1-15 July 2012

CONFIDENTIAL— NGO use only No copy, forward or sale © INSO 2012

Issue 101 REPORT 1‐15 July 2012 Index COUNTRY SUMMARY Central Region 1-5 The NORTH witnessed two BBIED at- The SOUTH suffered significant civilian 6-9 Northern Region tacks in provinces that rarely see such ac- casualties in a number of separate inci- Western Region 10-12 tivity. Samangan’s first ever BBIED target- dents, albeit primarily IED attacks. Most ed a parliament member (PM) and regional notable in terms of overall casualties Eastern Region 13-16 power broker, Ahmad Khan “Samangani,” (civilian and non-civilian) was a prolonged and in the process caused the most fatali- complex attack against an ANP HQ in Southern Region 17-20 ties of any singular security incident in the Kandahar, but in the same province, an 21 ANSO Info Page region this year. Shibirghan city in Jawzjan SVBIED detonated against a bus full of also recorded a BBIED blast, although daily workers from an IMF base, and fur- with much more limited results. In the ther civilian casualties occurred in an IED HIGHLIGHTS NORTHEAST, Kunduz - which last year detonation against a civilian bus in Ghazni,

 High profile attacks against was the northern province most often on as well as in a variety of other IED detona- GOA officials in Samangan the receiving end of such attacks – con- tions throughout these provinces, Helmand and Laghman ducted its transition ceremony, denoting and Uruzgan.  Tranche 3 of the transition the most conflict prone province yet to Although devoid of BBIEDs this period, moves into increasingly transition in the North, although one that contested provinces and the EAST region saw a high profile attack districts is expected to soon be followed by Faryab. in Laghman, when an IED detonated One of only two NGO incidents in the against the vehicle of the head of the  High numbers of civilian country this period occurred when in Ba- casualties in multiple IED Women’s Affairs Department, demonstrat- incidents in the South dakhshan, a message was sent to an NGO ing the degree to which GOA officials of in the form of a grenade thrown into their any capacity are branded “legitimate” tar- compound, injuring three staff members. gets by AOG. In Nangarhar, an IO staff The CENTRAL region notched the only member received a threating letter caution- other NGO incident this period in ing him against his involvement with for- ANSO is supported by Daykundi, when an NGO staff member eigners. was pulled out of his car and beaten due to In the WEST, Farah city was the recipient an interpersonal dispute. However, more of a complex attack against the provincial notable to the region was the initiation of governor’s compound, while in Ghor, stage three of the transition process, which complicated conflict dynamics between a moved into more contested areas country- local IEA-affiliated AOG, a large armed wide, including Kapisa province as well as group from Murghab, and the tribesmen of Puli Alam and Khushi districts of Logar. a recently slain provincial judge resulted in In Kapisa this initiated French IMF prepa- clashes and a worsening of the overall se- rations to withdraw in full and the planning curity situation in the northern districts. of an ANSF clearing operation, while in IOs were also directly or indirectly in- Logar, the transition ceremony suffered a volved in three separate incidents in the low level “statement attack,” when rockets region, although in each the individuals detonated against the ANP HQ as the dele- involved were left unharmed. gation from Kabul was preparing to depart.

ANSO is a project of the International NGO Safety Organisation (INSO), a registered charity in England & Wales no.1140276 and a company limited by guarantee no.7496737 THE ANSO REPORT Page 1

C ENTRAL REGION

NGO Incidents KABUL K ABUL Year to Date 9 50 This Report Period 0 Kabul did not see any repeat of 40 the previous period’s complex Street 9 by an NDS QRF unit, 30 attack, but did see multiple NDS having recently rented a house on 20 arrests of AOG members across the street; it remains unclear what 10 the city. This included a coordi- his role was to be, but the im- 0 nated set of raids related to a portance of the incident lies again complex attack network in PD 9, in its demonstration of both on- in and around Chehel Metra/40 going AOG presence in the city, Meter Road; a total of eight AOG and of often-effective NDS dis- KABUL AOG KABUL Crime operatives were arrested, including ruption. In Shahr-e Naw, two Aside from these operations, Kabul city re- two positively identified as ANA soldiers were detained in the mained characterized by minor ANP actions, BBIED operatives. While the Bakhtar Hotel for suspected links and petty as well as more serious criminality. intended target of the operation to the armed opposition, while in Most significant was the fatal shooting of a remains unclear, the raids demon- Macroyan, a civilian employee of local man who attempted to resist during an strate both continued AOG inten- the Supreme Court was arrested armed robbery in Kart-e Naw, when three tionality vis-à-vis high profile by NDS. These two incidents gunmen in a vehicle targeted another vehicle complex attacks in the city, and each suggest active AOG efforts that was transporting a large amount of cash the ability of security forces to to penetrate the capital’s state in- for a local businessman; the incident reinforces disrupt many of them. stitutions in an ever-changing ANSO’s standing assessment that resistance is Further NDS arrests of AOG manner, although the inherent the primary risk for the targets of such ordi- members or AOG-affiliated indi- opacity involved in NDS opera- narily non-violent armed robberies. In a simi- viduals were also recorded in the tions also means it is difficult to lar but non-violent instance, an IO staff mem- past fortnight. In Taimani, a reli- get the full picture behind the mo- ber was accosted and robbed of his valuable gious leader belonging to the tives of the detained individuals. while walking home in Macroyan. Haqqani faction was arrested on

NGO Incidents P ANJSHIR Year to Date 0 PANJSHIR This Report Period 0 50 During the past fortnight, there 40 were no security-related develop- absent from the province – with 30 ments in Panjshir, in a close ap- last year’s October combined VBIED/BBIED attack a singular, 20 proximation to the long-run aver- 10 age for the province. During the spectacular exception. previous period, a single IED det- Relative to the same period in 0 onated in the area of the Paryan 2011, this year maintained steady DAC, which, as with other such overall incident volumes, increas- kinetic incidents so far this year ing only from seven to eight (a PANJSHIR AOG PANJSHIR Crime (which amount to a total of three) mix of armed criminality stem- incident volumes in the country, although is a function of local political and ming from personal disputes and NGO actors and foreign tourists in the valley economic rent-seeking behavior the aforementioned elite-driven often do not enjoy a freedom of movement by provincial elites, not of any rent-seeking). As such, it contin- that would reflect this, given the tight control activity by the armed opposition, ues to be the case that Panjshir as that local security personnel exercise over the which continues to be functionally a whole has some of the lowest province’s terrain. THE ANSO REPORT Page 2

NGO Incidents KAPISA K APISA Year to Date 0 50 This Report Period 0 40 Along with Logar, Kapisa was one of two provinces in the central its intention for a large ANSF 30 region with areas formally an- clearing operation to take place 20 nounced to be soon undergoing after IMF withdrawal (and as such 10 likely to start shortly after Rama- transition during the first half of 0 the month, with a formal ceremo- dan), focused on the AOG- ny taking place in Mahmud Raqi dominated districts of Tagab, on July 4th. However, unlike Log- Alasay and Nijrab. This operation ar, Kapisa’s transition is to be to- is, though, likely to face little KAPISA AOG KAPISA Crime tal, with the French IMF contin- AOG resistance; a public an- increasing penetration of Mehtarlam has been gent soon departing the entire nouncement of such an operation significantly eased by the recent IMF with- province, as well as neighbouring will almost inevitably be followed drawal from the province’s western districts, Surobi, after an extended period by a concerted AOG cadre out- which remained much more contested. of operational presence. flow beforehand, mostly into those western Laghman districts A similar dynamic is likely to play out in Ka- The ceremony took place in ad- recently vacated by the IMF, pisa. Indeed, the French IMF detachment is vance of the actual physical with- where the armed opposition has not just departing from the relatively uncon- drawal of the IMF detachment already made strong gains. tested northern districts – of Mahmud Raqi from the province, which is slated and the Kohistans – but from the entire prov- to begin around the 21st of July Beyond that operation and into ince. As such, the timeline described above and is expected to last until mid- next year’s fighting season, we can for Laghman may be accelerated for Kapisa, August. The concurrency of this expect the province’s armed op- with AOG cadres capable of exploiting the withdrawal operation with Rama- position to exploit withdrawal by more complete absence of any IMF presence dan is not a coincidence; the IMF substantially escalating its target- more quickly than they were able to in Lagh- are expecting their road-bound ing campaign of ANSF and GOA man. Yet it remains likely that a concerted logistics convoys to receive con- officials. In this regard, neigh- push in the province will wait for next year, as siderable kinetic attention by the bouring Laghman – whose AOG the post-Ramadan ANSF operation will likely armed opposition, as a parting networks remain closely connect- encourage AOG cadres to absent themselves shot to their time in the province, ed to those of Kapisa – offers an in early autumn and remain out until the fol- and are therefore likely to be keen instructive insight into the prov- lowing spring. to attempt to exploit an anticipat- ince’s medium term prospects. ed weakened physical state of Around the transition of Me- Indeed, continuing the trend from the previ- AOG cadres due to their daytime htarlam during summer 2011, ous fortnight, actual kinetic activity remained fasting. In spite of this however, NDS and ANSF engaged in a low in Kapisa, with many of the province’s we can expect a spike in insecurity concerted campaign to round up AOG cadres ‘abroad’ in Laghman, escalating along the main provincial road in AOG members in the capital dis- their campaign of targeting GOA and ANSF Kapisa and on the section of the trict, and for a number of months in both the western districts and in Mehtarlam Kabul-Jalalabad highway between the security situation in the capital city after IMF withdrawal from those areas in Surobi and Pul-e Charki during improved substantially. However, early June (see Laghman). In Shukhi, an IED their withdrawal, particularly as since the beginning of this year’s struck an ANP vehicle on the 8th, injuring two opposition fighters have increased summer fighting season, there has policemen, while in the Joybar area of Tagab, their presence along these road- been a substantial deterioration of just north of the DAC on the main district ways already. security in Mehtarlam, with AOG road, AOG staged a daytime ambush on an openly patrolling in villages near ANP convoy, killing one policeman and injur- At the time of the transition cere- to the city during the night; their ing three more. mony, the GOA also announced

NOTICE: The graphs provided in the report are accurate as of 11 July 2012. THE ANSO REPORT Page 3

NGO Incidents P ARWAN Year to Date 0 PARWAN 50 This Report Period 0 AOG activity in Parwan contin- 40 ued to concentrate on the stretch ity in the district. There was, fur- 30 thermore, an RCIED strike of the Kabul-Bamyan highway 20 against an ANP vehicle just out- that runs through the province, 10 which moreover saw no further side Shinwari district in the Bel- 0 ANSF operations designed to andi area of Jabal Sarraj on the push back on the opposition’s 14th, which killed a policeman increasing presence along the stra- and a local, again demonstrating PARWAN AOG PARWAN Crime tegically important roadway. In undiminished operational reach. In Siyagerd, an ANP CP came all, five AOG attacks took place Bamyan hospital. Similar to the attack on an under SAF attack in the Abakan on the roadway, spread across IO convoy a month ago in the same area, this area, a key focus for opposition Sheikh Ali, Siyagerd and Shinwari, attack can be seen as a form of social pressure and targeting ANP in all but one assaults, while just across the dis- on local society, intended to communicate the trict border in Sheikh Ali, an ANP incident. In Shinwari, where the insecurities now associated with the normal convoy came under attack in the district shadow governor had flows of people and commerce through the Tangi Lalay area; in neither of killed his leading military com- area – and the government’s inability to stop it. mander for an extramarital affair these attacks were there any ANP during the previous fortnight, or AOG casualties. The final inci- As such, with increasing numbers of opposi- AOG fighters staged a night-time dent on the road occurred in tion fighters now present in the valleys that attack on the ANP HQ which western Sheikh Ali; gunmen intersect the highway, and an ANSF reluctance injured one policeman – likely a stopped a local vehicle bringing to deploy a large number of forces to push statement attack intended to livestock to Bamyan late in the back on this AOG presence, the roadway is demonstrate that the killing of this evening, and proceeded to severe- likely to continue to remain a significant risk commander has not negatively ly beat the two occupants, leaving for NGO road movements until the autumn. impacted AOG operational capac- one in a critical condition in

NGO Incidents B AMYAN Year to Date 0 BAMYAN 50 This Report Period 0 The northeast of Bamyan was 40 home to an uncharacteristic vol- were quickly dispatched to sup- 30 ume of violence during the past port the CP, and fell victim to a 20 fortnight, seeing two armed oppo- pre-planned RCIED ambush in 10 Karimak, a little west of Eshpush- sition operations within a week of 0 each other as part of an AOG ta; one ANP vehicle was hit by campaign to move onto the offen- the detonation, killing four police- men and injuring a further two. sive in the area. After the previ- BAMYAN AOG BAMYAN Crime ous fortnight’s detention of the The attack on the CP can be un- Saighan district shadow governor derstood to have been bait for the RCIED, a tactical sophistication ANP in the province since 2001 (i.e. nine vs. a (DSG), it could have been ex- total of six, three of which were sustained in an pected that the AOG networks in that has been absent from AOGs in the area up to now. ambush in Kahmard in Sept. 2011). Moreover, Saighan and Kahmard would re- this was the first incidence of kinetic activity treat in expectation of an ANSF Five days later, a pressure plate by the armed opposition in Shikari since 2009. and NDS follow-up effort. How- IED struck another ANP vehicle As such, the AOG networks operating in this ever, the opposite has occurred; while on routine patrol, this time valley, as well as in eastern Kahmard, have rd first, on the 3 of July an AOG in the northern part of the Shikari clearly demonstrated that they are willing and unit attacked an ANP CP in valley relatively near to the able to maintain an offensive disposition vis-à- Kahmard’s Eshpushta area, on the Kahmard border; the IED killed vis ANSF and IMF units; for their part, securi- border with Baghlan – the origin five policemen. Together, these ty forces have not yet conducted any signifi- of northeastern Bamyan’s AOG incidents outnumber the total pre- cant clearing operations in response. networks. ANP vehicle units vious casualties suffered by the THE ANSO REPORT Page 4

NGO Incidents WARDAK W ARDAK Year to Date 1 70 This Report Period 0 60 Overall AOG-driven insecurity 50 continued to creep up in Wardak, er than in 2011, they continue to 40 which took the accolade for the be able to contest security forces 30 home of the highest number of with a high degree of effectiveness 20 security incidents in the central where they try. Most notably, in 10 region during the first half of July. Nirkh’s Surpul area, AOG fighters 0 However, it is worth noting right ambushed an ANP convoy, killing off that while the conventional one policeman, while nearby in WARDAK AOG WARDAK Crime conflict continues to intensify in Awal Khel, another ambush on line with seasonal trends, the Ku- the same day killed a PSC guard. Elsewhere, Jaghatu saw noteworthy develop- chi-Hazara conflict remained con- In Saydabad’s Salar area, another ments, taking the form of social pressure by tained by a widely deployed ANSF PSC convoy was attacked, killing foreign elements within the armed opposition presence in the Hazara-majority two PSC guards and one armed during the past fortnight. Those local shop- districts to the west, with local opposition fighter, while a total of keepers in the main Jaghatu bazaar that sell reports indicating that the multi- five logistics trucks were de- food items were approached by Waziristani ethnic composition of the security stroyed in four separate incidents fighters and told to shut their shops, because forces assisted in preventing fur- in different places along the road- they were alleged to be providing some of their ther outbreaks of violence during way. produce to the security forces. Local elders the past fortnight. However, Two IMF operations also took subsequently raised the issue with local AOG while the government has had place along the highway during command, who later assured the shopkeepers tactical success in this regard in the past fortnight, with each lead- that they could continue to work as normal. the past weeks, a higher-order ing to the deaths of five AOG This development indicates a subtle change in political solution remains fighters; in Salar, an airstrike killed the balance of power between local and for- unachieved, and as such the po- five and injured three as they were eign AOG cadres in Jaghatu, a dynamic which tential for further violence is ex- planting IEDs on the highway, has also been detected in other AOG- tent. while in Onkhey, a joint ground dominated areas that maintain a significant operation similarly killed five after Returning to the conflict, persis- Waziristani presence. tent insecurity along the Kabul- contact with an AOG unit led to a Jaghatu also saw one attack on the DAC dur- Ghazni highway and signs of protracted firefight. Furthermore, ing the reporting period, taking place in the growing AOG strength in the also in the Salar area, ANA shot early afternoon, as well as an attack on an southern districts of Jaghatu and and killed three AOG fighters as ANP CP in the Bungi area. Similarly, in Day Chak were the most noteworthy they were planting IEDs on the Mirdad armed opposition fighters attacked the security developments in the highway – further evidence of the district center in the middle of the night, while province. Firstly, fully half of all strength of AOG presence in this in Chak, a policeman was killed in an ambush AOG operations were concentrat- particular part of the district. The of a patrol in the Ali Khani area. In that dis- ed along the highway in the past final incident of relevance along trict moreover, three separate significant IMF fortnight, with a particular in- the highway was an instance of operations were staged in the past fortnight, crease on the stretch of the road ‘green-on-blue’ activity, when an which led to the killing of a total of eight AOG running through Nirkh. In both ANA soldier shot and injured five fighters, including a commander, and the arrest Nirkh and Saydabad, a number of IMF soldiers before escaping the of three more. The other IMF operations of the attacks on security forces, PSC base. Although the specific mo- note took place in Maydan Shahr, and saw the convoys and fuel tankers led to tive remains unclear, such inci- arrest of three suspected AOG members in casualties – demonstrating that dents have become a growing one operation, and the killing of a number of while overall opposition opera- trend across the country in the others during a search operation to capture an tions on the highway remain low- past two years. AOG commander late in the period.

ACRONYMS: Please see the final page for a list of ANSO-utilized acronyms. THE ANSO REPORT Page 5

NGO Incidents L OGAR Year to Date 3 LOGAR This Report Period 0 50 Logar was the second of the cen- 40 cates the progressively bigger tral region’s provinces to see tran- 30 sition ceremonies during the past gamble that each new tranche of 20 fortnight, with Puli Alam and transition represents for both the Khoshi districts marked for an IMF and the government. GOA 10 impending security handover dur- leadership in Puli Alam is aware 0 ing a ceremony in the provincial of this, at least in regards to their capital on the 12th. While Khoshi own area, with local officials in- is relatively uncontroversial as a cluding the governor stating pub- LOGAR AOG LOGAR Crime choice, given its low incident vol- licly their worries over their insuf- ficient preparedness for independ- the 15th a twin RCIED strike took place in the umes, the provincial capital is dif- main bazaar area, the second device striking ferent. With the southern districts ence from IMF support; particular concerns are insufficient numbers the ANSF responders in a tactic seen in the of Baraki Barak and Charkh under capital for the first time. the authority of the armed opposi- of ANP and the non-fulfillment tion, Puli Alam town as well as the of Kabul’s promises to start ALP Elsewhere, the district centers of Charkh and district’s stretch of the Kabul- programs in the province. Baraki Barak each saw AOG-authored insecu- Gardez road continue to face sig- In further manifestations of the rity, with Charkh coming under particular pres- nificant insecurity. difficulties facing the government sure; in one of the two attacks on its DAC, IMF air support killed five of the AOG attack- Indeed, just as the VIP delegation in taking command of security in the capital district, two policemen ers, injuring four others. Overall, AOG- was leaving the transition ceremo- authored kinetic incidents continued to rise ny for Kabul, a number of rockets were shot and killed by unknown gunmen while walking in the across Logar, and indeed increased significant- impacted in the vicinity of the ly over the average fortnightly level of June. nearby ANP HQ; although no town’s main bazaar on the even- ing of the 2nd, while a timed IED Should AOG attack rates maintain at their cur- one was injured, this was the first rent level of over one per day, July will record case in the central or eastern re- also detonated in the bazaar two days before, injuring three civil- more than 25% growth on the previous gions of effective AOG statement month. operations at the time and place ians in what appears to have been of a transition ceremony, and indi- a mistimed operation. Finally, on

NGO Incidents DAYKUNDI D AYKUNDI Year to Date 1 50 This Report Period 1 The only NGO incident in the 40 central region over the past fort- pute, and as such, does not repre- 30 night took place in Daykundi’s sent any change in wider local 20 acceptance of NGOs in the area. Khadir district, when two local 10 medical staff arrived to the Dara Another incident also took place 0 Khudi area in the late afternoon in Khadir, and likewise took the of the 4th to conduct vaccination form of armed criminality; in the work; shortly afterwards, they Karas area on the main Khadir- DAYKUNDI AOG DAYKUNDI Crime were approached by two armed Ishtarlay road, a group of eight men who proceeded to severely armed men opened fire on two from the area. The only other incident in the beat one of the staff members, trucks carrying civilians in their province was a robbery very similar in form, leaving him with serious albeit rears, in order to stop the vehicles taking place in Kiti on the main road to Nili; non-life threatening injuries. It is and rob their occupants. This four armed men stopped and robbed a local believed that the motive behind they did, in the process injuring mini-bus carrying travellers to the provincial the beating was a personal dis- the drivers, before withdrawing capital, before letting them go on their way. THE ANSO REPORT Page 6

N ORTHERN REGION

NGO Incidents S AMANGAN Year to Date 1 SAMANGAN This Report Period 0 50 In the quietest province in the activities in Aybak. Rather it 40 region, Aybak was home to Sa- 30 mangan’s first BBIED attack ever marks a significant outlier and a against the wedding of a relative target of opportunity in a relative- 20 of Ahmad Khan “Samangani” - ly soft security environment, for 10 the parliament member and most which no actor has yet claimed 0 prominent powerbroker in the responsibility. As for the power province - which caused the high- vacuum left in the province after est total number of casualties for Ahmad Khan’s death, Samangan SAMANGAN AOG SAMANGAN Crime any one security incident in the does not have a recent history of stand-off between ANSF forces and the North this year (22 killed - includ- significant power struggles, and AOGs trapped inside the Dara-e Jamalak val- ing Ahmad Khan, the provincial the potential for heightened vio- ley, approximately 35 km from the Dara-i Sufi head of NDS, and the ANP re- lence in the wake of the attack is Payin DAC. gional commander for the West - therefore low. with over an additional 50 wound- Out of the 11 incidents the prov- Reports indicate that a number of AOG mem- ed). ince experienced, seven took place bers were captured during the operation, which may result in a temporary lull in AOG While the event is likely to attract in Dara-i Sufi Payin, with five of activity. However, this is unlikely to have a attention due to the high profile those directly involving a week- long-term impact and the district can be ex- of those killed and the severity of long GOA/IMF operation that pected to return to its previous rates of insecu- the casualty count, it remains un- engaged AOGs in the area. After rity, which - while low - accounted for 23% of likely that the attack projects any the initial three days of fighting, reported incidents in Samangan during the first change to the low level of AOG the operation developed into a six months of 2012.

NGO Incidents B ADAKHSHAN Year to Date 4 BADAKHSHAN 50 This Report Period 1 The tossing of a grenade into an 40

INGO guesthouse in Darwazi dents experienced in May and 30 Bala District injured three NGO June. The proportion of AOG- 20 staff and became the first security initiated incidents rose to 70%, incident of any type to be record- compared to 21% the previous 10 ed in this district since 2009. month. While it is too early to 0 While the incident marked a identify this increase as a trend; it strong outlier and was not accom- is nevertheless notable in a prov- BADAKHSHAN AOG BADAKHSHAN Crime panied by reports of AOG move- ince where AOG-initiated inci- ment or ACG activity, it is under- dents have averaged only 33% place in late June, these incidents indicate a stood that such low level attacks over the first half of 2012. potential shift in the relationship between the are generally used as a means to Warduj, by far the most insecure AOG and the local community: in total, only intimidate throughout the prov- district in the province this year, seven out of 31 recorded incidents in Warduj ince. The exact motives of the accounted for three incidents, all this year have consisted of AOG-driven intimi- attacker remain unclear and the involving the killing or abduction dation of local civilians. Community intimida- ANP investigation is ongoing. by AOGs of local elders and a tion tactics such as the above appear to be on Overall, Badakhshan recorded 10 civilian accused of cooperating the rise region wide, as evidenced by similar security incidents, putting it on with the GOA. Together with incidents in Balkh and Jawzjan this period. course to sustain the rate of inci- three similar incidents that took THE ANSO REPORT Page 7

NGO Incidents J AWZJAN Year to Date 1 JAWZJAN This Report Period 0 50 Although Jawzjan continues to 40 experience a low overall volume While the intimidation of commu- of security incidents, like the pre- nity leaders has made up a signifi- 30 vious cycle, the current period cant portion of that - and contin- 20 witnessed some notable outliers, ued to do so this period - the 10 most notable incidents have been including a BBIED detonation 0 that occurred near to the provin- three IED related incidents in cial governor’s office and ANP Shibirghan city, including the two HQ and an IED discovery in the mentioned above and an IED JAWZJAN AOG JAWZJAN Crime detonation on 14 June. vicinity of the municipality com- similar incidents that had occurred in June. Such IED emplacement has thus pound, both occurring inside of However, it remains unclear whether the far been stand alone activity in Shibirghan city itself. groups responsible are the same who have the city, whereas AOG activity After Darzab and Qush Tepa wit- been reported in these districts in the past, has picked up in other districts - nessed a spike in AOG activity in either the small local mixed AOG/ACGs or primarily around Mingajik - April, a slow regression of activity AOGs pushed into the area from the Western Shibirghan has seen no other has followed, with security report- districts of Balkh province (which have seen AOG activity or movements di- ing shifting away from these two less AOG activity over the last month). rectly inside the city. districts over the last month, The end of June and the beginning of July also This follows a trend seen through- which - although usually the cen- saw a number of cases of female students fall- out the northern districts of low ter of insecurity - have recorded ing ill, but similar to Sar-e Pul and Takhar, thus volumes of AOG activity, but only one incident since 12 June. far no independent organization has been able However, over the same period, occasional significant acts that to confirm that an actual poisoning took place. security reporting has increased draw attention, such as the killing somewhat in the northern districts of two village representatives in of the province. Mingajik this period following

NGO Incidents F ARYAB Year to Date 3 FARYAB This Report Period 0 50 Faryab experienced two AOG 40 incidents involving IOs this re- area with some regularity. In fact, 30 porting period, thus recording the both IO-related incidents this pe- first such incidents in 2012. riod took place in districts with a 20 strong and consistent pattern of 10 In the first, two IO vehicles were AOG-authored activity. 0 ambushed in Qaramqol district when returning from the project In the second, two unmarked IO contracted trucks were stopped in site. The ambush involved SAF FARYAB AOG FARYAB Crime from both sides of the road and, Qaysar district, two of the drivers although both vehicles managed abducted, and the trucks set on of his own staff members, and the district rec- to escape, an IO security staff was fire. Such incidents - while absent orded its first abduction of the year three days injured in the engagement. Both in Faryab this year - fall within the before the IO incident, when a local man was vehicles were clearly marked with existing trends in AOG strong abducted while digging a well (making two for the logo of the IO involved and areas throughout the country. the period after none prior in 2012). had been in the general area for a Overall, Faryab recorded 18 inci- While the exact reasons that AOG activity has while, suggesting that this was a dents during the reporting period, declined in the province are unclear - with planned attack. with insecurity primarily surfacing ANSF/IMF operations playing some role, and While the incident marked an out- in the usual districts, particularly the possibility of internal strife amongst AOG lier in terms of the target’s profile Qaysar. Outside of the attack on leadership in Pashtun Kot another - it appears (IO), attacks against other high the IO contracted trucks, a mem- that insecurity in the province may broaden profile targets (such as GOA and ber of the provincial council from some in targeting and tactics, even if lessening ANSF) have taken place in the Qaysar was targeted in an appar- in volume. ent assassination attempt by one THE ANSO REPORT Page 8

NGO Incidents S AR- E PUL Year to Date 2 SAR‐E PUL This Report Period 0 50

Sar-e Pul appears poised to expe- 40 rience a drop in AOG activity in discovery inside of Sar-e Pul city. 30 July after three months of moder- AOG activity was centered ate escalation, with only five secu- around Sozma Qala district, and 20 rity incidents recorded in the ini- included a brief daytime illegal 10 tial weeks of July, three of those checkpoint. Sozma Qala may wit- 0 authored by AOG. This marks a ness more activity in the near fu- slight departure from trending in ture with ANSF pressure on Sar-e 2011, when incident reporting Pul and the ongoing ALP project SAR‐E PUL AOG SAR‐E PUL Crime in Kohistanat. remained relatively steady from Jawzjan, it suffered from a number of female The decrease in security reporting May through July before dropping students falling ill at two schools in Sar-e Pul in Sar-e Pul appears primarily due sharply in August. and one in Gosfandi district. The incidents AOG activity declined most nota- to a heightened ANSF presence strongly resemble those which occurred at two on and around the Sar-e Pul- bly in Sar-e Pul district. Whereas Jawzjan schools during this same period, as Shibirghan road and the noted 10 of the 11 incidents recorded in well as those in Takhar that took place earlier joint operation, which some local June were AOG authored, this in the year. Although no source has yet been cycle the district recorded only sources have suggested is leading determined, like in Takhar, it has put pressure to a temporary change in local two security incidents, both initi- on the GOA to make arrests, but the extent of security dynamics. ated by security forces, including a the involvement of those arrested remains un- joint operation that resulted in While the province took a respite clear. eight AOGs killed and an IED from kinetic reporting, along with

NGO Incidents B ALKH Year to Date 2 BALKH 50 This Report Period 0 Reporting declined notably over 40 authored by AOG - and this gen- the first two weeks of July in com- 30 parison to June, with only nine eral downward trend in combina- security incidents reported. Alt- tion with the approaching Rama- 20 hough five of these were initiated dan make it seem unlikely that a 10 new spike of activity will occur in by AOG, Chimtal and Chahar 0 Bolak - usually the focal point for late July. AOG activity - together combined However, AOG activity, which for only four security incidents. made up 33 of the 75 incidents BALKH AOG BALKH Crime To put that number in context, over the prior two months, was the same mosque on 5 June. The targeting of these two had combined for 36 not absent, with the most notable community leaders - allegedly for their rela- security incidents over the past incident being the abduction and tionship with the GOA or lack of support for two months. killing of the head of a local shura outside of a mosque in Arab AOG leadership - fits with recent regional pat- In fact, the monthly volume of terns targeting community leaders in an effort security incidents in the province Mazari of Chimtal district. Alt- hough the targeting of civilians to tax and intimidate local communities. Simi- has receded since a spike in May lar incidents were reported this period amongst which witnessed 41 security inci- has not been common in Chimtal, this marks the second attack on the Northern districts of neighboring Jawzjan, dents (total, not AOG authored). an area that AOG have likely moved to as they This gave way to 34 in June - this community this year, with the first being an IED strike against have become more scarce in Chimtal and Cha- with a higher percentage of those har Bolak. THE ANSO REPORT Page 9

NGO Incidents B AGHLAN Year to Date 2 BAGHLAN This Report Period 0 50 Baghlan experienced a significant 40 decrease in kinetic activity this with an IED. The lull in the 30 reporting period with only 13 se- AOG-driven activity in Baghlani curity incidents recorded, of Jadid occurs in conjunction with 20 which only four were AOG- an IMF/ANSF operation in the 10 district along with two others; initiated. This comes after an ex- 0 ceptional spike in June that saw 24 Dushi and Tala wa Barfak. AOG authored attacks out of the While this appears to have provid- total 46 incidents recorded. ed temporary respite from the BAGHLAN AOG BAGHLAN Crime spike in June, a sudden decrease The most significant drop took month. AOG groups tend to leave areas under in AOG activity is not unusual for place in Baghlani Jadid district, pressure before returning after the operation is the province, nor does it necessi- which thus far experienced only over. With the high volume of AOG activities one AOG initiated attack in July, tate a sustained shift. For instance, recently noted, it is likely the same pattern will in May 2011 the number of inci- when the vehicle of a high- emerge, albeit potentially offset by Ramadan dents dipped by 42% before in- ranking GOA official was targeted and predicted seasonal declines. creasing again the following

NGO Incidents K UNDUZ Year to Date 1 KUNDUZ 50 This Report Period 0 Like much of the Northern re- 40 districts that are traditional gion, Kunduz experienced a peri- 30 od of relative quiet in comparison sources of insecurity, denoting no 20 to the levels of activity recorded change in geographical distribu- in June. Only 14 incidents were tion (ie: Kunduz, Chahar Dara), 10 recorded in the first half of July, tactics (primarily IEDs) or target- 0 unusually close to the number of ing patterns (ANSF/IMF/GOA), incidents recorded in Takhar for although the source of the short the same period. term decrease remains unclear. KUNDUZ AOG KUNDUZ Crime However, similarities between the Two issues of note to the NGO community were an IED detona- opment), the transition ceremony for the prov- two ended there, with 79% of the ince on 11 July, marking the first transition in incidents in Kunduz AOG- tion against an ANP vehicle at 0840 hrs on the Kunduz-Takhar the North of a province that has traditionally initiated attacks against hard mili- seen high levels of AOG activity, even if sig- tary and government targets in the road - just outside of NGO travel times - and (in a less kinetic devel- nificantly below those of 2011.

NGO Incidents T AKHAR Year to Date 0 TAKHAR This Report Period 0 50 11 security incidents were record- 40 although quiet this year - is known ed in Takhar this reporting period, 30 of which three were AOG- to host AOGs strongly connected 20 initiated. Most significant was the to those in Archi (Kunduz). detonation of an IED against the The use of Takhar as a transit 10 district governor of Khwaja route and/or logistics base was 0 Ghar’s vehicle, one of three inci- also visible in Taloqan this period, dents to occur in that district. Alt- where two AOG members were hough the DG escaped uninjured, arrested in possession of suicide TAKHAR AOG TAKHAR Crime it marked the second IED detona- vests. This comes after a similar not expected to pick up significantly, it appears tion there this year. AOGs are two incidents were reported in likely that AOGs from Baghlan and Kunduz often known to move through June (in Ishkamish and Taloqan will continue to transit through the province. Takhar, and Khwaja Ghar - city). Although AOG activity is THE ANSO REPORT Page 10

W ESTERN REGION

NGO Incidents H ERAT Year to Date 5 HERAT 50 This Report Period 0 Herat experienced two incidents 40 from 24 the previous cycle to 17 involving IO contracted elements 30 this reporting cycle, bringing the this cycle, the province remains total for the year to nine, as com- on pace to reach June’s overall 20 pared to only six over the same total (35), which was the highest 10 yet this year. time period (January to mid July) 0 in 2012. These manifested in AOGs appear to be actively em- Shindand, where an ACG abduct- bracing campaigns of intimidation HERAT AOG HERAT Crime ed two employees of an IO con- while dealing with internal leader- tracted private road construction ship issues. In Herat City, two AOG commander with a strong presence company, and in Gulran, where targeted killings were recorded; throughout Pashtun Zarghun joined the APRP AOG intercepted and detained one against an NDS officer, and along with 21 of his followers. Furthermore, a two commercial trucks carrying the other targeting an ANP po- clash occurred between an emerging local IO food items to the Gulran liceman en route to his home. AOG in Obe and an entrenched AOG operat- DAC. Further to this, ANP located a ing directly under the District Shadow Gover- In Shindand, the abductees were VBIED and subsequently arrested nor (DSG) which resulted in the death of six released unharmed three days later its driver in PD8. Despite these, AOG members. With this latter conflict ongo- after negotiations by local elders, security in the city remained ing, and the weakening AOG presence in the while in Gulran the trucks were strongly dictated by ANSF opera- eastern part of Pashtun Zarghun, the local dy- temporarily relocated until the tions or activities, which account- namic across these two districts could poten- ANP conducted a rescue opera- ed for 70% of all recorded securi- tially shift one of these AOGs towards Pash- tion and engaged the group. The ty incidents this cycle. tun Zarghun to fill this new power void. Add- operation resulted in the retrieval In the southern districts AOG ing yet more layers, the Gulran District Shad- of one truck and a driver, but the increased their efforts to conduct ow Chief of Police joined the APRP with 15 of other was kept in captivity for a a campaign of intimidation. This his followers and the DSG of Injil was arrested few more hours before being re- included the targeting of public by NDS. While the long term implications of leased (after the AOG first looted GOA figures, such as in Adras- these conflicts, defections, and arrests remain and set fire to the truck). kan, where AOG abducted the to be seen, the absence or weakening of AOG Of the nine IO related incidents head of Saghar district agriculture leadership in the areas is likely to create short recorded this year, five of them department while he was en route term disruptions to AOG activity in Pashtun have been authored by AOG, as to Ghor in a public transport ve- Zarghun, Obe, Gulran, and Injil. opposed to only one of those six hicle (his whereabouts remain Lastly, IMF/ANA operations caused damages from 2011. This stands in con- unknown at the time of writing), to the leadership of an exogenous AOG from trast to the fact that AOG inci- as well as in Shindand, where Badghis which has been using the northeastern dent volumes have decreased in AOG gunned down the district part of Karukh to transit between Obe and the province by 17% this year. mayor/ex-district governor en Kushki Kuna by killing a brother of the com- Although the sample size remains route home. AOG also shot and mander. The event took place just days after small, it raises the possibility that killed an ALP member and an the AOG attacked an IMF/ANA convoy with AOGs are more actively targeting ANP policeman - both in transit - SAF and RPGs. The group does not appear to supply trucks and/or IO contract- in two separate occasions. be considerably diminished though, and re- ed elements than they previously Other AOG related activities with mained active, as evidenced by a roadside IED had. the potential to shift local dynam- detonation against an IMF military supply con- Although the overall volume of ics came to the fore in the eastern voy that killed three PSC guards towards the AOG authored incidents dropped districts, where a prominent local end of the cycle. THE ANSO REPORT Page 11

NGO Incidents G HOR Year to Date 8 GHOR This Report Period 0 50 Despite the fact that Ghor record- 40 Conflict between these three ed the exact same volume of 30 AOG authored security incidents groups surfaced when an armed (six) this period as that of the pre- clash occurred between the AOG 20 vious cycle, power struggles be- and the Murghab Valley com- 10 tween three separate groups in the mander. The AOG’s efforts to 0 northern districts came to the fore raise their profile and free a re- over the last two weeks, resulting cently imprisoned group member in tensions and conflict that had drawn negative attention GHOR AOG GHOR Crime caused a notable shift to local dy- from a number of actors, and all it is likely that the engagement temporarily re- namics and the short term security three groups had met - hosted by located the local AOG out of Murghab Valley paradigm in the effected districts. the commander from Murghab - to try to settle the dispute be- into Charsada, where they may be taking ref- The first group is a local AOG tween the AOG and the tribes- uge with the high level IEA leadership en- with growing ties to IEA leader- men of the killed judge, who were trenched there. However, as ANSF operations ship that has recently attempted to seeking retaliation. However, the thrust further north into Charsada, the poten- raise its profile via attacks on high meeting went wrong and instead tial for armed clashes between the AOG and profile targets. These have includ- further antagonized the situation, other actors (ANSF, the judge’s tribesmen, ed the killing of an INGO staff eventually resulting in an armed and/or the armed forces of the prominent member in May and more recent- clash initiated by the AOG. commander) will be considerably increased. ly, the abduction and killing of a Targeting another AOG that had recently be- judge of the provincial court. This conflict has now spilled over and affected the security situation come more active, further large scale ANSF The second group is the tribes- in Charsada, and has the potential operations took place in Dawlat Yar, where the man of the slain provincial judge, to do so in Chaghcharan City, security situation had rapidly deteriorated who are now at odds with the where NGOs maintain a strong throughout the last month. This operation above AOG over the killing. presence. targeted a particular local AOG that had re- The third group is that under the cently become more aggressive, conducting Adding to the volatile mix, five leadership of a prominent local three IED strikes over the last four weeks, one days after the first clash occurred, commander from Murghab Val- of which directly targeted an INGO vehicle. a sizable allotment of ANSF de- ley, located in the northeastern While the operation resulted in the death of ployed into Charsada for clearing edge of Chaghcharan. The com- two AOG members and injuries to three oth- operations which resulted in the mander is an important but rela- ers (as well as two ANP policemen), the major- death of one AOG member and tively neutral actor who is consid- ity of AOG members - including their com- injuries to two ANP police- ered a key figure in stabilizing the mander - appear to have relocated into the men. Fighting alongside the northern districts, as he controls mountainous areas in the north of the district ANSF soldiers were dozens of the the largest armed group in the where they can hide and the rough terrain hin- judge’s tribesmen acting as militia area and maintains relations with ders the ability of ANSF to operate. This is members. the GOA, high level IEA leader- likely to create a short term lull in activities, ship, local AOGs, and the NGO Thus far the commander from but without any known “hold” phase forth- community. Murghab valley has not made any coming, not necessarily a sustained change. visible moves after the clash, and

NOTICE: Your input is invaluable for the production of this report. While we appreciate information on incidents, we also need general information on the security situation and context in your area. So please remember to call or email us regularly. Contact details of ANSO staff are provided on the last page.

ANSO: “..by NGOs for NGOs..” THE ANSO REPORT Page 12

NGO Incidents B ADGHIS Year to Date 2 BADGHIS This Report Period 0 50 Following negotiations by local 40 elders, the ex-IO employee – who over the APRP/ALP/PGM has 30 had been abducted by AOG along intensified. 20 with a GOA employee at Sabzak Indeed, Badghis experienced 24 on 24 June – was released, while AOG authored incidents targeting 10 the GOA abductee was killed. ALP this year, a significant jump 0 The shared background of the from the mere three recorded freed individual – from the same over the first half of 2011. This is tribe as that of the AOG com- even more notable when one BADGHIS AOG BADGHIS Crime takes into account the fact that mander – strongly facilitated the ology, located in areas bordering Murgab, overall AOG incident volumes negotiations, despite the fact that Ghormach, and Qadis (particularly Nakhcher- have dropped by 25%, suggesting exogenous elements directly in- ystan) that are the ones taking the firmest volved took a firm stance against that AOG operational focus has stance against the ALP program. This target- shifted significantly towards the the release, which created issues ing may be largely due to antagonism against targeting of ALP. Amongst all of between the local AOG com- those AOG members who left them to join these 24, 14 occurred in Murghab, mander and the exogenous AOG. the ALP. The targeting appears effective, as The entire incident shed light on five in Qadis, and three in Ghor- indicated by the fact that 87 ALP members mach. The groups targeting the the rising influence of exogenous deserted in Murghab this reporting cycle alone. ALP may continue unhindered elements in the area, and the in- Moreover, the ALP/PGM/CIP presence is since IMF/ANSF have primarily herent potential to affect local expected to expand as groups are established dynamics – including AOG poli- focused on targeting moderate to hold ground during the construction of the local AOGs along the Ring Road cies and targeting – particularly in Herat - Maymana section of the Ring Road, in these three districts, rather than areas where political struggles be- further complicating the political dynamics AOGs more heavily influenced by tween the ANSF/IMF and AOGs and increasing the potential for conflict. exogenous elements and their ide-

NGO Incidents FARAH F ARAH Year to Date 0 100 This Report Period 0 A one-month lull came to an end 80 in Farah city when AOG launched province are gaining in both capa- 60 bility and willingness to launch a complex attack on the provincial 40 governor’s compound. The attack such attacks, as following this lat- was initiated with an RCIED, and est, 18 AOG suspects were arrest- 20 followed by the launching of three ed, and just a week later, ANP 0 rockets, two of which impacted located a VBIED in the city. inside the compound, while the The use of IEDs has become third landed in the vicinity of the more prevalent of late, with 12 FARAH AOG FARAH Crime bazaar, resulting in the death of effective detonations recorded ANSF - as well as in Gulistan, which recorded one local civilian and injuries to this reporting cycle as compared four against recently launched ANSF opera- 26 others (as well as two ANP to nine the previous one, despite tions in/around the district center area to es- policemen). While no suicide op- the fact that the overall volume of tablish ALPs. AOGs appear to have estab- eratives were involved, complex AOG authored incidents declined lished multiple positions with separate units attacks of any type have been ex- slightly from 23 to 19. While in surrounding the ANSF/IMF, there after dis- tremely rare in the province, with Bakwa AOG targeted IMF mili- rupting their movements with roadside IEDs only two other cases recorded tary logistic supplies along the rather than engaging them in close range con- over the past six years (one in Herat-Kandahar highway with ventional attacks. The conflict is expected to Farah city just two months earlier three IED detonations, the in- intensify should ANSF/IMF expand their and the other in Gulistan in 2010). crease was primarily attributed to operations beyond the district center area, or While these are likely to remain IED attacks in Pusht Rod - where when ANSF/IMF withdraws, at which point rare, it appears that AOG in the five detonations occurred against AOG are likely to assault infant ALPs. THE ANSO REPORT Page 13

E ASTERN REGION

NGO Incidents N ANGARHAR Year to Date 15 NANGARHAR This Report Period 0 100 Whilst there were no NGO inci- 80 ments through the district will dents this reporting period, a na- 60 tional staff member of an IO continue to be primarily manifest- 40 agency involved in the demining ed in proximity to attacks against sector received a night letter at his ANSF targets. IMF activity in the 20 home in Jalalabad’s Zone 4, in- district amounted to two search 0 structing him to resign or face operations in the increasingly severe consequences. Aside from AOG-dominated village of this, Jalalabad remained broadly Chardeh, in which two suspected NANGARHAR AOG NANGARHAR Crime quiet apart from the usual ac- AOG members were detained; but such a level of operations is shot and killed two off-duty ANA soldiers, counts of petty criminality as well while in neighbouring Sherzad district, the as a number of private disputes unlikely to have a major impact on AOG strength in the area. growing provincial trend of AOG targeting of which led to violence. As a con- GOA officials saw its latest casualty in the fatal sequence of the several cases rec- Similarly in Khogyani, the armed shooting of the director of the youth depart- orded this reporting period, eight opposition maintained significant ment and his driver in the Hashemkhel area. civilians were injured by gunfire. pressure on ANSF units across the district, although exhibiting a In the south eastern Shinwari districts, IEDs Outside of the provincial capital, were the primary tactic utilized during the peri- Bati Kot, Khogyani and Shinwar strong preference for direct at- tacks. In all, the total number of od, although in Dur Baba AOG members con- districts remained epicentres for ducted two direct attacks against the ANA HQ AOG activity in the province. In attacks was eight, which repre- sented the highest number for any and one against an ANA CP. Of these IED Bati Kot, AOG members con- attacks however, only four detonated, whereas ducted three operations targeting district during the period. These incidents were primarily focused nine were discovered by IMF EOD teams. ANP patrols and checkpoints The geographical distribution of these IEDs with heavy weapons and SAF, all upon the Memla area, with attacks against several ANP checkpoints, points to AOG focus on generating insecurity along the district’s stretch of the along main district roads leading to DACs, Torkham-Jalalabad highway. A and in Kaga (the DAC area), where the armed opposition tar- where the highest concentration of ANSF pa- similar attack was launched trols can be found. In addition to discovering against the DAC, which has at- geted the DAC and the district’s main ANBP base. The attacks in a number of IEDs during the period, the secu- tracted a growing number of rity forces also carried out two search opera- AOG attacks this year, consistent Kaga are a clear demonstration of AOG confidence in the district, tions in which five suspected AOG members with a general pattern of rising were detained and a quantity of arms was AOG power in the district. Op- although the fact that they oc- curred at night also points to a seized. Overall AOG attacks decreased when position cadres are likely to con- compared to the previous reporting period and tinue to press ANSF targets along relative balance of power with the ANSF in the district center area at can be expected to decrease further in the the highway, and as such the risks coming months with the onset of Ramadan. to NGOs engaged in road move- the moment. In Khawaran, AOG THE ANSO REPORT Page 14

NGO Incidents UNAR Year to Date 1 KUNAR K 160 This Report Period 0 140 Although overall AOG incident 120 has doubled in comparison to the 100 levels remained broadly consistent 80 with the previous period, the past same period in 2011. 60 fortnight saw noteworthy devel- Asadabad was also home to a 40 20 opments in Asadabad, Wata Pur demonstration consisting of sev- 0 and Nari. In Asadabad, the total eral hundred people outside of the number of AOG incidents more Hajj Affairs department over per- than doubled, with all nine con- ceived irregularities in the alloca- sisting of direct attacks against tion of Hajj quotas, which, whilst KUNAR AOG KUNAR Crime peaceful, blocked the main access ANP targets, including two occa- killed. Despite this, the armed opposition re- route in and out of Asadabad City. sions when AOG fighters at- mains firmly in political control of the district, The incident was the latest in a tacked the ANP QRF base in the in a clear demonstration of the limited utility Nawabad area on the outskirts of series of demonstrations over the of IMF airstrikes as a means of altering the issue and demonstrates the impact the city with heavy weapons and balance of forces on the ground. SAF. This can be understood as that even non-violent protests can growing acceptance on the part of have upon NGO movements. Finally, in two significant incidents, the armed opposition forcibly evicted several government the recently changed AOG leader- In Wata Pur, six AOG fighters employees from the districts of Nari and Gha- ship to select targets in and were killed by an IMF airstrike. ziabad. Such efforts can be interpreted as part around Asadabad city, which had The district harbours the highest previously been something of a of a strategy to reduce government presence, concentration of local and foreign likely intended to take full territorial control of demilitarized economic zone. In- AOG commanders in Kunar, and these districts, which have assumed particular deed, targeting of GOA and this most recent strike came mere ANSF targets in and around the importance as infiltration routes from across days after one in which a senior the Pakistan border. provincial capital in the year so far foreign AOG commander was

NGO Incidents N URISTAN Year to Date 0 NURISTAN 50 This Report Period 0 In Kamdesh, the armed opposi- 40 tion attacked the district’s ANP the opposition is willing and able 30 HQ for the second time in less to maintain such pressure shortly 20 than a week – coming just six days after a major massed assault, and 10 that the district’s government after at least 100 AOG fighters 0 launched a massed assault against forces can expect that there will ALP and ANA forces in the area - be further attacks of this kind, which led to a number of deaths especially when IMF re-withdraws NURISTAN AOG NURISTAN Crime on both sides. The incident fol- in October. lowed the resumption of IMF In Bargi Matal meanwhile, AOG against ANSF in the district are therefore likely operations in the district in early attacked a number of ANBP during the remainder of the summer, as the June, after an absence of almost checkpoints in the DAC area. armed opposition attempts to place them un- three years since October 2009, Nuristan experiences especially der increasing pressure. That AOG fighters are when AOG pressure forced them harsh winters and thus, although able to maintain a considerable presence in the to withdraw as they had done being only the second attack of its vicinity of the DAC is also significant, since it from Waygal and Bargi Matal be- kind this year, the onset of insecu- demonstrates their de facto control over the fore that. Whilst this second at- rity has been relatively late in the wider district, despite the token presence of tack was clearly not on a compara- summer. Indeed, by the end of the government in the DAC. In 2011, AOG ble scale to the first, it is signifi- 2011 there had been 15 AOG strength was such that, had it not been for the cant in so far that it likely demon- incidents in Bargi Matal, six of intervention of IMF in September of that year, strates AOG intent to communi- which targeted security forces in they would likely have overrun ANSF in the cate to GOA and ANSF both that the DAC area. Further attacks DAC and seized control. THE ANSO REPORT Page 15

NGO Incidents LAGHMAN Year to Date 2 LAGHMAN 50 This Report Period 0 The most notable incident this 40 reporting period was the targeted ANSF and NDS had been able to 30 maintain relatively good security killing of the head of Mehtarlam’s 20 Department of Women’s Affairs within the city, AOG momentum in Mehtarlam city by an IED that in the wake of IMF withdrawal 10 had been planted beneath her car, has clearly been difficult for them 0 and which was detonated as she to contain. returned to it from a nearby ba- This growing operational intensity zaar. The incident marked the across the province was also LAGHMAN AOG LAGHMAN Crime demonstrated in other districts by latest in a series of attacks against forces in containing such attacks. government and ANSF targets, several significant incidents during which began in earnest in May this period. In Bad Pakh, AOG Meanwhile in Dawlat Shah, AOG fighters at- when AOG fighters conducted fighters attacked a number of tacked the DAC with heavy weapons, killing attacks against the PRT base in community security guard posts two civilians when a rocket impacted upon a Mehtarlam and ANSF bases that were protecting pylons trans- private residence. Finally, in Alishing a former across the province to mark the porting electricity from Surobi to ANA soldier was shot dead by members of the onset of the summer fighting sea- Jalalabad. Whilst all five attackers armed opposition. son. It was also indicative of the were killed in this instance, it However, despite the growing strength of the ability of the armed opposition to demonstrates a renewed drive to armed opposition in Laghman, the security penetrate deeper into Mehtarlam, target critical infrastructure in the forces were not solely preoccupied with con- following IMF withdrawal from border district, which had previ- taining the threat, and conducted a number of the western districts of Dawlat ously been a major issue, and also proactive operations. The most significant of Shah, Alishing and Bad Pakh in indicates the challenge likely to be these occurred when ANSF conducted a clear- early June. Whereas previously faced by the national security ing operation in the Qalay-e Sheikhan area of Mehtarlam, killing one AOG commander.

NGO Incidents PAKTYA P AKTYA Year to Date 1 50 This Report Period 0 Whilst AOG incident levels in 40 Paktya fell un-expectantly this ued to contest neighbouring Sayid 30 period, those that did occur were Karam, with two attacks against 20 consistent with the established the DAC within the space of five 10 days; the second of which ended strategic priorities of opposition 0 cadres in the province. This was with the killing of two ANP offic- most evident in Gardez, where ers and four AOG fighters.

the armed opposition remains IMF activity during the period PAKTYA AOG PAKTYA Crime intent upon harrying the security was heavily concentrated in Jaji, forces in and around the provin- most notably in the form an air- Muqbel Valley. In the incident, an opposition cial capital ahead of its upcoming strike in the Safari area which cadre attacked six off-duty ALP policemen transition. In Tanden area, AOG killed five AOG fighters. Jaji is a who were returning to their homes from their attacked an ANA patrol with key infiltration route for armed checkpoint in the Nari Kotal area, killing one heavy weapons and SAF, killing opposition groups from across the and injuring another. After local villagers and one ANA soldier. Similarly, an Pakistan border and IMF has pre- ANBP responded to the attack, the AOG unit IED was detonated against an viously detained several AOG fled the area toward the Afghanistan-Pakistan ANP-ANA team whilst they were commanders in the district. border, abducting a local elder and his brother manning a temporary checkpoint Insecurity as a result of cross- whilst en route. The ANBP and the villagers in the area of the Ariana gas sta- border AOG infiltration also gave pursuit across the border, killing one tion, killing one ANP officer and manifested in an armed clash be- AOG fighter and injuring another, but were one ANA soldier. tween AOG fighters and local eventually turned back by Pakistani military Meanwhile, AOG fighters contin- villagers in Dand wa Patan, in the forces. THE ANSO REPORT Page 16

NGO Incidents K HOST Year to Date 0 KHOST This Report Period 0 100 Khost was unusually quiet this 80 period, with a 38 per cent de- area, a tribal elder was killed for his suspected support of the gov- 60 crease in AOG incidents com- 40 pared to the previous period. This ernment. 20 trend was not evident in 2011, Consistent with its status as the when the incident levels in the most kinetic district in Khost, 0 first half of July were greater than Sabari was home to the highest the latter half of June. This devel- number of AOG incidents, six in KHOST AOG KHOST Crime opment - should it sustain - would total. This included two incidents of indirect fire against the DAC, be understood as AOG engage- joint search operations being undertaken with and two direct attacks. In the first, ment in an economy of force ef- the ANSF, as a result of which 14 AOG mem- AOG attacked an IMF-ANP pa- fort, with resources focused to- bers were arrested. wards achieving high impact at- trol with heavy weapons and SAF, tacks – such as the complex attack withdrawing after a brief firefight, As in the wider province, the provincial capital against the Salerno IMF base in while in the second, AOG fighters experienced a lull, with no AOG incidents be- the first half of June – rather than shot and killed an ANA soldier at ing reported, compared to five in the previous a high volume. Despite this, there his home. Atypically, there were period, including a BBIED attack outside of were some incidents worthy of no IMF operations conducted in the Speen Jumat mosque which killed three note. Sabari this period, whereas there IMF soldiers, five from the ANP and 17 civil- were three in the previous month ians. Criminality remained existent however: In AOG dominated Musa Khel, one man was shot and killed by unknown gun- the armed opposition maintained and a total of 39 in the year thus far. men, and another was injured when armed significant pressure against the robbers dressed in ANP uniforms forced their DAC, with three indirect fire at- IMF efforts were instead focused way into his home. tacks. Also in the district center upon Tere Zayi district, with four

ANSO STAFF AND VACANCY ANNOUNCEMENT:

We would like to take this opportunity to welcome the new ANSO RSA North, Ms. Tereza Beniakova. Contact details are provided on the last page of this report. * We are presently recruiting for ANSO RSA South position based in Kandahar and ANSO RSA Mobile. If you have a solid working experience from a conflict environment, a NGO mindset combined with an analytical background, and a desire to be challenged, all the while being a member of a close knit team, you are encouraged to forward a cover letter, CV, and 2 substantive writing samples to [email protected]. Please refer to the appropriate vacancy in the subject line of your email. THE ANSO REPORT Page 17

S OUTHERN REGION

NGO Incidents KANDAHAR K ANDAHAR Year to Date 1 140 This Report Period 0 120 Kandahar witnessed another 100 eventful reporting period, record- other two BBIEDs that detonated 80 during the clash), eight ANP and 60 ing the highest rate of AOG activ- 40 ity in the region. In addition to a two civilians (school guards) were 20 significant level of IED incidents killed, while 30 ANSF, two IMF 0 and AOG direct attacks, the secu- soldiers and eight civilians sus- rity environment in the province tained injuries. was shaped by a series of high- The trend in the South of AOG KANDAHAR AOG KANDAHAR Crime profile attacks deployed against using multiple suicide vectors was various targets but focused on further highlighted this period, as involvement for the local population from the Kandahar city. On 2 July, an shortly prior to the aforemen- use of a secondary device destined to target the SVBIED (Toyota Corolla) deto- tioned complex attack another first responders. In Shin Nari area, a roadside nated in District 9 against a bus AOG unit, including at least one IED detonated on a local Mazda truck. Subse- full of daily workers which was BBIED attacker and two opera- quently another device hit a tractor that came travelling between an IMF SOF tives, was driving a Zaranj tri- to assist with evacuating victims of the initial base and the city, killing 11 occu- cycle when their explosive charge detonation. Both detonations caused 16 civil- pants and injuring an additional detonated in District 4. The deto- ian fatalities and injured nine others, (of note 23 civilians. nation, assessed as premature as it another ‘daisy chain’ IED occurred in Ghorak The use of a suicide vector against occurred with no apparent target and targeted an ANP detail). The civilian casu- ‘soft targets’ represent an outlier in the vicinity, claimed the lives of alty toll increased further when an additional thus far this year, nonetheless two children and caused injuries seven victims were killed during two separate attacks aimed at exploring vulner- to an additional six civilians. IED incidents in Wam Dara area of Arghistan abilities of IMF/ANSF/GOA or AOG reliance on the deployment and Cenar village of Ghorak. In Kandahar associated during road missions of suicide vectors follows the pat- city, early July saw a re-emergence of the pat- do not denote a new trend. A tern of ‘economy of effort’ in tern of targeted killings that had decreased in week later, AOG conducted a urban centers country-wide frequency over the past two months. In the coordinated complex attack tar- (although in the South it occurs at last fortnight Districts 2, 4 and 5 witnessed geting the ANP HQ in District 1 a much higher frequency than in targeted killings on ANP officers, while a tribal of Kandahar city. The assault was other regions), and will most like- elder was killed while praying in a local mosque initiated with a BBIED detona- ly continue throughout the of District 9. tion against an ANP post outside ‘fighting season’. Besides Kanda- Lastly, ANSF/IMF operations were focused of the headquarters. Following a har city, AOG activity this period this reporting cycle on Kandahar city, Zhari, well established tactic, the remain- particularly affected Zhari, Pan- Maywand and Panjwayi. In addition to seizure ing AOG operatives occupied a jwayi, Maywand, Khakrez and of several weapons and ammunition caches, building adjacent to their intended Arghistan. IED deployment re- these operations resulted in a reported 11 target (in this case a high school) mained the main threat on the AOG members detained and an additional 10 using it as a vantage point, and provincial level, with at least 38 killed, including the Panjwayi district shadow from this position opened fire recorded incidents (both detona- governor. In contrast to this, two separate with RPGs, and heavy and small tions and discoveries) which were shootings that involved rouge ANA and ALP arms on the ANP HQ. The en- focused on Zhari, Arghandab, elements (in Zhari and Miya Nishin) are indica- suing firefight with security forces Khakrez and Arghistan. Note- tive of the challenges that face ANSF during lasted into the late afternoon and worthy of these was an incident this pre-transition period. resulted in a heavy casualty toll as recorded in the latter district high- 11 AOG fighters (including an- lighting the threat of collateral THE ANSO REPORT Page 18

NGO Incidents G HAZNI Year to Date 1 GHAZNI This Report Period 0 180 160 Ghazni experienced a large variety 140 of incidents this reporting period, although transiting on Highway 1, 120 with at least 63 security events, the bus was hit when it took a 100 80 which - prior to late reporting - detour to circumvent heavy traf- 60 nevertheless denoted a significant fic. Given the significant pres- 40 ence of common AOG targets 20 decrease as compared to the pre- 0 vious cycle. On the provincial transiting on the highway, the po- level IED emplacement appears tential for collateral involvement to be on the rise, with 18 incidents remains a tangible threat that can GHAZNI AOG GHAZNI Crime be somewhat - although not en- reported across the province. In Yet a significant trend that has continued into the last fortnight effective IED tirely - mitigated by the avoidance of proximity to such targets. Fur- the current period consisted of a series of strikes took place in Ghazni, clashes between local village militias and AOG Ghelan, Andar and Zana Khan. ther to this, insecurity along regu- larly traveled routes remains pri- members (IEA) in Andar. In the last fortnight Despite the fact that ANSF/IMF three armed clashes occurred in the villages of vehicles remain the priority targets marily manifested in the early morning or evening hours, as Shahin, Kansaf and Ibrahim Khel area. The of AOG IED cells, civilians once most significant incident took place in Shahin again bore the brunt of casualties. IEDs are emplaced over night, and this is when ANSF pres- village, where the firefight caused the deaths of This was mainly due to two sepa- seven local militiamen and two AOG mem- rate IED incidents recorded in ence/patrols are somewhat less- ened. bers. Resistance against the presence of AOG Ghazni and Andar. While three elements (particularly those exogenous to the civilians were killed in Andar, an Direct attacks continued to fea- area) appears to be increased in scale (and to ture prominently in the Ghazni IED detonation targeting a 303 affect a number of villages in Andar). The security landscape, and affected bus in Noghi area of Ghazni, AOG attempts to retake control of the area mainly Ghazni, Giro, Ajrastan, killed five civilians and injured 18 have thus far been unfruitful but are indicative

others. It should be noted that Qarabagh and Muqur districts. of further escalations to come.

NGO Incidents U RUZGAN Year to Date 0 URUZGAN This Report Period 0 70 In the last fortnight Uruzgan rec- 60 orded 53 security incidents, a sig- efficient manner, with the attacks 50 nificant volume, albeit one slightly resulting in at least two security 40 below that of the previous peri- force members being killed and an 30 od. Of these 53, AOG directly additional 19 injured. Much like 20 in the other southern provinces, 10 authored 34 of them (64%), par- 0 ticularly affecting Tirin Kot, Dih- the use of victim-operated devices rawud, Gizab, Char Chino and affected the civilian population, URUZGAN AOG URUZGAN Crime Chora districts. with the most noteworthy inci- dents of such taking place in Cho- As has often been the case, IED ra, where in two separate IED rences this period (the month of June saw 24) related incidents dominated the strikes - one recorded along the from Dihrawud (three), Char Chino, Khas security profile this reporting cy- main Chora-Tirin Kot road - 13 Uruzgan and Tirin Kot (each one). Although cle, accounting for 75 % of all civilians were killed and another slight in number, noteworthy amongst these recorded security events. In the two were wounded. Also in Cho- was an intense clash that occurred in Duraf- last two weeks, amongst the 40 ra, an IED detonated against the shan Village, following an ambush on an IMF recorded IED related incidents, vehicle of the former ANP chief foot patrol that claimed the lives of nine AOG 25 of them consisted of detona- of Chora district, slightly damag- members and one IMF soldier. tions, primarily occurring in Tirin ing the vehicle but causing no On the ANSF/IMF side documented opera- Kot, Chora, Gizab and Char Chi- injuries. tions were focused on Tirin Kot and Dih- no districts. AOG close-range attacks re- rawud but mainly limited to IED location and AOG IED cells continued to tar- mained limited to only six occur- disposals. get ANP and ALP vehicles in an THE ANSO REPORT Page 19

NGO Incidents H ELMAND Year to Date 0 HELMAND This Report Period 0 100 Incident levels from Helmand 80 in such incidents, as 66% of the demonstrated an upwards trend 60 when compared to the PRP, with cycle’s IED strikes involved civil- 69 security incidents recorded ian casualties. The most signifi- 40 during early July prior to late re- cant occurred in Nahri Sarraj 20 porting, putting it on pace to sur- when a motorcycle mounted 0 pass June. AOGs, which au- RCIED detonated near to an ALP thored 50 % of all incidents, were post, killing three civilians (in ad- most active in Nahri Sarraj, Musa dition to two ALP), and wound- HELMAND AOG HELMAND Crime ing another 11. In addition, five Qala, Marja, Nad Ali and Lashkar “green-on-blue” incident (ANSF on IMF Gah districts. It is worth noting separate IEDs claimed the lives of 11 civilians, including six children shooting) involving an ANCOP member who that after experiencing a spike in opened fire and killed three IMF soldiers, incidents during the March-April (in Washer, Musa Qala, Marja and Nahri Sarraj). wounding a fourth, while on duty at a joint period (due to the poppy eradica- check post. While such incidents have become Helmand also recorded at least 17 tion campaign), the aggregate se- more common this year (in particular in the clashes between ANSF/IMF and curity reporting from Helmand South, which witnessed 12 occurrences out of recorded thus far this year still AOG this cycle, concentrated in a total 16 country-wide), this represents the Musa Qala, Nahri Sarraj, Sangin remains far below the levels of first thus far involving a member of the “elite” and Garmser. In Musa Qala, a 2011. Yet, in line with long-term ANCOP force. Trust and cooperation be- simultaneous AOG attack on two patterns, IED continues to feature tween ANSF and their IMF mentors could be prominently in the security land- ANP posts resulted in a protract- further impacted by an additional incident this ed clash that caused the deaths of scape, with 18 detonations and an period, during which in Musa Qala, an IMF 22 AOG fighters and five ANSF additional 14 disposals. The peri- patrol mistakenly fired at two ANP whom they members. Nahri Sarraj district od also demonstrated the signifi- perceived to be AOG members, killing one cant risk of collateral involvement came to the fore, experiencing a and injuring another.

NGO Incidents P AKTIKA Year to Date 0 PAKTIKA 100 This Report Period 0 In Paktika the overall volume of 80 incidents remained consistent since May 2010, when an 60 with the previous cycle, with the SVBIED detonated during an 40 attack on an ANBP compound in tactical portfolio indicating that 20 the DAC area. The most recent close-range assaults were the main 0 vessel of AOG operations this incident is indicative of the AOG period. In addition, the province focus on populated areas when witnessed an attempted suicide conducting attacks involving sui- PAKTIKA AOG PAKTIKA Crime attack. Although unsuccessful, it cide vectors (as all this year at- marks the fifth incident involving tacks occurred in the main cen- ters). killed in Sar Hawza and a firefight between a suicide vector thus far this year. AOG and ANSF/IMF claimed the lives of On 5 July, in Urgun, a single As mentioned, AOG direct at- nine AOG fighters in Barmal. BBIED operative wearing an tacks dominated this period and affected mainly Omna, Sar Haw- Barmal, Yani Khel, Sar Hawza, Mata Khan and ANP uniform was spotted by an Urgun saw ANSF/IMF activity in the form of ANP detail while attempting to za, Gayan and Barmal. Although the majority of these attacks con- 10 operations, with two airstrikes that caused penetrate the Bazaar area and shot considerable casualties highlighting the im- dead before being able to deto- sisted of brief engagements target- ing ANP/ALP posts and DAC portance of air assets to IMF goals. In the nate his device. The use of sui- latter district, an air strike conducted on 3 July cide vectors in the province does areas (Omna and Gayan), showing once more AOG reluctance to resulted in 45 AOG fighters dead and an addi- not denote a new trend, yet this tional 12 injured, while nine AOG members marked the first such incident to sustain major casualties, four ALP members and one civilian were were killed during another air strike in the occur in this particular district Mangrati area of Barmal on the 1st July. THE ANSO REPORT Page 20

NGO Incidents Z ABUL Year to Date 0 ZABUL 50 This Report Period 0 During the first two weeks of July 40 prompted an ANA follow-up op- documented AOG authored activ- 30 eration during which two AOG ity in Zabul (16 recorded inci- 20 dents) dropped in comparison to members were killed. Further the PRP (with - further to this - clashes have been recorded in 10 June levels having dropped signifi- Qalat, Arghandab, Daychopan, 0 cantly from the spike recorded in Mizan and Shahjoy districts and May, see attached graph). claimed lives of five AOG fighters ANSF/IMF operations were also while on the ANSF side two ANA ZABUL AOG ZABUL Crime limited in number and focused on soldiers were killed in the area of the Daychopan DAC. selves. A premature detonation in Shamulzayi Tarna Wa Jaldak, Naw Bahar and killed two AOG fighters and wounded two IED emplacement, the most com- Qalat districts. others while in Tarna Wa Jaldak a pre-emptive In the last two weeks, IED em- monly deployed tactic in the prov- IMF air strike targeted an AOG as they were ince, was concentrated on Qalat placement and close range attacks emplacing a roadside IED, killing an additional and Shahjoy, as well as on the on ANP/ALP static and mobile two. Apart from IED disposals, ANSF/IMF bordering district of Shamulzayi targets made up the primary tac- search operations were conducted in Qalat, tics used by AOG across the and caused a number of casualties. Shahjoy and Tarnak Wajaldak, and an opera- The most noteworthy amongst province. An exception to these tion in Naw Bahar resulted in the discovery of these was an IED strike against an targeting patterns was the ambush a large cache of explosive materials. Lastly, ANA vehicle that took place in on an IMF logistical convoy, es- tensions rose between a Parliament member corted by a PSC, that occurred in the Bagh area of Arghandab, re- and local authorities over land issues. A sulting in five ANA soldiers killed. Shahjoy. The attack, which de- demonstration in Qalat city on the 14th ended IED-related incidents also contin- stroyed one tanker and caused peacefully but the issues had not been settled ue to cause harm to AOG them- injuries to two PSC guards, at the time of writing.

NGO Incidents N IMROZ Year to Date 0 NIMROZ This Report Period 0 50 Security reporting from Nimroz 40 current cycle (10 July), a roadside remained very low in relation to 30 IED detonated against an ANP other southern provinces, with 20 only two security events recorded, vehicle patrolling in the area of 10 one of which took place on the Ghar Ghari (Chakhansur district). last day of the PRP (30 June), The detonation caused three ANP 0 when an anti-personnel mine det- fatalities and injured another two. onated on an ANA foot patrol, This marked only the second inci- wounding one soldier in Khash dent recorded thus far this year in NIMROZ AOG NIMROZ Crime Rod district. the district, with the first occur- roz indicates that IED emplacement remains As previously noted, Khash Rod ring in March, when during an the favored AOG tactics throughout the prov- generally hosts the majority of operation ANP arrested four ince, followed by close-range attacks and IDF security incidents, given its im- AOG members and seized a assaults (although prior to the most recent in- portance for different actors in- quantity of drugs. Although very cident, IEDs were exclusively focused on volved in the conflict due to the rare in the district, (although inci- Khash Rod district). Despite IEDs making district’s geographical location and dents in remote areas may go un- up the majority of what little security incidents the presence of the main roads in reported), the use of IED none- occur, the high-profile attack that took place in the area. The second incident theless fits with the overall securi- Zaranj city in April, when a BBIED attacker however was noteworthy for the ty profile of the province. detonated his device close to an IMF detail, number of casualties involved as While still displaying a level of has remained an exceptional outlier and mani- well as the unusual location. incidents far below historical pat- fested insecurity continues to be the exception During the second week of the terns, the current data from Nim- in the district rather than the rule. Contact List Dr. Mukhtar Tomas Rory Vacant Naseer Brian Tereza COUNTRY CENTRAL Sayed Taro WEST SOUTH Ross EAST NORTH Firoz Camille Patrick ‐ od Device Islamic mili Explosive Police ACG Pro

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