Japanese Regional Chair for South East Asia and China To: Dublin Group No

COUNCIL OF Brussels, 21 January 2011 THE EUROPEAN UNION

5428/11

CORDROGUE 8 ASIE 3

NOTE from: Japanese Regional Chair for South East Asia and China to: Dublin Group No. prev. doc.: 13491/10 CORDROGUE 75 ASIE 52 Subject: Regional Report on South East Asia and China

1. OVERALL SUMMARY

Today’s belief is that the drug issue with the highest impact on the Southeast Asia and China region has experienced a transition from poppy cultivation to amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS).

However, on 13 December 2010, UNODC released the South-East Asia Opium Survey 2010, which illustrates that poppy cultivation is not an outdated issue in this region. For 2010 the potential value of opium production in South-East Asia rose dramatically to US$ 219 million - an increase of 82 % compared to US$ 119 million in 2009. The area designated for opium poppy cultivation is also increasing. Cultivation area took up 41,389 ha in 2010, a 22% increase compared to 33,811 ha in 2009. This growth has continued during the last 4 years, and particularly the increase of the cultivating area in Myanmar is striking.

5428/11 FM/fm 1 DG H 3A EN In this context, the recent UN reports have revealed that the poppy cultivation issue in this region is shifting towards a new phase. In our last regional report, we pointed out that it seemed that the effects of counter-narcotics efforts since the 1990s had begun to fade away gradually, and these current reports support this position. This situation should be in the focus of the international community.

On the other hand, there is concern about the issue of ATS in this region. On 25 November 2010, UNODC released “Patterns and Trends of Amphetamine-Type Stimulants and Other Drugs”, which is the outcome of the SMART project which Australia, Japan and other countries support. In this paper, upward trends in the use of methamphetamine are reported from most countries in the region and an increasing number of countries report the use of ecstasy. It also pointed out the problem of illicit manufacture due to the large number of seized ATS being inconsistent with the relatively low number of manufacturing facilities detected. An especially serious concern is that ATS manufacture is enlarging in the Golden Triangle with a focus on Myanmar, and authorities in both Myanmar and Thailand confirm that the manufacture of high-purity crystalline methamphetamine is now occurring in this region.

Illicit trafficking of drugs has links to other crimes such as smuggling and corruption, which have deep relations with organized crime. Moreover, illicit trafficking of drugs in the South-East Asia and China region is not limited within the internal borders. An inward flow from outside the region is one of the more serious issues in this region, particularly illicit trafficking from the West Africa region. In our last regional report, the Chinese country report mentioned the influence of the West African criminal organization and in the follow-up report, Thailand also pointed out their influence in their country report. Additionally, Global SMART Update Volume 4, released in October 2010, noticed that the most common destinations for methamphetamine trafficked through Africa had been East Asian countries, and that there had been indications that amphetamine-type stimulants are also being manufactured in West Africa.

In Japan, the situation of illicit trafficking of ATS has become worse. In December 2010, Tokyo Customs, which accounts for a large share of the seizures in connection with smuggling illicit drugs into Japan, released a report about the situation of illicit drugs seized by the Tokyo Customs Office. It revealed that the amount of drugs and cases seized by Tokyo Customs from January to the end of November 2010 were approximately 231 kg and 97 cases. The amount of seized drugs has increased by 1.8 times compared to 2009.

5428/11 FM/fm 2 DG H 3A EN Source countries of ATS are shifting from Asia to Africa and the percentage of the amount of seized ATS entering Japan from African countries has changed dramatically. The amount has grown to 109.3kg (48%) in 2010, having totalled only 5.5kg (4%) in 2009. The report also mentioned possibilities of clandestine factories in West Africa and the participation of a Nigerian crime organization.

Supply of illicit drugs, especially for poppy cultivation, is closely related to the poverty and instability in the region and therefore, multilateral approaches are needed to improve the situation. From the narcotic-control aspect, best practices should be shared for alternative development between countries in order to find the most suitable measures to approach the current situation and to promote efforts towards supply reduction. Furthermore, strengthening law enforcement in the region is another necessary approach towards supply reduction as well as improving national legislations, strengthening cross-border cooperation in the criminal investigations of important areas, such as the sub-region of the Mekong River watershed, making efforts towards the elucidation of the organized crime network and enhancing the capacity for drug control in the region. These efforts should be continued with regional and international cooperation.

The Dublin Group is the best possible informal forum to exchange information and support mutual understanding of counter-narcotic measures between the participating countries. The Dublin Group is expected to continue to play such a role in the international community and to contribute to the strengthening of a worldwide cooperation.

5428/11 FM/fm 3 DG H 3A EN 2. FOLLOW-UP REPORT FOR EACH COUNTRY

2.1. Cambodia

There is no updated information on the status of the drug situation in Cambodia.

2.2. China a) Development of the drug situation in China

Enhance narcotics control to ensure the security of the 2010 Guangzhou Asian Games.

According to the Ministry of Public Security (MPS), a conference on drug countermeasures was held in Guangzhou, Guangdong Province on 11t September 2010. The participants were as follows: MPS, public security narcotics control-related authorities in 14 provinces and cities, including the Department of Public Security of Guangdong Province, Beijing Public Security Bureau and Shanghai Municipal Security Bureau, as well as Railway, Navigation, Civil Aviation and Customs Anti-smuggling Policing Divisions. The participants discussed about how to strengthen the organisations dealing with narcotics control in order to ensure the success of the 2010 Guangzhou Asian Games that will be held this November and for the overall improvement of Guangzhou’s social environment.

NNCC and related agencies discussed designating the month of June as “The National Narcotics Control Campaign Month”.

According to MPS, in August 2010, 18 Chinese government agencies including China National Narcotics Control Commission (NNCC), MPS and the Ministry of Education, decided to announce the “Campaign to enhance drug education for the public” for the promotion of drug education in society and the enhancement of public awareness with regard to narcotics control. The campaign suggested designating the month of June as “The National Narcotics Control Campaign Month” in order to promote anti-drug education intensively.

5428/11 FM/fm 4 DG H 3A EN 2.3. Lao PDR a) Follow-up on recommendations to each Mini Dublin Group that were adopted in the Central Dublin Group Meeting

Recommendation 1: Continue to develop and refine implementation programs for the National Drug Control Master Plan, including finalizing financial support and a detailed overview of cost through annual work plans

The Government of the Lao PDR approved the inclusion of the National Drug Control Master Plan in the 7th National Socio-economic Development Plan and has established mechanisms for this purpose. The Master Plan will start this year.

Recommendation 2: Support efforts to strengthen law enforcement and border-control capacity and promote necessary legal reform

The first draft of the National Law Enforcement Strategy has been completed and is expected to be finalized in early 2011. A seminar about laws related to drug control for police, prosecutors and members of the judiciary, mainly supported by UNODC, took place in Vientiane from 15 to 17 December 2010.

Recommendation 3: Enhance cooperation between Lao and foreign police and intelligence agencies, particularly improving exchange of information to enable rapid apprehension of criminals

UNODC supports an enhanced cooperation between these organisations to counter transnational crime through programmes such as PATROL (Partnership against Transnational Crime through Regional Organized Law Enforcement).

5428/11 FM/fm 5 DG H 3A EN Recommendation 4: Continue to monitor the long-term effects of the global financial crisis, particularly impacts that may increase individual communities’ vulnerability to trafficking, production or addiction, and support efforts to mobilize and provide assistance to these communities.

The global financial crisis has an impact the rural part of Lao. The total area of opium poppy cultivation rapidly increased to 3,000 ha in 2010. This constitutes a 58% increase compared to the area in 2009 in spite of its 94% decrease during the period 1998-2007.

Recommendation 5: Continue to support the Sub-working Group on Drugs and the Sub-working Group on Crime

The Mini Dublin Group, including UNODC, supported the first Sub-working Group on Drugs meeting in July 2010 and the third Sub-working Group on Crime meeting in September 2010.

b) The activities of the Mini Dublin Group after the last Mini Dublin Group Meeting A High Level Meeting of the Illicit Drug Sector Working Group Meeting took place in early August 2010.

c) Development of the drug situation in Lao The first Sub-working Group on Drugs meeting took place in July 2010 and the third Sub-working Group on Crime meeting took place in September 2010. The illicit trafficking of methamphetamine has continued to rise (10 times the amount compared to 2009) and the number of patients at treatment centers in Vientiane is also increasing. Young people in particular constitute a large portion of the total number of drug addicts. Lao urgently needs support and a framework from the international community to improve the situation.

5428/11 FM/fm 6 DG H 3A EN 2.4. Myanmar

a) Follow-up on recommendations (including on the regional report) to each Mini Dublin Group that were adopted in the Central Dublin Group Meeting Chair countries (Australia and Japan) requested the revision of current and previous anti-narcotics programmes in Myanmar. (See Annex I) The Mini Dublin Group Report was updated, however, there have been few changes to the status of the drug situation in Myanmar and no meeting related to the Dublin Group was held. (See Annex II)

2.5. Thailand

a) Follow-up on recommendations (including on the regional report) to each Mini Dublin Group that were adopted in the Central Dublin Group Meeting

i. The Australian Embassy in Thailand pointed out in our latest report that Yaba (pills which contain ATS drugs) and ICE (crystallized methamphetamine) made not only in Myanmar, but also in Iran, are recently being smuggled and sold on illicit markets in Thailand. In Thailand, Iranian traffickers are arrested at the international airport of Bangkok (Suvarnabhumi International Airport) almost weekly. Moreover, Thailand is becoming one of the terminal or transit countries for the Iranian drug syndicate. ii. The Office of the Narcotics Control Board in Thailand noticed some points in our latest report and one of these being that organized crime activities are not limited to China, but have expanded throughout South East Asia. iii. Another issue is that Thailand has a standing partnership with UNODC for bilateral, regional and international cooperation. The focus of this partnership is on strengthening regional cooperation among countries in the Mae Kong sub-region and ASEAN region. In this context, Thailand still needs technical support/cooperation from UNODC. iv. One supplemental issue is that Thailand improved the legislation to confiscate assets stemming from drug crime in 1991 before the Anti-Money Laundering Act was established in 1999.

5428/11 FM/fm 7 DG H 3A EN b) Development of the drug situation in Thailand

i. The Global SMART Programme Regional Workshop for East and Southeast Asia was held in Bangkok on 5 and 6 August 2010 by UNODC. ii. The statistical data was updated. In 2010, 129,248 cases of drug crimes were recorded and the number of arrests amounted to 139,688 until the end of September. These amounts are larger than those in 2009, where the overall total of cases for the year amounted to 127,491 and 139,136 people were arrested. In most of these cases and arrests a direct link to Yaba was established.

2.6. Vietnam

a) Follow-up on recommendations (including on the regional report) to each Mini Dublin Group that were adopted in the Central Dublin Group Meeting

The Mini Dublin Group Report was updated, however, there have been few changes to the status of the drug situation in Vietnam, and no meeting related to the Dublin Group was held. (See Annex III).

5428/11 FM/fm 8 DG H 3A EN ANNEX 1 Current and Previous Anti-Narcotics Programs in Myanmar (Compiled by Mini Dublin Group Myanmar) - As of: November 2010

Donor Recipient Project/Program Title Budget Other Description Region(s) Start End Status Agency (USD) currenc Year Year y 1 Japan Bilateral Project for the 110000000 Covers infrastructure, Kokang 2005 2011 Japanese experts have not (Ministry of Eradication of Opium agriculture, livelihood Special been allowed access to project Progress of Poppy Cultivation and improvement, health and Region sites since the Kokang Border Areas Poverty Reduction in education aimed at mitigation of (Laukai Incident in Aug 2009; field and National Kokang Special Region the critical situation of the District) activities of the project are Races people in poverty after being carried out by local staff Development eradicating opium poppy unless Japanese experts are Affairs) cultivation and demonstration of not entering in Kokang model porvetry reduction region. activities in the Kokang Region. 2 Japan Bilateral Buckwheat cultivation 48600000 Introduced buckwheat Northern 1997 2005 Buckhweat cultivation (Ministry of project as substitute crop cultivation as substitute crop of Shan State component was merged into Progress of of opium poppy opuim poppy, and supported its (Kokang, the Kokang Project (only Border Areas quality maintenance and Muse, technical support). and National marketing (export to Japan). Lashio, Priovate sector (local Races Kyaukme company) took over the Development District) activities and is continuing in Affairs) Kokang, Kyaukme and extended to PaO areas (Southern Shan State) . 3 Japan Bilateral The Increase of Food 57700000 Fertilizer and agriculture Mainly 1998 1999 Completed (Ministry of Production (2KR/Grant machineries (Tractor, thresher, Kokang Progress of Aid) etc) provided through 2KR was and Wa Border Areas distributed to farmers of region and National Northern Shan State through Races NaTaLa. Development Affairs)

5428/11 FM/fm 9 ANNEX 1 DG H 3A EN Donor Recipient Project/Program Title Budget Other Description Region(s) Start End Status Agency (USD) currenc Year Year y 4 Japan Bilateral The Project for 17140000 Electric poles, transformers and Kokang 2001 2003 Completed (Ministry of Electrification of electric grid from Tarshwetan to region Progress of Kokang Region in Kyasishu are installed. In Border Areas Northern Shan State addition, technical transfer on and National electrification was conducted Races for Myanmar and local electric Development engineers. Affairs)

5 Japan Bilateral The Project for 46330000 To renovate access road to Kokang 2001 2003 Completed (Ministry of Improvement of the mountain villages, road region Progress of Road Construction construction equipments Border Areas Equipment for Kokang (grader, wheelloader, vibration and National Region in Northern Shan road roller, dump trucks, etc) Races State. were provided through NaTaLa Development with maintenance workshop. 10 Affairs) km of demonstration road between Laukai and Tarshwetan was constructed. 6 Japan Bilateral Primary Health Care 2400000 AMDA (Association of Medical Kokang 2004 2006 Although JICA's Grassroot (Ministry of Project in Kokang Doctors of Asia) had region Technical Cooperation Progress of Special Region implemented the project for Program was completed, Border Areas improvement of community- AMDA is continuing the and National based health programs, activities by own and other Races strenghten of function of border financial resources in Kokang Development areas and improvement of region to date. Affairs) hygiene conditions with JICA's Grassroot Technical Cooperation Program.

5428/11 FM/fm 10 ANNEX 1 DG H 3A EN Donor Recipient Project/Program Title Budget Other Description Region(s) Start End Status Agency (USD) currenc Year Year y 7 Japan Bilateral The Kokang Region 4000000 World Vision had Kokang 2004 2007 Although JICA's Grassroot (Ministry of Opium Poppy implementedThe Kokang region Technical Cooperation Progress of Eradication Support Region Opium Poppy Program was completed, Border Areas Programme Eradication Support Programme World Vision is continuing and National in Konkyan township in sectors the activities by own and Races of health, livelihood other financial resources in Development improvement, agriculture with Kokang region to date. Affairs) JICA's Grassroot Technical Cooperation Program.

8 Japan UNODC Drug Control and 44300000 Supported the transition to Wa 1996 2007 Development in the Wa sustainable development by Special Region of Shan strengthening the Wa personnel State capacity to plan and coordinate work to reduce poverty and sustain the elimination of opium in the Wa Region 9 Japan UNODC Illicit Crop Monitoring 14900000 To provide verifiable estimates Shan, 2002 2009 in Myanmar on the extents and evolution of Kachin and opium poppy cultivation in Kyah Myanmar to national states. authorities, regional and sub- regional corporation mechanisms as well as UN and international community 10 Japan World Food Improving the food 7500000 Food assistance was provided to Northern 2009 2009 755 mt of rice and 112.5 mt of Programme security, nutrition status highly food-insecure and Shan State blended food were procured. and livelihoods of vulnerable groups (children vulnerable groups under five and pregnant and (Protracted Reief and lactating women, as well as Recovery Operations school-age children in Kokang) (PRRO))

5428/11 FM/fm 11 ANNEX 1 DG H 3A EN Donor Recipient Project/Program Title Budget Other Description Region(s) Start End Status Agency (USD) currenc Year Year y 11 Japan World Food Improving the food 6500000 Food assistance was provided to NFI for 2006 2006 Completed Programme security, nutrition status highly food-insecure and Northern and livelihoods of vulnerable groups Shan State vulnerable groups (Protracted Reief and Recovery Operations (PRRO)) 12 Japan World Food Improving the food 11300000 Food assistance was provided to Lashio, 2006 2006 Completed Programme security, nutrition status highly food-insecure and Kokang, and livelihoods of vulnerable groups Wa, vulnerable groups Magway (Protracted Reief and Recovery Operations (PRRO)) 13 Japan World Food Improving the food 2800000 Food assistance was provided to Northern 2005 2005 Completed Programme security, nutrition status highly food-insecure and Shan State and livelihoods of vulnerable groups vulnerable groups (Protracted Reief and Recovery Operations (PRRO)) 14 Japan World Food Emergency Operation 5000000 Northern 2004 2004 Completed Programme Shan State

15 Japan World Food Emergency Operation 3000000 Kokang 2003 2003 Completed Programme

16 Japan Japanese Upgrading a Rural 1300000 Upgraded a rural health center Kokang 2009 2009 Completed NGO Health Center in Kokang in Kokang Region Region

5428/11 FM/fm 12 ANNEX 1 DG H 3A EN Donor Recipient Project/Program Title Budget Other Description Region(s) Start End Status Agency (USD) currenc Year Year y 17 European UNODC 2007 Food Security 26350000 1,445,00 To increase diverse food crop Hopong, 2010 2013 Relocation of project sites has Commissio Programme for 0 Euro production and the ending of Southern been changed from Pinlaung n Burma/Myanmar in 6 opium poppy cultivation. Shan State to Hopong township at village tracts” Pinlaung Expand the village economy via Southern Shan State since Township, South Shan agri-business that can lead to UNODC was denied the MoU State sourcing markets for higher to operate in the area. priced processed products. Government agreement has been secured. Still pending from Donor for final contract amendment for relocation of project area. 18 European UNODC 2007 Food Security 23250000 1,445,00 To increase diverse food crop Hopong, 2010 2013 Relocation of project sites has Commissio Programme for 0 Euro production and the ending of Southern been changed from Pinlaung n Burma/Myanmar in 4 opium poppy cultivation. Shan State to Hopong township at village tracts” Pinlaung Expand the village economy via Southern Shan State since Township, South Shan agri-business that can lead to UNODC was denied the MoU State sourcing markets for higher to operate in the area. priced processed products. Government agreement has been secured. Still pending from Donor for final contract amendment for relocation of project area. 19 Germany UNODC Increasing Food 11286000 1,573,80 Focuses on poverty alleviation Pinlon, 2011 2012 Pending for baseline Security and Promoting 9 through improved food security. Southern assessment followed by the Licit Crop Production EURO Targets interventions in the Shan State full implementation of project and Small Farmer areas of i) food security and activities by Jan 2011. Enterprise Development increasing legal production in in Lao PDR and agriculture ii) development of Myanmar small famers' associations and cooperatives iii) prevention of opium production, consupmtion and treatment

5428/11 FM/fm 13 ANNEX 1 DG H 3A EN Donor Recipient Project/Program Title Budget Other Description Region(s) Start End Status Agency (USD) currenc Year Year y 20 Germany Welthungerhil Improvement of Basic 500,000 Wa Special 2009 2012 Ongoing, expatriate access fe/German Infrastructure and EURO Region impossible since August 2010 Agro Action Livelidhoods in 49 Northern Villages in Former Shan State Poppy Growing Areas 21 Germany UNODC Global Partnership on 2206000 Contributed to a sustainable 2007 2010 Completed. Alternative reduction of illicit crop Development cultivation through integration of development counter narcotics objectives into broader development policies, plans and programmes 22 UNODC Support of Uprooted 13085000 Improve sustainable livelihood Loilen, Secured government approval People in Loilen as a whole, from improving Southern already. Township livelihood assets of the farmers, Shan State (11 Village Tract) as well as acting on livelihood process and structures. 23 3DF UNODC UNODC Partnership for 33248000 To prevent and reduce injecting Shan State 2007 2011 On-going. the Reduction of drug use, HIV/AIDS and related Injecting Drug Use, vulnerability through HIV/AIDS and Related strengthening CBOs and Vulnerability in Township Project Management Myanmar Committees in priority townships in Myanmar. 24 Australia UNODC Reducing the spread of 26350000 To reduce the spread of HIV State 2008 2012 On-going. HIV/AIDS among related harm which is associated (Shan, injecting drug users with injecting drug use. Kachin) through the HAARP Division Country Flexible (Yangon, Programme in Myanmar Mandalay) 25 Australia UNODC KOWI (the Kokang and 12000000 UNODC’s Kokang and Wa Kokang 2006- 2007 Completed Wa Initiative) initiative in Shan State aims to and Wa 2007 provide for the basic human needs of poor farmers and their families to curb opium production

5428/11 FM/fm 14 ANNEX 1 DG H 3A EN Donor Recipient Project/Program Title Budget Other Description Region(s) Start End Status Agency (USD) currenc Year Year y 26 UNAIDS UNODC Harm Reduction Review 663800 Analysed present situation in 2010 2010 Completed. the Union of Myanmar including best practices and provide possible strategies and recommendations for expansion of services.

5428/11 FM/fm 15 ANNEX 1 DG H 3A EN ANNEX 2 Mini-Dublin Country Report: MYANMAR 2010 (Update received on 3 December)

1. General Situation in the Country

In the 1980s, Myanmar was the world’s largest producer of illicit opium. Opium production in Myanmar continued to increase until 1996. In 1999, the Government of Myanmar and local authorities decided to engage into a 15-year plan to eliminate the illicit crop by the year 2014. Since then, there has been a considerable decrease in both cultivation and production in Myanmar. In addition, the opium ban in the WA Region in June 2005, and Kokang and Special Region in 2003 also led to a decrease in the opium cultivation in the Shan State. After reaching a minimum level in 2006, opium cultivation began to record marginal increases in 2007 after five years of decline (2002 to 2006). According to the 2009 regarding the Opium Poppy Cultivation in South-East Asia (Lao PDR, Myanmar), an increase of 11% of opium poppy cultivation in Myanmar was estimated comparing to 28,500 ha in 2008. However, the opium production decreased by 28% compared to 2007 as a result of lower yields. Geographically, Opium poppy has been confined almost entirely to the Shan State with a few pockets of cultivation in other states.

Although there is no precise data available, Myanmar is allegedly a significant Amphetamine Type Stimulants (ATS) producer. The recent increase in the amount of seized ATS, precursor chemicals and other synthetic drugs seems to indicate that there is an increase of ATS and other synthetic drug regarding the production and trafficking in the country. ATS is produced in the border areas of Myanmar, from precursors trafficked from China and India, and flows out to neighbouring countries and beyond.

5428/11 FM/fm 16 ANNEX 2 DG H 3A EN Myanmar is a major manufacturer of methamphetamine pills. Methamphetamine pills produced in the Shan State are trafficked via new trafficking routes that have emerged since 2003 directly to Thailand and also to China and Lao PDR, with the Mekong River which is a key route now.1 There is also evidence of new trafficking routes to the Western part of Myanmar and also for export into South Asia.2 In 2009, there was a dramatic spike in seizures of methamphetamine pills with nearly 24 million pills seized in 2009 compared to1.1 million in 2008 and 1.6 million in 2007.3 The large increase is likely due to the Government pressure on ceasefire groups, most of which produce amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) that come under the Government control. For crystalline methamphetamine, seizures amounted to more than 120 kg by the end of 2009 compared to only 20 kg seized in total between 2006 and 2008.4 No crystalline methamphetamine manufacturing facilities have been reported as seized in Myanmar. However, most crystalline methamphetamine seized in northern Thailand in the past 2-3 years originated from the Myanmar part of the Golden Triangle.5

1 This is likely due to Thailand’s increased counter narcotics efforts, aimed at the suppression of drug trafficking and the prevention of drug use, which forced drug producers and traffickers to find new trafficking routes. 2 In 2009 a new trafficking route emerged, to Rakhine State from Yangon. Pills seized in Rakhine State in 2009 were likely for export rather than for local consumption. ‘Amphetamines and Ecstasy: 2008 Global ATS Assessment’, UNODC; CCDAC as reported to DAINAP, 2010; and Discussions at SMART Myanmar National Workshop, December 2009. Another indicator of the emerging westward trafficking route is the seizure of methamphetamine pills mostly originating from Myanmar in Bangladesh since 2007, with the Bangladesh Department of Narcotics Control reporting 8,184 methamphetamine pills seized in 2007, 5,763 in 2008 and 4,051 in 2009. ‘Statistics’, Bangladesh Department of Narcotics Control website (Accessed at: www.dnc.gov.bd/statistics.html; date accessed: 25 March 2010). 3 ‘ATS Situation in Myanmar’, 2009, UNODC, 2010 (forthcoming publication). 4 The crystalline methamphetamine was destined for international markets. The first reported crystalline methamphetamine seizure in Myanmar was in 2001, of 518 kg. Discussions at SMART Myanmar National Workshop, 15 December 2009, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar. 5 Discussions during Global SMART Programme Regional Workshop, July 2009, Bangkok, Thailand.

5428/11 FM/fm 17 ANNEX 2 DG H 3A EN Heroin and opium are primarily the drugs used in Myanmar.1 However, their use has decreased over the past 5 years but there is in parallel an increasing trend in methamphetamine pill use, which now ranks as the third most commonly used drug in the country.2 There are no consolidated figures on ATS use in the country and ATS treatment in Myanmar is under-resourced. However, the limited information sources available points out an increase in ATS use. The use of methamphetamine in pill form has increased every year since 2003 and smoking is the primary method of use3 especially in border areas, among migrant workers and truck drivers.

While significant progress has been achieved in reducing opium cultivation and production, former poppy-growing farmers remain highly vulnerable. Along with the rural development and the efforts made by the Myanmar Government, activities to ensure alternative livelihood have been conducted by international aid agencies and bilateral donors, mainly in Kokang, the Wa special region and new areas in Southern Shan State.

Most opium and ATS production occurs in the areas bordering China, especially in the Shan State. Those border areas, predominantly controlled by ethnic minority groups are politically unstable, with actual and potential armed conflicts between minority groups and the Myanmar military forces. Accordingly, conducting counter-narcotics activities, including law-enforcement and alternative development, is often difficult in these areas.

1 ‘2009 Patterns and Trends of Amphetamine-Type Stimulants and Other Drugs in East and South-East Asia’, UNODC, November 2009, p.86. 2 The Myanmar Central Committee for Drug Abuse Control, as reported to DAINAP. ‘2009 Patterns and Trends of Amphetamine-Type Stimulants and Other Drugs in East and South- East Asia’, UNODC, November 2009, p.86. 3 ‘2009 Patterns and Trends of Amphetamine-Type Stimulants and Other Drugs in East and South-East Asia’, UNODC, November 2009, p. 86. ‘ATS Situation in Myanmar’, 2009, UNODC, (forthcoming) 2010, p. 15.

5428/11 FM/fm 18 ANNEX 2 DG H 3A EN In 2009, the Myanmar Government announced that they would hold an election in 2010 and that they expected to incorporate, before the election, all the armed ethnic groups into a Border Guard Force under the control of the Myanmar military. The election was held on 7 November 2010, in accordance with the new constitution which was approved in a referendum held in May 2008. The pro-junta Union Solidarity and Development Party (USDP) achieved a land slide victory at the election. The following day clashes erupted between splinter groups of the Democratic Karen Buddhist Army (DKBA) and government forces in Myawaddy by the Thai border. The lead-up to and the conduct of the result of the election will have a significant impact on the narcotic landscape in Myanmar.

In the end of August 2009, the Myanmar authorities took effective control of Kokang Special Region 1 after a brief clash with the Myanmar National Defence Alliance Army (MNDAA), an ethnic minority group which had controlled the Kokang Special Region. The authorities reportedly seized several million ATS tablets, ATS precursor chemicals and drug manufacturing equipment. International humanitarian workers who previously conducted activities in the area had to evacuate and have not been allowed to return since. Accordingly their projects are being implemented by local staff.

The United Wa State Army (UWSA), which administers the Wa Special Region, is also suspected to be involved in drug production. Negotiation between the Myanmar authorities and the UWSA to incorporate the UWSA into the Border Guard Force has been inconclusive and future armed conflict between the Myanmar military and the UWSA cannot be ruled out. While Myanmar Government staff left Pan San, the capital of Wa, in the end of March 2010, locally-engaged staff of international organisations and INGOs are still working in the area. The ultimate result of the ongoing negotiation between the Myanmar authorities and the UWSA will have a significant impact on the narcotic landscape in northern Shan State.

There is concern among international humanitarian workers that events in the lead-up to the 2010 elections will have impact on their activities in Myanmar. The clash in Kokang and aftermath of the elections has already had a negative impact on the access of international humanitarian agencies to Kokang and elsewhere in Shan State.

5428/11 FM/fm 19 ANNEX 2 DG H 3A EN China and Thailand play key roles in the counter-narcotic field in Myanmar. Both countries cooperate closely with the Myanmar authorities in terms of information sharing and providing training for Myanmar officials as well. In addition and since 2006, China has conducted an opium survey in cooperation with the Myanmar authorities and independent from the UNODC surveys. While the results of this survey have not been publicly released, it is understood that the Chinese surveys typically estimate a lower level of poppy cultivation than the UNODC surveys. China also donated a considerable amount of food and agricultural equipment to Shan State in 2009. Thailand conducts alternative development projects in east Shan State and cooperates with the Myanmar Government in investigation and extradition of criminals.

2. Short update on the country's anti-drugs strategy

2.1 Changes/additions to the counter-narcotic institutional framework

There have been no significant changes to Myanmar’s counter-narcotic institutional framework over the last year.

2.2 Legal/Legislative changes including money laundering

The Central Committee for Drug Abuse Control (CCDAC) is preparing a revision of the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law of 1993. This law stipulates that a drug user who fails to register at a medical centre recognised by the government or who fails to abide by the directives issued by the Ministry of Health for medical treatment shall be punished with imprisonment of 3 to 5 years, and it is proposed that it be revised to impose a less severe punishment in recognition that drug addicts should be treated as patients rather than criminals.

5428/11 FM/fm 20 ANNEX 2 DG H 3A EN 2.3 Assessment of Myanmar's anti-narcotics strategy

The Myanmar Government is implementing a 15-year drug control plan (1999-2014) aimed at a drug-free country by 2014. The drug control plan will be implemented in three phases. In the early stage, the main priorities were given to the eradication of poppy cultivation and production and in the remaining phases, the Government set more priorities on the elimination of drug abuse, establishment of a special anti-narcotic task force, local participation in the implementation of the drug control process and the cooperation with international organisations. The drug control plan covers 51 townships covering 55,112.45 square miles with a population of approximately 3.8 million inhabitants. During the past 10 years, the Myanmar authorities have achieved a significant decrease in opium production in the first and second phases of the programme. However, the ongoing political instability in border areas and an acute increase in ATS suggest that the Myanmar authorities will find it difficult, if not impossible, to eliminate all narcotic production by 2014.

The Central Committee of Drug Abuse Control (CCDAC) under the Ministry of Home Affairs is the leading counter-narcotics agency. The CCDAC consists of a number of thematic work committees (crop substitution; livestock breeding; medical treatment; rehabilitation; youth education; law enforcement; administration of seized narcotic drugs; international relations; control of precursor chemicals; effective settlement of narcotic drug cases, and others) and operates 26 Anti-Narcotic Units across the country. CCDAC coordinates law-enforcement activities of the Myanmar Police force, the Customs Department and other relevant authorities, and alternative development activities in cooperation with the Ministry of Progress of Border Areas and National Races and Development Affairs.

According to CCDAC, seizure of narcotics and precursors has increased in recent years. In 2009, the Myanmar Government seized 1,076 kg heroin; 1,970 kg opium (normal and lower quality); 27 kg opium oil; 21 cans morphine injection; 23.9 million ATS tablets; 339 kg ATS powder; 124 kg methamphetamine hydrochloride (ICE); 1,646 kg ephedrine (ATS precursor); 284.62 kg cannabis ; 1,500 bottles ketamine injection. Also, 10,100.65 acres (4,087.6 Ha) of poppy field was eradicated and 3,843 persons arrested for narcotics related offences in 2009.

5428/11 FM/fm 21 ANNEX 2 DG H 3A EN Being a party to a number of bilateral and multilateral agreements on counter-narcotics cooperation in the region, Myanmar cooperates with other countries in information sharing and other activities for the elimination of drugs.

As the State budget for anti-narcotic activities is limited, international cooperation for the training of Myanmar officials and alternative development is crucial to achieve progress in combating narcotics production.

3. Enumeration of major bilateral and multilateral counter narcotics programmes

(i) UNODC

The UNODC mandate is to assist Member States to address the salient threats posed by drugs, crime, corruption and terrorism. UNODC addresses rule of law problems by working in the following areas: trafficking, governance and criminal justice. UNODC tackles health and development challenges through its Drug Demand Reduction, HIV-AIDS and sustainable livelihood work.

The present interventions in Myanmar are based on the existing framework of the UNODC Regional Programme (2009-2012). The Regional Programme provides specific guidelines to assess progress made by Member States to address the salient threats posed by organised crimes as well as the effectiveness of UNODC’s contribution in the Region.

The Regional Programme has been conceptualised based on both the UNODC Strategy (2008-2011) and consultations with Member States as to their priority needs. The Regional Programme initially covers four years, from 2009 to 2012. However, it is anticipated that most of its outcomes and outputs will remain relevant over a much longer timeframe. Ongoing relevance will be reviewed annually and the Regional Programme will be revised as required.

5428/11 FM/fm 22 ANNEX 2 DG H 3A EN Drug Demand Reduction, HIV/AIDS prevention and care: UNODC has supported the development and implementation of community-based drug demand reduction and HIV/AIDS prevention and care (as related to injecting drug users) programming since 1994. Currently, UNODC is working in 17 townships out of the HIV National Strategic Plan’s 29 priority townships in need of HIV interventions. In addition, UNODC also provides HIV and AIDS awareness training to law enforcement personnel. UNODC’s HIV programming is implemented with support from the Three Diseases Fund and the Australian government. Currently, HIV programme activities are implemented in Kachin State, Shan State, Mandalay Division and Yangon Division. UNODC- supported programming is delivered through drop-in and outreach modalities and targets 16,000 injecting and non-injecting drug users.

Alternative development and sustainable livelihood: Building on 30 years of work in the Greater Mekong Region, UNODC delivers alternative livelihood programming to populations in remote areas of the Northeast. Through a 10 years long project implemented in the Wa Special Region 2, UNODC provided assistance to ex-opium poppy farmers, thereby enabling them to transform their agricultural livelihood after an Opium ban by Wa authorities. Currently, UNODC aims to support farming communities in Hopong, Loilen, and Pinlon townships in Southern Shan State to alter farming practices that will see more of their time and investments spent in increasing diverse food crop production and the ending of opium poppy cultivation. UNODC is targeting an estimated population of about 100,000 opium farmers and relatives living in 390 villages of these townships. The projects are funded by the European Union and the German government.

Research and Survey: UNODC has been carrying out the Myanmar Illicit Crop Monitoring Programme (ICMP) in cooperation with the Government since 2003. These annual opium surveys provide verifiable estimates on the extent and trends of opium poppy cultivation in Myanmar to national authorities, regional and sub-regional bodies as well as the United Nations and the international community. The survey contributes to establish a comprehensive crop monitoring system in Myanmar. It builds on the experience acquired in previous years and further strengthens the capacity of the government to maintain such a system. The annual survey is supported by the Government of Japan. The 2010 Opium Survey report will be released in December 2010, the same month in which the 2011 Opium Survey will begin.

5428/11 FM/fm 23 ANNEX 2 DG H 3A EN UNODC Global SMART Programme The UNODC Global Synthetics Monitoring: Analyses, Reporting and Trends (SMART) Programme was launched in September 2008. The overarching objective of the programme is to support the Member States to make effective evidence-based decisions, for designing responses to counter the problem of synthetic drugs. The programme supports this through three primary steps: · Information is generated and managed by relevant agencies · Information is analysed and reported through various reports/fora · Information is increasingly used for the development of policy and strategic interventions.

The Global SMART Programme is being implemented in a gradual phased manner. East and South East Asia is the first priority region in which the Global SMART Programme is being implemented with Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Viet Nam as the beneficiary countries.

Myanmar has been one of the priority countries for SMART in this region. In Myanmar, the programme has focused on: a) Increasing the information base and analysis on the ATS situation in the country b) Identifying the existing formal/informal data-sharing mechanisms on ATS c) Facilitating discussions on ATS data generation and data sharing between the law enforcement, health and treatment agencies d) Facilitating discussions on ATS data sharing between Government agencies and NGOs/INGOs e) Initiating the process for setting-up a mechanism for information-sharing on ATS health and treatment aspects in the country.

The current phase of the Global SMART Programme is being supported by Australia, Canada, Japan, Republic of Korea, New Zealand and Thailand. Other relevant UNODC programmes include:

5428/11 FM/fm 24 ANNEX 2 DG H 3A EN UNODC Computer-based Training (CBT) Programme Since 1999, UNODC has been providing Member States with technical assistance to address a range of issues related to transnational organized crime through computer-based training (CBT). The existing UNODC CBT curriculum contains 78 modules and is available in 18 languages. It is currently being delivered via 300 Centres in 52 countries. More than 100 of these Centres are in South East Asia and the Pacific. The CBT Unit coordinates and implements operations from the Regional Centre in Bangkok.

Details of the CBT implementation in Myanmar are: · 14 CBT Centres in Myanmar · Key focal points include Police, Customs, Criminal Investigation Dept (CID) · CBT operations have been conducted at : - The Central Training Institute of Myanmar Police Force, Mandalay - Customs Department, Yangon - Border Liaison Offices (along the borders of Myanmar)

Future CBT activities in Myanmar will include · Training needs assessment (TNA) for Myanmar in 2010 (assessment for coordinating future activities)

(ii) Japan

The Japanese Government has conducted a crop substitution programme for the eradication of opium poppy cultivation and poverty reduction in northern Shan State since 1997 through Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). Since April 2005, JICA has conducted a project for the comprehensive socio-economic development of Kokang Special Region No. 1, which totals about $11 million. This project covers infrastructure, agriculture, livelihood improvement, health and education aimed at mitigation of the critical situation of the people in poverty after eradicating opium poppy cultivation in the Kokang Region. Although Japanese experts have not been allowed access to the project sites since the Kokang incident in August 2009, field activities of the project are being carried out by local staff.

5428/11 FM/fm 25 ANNEX 2 DG H 3A EN The Japanese Government has contributed $4.43 million (1996-2007 total) to the UNODC project for drug control and development in the Wa Special Region of the Shan State and $1.49 million (2002-2009 total) to the UNODC project for illicit crop monitoring in Myanmar. The Government of Japan contributed $0.75 million to WFP Food Assistance for Children and Mothers during the lean season through Protracted Relief and Recovery Operations (PRRO) in northern Shan State in 2009 and approximately $5 million to WFP PRRO in Myanmar including northern Shan State in 2010.

The Japanese Government funded in 2009 $ 0.13m to AMDA, a Japanese NGO, for their project for upgrading a rural health centre in Kokang Region.

In February 2010, CCDAC officials participated in the Asia-Pacific Operational Drug Enforcement Conference in Tokyo hosted by the National Police Agency of Japan.

(iii) WFP

WFP has continued to provide much needed food and livelihood support to the region. A recent series of food security assessments in Shan State conducted by WFP and its partners, including in Lashio in March 2010 and in Kokang in May 2010, highlighted the following: · Chronic poverty is still pervasive and there remains insufficient investment in alternative and sustainable livelihoods to support ex poppy farmers; · Vulnerable households experience a 3 – 6 month food gap annually; · In WFP targeted areas, 50 – 80% of households are classified as food insecure, out of which 20 – 50% classified as ‘severely’ food insecure; · Low food availability in the WFP targeted areas is mainly due to a lack of cash and credit as well as agricultural inputs and labour; · Vulnerable households suffer from heavy debts which are taken in order to meet the needs for food and agricultural inputs as well as to support health and education; and · Enrolment rate in primary schools is one of the lowest in the country (i.e. 59% in Kokang, compared to 84% of the national average.

5428/11 FM/fm 26 ANNEX 2 DG H 3A EN During 2009, WFP provided 10,670 tons of food to support over 360,000 vulnerable people in Shan State through various activities of food assistance. Food-For-Work (FFW) was one of the principle activities used to support integrated livelihood for food-insecure people. Projects focus on strengthening rural infrastructure that further contributes to enhance livelihoods. In 2009, the main outputs through FFW were: · 1,571 ha of land developed; · 311 km of road rehabilitated; · 117 km of irrigation canal constructed; and · 52 schools constructed.

Through Food-For-Training (FFT), WFP builds the income generating and coping capacities of the local communities. In 2009, 261 sessions of FFT training were conducted, in collaboration with cooperating partners, on agriculture, livestock, health and hygiene, literacy, and other sessions based on the needs of communities. WFP successfully maintained high attendance rates (86%) in its targeted primary school, thanks to the monthly take-home rations provided to school children through Food-For-Education (FFE). For vulnerable families, removing their children from school is one of the most common coping strategies. Food rations provided an incentive to the parents and a compensation for the opportunity cost they bear for sending their children to school. WFP also provided meals for 3 – 5 years old children at the Early Childhood Development (ECD) centers and implemented nutrition related activities such as Mother and Child Health and Nutrition (MCHN) and support to HIV/TB patients during 2009.

In January 2010, WFP launched a new three-year PRRO with focus on improving food security, nutrition status and livelihoods of vulnerable populations, including ex-poppy farmers in Shan State. The programme is underpinned by four strategic pillars. These are 1) to maintain and expand access; 2) to strengthen the food production chain, 3) to improve the quality, quantity, and diversity of food in-take and 4) to build partnerships and strengthen national capacity.

5428/11 FM/fm 27 ANNEX 2 DG H 3A EN In 2010, WFP plans to provide 12,773 tons of food to reach 622,293 vulnerable people in Shan State with the three main objectives: · To enhance local food production through FFW and Cash-For-Work activities as well as local food procurement; · To build capacities of communities and individuals through activities of FFT, FFE and ECD; and · To improve nutrition and health through MCHN and HIV/TB activities.

Due to security reasons and restricted access to operational areas, WFP has provided only 6,153 mt of food to 340,858 beneficiaries in Shan State.While operations are continuing, WFP continues to face four key operational challenges in Shan State. These are: 1. Security: In Kokang, the hostilities broke out between the forces of the Myanmar government and Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army (MNDAA) in August 2009. Following the cessation of hostilities, the majority of staff and dependants of WFP and its Cooperating Partners (CPs) temporarily relocated to Lashio. In Wa, the security situation has been volatile since September 2009. In March 2010, the unexpected mass departure of Natala and other Government staff resulted in the temporary relocation of staff from international agencies. The pending issue of agreement on the Governments proposed Border Guard Force is expected to continue to dominate the security situation in the border areas during 2010. 2. Access: Expatriates in Kokang and Wa have not been allowed to return to their duty stations since September 2009 while local staff have also faced some limitation of access to operational areas. Delayed transport permits for local food procurement have also caused a negative impact on WFP operations. 3. Partnerships: Maintaining strong and effective partnerships is the key to the success of WFP’s programmes. Although WFP maintained sound relationships with both the government and the local authorities, it is sometimes difficult to meet several requests from different ministries as well as local authorities. Limited presence of the other international agencies in border areas has also affected the extent to which WFP has been able to expand its operations.

5428/11 FM/fm 28 ANNEX 2 DG H 3A EN 4. Capacity-building: Building capacities that can support sustainable livelihoods in the border areas remains a major challenge. To enhance capacities of vulnerable households, including ex-poppy farmers, further financial inputs and technical assistance are needed. In this regard, WFP has been actively seeking partners, including Government line ministries, other UN agencies and NGOs, to provide complementary assistance to support agriculture, education, health and community development.

WFP plays a key role in supporting the coordination. At the field level, WFP chairs the monthly KOWI meeting with all stakeholders in Wa, which includes representatives from the Government and local authorities. In other areas of Shan State, WFP plays a leading coordination role with its cooperating partners as well as with government counterparts. At the Yangon level, WFP has signed an MOU with UNICEF for collaboration in education and is discussing similar MOUs with FAO in agriculture and UNFPA with regard to cooperation in the area of health and hygiene. It is hoped that these MOU’s will further support collaborative programming in the border areas. While WFP maintains its primary relationship with Natala, it recognizes that there is much to be gained from developing more structured relationships with other relevant line Ministries such as Agriculture, Health and Education. WFP continues efforts to engage these line Ministries in discussions on its operations as much as possible. NGOs, as WFP’s main cooperating partners, implement WFP’s food activities and complement the activities of community development and technical assistance. Needless to say, financial and policy support from donors are crucial for WFP to continue its operations in the border areas of Myanmar.

(iv) Australia

Australia, through the Australian Federal Police (AFP) and the Australian Agency for International Development (AusAID), continues to support counter-narcotic efforts in Myanmar, through police- to-police cooperation and support to the World Food Programme’s activities in Kokang, Wa and elsewhere in Shan State.

Australia is also a major contributor to efforts to counter HIV/AIDS in Myanmar through the Three Diseases Fund (3DF), managed by UNOPS, and the HIV/AIDS Asia Regional Program (HAARP), managed by UNODC, and a number of smaller projects.

5428/11 FM/fm 29 ANNEX 2 DG H 3A EN Australia is also contributing to the Livelihoods and Food Security Trust Fund (LIFT). LIFT is funded by Australia, the European Commission, The Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. LIFT aims to provide USD100 million over 5 years to improve the food and livelihoods security of the poorest and most vulnerable people in Myanmar, and Shan State is one of the five target areas for LIFT.

(v) European Commission

The European Commission is currently supporting two food security and crop substitution projects in Southern Shan Sate for the eradication of opium poppy cultivation and poverty reduction. Originally supposed to be implemented in Pinlaung township, both projects had to be relocated to Hopong Township since UNODC was denied the MoU to operate in the proposed target areas. The new areas of implementation show similar needs for assistance.

The European Commission is also one of the donors contributing to the Livelihoods and Food Security Trust Fund (LIFT) and to the Three Diseases Fund (3DF).

4. Place and Date of Meeting of Mini-Dublin Group in Myanmar

10 June 2010 at Sedona Hotel, Yangon (Report has been updated December 2010)

5. Prioritized Identification of Needs for External Assistance

Ÿ Continued and enhanced international cooperation with Myanmar law enforcement agencies on counter narcotics Ÿ Food and development assistance for former poppy farmers facing serious food shortages including in newly-developed poppy cultivation areas Ÿ Continued programmes to improve the livelihood of former poppy cultivating communities including in newly-developed poppy cultivation areas Ÿ Continued surveys and research on opium and ATS production Ÿ Treatment and rehabilitation of addicts and former addicts

5428/11 FM/fm 30 ANNEX 2 DG H 3A EN 6. Mini-Dublin Group Assessment of Needs

6.1 Emerging Threats/Trends

While the poppy cultivation in Myanmar has been kept at almost the same level since the mid 2000s, production and trafficking of other drugs, notably ATS, is on the rise. Continued inaccessibility of the main areas where narcotic cultivation and production take place will continue to represent a considerable challenge to the anti-narcotics efforts by the Myanmar Government and the international community.

Also of concern has been the apparent tightening of controls to access for UN agencies and donors providing assistance for former poppy farmers in some areas. While this in part reflects ongoing security issues in these areas, members consider that the controls go beyond what is necessary.

6.2 Political Initiatives

The Myanmar Government continues to publicise their determination to tackle narcotics production through its 15-year narcotics elimination plan. However, its activities have been hampered by insufficient funds and inaccessibility to areas where narcotics production takes place. The successful implementation of the 15 year plan will depend on the situation in the border areas, the political will of the new government after the 2010 election and continued assistance from the international community.

6.3 Recommendations

Ÿ That the joint chairs, Japan and Australia, continue to update the document which outlines current and previous anti-narcotics programs in Myanmar and which can be used as a resource to avoid duplication of effort and identify key gaps, and that a draft of this document be available for comment at the next Mini-Dublin Group meeting. Ÿ That the completed report of the Myanmar Mini-Dublin Group committee be forwarded to the Myanmar Government. Ÿ That members urge Myanmar to provide greater access to UN agencies and INGOs into areas of narcotic production concern to provide assistance for former poppy farmers, including through the timely provision of necessary visas for international staff.

5428/11 FM/fm 31 ANNEX 2 DG H 3A EN Ÿ That members encourage Myanmar and its neighbours, chiefly China and Thailand, at the bilateral level and, where appropriate, in multilateral fora to continue to work closely with each other on counter-narcotics strategies. Ÿ That members encourage Myanmar’s neighbours to work more closely with the international organisations engaged in counter-narcotics in Myanmar. Ÿ That members seek to strengthen their assistance for alternative development (income substitution, community development, construction of infrastructure) in former poppy- growing areas, both in the areas declared opium free (Kokang and Wa) and in the current centres of opium production in southern and eastern Shan State. Other donor countries should be encouraged to look at strengthening their assistance in these areas. Ÿ That members continue to support the provision of emergency assistance for the immediate needs of former poppy growers facing the loss of their primary income. Ÿ That members continue support for building human resources capacity and to scale up HIV prevention and treatment services for drug users, in particular injecting drug users.

That members remain alert to the impact of recent and future political developments on counter- narcotics efforts, particularly in Shan State.

5428/11 FM/fm 32 ANNEX 2 DG H 3A EN ANNEX 3

Vietnam Country Report - Mini-Dublin Group December 2010 (updated parts of the report is shown in below)

Enumeration of major bilateral and multilateral CN programs

Japan

There have not been any narcotics trafficking case from Vietnam to Japan ever since the 2001 heroin trafficking case by sea. In Japan, approximately 80 % of the drug trafficking arrests are ATS (Amphetamine Type Stimulants) cases, although heroin cases tend to increase in recent years. The recent increase in ATS trafficking cases in Vietnam will be a trend to which we should pay attention.

The Japanese Government promotes the “human security” as one of the main pillars of the development aid policy and considers the drug control very important. It continues to cooperate with Vietnamese Government in their efforts to control drugs through UNODC programs and by ODA programs.

1. Japanese contributions to the UNODC programs in Vietnam in Japanese FY2009 are as follows:

(1) Consolidation and Enhancement of the Border Liaison Office Mechanism (BLO) in East Asia (RAS/I61, Mar. 2007 through Dec. 2009)

The BLO concept has proven to be instrumental in creating effective drug enforcement through cross-border cooperation. The aim of the project is to further strengthen and expand the capacity of law enforcement to exchange information in border locations where drug related and transnational crimes are prevalent. The encouragement of a cooperative spirit leading to the exchange of operational information/intelligence will be achieved through: specialized training, improved communications and information flow, joint meetings and support to senior management leading to increased geographical coverage and expanded substantive BLO cooperation. Training includes intelligence gathering and analysis, human trafficking and money laundering. Basic equipment, primarily communications related are provided to support and strengthen the BLOs.

5428/11 FM/fm 33 ANNEX 3 DG H 3A EN The project would result in the establishment of 46 new BLOs among MOU countries, including Vietnam, and neighbouring countries and the strengthening and continued running of 44 established BLOs. A total of 90 BLOs will directly benefit from the project. The project is in line with the Strategic Programme Framework approved by EXCOM on 9 February 2004.

The Japanese Government contributed to this program implemented in Thailand, Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia and China with a funding of U.S. $200,000.

(2) Support for developing effective ATS preventive strategies and measures for East Asia: A pilot in Vietnam (VNM/J93, Dec. 2008 through Dec. 2010)

While some countries in East Asia have already been facing serious ATS abuse problems, it appears that until now the situation has not reached the same extent in Vietnam. However, the problem is increasing, especially among the youth which occupies a large segment of the population in Vietnam. It is therefore an urgent task to take effective prevention measures before the problem spreads further among the young population.

This project aims at supporting the Government of Vietnam to develop effective ATS prevention strategies and measures targeting high risk population, particularly young people. Firstly, the project focuses on conducting an assessment of the current ATS situation in the country, providing an overall picture of the magnitude and the nature of the problem as well as evidence-based information necessary for developing targeted intervention measures. Secondly, the project develops and implements pilot ATS prevention program in selected sites in Vietnam, based on the results of the situation assessment.

The result of the situation assessment will be shared nationally and regionally in a seminar to be attended by various stakeholders.

The Japanese Government contributed to this program with a funding of U.S. $150,000

(3) Global Synthetics Monitoring: Analyses, Reporting and Trends (SMART) Programme (GLO J88 ) The Global SMART Programme aims at enhancing the capacity of Member States and authorities in priority regions to generate, manage, analyse and report synthetic drug information and apply the knowledge to the design of policy and programme interventions. The quality and quantity of information available at a national level will be improved in an incremental fashion by mapping national information sources and networks and strategically enhancing the capacity of counterpart authorities through technical support, training and the provision of infrastructure.

5428/11 FM/fm 34 ANNEX 3 DG H 3A EN Regional information exchange will be improved by strengthening and expanding selected information exchange mechanisms (ex Drug Abuse Information Network for Asia and the Pacific (DAINAP) and the Asia and Pacific ATS Information Centre (APAIC) in East Asia), and by developing similar mechanisms where they do not exist. Annual situation assessments will be produced in each priority region, information will be made available online, patterns will be mapped and a mechanism will be developed to report emerging trends around the globe. The Global SMART Programme will focus on these objectives and functions in an ongoing ''rolling'' incremental manner, with core operations starting in UNODC Headquarters and regional teams in East Asia and the Pacific, and then scale-up with regional teams to other priority regions including South Asia, Gulf States, Northern and Southern Africa and the Americas, as resources become available, taking into account results achieved, emerging circumstances and evolution of needs. The main purpose of the present revision is to extend the duration of the project to December 2012 and increase the total approved budget in preparation for the roll-out of the second phase of operations (i.e. Americas and Pacific). The description of the outputs was simplified and updated but their substance has not changed. The Japanese Government contributed to this program with a funding of U.S. $320,000.

2. Japanese Government cooperated with Vietnamese Government in Japanese FY 2009 in the following ODA programs:

(1) Follow-up activities for Regional Cooperation Project on Capacity Building of Drug Analysis for Improvement of Drug Law Enforcement

The follow-up activities were conducted in line with the Regional Cooperation Project on Capacity Building of Drug Analysis for Improvement Drug Law Enforcement by the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), Thailand Office and the Office of Narcotic Control Board (ONCB) of Thailand based on the needs of the drug analysis and database utilization required by the counterpart institutions in Laos and Myanmar. Among the activities, JICA Vietnam Office entrusted the local company, Tramat Co., Ltd., to conduct the maintenance work of the gas chromatography provided by the project in Laos and Myanmar in November and December 2009, respectively.

5428/11 FM/fm 35 ANNEX 3 DG H 3A EN (2) Drug control related seminars and training courses

In FY2009, a Vietnamese expert participated to a JICA group training course titled Study Programme on Drug Abuse and Narcotics Control for the period from June 15 to July 12, 2009 in Japan.

Spain

Concerning the fight against human trafficking, Spain is currently financing two projects, one with the Centre for Women and Development (Vietnam Women's Union) and one with AFESIP (Association Femmes en Situation Precaire). The first project includes the establishment of a Recovery Shelter for those who have been subjected to human trafficking (Centre for women and children victims of human trafficking) and a broad action plan which aims at reinforcing the system of reference, the integration of the country's anti-trafficking network and the services for the victims and victims' reintegration, including communication and prevention. The duration of this project is 2009-2012 and the funds allocated by AECID (Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation) are 733.000 euros. The project with AFESIP, an NGO which works with the victims of human trafficking in Ho Chi Minh City, also funded by AECID, includes prevention, protection, recovery and reintegration of victims of human trafficking.

AECID is also member of the Reintegration Network, a platform formed by the Government, national and international NGOs and the donor community, that aims to update information on the reception, support and reintegration of victims of human trafficking in order to provide inputs to the 2011-2015 Plan of the Department of Social Evils Prevention (Ministry of Labour, Invalids and Social Affairs) and to the reintegration section in the draft of the Law on Human Trafficking.

______

5428/11 FM/fm 36 ANNEX 3 DG H 3A EN