory’s technique, which results in collagen fibres (such as connective tissue) staining blue, the “neurokeratin” staining red, and nuclei staining reddish-orange PERIPHERAL NERVE

Myelinated Axons Vein

L.S. L.S. Adipose L.S. Tissue Skeletal Vein Muscle Artery T.S. T.S. Perineurium

Artery Epineurium PERIPHERAL NERVE Connective Tissue Coverings

Myelinated Axons

Endoneurium

Perineurium

Epineurium PERIPHERAL NERVE (L.S. HP)

Endoneurium

Central Axon (Unstained)

Node of Ranvier

Schwann Cell Nucleus Myelin Sheath (Neurokeratin) PERIPHERAL NERVE (T.S. HP)

Central Axon Schwann Cell (Unstained) Nucleus

Myelin Sheath (Neurokeratin) Schwann Cell Nucleus

Endoneurium Endoneurium Perineurium

Blood Vessel (BV) BV Epineurium PERIPHERAL BRANCH OF A SPINAL NERVE

• Slide 26 Neuro-vascular Bundle (Axillary Sheath)

Stain: H&E

NOTE: This is a demonstration slide. All the same features as mentioned previously for the peripheral nerve will be identifiable, only the staining reaction will be different. PERIPHERAL NERVE Neuro-vascular Bundle

Nervous Tissue

Vein

Artery Lymphiod Tissue

Nervous Tissue

Adipose Tissue

Nervous Tissue PERIPHERAL NERVE Neuro-vascular Bundle

Perineurium

Epineurium

Axons

Adipose Tissue PERIPHERAL NERVE Neuro-vascular Bundle

Fibroblast Nucleus

Endoneurium Blood Vessel

Axon Myelin Sheath

Schwann Cell Nucleus Perineurium NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION

• Slide 4 Striated Skeletal Muscle (Snake)

Stain: H&E and Gold Impregnation

NOTE: This is a demonstration slide. This is whole mount of striated skeletal muscle of the snake impregnated with gold to demonstrate the nerve fibres. NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION

Nerve Fibres Striated Skeletal Muscle NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION

Striated Skeletal Muscle

Nerve Fibres

Axon

Axon Terminal / Motor End Plate AUTONOMIC NERVE AND GANGLIA

• Slide 54 Wall of Vagina

Stain: H&E

NOTE: This is a demonstration slide. AUTONOMIC NERVE AND GANGLIA

Processes (Axons/Dendrites)

Satellite Nerve Cell Body Cell containing fine Nucleus granular Nissl Substance