Management in Practice in the Context Of

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Electronics and Comm. BBA B. Sc-CSIT׀ Civil ׀ BE Computer Message from Chairperson

I am glad to know that KCC’s BBA students are maintaining the legacy of intellect by publishing the fth volume of in-house magazine ‘The Management Scholar’. In addition to the numerous achievements of the college this is yet another milestone in our curricular and co-curricular activities. The college magazine is a forum which could aptly be used for recording events, memories, and exhibiting creative literary skills.I believe this initiation will be able to exclusively churn out the latent writing talent, nurture our student’s critical thinking and analysis skills, and sharpen their communication skill as part of their overall development. I’m highly inspired to witness the potential of our students unfolding atvarious stages and this remarkable publication exempli es their voyage to become ‘a professional with human Suman Katawal Chairman values’.On this occasion, I convey my best wishesto the KCC’s BBA students, and faculty in their endeavors. Congratulations to the contributors and the editorial team for their unwavering eorts in bringing out this magazine.

Message from MD

I am truly impressed by the excellent initiative of our BBA Students (Batch 2012) to publish the fth issue of the “Management Scholars”. The publication of the magazine sets another milestone of creativity and potentiality. This project sharpens analytical thinking and rapport building capacity of the students and provides greater opportunities, challenges and responsibilities. On behalf of the college management, I would like to express my sincere appreciation and support for continuity of this remarkable work. Likewise, junior students will obviously be inspired and motivated from this work. I wish for continued success of this wonderful magazine and look forth to similar contributions from the next batch students as well.

Pralhad Karki Managing Director

Message From Principal

To see the continuation of this magazine by the BBA department is a matter of pleasure and pride. The dedication and commitment of the students is a joy to watch. Over the years, this magazine has provided a platform for BBA students at KCC that has in many ways shaped their career ahead. I see this magazine as a wonderful gift by our students, for which we are always thankful to them. I sincerely wish the team the best for their future.

Rabi Shrestha Principal

Message From BBA Co-ordinator

“A desire can change nothing, a decision can change something but a determination changes everything.” It is a matter of great pride that the management scholar’s magazine has been made consistent progress year after year and it becomes the culture of KCC. This 5th issue of the management scholars showcases the students and teachers ideas and displays their creative talents and I am sure this magazine will both be informative and resourceful. Moreover, this magazine helps to expand the horizons of knowledge. I congratulate my students for their hard work and dedication in making the magazine published and I wish you all the best for achieving greater success in your education and career ahead.

Dinesh Basnet Co-ordinator The Management Scholars Team EDITORIAL

Editor Management Scholars came to existence with the Binisha Sharma vision of our seniors and the encouragement of Ajay Tamla our faculty in Kantipur City College. With 4 years of Pappu Kumar Jaiswal experience, it has gained remarkable experience and exposure. We believe that the publication of Co-ordinator this volume will be a new milestone for this Bimal Ghimire magazine as well as the individuals involved. Binita Khatri Management Scholars was envisioned as the Treasurer way to mobilize our education and to get practical Sandip Basnet knowledge. Its contents are the reection of current scenario with articles on current issues and Marketing interviews of important gures. It is the collection Ajay Tamla of experiences of respected individuals in Alisha Pokhrel management eld as well as the aspirations of the Asmita Timilsina students. Bimal Ghimire Binita Khatri Chandrkala Rijal We are very thankful to all the organizations that Pappu Kumar Jaiswal helped us nancially by providing their Sandip Basnet advertisements, and to the individuals who Selicha K.C. contributed their valuable articles. We express Urusha Buda Magar sincere gratitude to the personalities who contributed their valuable time for interviews. We Members are indebted to the management of Kantipur City Dipendra Kumar Yadav College for their support and encouragement. Ruplal Budhathoki Sanju K.C.

Advisory committee Dinesh Basnet Raju Kattel Saligram Aryal Puja Pokharel

Sushan Shrestha-Photographer

UltraByte International Pvt. Ltd.- Magazine Design -

Special Thanks To Mina Karki- Admin & Finance co-ordinator Rajiv Timsina- Chief Administrator Bhupal Man Budhathoki- Finance Ocer & Whole KCC Family

Management Scholars Team Kantipur City College BBA Batch 2012 CONTENTS How (not) to Manage Post-Quake Reconstruction 1 Concentration the Key to Sucess 4 How would You 4 Ambani the Investor 6 Vultures 8 Need of Extended Diplomacy in Changing State of Aairs 10 Treak to Tilicho Lake 11 The History of Bhat-Bhatani 12 Is the Name of your Company Important for Success? 12 Nepali Film Industry 13 Human's best Friend 14 Life and Management 15 What is Business? 15 Things to Start in 20's to Write Satisfying Chapter 16 Money Management Techniques 17 Leadership: The Backbone of Management 18 Jomsom Muktinath as a Dream Destination 19 Skill of Business Communication for a Successful Entrepreneur 20 Knowledge Management 22 Cultural Program and Management 23 Fashion, A World In Itself 24 A Glimpse of a Ghale Gau 26 Educationdiet 27 Interview with Anil Parajuli 28 Her Entangle Life 31 31 Human Resources Management System Practices in Nepalese Organizations 32 MCPU as a Facilitator 37 Criticism of the Capitalism by Marxism 38 Analysis of Food Delivery Market of Nepal 40 Capital Market of Nepal 42 Life as as Engineering Student 43 Challanges of Higher Education in Nepal 44 Are you a Leader? 46 Majestic Mountains around the Capital 48 hamroresult.com 50 Better be a Leader 51 Conict Management and Role of Youth 52 Supply Chain Management 53 Management in Practice in the Context of Nepal 54 Rastrya Punarnirmaan ma Jutau 55 Helping Hand of Dhurmus and Suntali 55 Agriculture 57 e-sewa 58 Failure The Pillar of success 60 Remedies for Better Vat Collection 61 Shedding Lights on Cyber Crime, Law and Ethics 62 Mobile: A life Changing Gadget 65 Income tax provisions for 2073/74 66 Banking Fraud 69 BBA, Batch 2012 70 Gallary 71

Volume 5, Issue 5 l Students Magazine 2016

HOW (NOT) TO MANAGE

R.K. Regmee, Chair, School of Humanities And Social Science, KCC ?

A quick survey of the post-quake have, among other resources, (2016-20), a scheme designed to reconstruction works in Nepal been used extensively in this complete of quake-damaged reveals varied scenarios ranging process, the managers of the structures – individual houses, from optimistic to frustrating. country do not know how to utilize heritage, Schools and health posts Three of them emerge as promi them for better results, sustain- - in five years into meaningful nent for people interested in man- ability, integrated settlements reality in five years. It failed to agement. with guaranteed infrastructure appreciate the quake survivors' services and capacity to cope with plight in a human way. As a result In areas where government has future disasters. Experts are too whatever it has done so far has not not been able to reach, people busy to pay attention to the sense been responsive to the urgent have applied their natural instinct of determination, dedication and need of the people left tattered by of building a basic structure of attachment contributes to the quake. It has also not been able to what could be termed shelter for cause of reconstruction. structure a functional administra- protection from cold and heat tive network for co-ordanating to through either self-help or NRA: Encased in Confusion prioritze and exipedite overall re next-door-neighborly support or a The National Reconstruction construction hand from kith and kin. Many in Authority, the main body estab- Media reports extensively suggest villages and also cities affected by lished on December 25, 2015 to that quake survivors are in most the 2015-deadly earthquake preside over the whole post-quake deplorable state to stand any followed this track and carried on reconstruction, is simply lost in more the winter cold and mon- their lives in a sort of primitive processing its process-oriented (as soon rain and storm and heat in way. opposed to performance–focused) between. Yet, the government is functioning and has not been able busy politicizing the NRA and Details about the trend remain to earn basic trust from the giving the impression that the unknown for there is none to government and the public whole issue of post-quake recon- study or record the phenomenon. despite being visible in existence struction is nothing more than a Although local enthusiasm, for a full year. It appears it is matter of convenience to solidarity, fellow-feeling, activism, confused about ways to translate psychological and social capital Post-Disaster Recovery Framework politleaders and parties in power.

Kantipur City College Page 1 Students Magazine 2016 l Issue 5, Volume 5 How (not) to manage post-quake re-onstruction Evidences for this could be clearly seen in the way • Legality, transparency of all works NRA had three CEOs in a period between August 15, 2015 and January 11, 2017. Initial indifference of major parties in giving ordinance related to NRA continuity by a parliamentary bill-approval indicated lack of seriousness. The appointment of a CEO on December 25, 2015 as per the convenience of then PM demonstrated ruling party's partisan approach to reconstruction. Dismissal of the same nearly 13 months later by another PM and reappointment of a former CEO on January 11, 2017 also denoted nothing new but the replication of partisan way of functioning. There is no way to guarantee that the cycle of changing CEO of NRA will not get repeated with another change in government-leadership in future.

Instability in top of NRA has a number of adverse and, in most cases, multiplier effects. It has not allowed the body to concentrate on its main functions particularly facilitating the reconstruction in multi-faceted sectors in quake affected areas. The body has not been able to be true to its recovery vision: "well planned, resilient settlements and a prosperous society". It has failed to be proactive in achieving the strategic objectives for the reconstruction program – "Safe structures, Social cohesion, Access to services, Livelihood support, and Capacity building" (of state to respond to people and recover from future disasters).

Moreover, efforts could not be made for compensat- ing the loss of first eight months after the deadly quake and pressing the government to take reconstruction as a priority area of governance. The need for mobilizing government agencies, local level bodies, NGOs, INGOs, engineers (technicians, builders), planners, financiers (donors, Finance Ministry, Special Fund Authority), victims and social activists for the campaign of reconstruction could neither be realized nor communicated properly. Apathetic trends could be felt in every step that NRA took.

The parameters suggested by experts who drew lessons from some foreign post disaster reconstruction were simply sidelined. Most important among them were:

• Valuing local communities, engaging them in reconstruction works (from planning to implementation),

• Preserving local cultural heritage,

• Time-bound quick reconstruction, better reconstruction with careful consideration for natural hazards

• Strategic and sustainable plan for cities and villages

• Room for responsible innovation

Page 2 Kantipur City College How (not) to manage post-quake re-onstruction Volume 5, Issue 5 l Students Magazine 2016 Actually the way the government is driving the scheme The way Dhurmus –Suntali model of reconstruction of post-quake reconstruction demonstrates features of practically shown could be appropriate for reconstruc- mess and mismanagement. Quake victims are not in tion in villages and cities in all quake affected districts. focus. The public impression of rebuilding, as created The care taken in developing opportunities for future by government authority, has been confined to just economic growth, integrated availability of basic applying for rebuilding grant, struggling to get it in services in the areas should be appreciated. The disas- installment as per the convenience of grant-endorsing ter resistant reconstruction the model emphasizes is official. Rebuilding has not been taken as an opportu- also highly relevant to various areas for Nepal. Man- nity for building New Nepal – producing new comfort- agement of resources and time in reconstruction could able cities and villages with easy integrated availability be termed another prominent feature of the model. of infrastructure services and due preservation of The model has already emerged as a torch-bearer in traditional arts and culture of old settlements. guiding reconstruction in quake damaged areas. Future builders could refer to it as they prepare their roadmap for reconstruction. The model could be helpful for Non-Resident Nepali Association which has already started reconstruction of 573 houses in Gopsipakha, Gorkha with running water facilities and solar panels for electricity, buildings for health post, school and community-socializing and a Gurung-museum. Some more builders will also be motivated by the model in future. Way forward

The post-quake reconstruction in Nepal should be undertaken as a priority social campaign. Whatever is done under it should be transparent. The way to make reconstruction accountable, transparent could be Dhurmus-Suntali way of reconstruction ensured by the following:

As a contrast to the disarray mentioned above, two • Participatory decision making Nepali comedians Sitaram Kattel and Kunjana Ghimire are steering the rebuilding in an exemplary manner • Transparency and monitoring of resource (aid)-flow through the Foundation dubbed after their TV-seri- (it includes allocation and distribution) al-comedy-character-names –Dhurmus and Suntali. Because of their dedicated efforts marked for efficien- • Transparency, monitoring and evaluation of cy and effectiveness in management, 56 villagers-all procurement and service delivery quake victims- are currently living in three-room houses with separate kitchens, bathrooms, and • Effective enforcement and complaint handling spacious verandahs in Giranchaur village, Sindhupal- chok while their fellow survivors in thousands of villag- Transparency ensured thus will be helpful in realizing es are compelled to pass chilly nights in winter under the spirit and goal of the Post Disaster Recovery Frame- worn-out tents for the second year in a row after the work. Will managers concerned take this into consider- 7.5 magnitude –April 25, 2015 earthquake. ation as they go on doing their job in future?

The Giranchaur settlement, with five childrens’ parks, a community building and 65 houses with solar power, drinking water and Internet facilities, today, stands as a model for earthquake resistant hill-side integrated settlement. Kattel and Ghimire had initially built 19 model houses in quake-damaged Paharigaun in Kavre. The inspiration drawn from this initiative motivated them to mobilize resources for rebuilding Giranchaur. The duo is now replicating their rebuilding settlement model in a Musahar community of Terai in Mahottari district. The settlement, the third venture of the Foun- dation in 21 months after the deadly quake will have a complex of 50 houses with a community building, a temple and a garden – all equipped with provisions for being friendly to children and to the disabled. It is expected to be completed by mid-April, 2017 at the cost of 47.8 million rupees.

Kantipur City College Page 3 Nilisha Bajracharya BBA Batch 2015, KCC

The magic key to success is “concentration”. It is a 13 lettered word which has tremendous power that In a nutshell, concentration is the capacity to direct transforms life to a tornado. No doubt, failure is the the attention maintaining balance with one’s will. It is part of success in life. Despite the differences, success the ability to help the mind focus on one subject, and failure encompass some common aspects. One of object or thought and exclude other unrelated ideas, the key common factors for both success and failure is feelings and sensations from the mind. concentration. Concentration can be defined as “the ability to direct one’s thinking in whatever direction one would intend”.

With concentration one can achieve mindfulness. In recent years, mindfulness has been shown to improve our brain’s networks between Attentional and Medial frontal regions that keep us away from distractions. Mindfulness, also, helps our attention networks work better and with less interruption.

Controlling your thoughts means exercising a higher Ajay Tamla level of control over every aspect of your life. BBA Batch 2012, KCC Controlling thoughts generally can be compared to piercing a sheet of thin paper with a blunt pencil How would you know, when you have never tried? which is certainly tricky and the paper will very often To transcend common into masterpiece, once in your life simply tear. However, if the pencil is sharp, the point can pierce the sheet of paper very easily leaving a How would you understand, when you have never dared? small neat hole. To risk for dreams, give a chance, for them to come true

For instance, different traffic circumstances call for How would you make do, without inspiration commitment and diverse levels of concentration. On the road, normally patience? the major focus of attention is the car in front, even To reaﬃrm yourself, your reality shaped from your epic imagination though it is essential to be aware of vehicles coming in the reverse way. Similarly, while umpiring in cricket, How would you, without refusal to stagnant life of ease? each umpire need to focus on every delivery and at Cultivate meaningful industry and truly so live the same time s/he has to concentrate on other events as soon as the game begins. How would you, be successful, be the person you want to be? Without a rudder in your life, a vison of your own, of what you will Concentration has numerous uses and benefits. It become helps out in studying, enables faster understanding, improves the memory power, assists to focus on a task How would you? So, I ask. You! as I have been asking myself or goal, and then, achieving them more effortlessly. It repeatedly is a potent tool for the well-organized use of creative Who would gain so much? if you gave all to yourself, your heart, visualization, and it also aids in developing psychic your mind, truly… powers.

Page 4 Kantipur City College

Students Magazine 2016 l Issue 5, Volume 5 alcohol bottles of his drunken father lying beneath the only bed in the room. Selling the bottles, he gets a small amount next morning. Then, the journey begins, with this almost laughable amount, which he uses again and again with innovative and simple ideas.

Instead of enjoying the small initial profit and making immediate use thereafter, he hires an old bicycle and starts vending milk. With his bicycle he wins the vendor’s trust and earns a little more money. Ambani The Investor He still refuses to halt and “ A Film Name: Ambani the Investor enjoy the profit, in fact Genre: Drama, Life moves on to next level Must Star cast: MASTER MANOJ, G.MURTHY KSHAN PASHA, which in economic term VISHNU V PRASANNA, PRAJWAL called as improving and Watch” Directed by: Vinod Nag expanding.Passing through Produced by: VISHNU V PRASANNA level after level, with his Language: Hindi effort he finally makes it to Subtitles: No 138 Indian rupees. He Duration: 18.15 Minutes traverses a journey from Release Date: 23 October 2014 some old thrown bottles to Production Company: KANASU CREATIONS DBT PRODUCTION earning 138 rupees. The lesson is simple saving is better than consuming, investing is better than Ajay Tamla saving, wisely and continu- BBA Batch 2012, KCC ously investing is better The award winning short film neous success as demonstrated by the than one-time-investing. “Ambani the Investor” is a must-see protagonist Ambani the investor Plus, ultimately an investor movie for people of all ages. Rather himself. Furthermore, in a profound should take active partici- than watching three hours long tactics, this movie lambastes in each pation in the investment block-buster movies or films with pause and action, our very own activity taking risk in and glossy and ostentatious plots, this 18 perspective about work itself which is expect return only in the minutes’ creative, realistic and considered derogatory that truly end. This active role not by-far-amazing movie is highly recom- requires manual efforts, simply put only gives meaning to the mended and is worth every second. “work which dirties our hands” in the investors’ existence in a You can easily watch the movie on mind of most educated and refined sense of wealth maximiza- YouTube. It especially inspires unem- people as we believe ourselves to be tion but also transcends ployed enthusiastic youths and poten- in this side of ocean that we live in. him to a highly valued tial entrepreneurs to reconsider their market player who is ace in belief of limited options that impede The story of the film begins in a small the volatile market scenar- dreams of the startup/s which can dark room enlightened by a tradition- io itself. actually shape the reality. Also, this al lantern which is the only source of film with its illustrative theme focuses light. It is kept on a mattress beside a As the film ends, there is on the value of understanding as well young boy; of course Ambani (the this silent-intense-sus- as the importance of practicing each protagonist) sits and writes. The pense scene, when his minuscule step of ordinary tasks that lantern depicts the budding hope of a drunken father swaggers are normally disregarded, for boy to rise as financial mogul, one of into the room, where instance, tasks which teaches invalu- richest men in the world. He explores Ambani is just in the able lessons for life to an aspiring the opportunities despite threats process of saving entrepreneur, such as the task of come en-route. Eventually, the real hard-earned cash in his smart hard work and ultimate sponta- plot begins when he notices the used ‘dubba-bank’ (piggy bank).

Page 6 Kantipur City College Ambani The Investor Volume 5, Issue 5 l Students Magazine 2016 This scene creates a wonder, a The importance of initiative, those who do not as the slogan of curious expectation on the side of relation building, commitment Nike says “Just do it!” to fly high. audience. The silent looks and the along with consistency towards intent look between father and work and little rewarding in short To sum up, the film begins with a son passes, just two of them in term are just some few lessons very simple but profound idea that room. Will the father grab the that film teaches. To be different, (bottle), spontaneous initiative cash and beat him senselessly? Or cultivating these qualities are and management of money (bicy- not?However, it is amazing how enough. Furthermore, this film cle) and assets gained (milk and his father breaks the silence even- questions our blind belief on the tea). And, while investing passes tually. He laughs off and with the firmly embedded financial institu- through awareness to opportunity silent gesture of his hands tells tions which we think are the key (map), then, makes capital as that his hard-earned money is determinants to economic pros- security (newspaper) and prioritiz- completely his own. Thus, with perity. Also, the necessity of teaches work itself (rejecting money this happy understanding plot er or guide who should lead us and accepting newspaper). It also between an always drunken but providing tutelage towards the includes portfolio management or understanding father and the path of success in terms of person- in common term diversification clever but solitary boy who breaks al career or social standing or (bottle, milk, newspaper etc.) and his record for the day, the film earning money itself is ques- ultimately the acceptance as well closes its curtain. tioned. First, we need to believe in as satisfaction by the end of the ourselves, see the big picture, day which is rewarding and worth- The point to be noted on a scene think within the box and while. in the middle of the film is when implement the ideas we believe in. he is offered money for his hard Though the idea may seem stupid You will truly understand what this work. Instead of the mon- or humiliating at first, one need to article is summing up when you ey-in-hand he seeks for the oppor- carry self-esteem within the mind watch it yourself and learn from tunity which is how he gains trust like a baggage and humbly sell the the first-hand-experience when and respect from the idea to indifferent, ignorant and you watch the film itself. street-news-vendor. potential customers. It’s a big difference to those who do and

Kantipur City College Page 7 VULTURES

Mr. Anuj Ghimire, Zoologist, Lecturer – Trichandra College

Vultures play a very "Sky Burial”.called mid 1990s. The majority ture restaurants have important role in the "Diclofenac”, there has of declines of three been established in Ecosystem. They are the been huge decline in resident species are- the various part of the Coun- Scavengers capable of vulture population. White Rumped, the Slen- try to provide the rapidly consuming Dicolfenac is a drug used der-billed and Long Vultures with Diclofenac carcasses and preventing to treat livestock. Billed Vulture. free carcasses. The pollution. A carcass Vultures that feed upon vulture restaurant in would rot in the open Diclofenac treated According to (Prakash et Nawalparasi is one of its field and turn into pollut- carcasses die from the al. 2007) White Rumped kind, but at present ant if it is not consumed effects of diclofenac-in- Vultures have declined there are around 11 by vultures. The carrion duced kidney failure. by 99.9% from 1992 to vulture restaurants would then attract flies, Diclofenac has been 2007, which is more than (Chitwan, Kailali, Rupan- rats and would eventual- banned since June of an alarming rate. dehi, Pokhara) and ly risk the health of 2006 by the Nepal Research works done in various organization humans and other Government. Instead of Nepal (Baral et al. 2004) devoted in the field of animals. But, the Carrion Diclofenac, Meloxicam suggests that the vulture conservation are feeding animals such as has been encouraged to declines in the number aiming to open up such vultures clean them for use. Vulture Conserva- of vultures in Nepal is no establishment in other us. They are the cleaner tion Action Plan for less, with more than 90% part of the country as of the ecosystem, feed- Nepal (2009-2013) is a decrease in total popula- well, which is a very ing upon the dead and part of the greater effort tion till 2001. As a conse- good initiative for the the decayed and keep of the Government of quence of catastrophic conservation of vultures. our environment clean. Nepal. declines in vulture popu- In recent years, vulture Not only that, they have lation, these three Gyps restaurants have played been used by many Just within Nepal, vulture species were a great role with their societies in Nepal and Pakistan and India there listed by IUCN, the World effort in conservation of Tibet for crematory has been over 97% ConservationUnion, in this beautiful creature. purposes also known as decline in total popula- 2000 as Critically Endan- tion of vultures since gered (IUCN 2007)."Vul-

Nepal has 9 species of Vultures, amongwhich 5 of them are globally threatened.

Lammergeier (Gypaetusbarbatus)Near Threatened Egyptian vulture (Neophronpercnopterus)Endangered White-rumped vulture (Gyps bengalensis)Critically Endangered Indian vulture (Gyps indicus)Critically Endangered Slender-billed vulture (Gyps tenuirostris)Critically Endangred Himalayan griffon (Gyps himalayensis)Near Threatened Eurasian griffon (Gyps fulvus)Least Concern Cinereous vulture (Aegypiusmonachus)Near Threatened Red-headed vulture (Sarcogypscalvus)Critically endangered

Page 8 Kantipur City College

Students Magazine 2016 l Issue 5, Volume 5

Yek Raj Pathak Need of Extended Diplomacy in Changing Senior lecturer, MAMCJ, KCC State of Affairs In the final week of November, Dr. ing. It shows that the pace of further developed. Apart from Prakash Sharan Mahat, Minister expansion in diplomatic relation several assistance of Australian for Foreign Affairs of Nepal and has been geared down. Government in Nepal, support for Murray McCully, Minister of the development of the forest is Foreign Affairs, New Zealand one of the important contribu- attended a bilateral meeting. This tions. Community forest in Nepal was the first high diplomatic level is considered as the perfect exam- meeting between the two coun- ple of development. tries. For that reason, the meeting for sure had a great significance. The meeting on December 24, in Apart from just a convention, it the capital City Canberra is consid- had other significance too. The ered significant by the diplomats two diplomats recalled about the 6 from both Nepal as well as Austra- decades older incidents of the two lia. Australia is one of the world’s countries. In 1953 A.D., at the prosperous and developed coun- apex of the mighty Mt. Everest the tries. The country has been national flags of Nepal and New supporting Nepal in several fields Zealand fluttered together. That and overall development including year on May 29, Edmund Hilary On the same week, Dr. Mahat also scholarship and other aids. How- from New Zealand and Tenzing met Julie Bishop, Australian Minis- ever, Nepal could not experience Norgey from Nepal became ter for Foreign Affairs. Looking high diplomatic meeting of foreign successful to reach at the top of thoroughly, the two diplomats ministers with such an important the Everest and the national flags from the two countries after a long country. Partaking in the 40 of Nepal and New Zealand waved time had a high diplomatic meet- minutes long meeting as a together at the highest peak on ing. The high-level meeting of member, I easily felt the friendli- the earth. On November 28, foreign ministers has not been ness. In the event, Dr. Mahat during the meeting Minister for mentioned in news in few thanked Australian Government Foreign Affairs Dr. Mahat when decades. In 2041 B.S., king Biren- for the assistance in the sectors talked about the same context, dra during his visit to Australia such as economic, social, educa- New Zealand’s Foreign Minister, talked with curious professor tional and so on. Along with that, Murray smiled and said, “Definite- about forests at Thokarpa, Sind- Dr. Mahat showed his gratitude for ly, we are old Friends”. The two upalchok which made the king providing support in the rescue citizens from the two countries for speechless. Actually, the forest operation during earthquake in the first time reached at the top of was cultivated by a citizen. In 2031 Nepal. Moreover, Minister Bishop the world’s highest peak which B.S., local social worker in Sindh- mentioned about the assistance of was globally disseminated. Then upalchok Nil Prasad Bhandari culti- Australian Government in the after, rather than talking about vated the jungle and it was the economic and technical sectors of New Zealand’s diplomatic relation first jungle introduced in the Nepal. The minister assured that with Nepal, the incident is includ- private sector in Nepal which was Australian government is forever ed in general knowledge. And, studied by the Australian profes- ready to provide any required therefore, because of the incident sor. Later, the king returned Nepal assistance for the development of people are compelled to utter the and visited the jungle. Also, King Nepal. Minister Bishop shared her name of the two countries Birendra ordered to follow the happiness for attending the bilat- promptly. Yet, the two countries model of forest in Thokarpa all eral meeting. Besides, she also could not exchange continuous over Nepal which consequently discussed about political issues of meeting and after over six decades became the mediumfor develop- Asia and SAARC. Furthermore, the the foreign ministers from the ing community forest in Nepal. minister was highly interested in countries had a diplomatic meet- Because of the incident, the post reconstruction and reha- Nepal-Australia forest project bilitation as well as the difficulties

Page 10 Kantipur City College Volume 5, Issue 5 l Students Magazine 2016 that Nepal encountered after the earthquake. With curiosity, she asked about the progress in the rehabili- Treak to Tilicho Lake tation and assistance to the earthquake victims.

Likewise, Dr. Mahat requested to establish visa section Satish Khatiwoda in Nepal as many students from Nepal face problems BE Electronic Batch 2012, KCC to travel New Delhi even though Australian embassy is set in Nepal. Agreeing on Nepal’s proposal, Minister Bishop said that she would present the issue to the concerned authority. Australian Government has been helping in the various sectors like hydropower, micro entrepreneurship, income generating program, community forest, education and technology. Dr. Mahat invited minister Bishop for visiting Nepal. She enthusi- astically accepted the invitation and promised to visit Nepal when time favors. Dr. Mahat also met with Concetta Fierravanti-Wells, Minister for International Development and the Pacific in Australia's Federal Coalition Government. In the event, they discussed on When it comes to trekking in Nepal, many believe it the investment and assistance for development of to be an adventure. Nepal offers plenty of trekking Nepal. Minister Wells asked about the effects of routes to travel and explore. Our country is a nature’s climate change and post rehabilitation after the earth- masterpiece with brightness in every edge. In my quake. In the meeting with New Zealand’s Foreign experience, from 20th September to 30th September, Minister, Murray the issues like investment in hydro- I was in Tilicho lake trekking with my two other power, assistance in agriculture, and increment in friends. Starting from Kathmandu, we drove to Besisa- scholarship were highlighted. Thousands of Nepalis har and drove for four hours to Chamje. The monsoon have been working in the agricultural sector in New was not over and the mountain off road was really Zealand. wonderful for us.

Nepal is neither economically nor in any terms a During the trek, the view of the Manaslu Himal was strong country. The national interest of Nepal could amazing and mesmerizing. From Chame, the view of only be achieved with the balanced diplomatic meet- the Lamjung Himalaya was really beautiful. The high ing. For this, Nepal should be strong diplomatically. hills and landscape around the Pisang village were Diplomacy is not only the calculation of donations and breathtaking. The weather was very good that assistance provided by the foreign countries. It does allowed us to see beautiful Annapurna Second, have diplomatic feelings as well. Maintaining several Gangapura Himal and Tilicho peak from Manang. We decade long ties with New Zealand is possible only enjoyed walking for two hours on terrible and scary with meetings. The failure of former government is trekking trail from Shreekharka to Tilicho Base Camp. connected with diplomatic weakness. Therefore, It is not advisable to walk ahead during the rainfall. strong diplomacy should be the priority of this government. Country like Nepal can prosper with the Tilicho Base Camp is a small valley surrounded by the medium of optimistic and expansive diplomacy. beautiful mountains with amazing landscape. After 4 Consequently, constitution implementation, manage- hours trek, we arrived to beautiful Tilicho Lake set at ment of internal politics and national development the height of 4920 meters. It is the lake lying at the will pave its way. Thus, extended diplomacy is today’s highest elevation in the world. We enjoyed the fantas- necessity. tic view of beautiful Tilicho Lake. Do you love to be adventurous? Well, if you are nodding your head, then you are on a right path. Life is not all about working and fulfilling responsibilities, sometimes it is important to free ourselves and enjoy and connect with our inner side.

In context of Nepal, it has still much to offer. The beauty of our country, the friendliness of people and culture of our country around the world allures thousands of people. And wait, Nepal has much more to offer than just mountains. It possesses the deep religious and cultural traditions and more.

Kantipur City College Page 11 Students Magazine 2016 l Issue 5, Volume 5 The History of Bhat-Bhateni

Salu Maharjan BBA Batch 2015, KCC

The Bhat-Bhateni super market ing his university education. He Dharan and Narayanghat in April/- was established in 1984 A.D. and had the vision to develop a big May 2016 that set the benchmark now it has become Nepal's market especially retail so he left for the business with over 3500 number one leading retail in the his banking job to start his first combined staffs helping customer business sector where more than Bhat-Bhateni store in full time choose between 1,20,000 prod- 40,000 customers visit and shop capacity. ucts. daily. Mr. and Mrs. Min B. Gurung started Bhat-Bhateni cold-store in The first opening of Maharajgunj Over the next few years and a new 1984. Firstly, there was just a superstore in September 2008 warehouse unit has opened at single market, but now it has then three stores opened at Krish- Baluwatar. Having achieved more grown to 12 leading Bhat-Bhateni na –Galli, Pulchowk, in 2011 A.D. than most people could hope for super markets and departmental Similarly, Pokhara store opened in in a life time, Mr. Min B Gurung has stores in Kathmandu, Lalitpur, 2012 A.D., eventually Anamnagar, only just started an ambitious Pokhara, Dharan, and Narayang- Balaju, and Kalanki store opened expansion plan to open more new hat. As a son of a farmer with six in 2014 A.D. Furthermore, three stores in Kathmandu and eventual- siblings, Mr. Min B. Gurung began new stores were opened in United ly across Nepal. And, the story of the banking career after complet- World Trade Center (UWTC), Bhat-Bhateni has just begun.

Is the name of your company important for success? Chandra Kala Rijal BBA Batch 2012, KCC The Brand is a powerful aspect all you come to end up in dilemma. petitive has gained much populari- behind business growth. It’s amaz- Well, it’s your business name that ty in the virtual world of business ing how crucial a name can be for a first customers think about and accessing through the internet company’s success and percep- sets the scene about the product, whether you’re a small business tion; meaning it can completely informs your market and conse- owner or a young, industrialist, make or break a company. If quently, defines your business and extra money in your bank account looked around, the most success- its ideology. Entire relationships is only a few clicks away. Here, ful company such as Google, Uber, are dictated by the first impression what it matters is your domain of Facebook, Amazon etc are all the so be wise while choosing your your business websites you select businesses leaving a deep, eternal business name. Think of it as a first plays a monumental role. There- trademark among people that handshake; it says a lot about the fore, be careful while choosing the accounts to the negligible chance person and makes a powerful name because the right name can of forgetting. impression. make your business popular within a short time, the wrong one can You may wonder why one should Likewise, in today’s 21st era, doom your business before its choose a good business name and where business is stiff and com- stardom.

Page 12 Kantipur City College Students Magazine 2016 l Issue 5, Volume 5

Samikshya Khatri BBA Batch 2015, KCC Nepali Film Industry

Nepali film does not have a very long history, but has Height, Kabaddi Kabaddi, How Funny, Hostel etc. have its own place. It is often referred to "Nepali Chalachi- earned a lot of name and fame. The movie Kalo Pothi tra". The terms ‘Kollywood’ or ‘Kallywood’ are also hit the box office by earning NRs 1.11 crores just used as portmanteau of Kathmandu. Nepali film is within 10 days, Gajalu by Nrs. 1.2 lakhs in just 2 days, said to have begun with "AAMA" on October 7, How Funny by NRs.1.50 crores which prove that 1964.In the present context of Nepal, typically Nepali Nepali cinema is moving ahead with inclusion of inno- film cinema has a larger than real life story, broadly vative ideas. defined characters, multiple songs, fights sequences and a victory or reunion in the end. At present, Nepali Likewise, Nepali movies are considered almost equal movies have changed a lot and are establishing them- to Bollywood movies now days in terms of ideas and selves with a unique reputation in the entire Kolly- acting. Thus, it can be said that Nepali movies are wood film industry. flourishing compared to the past trends and helping in the development of Nepal's economy, culture as well Recently, the movies like Kalopothi, Loot, Chapali as social change.

Kantipur City College Page 13 When it comes to trekking in Nepal, many believe it to be an adventure. Nepal offers plenty of trekking routes to travel and explore. Our country is a nature’s masterpiece with brightness in every edge. In my experience, from 20th September to 30th September, I was in Tilicho lake trekking with my two other friends. Starting from Kathmandu, we drove to Besisa- har and drove for four hours to Chamje. The monsoon was not over and the mountain off road was really wonderful for us.

During the trek, the view of the Manaslu Himal was amazing and mesmerizing. From Chame, the view of the Lamjung Himalaya was really beautiful. The high hills and landscape around the Pisang village were breathtaking. The weather was very good that allowed us to see beautiful Annapurna Second, Gangapura Himal and Tilicho peak from Manang. We enjoyed walking for two hours on terrible and scary trekking trail from Shreekharka to Tilicho Base Camp. It is not advisable to walk ahead during the rainfall.

Tilicho Base Camp is a small valley surrounded by the beautiful mountains with amazing landscape. After 4 hours trek, we arrived to beautiful Tilicho Lake set at the height of 4920 meters. It is the lake lying at the highest elevation in the world. We enjoyed the fantas- tic view of beautiful Tilicho Lake. Do you love to be adventurous? Well, if you are nodding your head, then you are on a right path. Life is not all about working and fulfilling responsibilities, sometimes it is important to free ourselves and enjoy and connect with our inner side.

Students Magazine 2016 l Issue 5, Volume 5 Human’s Best Friend

Ruksana Shrestha BBA Batch 2015, KCC

With the word dog, many words The popular dogs such as Japanese and apartment. The price of a come together like loyalty, friend- Spitch, German shepherd, Golden popular pet falls in the range of Rs. ly, honesty and forgiveness.Simply, Retriever, Labrador, Pug etc. are 6000 to Rs. 200000 depending they are just pet animals or specially traded in the dog busi- upon the quality of the breed. domestic animals but in reality ness of Nepal. The kennel clubs they are a lot more than that. provide services like dog buying Likewise, according to Naomie Actually a member of your family and selling, dog breeding, counsel- Gurung manager of K9 Dog Train- or your best friend, who never ing services, pet health care and so ing and Care the mental health of complains, neither lets you down, on. pet depends on the opportunities and the reason for your happiness that encourage socialization. and laughter. It just needs a share Dog business has been booming a of your food and love. They have lot in Nepal at present. According In a few words, the dogs should be emotional attachments with to the newspaper The Kathmandu brought up in more convenient humans but these day's they are Post, Nepal’s kennel club house and warm environment. But it is used for business purpose too. around 30,000 local and imported very unfortunate to see that They help human economically breeds of dogs. For several kennel human are more interested in too. operators their business is seeing rearing special pets only, although 20% growth annually. According to there are many more dogs around Presently, in the world, there are Govinda Bastakoti, owner of Anna- their houses which also deserve billions of dog breeders as well as purna kennel club, the market is equal love as the special pets. in Nepal too. Some of them are worth Rs. 72 million annually. Human forget that they are also Royal Kennel Nepal, Dogs – Nepal, People used to prefer out door the same dogs, different from Mount Everest Kennel Club, ABC breeds before, but these days 90% outside but the same from inside. Kennel Club, The Kennel club etc. of the costumers asks for indoor So, do give lots of love for them breeds that are suitable for home too.

Page 14 Kantipur City College Volume 5, Issue 5 l Students Magazine 2016 Life and Management What is Basanta Gurung Business? BBA Batch 2016, KCC

“If you want to live a happy life, tie it to a goal. Not to people or things,” said Albert Einstein. Krishma Shrestha

BBA Batch 2016, KCC Generally, life means the state of being alive and surviving. But I think, life also means having fun and enjoying that state. Also, life Generally, business means an economic is full of struggles and experiences which we must tackle along activity that is done by human beings for with enjoyment of the positive parts. Life is like a camera, focus on the productivity and profitability. Busi- what is important, capture the good times and if things don’t work nesses can be categorized into different out take another shot. activities from simple to magnificent activities or industries. It may include We know life is not all about smiles but also about sorrows. Our relatives, neighbors, and friends and life is full of ups and downs, from which we all learn something soon engaged in one or the other new. Sometimes we have good days that we can’t ever forget and economic activities for their survival and some days are just bad, which we have to experience anyway and profitability. learn lessons. We should actually learn to be happy even in the bad days and be satisfied from life. Thus, we should manage our Literally business is a state of being life in such a way that can make us successful. busy. However, all kinds of busyness cannot be called as a business. To call it a Life management is something you shouldn’t miss. A good life business, there must be a busy activities management ensures that each aspect of the life grows as it having purpose of gaining profits by should. With it, it’s easier to achieve some significant personal taking risk of capital investment. Similar- growth. And the growth can be achieved if following points are ly, it means the complex field of com- followed: merce and industries and the network of the ancillary services, distribution, bank- 1. Make Goals ing, insurance, transport and soon, First you need to set up goals. It includes what you want to achieve which serves and interpenetrates the in your life. It gives you with a long term vision and motivation. world of business as a whole. Setting goals helps you to organize your time and resources, so that you can make the most out of your life. Talking about the objectives of the business, it provides services to the 2. Time Management customers and the society. However, Time management is life management. Time never stops for business cannot be conducted beyond anyone. It’s always running. When you manage your time, it can the society. And, the other aim of benefit in all areas of your life. conducting the business is to earn profits by attaining the production and supply 3. Healthy Food of offerings according to the desire, We all know about healthy eating. It makes positive impact in our willingness and ability of a consumer. life. Eating healthy food boosts your energy. It not only protects Business is an economic enterprise that you from different diseases but also maintains your overall health operates in social, political, cultural and and life. other environments. The purpose of any businesses should be facilitating the 4. Meditation customers and protecting their rights Lord Buddha once said, “No matter how hard the past, you can with inevitable growth.Thus in short, always begin again.” And, meditation is one of the greatest medi- business may be an economic activity cines of life. It reduces your stresses and improves concentration. which includes regular exchange or It increases happiness and positive aspect of life; it is one of the transfer of goods or services from one to most natural ways to improve your life. other with the medium known as the currency. Kantipur City College Page 15 Bimal Ghimire BBA Batch 2012, KCC

Page 16 Kantipur City College Volume 5, Issue 5 l Students Magazine 2016

-Saving and investing. -Getting out of the comfort zone. Either we earn a penny or a lump. Saving a part of it We’ll never live the life we desire, if we just enjoy our gives us instant access at any unfortunate circum- easiness. Eradicate fear, walk on, there are only two stances or scenarios. But saving is not a virtue as well. possibilities i.e. either success or failure. Failure shows It doesn’t make us wealthy, only a bulky one with that we are accomplishing things incorrectly some- infertile valuables. Such that in order to make saving where. Hence, rectify errors and give it another shot more fertile invest in the value maximizing assets like till you get the desirable results. Therefore, being business, stock, bonds, derivatives or so on. Besides stagnant will leads us nowhere. this investments in the value depreciating assets like luxury cars, furniture’s, or houses will degrade the financial status rather than enhancing.

Wake Up! Walk the way you like! be good but over doing will Party hard as you like! Go as fast as destruct all. So, just think and not you can! And soon, these are the over do it. The world is suffering principle that implies when we are -Taking care of health similar circumstance known as young and has got strength in the There’s a quotation, “If there’s a depression. Rather than overdo- bones. Think it goes fragile one health there’s a wealth or else ing, keep away from it. day leaving just the memory. And, nothing”. Maintaining a shape is at the end of the day one question must, since prevention is better off will haunt. Why didn’t I do those than curing. So, focusing in the things a while ago? maintenance of the healthy diets, healthy habits and so on are must. As we grow, we tend to compete with ourselves, society or whatev- -Love. Bishal Gurung er. In youth, we tend to fight for Love is a thing that binds us all. BBA Batch 2013, KCC what we desire and want to gain it Hate just sets us apart. We’ve got at any cost. But in mid life, we fight no reasons to hate anyone or for the wealth and a decent family anything for some mishaps or Money Management Techniques whereas personal desires are mischievous deeds, just ignore and Money management is the process of managing • Understand your financial situation. It is important sacrificed for the common good. -Travelling. let it go. Holding grudge just sets money which includes expense tracking, investment, to know your finance before going out or making Besides, during the ageing, we It’s not just fun thing to do but it us alone. So just love everyone, budgeting, banking, and taxes. But, in this article I expenses. seek for the esteem, self respect could be a more than fun either help and care everyone. have focused money management especially for • Don’t buy what you don’t need. It is easy to spend and recognition, along with it, we exploring or tearing the things up students. So, students who are facing problems while money on fun or convenient purchases. are struggling for not be apart for learning the new cultures, managing money or who want to know where their • Stop eating out. You should use your meal plan and from the family and the society. place, habitats, ethnicity, their money goes (because most people are unaware of learn how to cook. So, what is inevitable is that we all lifestyle and so on. Besides, it also their expenditure) can follow these techniques men- • Share living expenses with roommates. You can get grow old. But living those old days helps to rejuvenate the energy and tioned below. a roommate to share expenses if you are living alone. with pride and the legacy matters strengths that we’ve lost from our • Buy used books instead of purchasing new if possi- the most. Yet, in order to get rid daily chores. To manage money, we should reduce spending on ble for your studies or personal use. from the problem of ‘what if’ and -Investing in personal items which add no significant value. Every financial • Find free fun. Take advantage of campus entertain- lamentation of not doing thing growth. decision we make should be planned carefully. Let me ment such as sporting events, plays, or concerts. currently will make our life difficult Anything either books, arts or summarize some important techniques to manage • Save money on gas. Walk and share rides with your in the future dates. So start. soon that enhances our curiosity and save money. friend. and raises our drive to learn. • Instead of going to a movie, rent one. Invest time or resources in such Tips to manage and save money effectively: self growth activities that will pay These techniques are very helpful for students (also off in long run rather than short • Prepare monthly budget and stick to it. By consis- for others) to reduce their expenditure and manage -Stop worrying all the time. run. Whereas doing such things tently tracking your income and expenditure you will money effectively. So, keep in mind these points to Thinking and worrying in few expands the level of creativity and be accurately aware of your spending habits, making manage money effectively and increase saving. thing within limit is considered to intelligence. it much easier to manage your money.

Kantipur City College Page 17 Volume 5, Issue 5 l Students Magazine 2016 Leadership: The Backbone of Management

Anusha Gurung BBA Batch 2016, KCC

Simply, leadership is “the power/ability to lead other when you have to confront a worker on the issue. But, people.” But most people will have different opinion. just because you are a leader in a leadership position Ask anyone and you will likely hear something unique does not mean you need to change your attitude or about leadership each time. how you approach your work.” He also noted that new leader can learn to become an effective motivator Some people think leadership means guiding others when he leads and teaches with examples. while other believes it means motivating the team-members to be their best. But whatever the Making hiring decision definition, general sentiment remains the same i.e. Leader has the important responsibility to hire leaders are the people who achieve the goals and team-members. S/he should have impartial inspire people. Only a successful leader influences the mind-state for the hiring process. S/he should also attitude, perception and behavior of his/her follow- have the ability to distinguish positive and negative ers. effects of the decisions made and suitable research prior to the hiring. One important definition by renowned scholar is “Leadership is the ability to guide others without force Learning differences between leading into a direction or decision that leaves them still and managing empowered and accomplished” – Lisa Cash Hanson, Though leadership and management both involve CEO Snuggway. In brief, leadership is the ability to overseeing a team or a member, if they accomplish influence or guide the behavior and performance of their goals within the budget limit then a leader is an individual or group to achieve goals within the successful. Furthermore, not only just manage pre-determined future. Leadership is one of the budget, a leader needs to inspire the team, share important factors of management to achieve objec- purpose and provide direction. tives. It prepares plans, form organizational structure, appoints and manages efficient staffs, accumulates resources and more importantly is responsible to Moreover, some important qualities for practically implement plans. There are four important good leadership are: challenges a leader needs to overcome which are: Leadership is the ability to motivate others to accomplish pre-determined objectives. In fact, organization- Changing dynamic with colleagues al performance totally depends upon the ability of the Promotion of co-worker to boss also changes the manager as a leader with the above qualities. The working relationship and dynamics between the qualities are mainly divided into two: newly promoted boss and the remaining workers. Personal and Managerial Qualities which play prereq- Thus, a certain time period is required for the boss to uisite role for a manager to be a good leader. adjust as authority figure after promotion. Being a teacher One of the key components of leadership is the role as a teacher. Diane Omdahl, president and co-founder of Medicare consultation firm in Business News Daily explained, “As a first-time leader, you’re in a position you’re in a position you’re unfamiliar with,” “You might feel like you’re overstepping your boundaries

Page 18 Kantipur City College Jomsom Muktinath AS A Dream Destination

Puja Pokharel BBA Batch 2011, KCC

It is believed that all miseries/sorrows are relieved Lopa, around Muktinath and up to Mustang. Their once we visit the Muktinath temple (Mukti=Nirvana, customs and attire are distinctive and this trek is Nath=God). The famous temple of Lord Muktinath lies idyllic for observing the range among the people and in Mustang district and is located approximately 18km their customs. Hinduism dominates the lower parts northeast of Jomsom at an elevation of around 3,749 while as one climbs further up, Tibetan Buddhism m. The main shrine is a pagoda shaped temple dedi- predominates.If we visit Muktinath in early Septem- cated to Lord Vishnu. Set into the wall around it are ber, we are likely to be in time for one of Nepal’s 108 water spouts from which pour holy water flow. unique festivals, the annual horse race known as The temple is situated on a high mountain range and Yartung. This is a week of some serious horse racing, is visited during fair weather. There are different ways Tibetan style, and some equally serious merry making. to get to Muktinath from Kathmandu. We can either take a direct flight from Kathmandu via Pokhara to Most of the route along the Jomsom trek has been Jomsom or hike for 7-8 hours via Kagbeni or trek all described as part of the Annapurna circuit and Anna- the way from Pokhara which takes 7-8 days. purna foothill treks. The usual starting point is NayaPul on the Pokhara to Baglung road and from Hindu culture says that, one must visit this holy place there, via Ghorepani and Tatopani, into the gorge of after accomplishing pilgrimages of four Dhams in the Kali Gandaki. Between Tatopani and Lete Khola India. This place of worship has sacred importance for (river), there is a dramatic change of scenery. Pine Hindus as well as Buddhists. The Jwala Mai temple set forests crowd on the trail and the villages take on a close by holds a spring and an eternal fire fed by natu- quite different appearance.The layout of the villages ral gas underground. Jomsom is a major center in and the design of the houses are unique to this area. Annapurna region. There is a world-class accommoda- The houses are designed to protect the inhabitants tion facility in Jomsom from where one can enjoy from the strong winds that blow up the valley every- remarkable beauty. day from the late morning onwards.These winds are caused by differences in atmospheric pressure These days, Jomsom Muktinath Mountain Biking tour between the Tibetan plateau and the lower reaches of is one of popular adventure tours in Nepal. Jomsom the valley. The best example of the unique architec- set in the heart of the Himalaya offers some amazing ture of this region is found in the village of Marpha trails for mountain bikers. Ride between the Nilgiri which is a two-hour walk down from Jomsom.The Massifs to one of the holiest temples in Nepal, Mukti- stone flagged streets with efficient underground nath at the base of the great Thorung La Pass (5416m) drainage system and the flat-roofed houses with a on route from the Annapurna Circuit trek. From here, central courtyard make an attractive spot to spend an we may also enjoy some amazing single track and extra day resting. We can usethe free time to taste downhill riding next to the beautiful Kaligandaki River, sample apple products of this region from the lush one of the deepest gorges on the earth, past ancient orchards up in the valley. Jomsom is best known for its monasteries and long-established villages. Bump airport that offers a quick entry or exit to the valley along on cobble paths and get our feet wet in ice fed with regular daily flights from Pokhara. The strong streams. This is surely one of the most spectacular winds that blow up the valley prevents flights from short mountains biking holidays in the world. taking off from Jomsom after 11 a.m. Jomsom can also be considered a place to use as a base for exploring Jomsom is a great place to start trekking. The assorted the upper part of the Kali Gandaki region. There are landscapes and cultures found along the trekking numerous accommodation options including new paths give excellent insight into the way of life of rural high-class resorts. Nepali people. A highlight is trekking all the way through the gorge carved by the Kali Gandaki River, An alternative to Jomsom as a base for the trek is the which originates in the Tibetan plateau to finally flow village of Kagbeni which lays a further two-hour walk into the Ganges in India. up the valley. Kagbeni is not as commercialized as Jomsom and certainly much quieter. Moreover, This part of Nepal is occupied by Gurungs and Magars trekkers are allowed to go towards Upper Mustang in the lower areas of the Kali Gandaki, Thakalis around without a special permit and an accompanying Envi- Jomsom and people with clear Tibetan roots, the ronmental Officer. Kantipur City College Page 19 Volume 5, Issue 5 l Students Magazine 2016

Sunita Thapa BBA Batch 2014, KCC Skill of Business Communication for a Successful Entrepreneur Effective communication is an Pre-thinking - Time- essential element or key to It is one of the most important The message sent on time can success in business world. It can traits of every communicator. reach to the receiver. Early and increase workplace productivity as Firstly, think before speak. You late sending of message may not well. Business communication should first think about the actual be as effective as the message sent means exchange of information message you want to deliver. Pre on time. For the better perfor- between the people within organi- thinking ensures the correctness mance of work in an office, there zation or with people outside the in communication. Commnication should be flow of message on organization. We need to perform done without pre-thinking may be time. While delivering message different level of communication incorrect and may lead to problem the communicator must be aware daily in business with different sometimes. about the time. S/he should think types of people. Those having the right time to send the message good business communication skill Brevity - so that positive can deal with any kind of person. One important good quality in response can be responded. Many of us think that the person good communication is the with good English language is the concept should be to the point. Persuasiveness- best communicator but having Brief concept includes merely The communicator should be able fluency in English language in not applicable and required facts. It to persuade the listener or receiv- enough to be the best business reduces the risk of repetition and er. Use of language can help a lot. communicator. Good communica- sets up appropriately. It is an additional quality that a tion skills mean you need to have communicator should have. It is an ability to deliver your message Using correct language- very important while cracking clearly so that receivers can easily Language has an important role in deals with businessmen. understand what you want to communication. Choosing best deliver. Business leader must be language is required in communi- Feedback – able to communicate effectively cation. Correct language helps to Feedback helps you to know via writing as well as orally to avoid uncertainty. Use of complex whether the message you want to ensure the highest levels of language can create problem deliver has been delivered or not. efficiency. among receivers in understanding Sometimes receiver may not be the main message. Likewise, able to receive your message due Here are some of the qualities that language shouldn't be vulgar and to various reasons. They may or are essential to become a best bad. may not agree with you. Feedback business communicator: helps to know about their mentali- ty towards you. Page 20 Kantipur City College Volume 5, Issue 5 l Students Magazine 2016 These are some qualities that every business person Above we discussed about the qualities of speaker must have for good business communication. These and listeners. Now let's talk about on why business qualities can make them a good communicator in communication is important in business or in the life business. of business man.

Like speaking, listening skills are also very important 1) To manage employees: as it plays vital role in communication. Nowadays, we When managers are effective communicators, they should attend so many seminars, presentations and can inform their staff about their responsibility and meetings but most of the listeners are not attentive. A what they are expecting from them. It also helps man- good listening skill helps us to make a lot of progress agers to provide constructive feedback to their staff, in business. Great listeners are the great winners in build better relationships and understand personal their work and in personal life. They are great commu- goals that staff may wish to work towards. nicator too. Some of the qualities of great listeners are: 2) Making decisions: Through business communication, manager can 1) Attentive: collect information from different corners and can Listeners should be attentive and present when make the right decisions. Making timely decisions speaker speaks and explains because our mind can requires updated information. easily divert from the topic. We should concentrate on the speaker’s view to receive the actual message that 3) Increase mutual trust and confidence: s/he is trying to convey. For effective operation of organization, mutual trust and confidence is very important. Good communica- 2) Don't speak when speaker is speaking: tion skill in manager helps to build mutual trust and Interrupting speaker in between the speech or confidence and reduces misunderstanding presentation can be taken as offense. If the listener has any questions related to the topic, then he should 4) Leadership: wait until the speaker pauses or at the end of speech. Effective communication is required for effective lead- Sometimes if you obstruct speaker while speaking, ership. Two-way communication is must in an effec- s/he may forget the main message that s/he wants to tive communication. To be the effective leader they deliver. must handle the subordinates properly. Those managers with good communication skills can lead the 3) Make eye contact: subordinates properly. Eye contact with speaker shows that you are interested in the conversation and it demonstrates that you 5) Better relationship: have genuine interest in listening to the person's Human relations cannot be present without commu- issues. Making eye contact doesn't mean that you nication. Good and effective communication is have to stare at him all the time. Just we have to make required for both personal relationships and success- him realize that we are listening to him. ful business relationships. 4) Making notes: Making notes is one of the best qualities of good listener. If we note down what the speaker is saying we will never forget that. Sometimes we may not get what the speaker is saying. In this situation when we note that query, we can ask that later. 5) Ask questions to remove curiosity: Listeners can ask questions if they have any curiosity about the topic. But they shouldn't ask any question in order to embarrass or attack the speaker. Unrelated question shows that you are not attentive and serious about the topic. 6) Understand non verbal communication Good listeners pay attention to non verbal communication without discounting verbal communication. They pay attention to the fact that they are paying attention to both verbal and non verbal communication. When we pay attention towards non verbal communication we can also listen to the message that speaker is not speaking. Kantipur City College Page 21 Dinesh Basnet Program Co-ordinator/Lecturer, KCC

The period starting from 1990 is ness”? Each of those domains is However, it is possible to convert called the Knowledge Age where complex, with many sub- areas of explicit knowledge into tacit, as organization uses knowledge for specialization. Moreover, they occurs. For instance, when a strategic decision making. Knowl- describe what they learn, remem- person reads a book and learns edge is an intellectual asset ber and act based on the best from it, and converts the explicit (human capital) which is more available informatn, knowledge knowledge contained in the book important than other assets like and know- how. into tacit knowledge on his/her capital, machines and materials. mind. Similarly, tacit knowledge Knowledge is quite distinct from Types of Knowledge: Tacit can sometimes be transformed information although these terms and Explicit into explicit knowledge. Like, are sometimes used interchange- Explicit knowledge basically when an individual with significant ably. However, information that is expressed into words and num- tacit knowledge about a topic actionable is called knowledge and bers. It can be shared in the form writes a book or guidebook when knowledge is applied to of data, specifications, manuals, formalizing that knowledge. specific subject or discipline, or an drawings, audio and video tapes, extended period of time, then, it is computer programs etc. For exam- Why do we need to defined as ‘expertise’. ple, the basic principles for stock manage Knowledge? market analysis contained in a Ann Macintosh of the Artificial book or manual are considered Intelligence Applications Institute explicit knowledge. This knowl- (University of Edinburgh) came up edge can be used by investors to with a “Position Paper on Knowl- Knowledge Management (KM), to make decisions about buying and edge Asset Management” that begin with was defined as the selling stocks. identifies some of the specific process of applying a systematic business factors, including: approach to the capture, structur- In contrast, tacit knowledge • Marketplaces are increasingly ing, management, and dissemina- includes insights, intuitions and competitive and the rate of inno- tion of knowledge throughout an hunches. This knowledge is not vation is rising. organization to work faster, reuse easy to express and formalize, and • Reductions in staffing generate a best practices, and reduces costly subsequently difficult to share. need to substitute informal knowl- rework from project to project Tacit knowledge is perhaps edge with formal methods. (Nomaka and Takeuchi, 1995; personal and based on individual • Competitive pressures diminish Pasternack and Viscio 1998; experience and activities. For the size of the work force that Pfeffer and Sutton, 1999; Ruggles example, through years of observ- holds valuable business knowl- and Holtshouse, 1999). ing a particular industry, stock edge. market analysts might gain knowl- • The amount of time on hand to Generally, KM is based on capture, edge that helps them make recom- experience and gain knowledge documentation and dissemination mendations to investors in the has diminished. within the organization of individ- stock market concerning that likely • Early retirement and rising ual explicit and tacit knowledge. short-term and long-term market mobility of the work force escorts But, in practice, it is really hard to trends for the stocks of firms to loss of knowledge. define precisely and simply. For within that industry. Such knowl- • There is a requirement to handle example, how would a principal edge would be considered tacit, increasing complexity as small describe “Quality Education”? unless the analyst can verbalize it operating businesses are trans-na- How would a manager describe in the form of a document that tional sourcing operations. “management”? How would an others can use and learn from. As • Changes in tactical direction entrepreneur describe “busi- discussed, explicit and tacit forms may lead to the loss of knowledge of knowledge are quite distinct. in a specific area. Page 22 Kantipur City College Volume 5, Issue 5 l Students Magazine 2016 In brief, knowledge management provides benefits to individuals, organization and the communities. If knowledge management is not set to use to benefit the individuals, organization and the communities, then A light bulb in the socket knowledge management has failed. This three-tiered view of knowledge management helps emphasize why is we need to manage knowledge. After all, bright ideas in the form of light bulbs in the pocket are not sufficient, worth two in the pocket they must be plugged in and this can merely be possible if an individual know what there is to be known; can find -Bill Wolf (1950-2001) it when they need; can understand it; and perhaps most important, are convinced that this knowledge should be put to work.

Cultural Program and Management

Ashmita Timilsina BBA Batch 2012, KCC

To enhance the abilities, knowl- program one of the best ones lems but the patience and perse- edge and productivity of the which indeed came true. verance of our team and constant students, schools, colleges and Besides, apart from regular class- support of the college staffs made educational institution conduct es, since KCC conducts different the program an inevitable success. different kinds of program wherein regular programs and recreational To count- the nervous speech, the “Cultural Program” is one of the activities for students for refresh- cranky music system during the major programs. Cultural program ments and promoting healthy dance, or hasty certificate distri- connects us with our values we lifestyles and more, we had a lot of bution to pass outs to the highly were born to as well as teaches us practice to begin with. During the competitive and awkward compe- the practical aspect of some very program, we took part in different tition for Mr./Ms. Freshers, all important management skills we activities. We diligently practiced these taught us the value of time, are taught in classroom. dances rightly choreographing task, resource and most of all the ourselves. Every task we did for self-motivation we gave to each Along with ten members, we got the program was the handwork of other’s that is indispensable in the a rare opportunity at Kantipur City each of the members. field of the management. College (KCC) to organize the cultural program 2016 as a special As we worked for the program, we Studying in BBA faculty of KCC for welcome program for freshers. did not realize we were making us was a valuable time spent as we The college delegated the respon- memories, we just knew we were made the best memories while sibility to our team which we learning and having fun. It was our connecting with great people and considered as an opportunity, and greatest pleasure to welcome making a great team as we com- we were very happy, excited and a freshers of KCC with short but pleted our education alongside. In kind of inherent inspiration was sweet welcome speech in the conclusion, those college days blooming within us. We assured to beginning of welcome program. were the best time of our life’s give the best of us to make the During the event, we faced prob- journey in the form of lessons. Kantipur City College Page 23 Students Magazine 2016 l Issue 5, Volume 5

Fashion, A WORLD IN ITSELF Urusha Buda Magar BBA Batch 2012, KCC Clothes are not only meant to cover your private fashion sleep without fashion or even die without parts especially from the inquisitive eyes of other fashion can be further pointed out: people or to protect your body from the external eventualities such as cold, heat or rain. They also • Fashion gives a certain amount of freedom to define and redefine a person, community, nation or people and allows them to be who they want to be. even an entire region. To put in perspective, clothes • It’s a medium for self-expression, a way to use represent the development of humanity with each clothes in the form of creativity... like certain poetry or successive age where people used to wear set of whatsoever. distinctive clothes reflecting the time or development • Fashion trends acts as a highly visible means of stage so inquired. Not only has that man as a lover or signaling that you're generally 'in the know' regarding art continuously refined his aesthetic sense through what's coming. fashion, he has built another world for himself where • Its trends change as quick as the season and yet, everything must be dazzlingly to eyes, cost inconse- like seasons, just because something fades from our quential only art and its evolution matters…in another favor for now doesn't mean it's gone forever- indeed words only the fashion matter nothing more whatso- time and again we find ourselves being revisited by ever. the revival of the favorite looks from our youth • It's such an accessible way for you to channel any Perhaps, as fashionista (A person devoted to fashion of a million personas, with the flick of an outfit, clothing, particularly unique or high fashion) one makeup, and accessories. should know its history in its entirety. The origin of • It can boost people’s self confidence and self-es- fashion goes back to the 19th century with Charles teem. It can also illustrate culture of a person or group Frederick Worth who was the first designer to have his of people label sewn into the garments that he created. Rose • Fashion is the chance to be liked by everybody and Bertin (July 2, 1747 – September 22, 1813) was the the one at the same time. dressmaker named bill to Marie Antoinette, Queen of France, and a high public profile. Sometimes called Thus, fashion is one of the art forms that you live your sarcastically the "Minister of Fashion", she opened a life in. Not everyone likes poetry, not everyone likes shop in Paris and had a considerable influence on looking at paintings, but fashion is one of the art Parisian style, until this was drastically changed by the forms which everyone in the world takes part in. It French Revolution, from which she fled into exile in represents our inner psyche; it reestablishes our London for some years. So, the mother of fashion is status in society. It serves as language, a non-verbal France precisely Paris with its “Grande Mode” i.e. communication, which is the only way in which a Great Fashion; the unique eccentricities like the exqui- culture's beliefs, mores, customs etc are passed on to site cuisine when worn by the most beautiful ladies of another generations. Our choice of clothes represents the day from queens, duchess and including gentle- inner desires and emotions which we want to show or men whose taste of clothes and styles were not only hide too. Fashion is everywhere, and everyone is part the talk of the town but also the buzzing anecdotes of of it, but it is as diverse as every being's DNA. courts around the European sphere of influence that was never boring or never too old to elites of the time.

Despite lean times from depression till the civil wars or skirmishes humanity couldn’t be free from its nature, its eye for beauty, the aesthetic side of everything it so perceives. The reason why people can’t live without fashion, eat without fashion, think without

Page 24 Kantipur City College

A Glimpse of a Rajiv Timalsina ‘Ghale Gau’ Chief Administrator, KCC time we reached, the people of china, India, America, France and Ghale Gau, known as one of the Ghale Gau were generous to soon. We came to gain this infor- ideal spot for home stay in Nepali welcome us warmly at the dark mation from the secretary Mr village, is situated in Lamjung hours of midnight in their ritual Dirgh Ghale. As per him we also district. It is situated at 28 km from fashion — a tika of rice mixed with came to knew that in that commu- the Besi Sahar and is above 2070 curd, and a flower. nity only one Brahmins house and meters above the sea level. only two Bishowkarmas house are Basically, Ghale ethnic groups have In the morning, the village was present over the place and other resided here for ages. In this more desirable and pleasurable remaining are all of Gurungs. article, I try to captivate the due to cool bridge and gentle adventurous and pleasant journey drops of rain. In that single morn- we had with students and faculties ing, we got an opportunity to of MAMCJ at Kantipur City College sense three types of weather and from 17 - 19 June 2016. felt chilled out.

Before arriving in this beautiful As we heard of home stay from village, we encountered different several travelers and colleagues to communities at Bindrapur, travel here, we stayed at home Baglungpani Rapsing, Kapoor Gau, stay number 16 owned by Kamala Ghale Gau, Bhujung Gau, Dhana Ghale, who shared her stories Apart from this we were delighted Pokhara and so on. As we walked during dinner. We asked her by the people over there because by enormous hills and mountains, whether earthquake and blockade they welcomed us with the bless- dense green forests, golden fields affect her business and she replied ings i.e. with White tika and soon. and cool bridges, we had saw our the earthquake didn’t impact And the major vegetables grown journey enjoyable and entertain- significantly to her business, but over here are the potato, radish, ing, and we all were hallucinated the blockade did by shrinking the mustard, spinach, cauliflower, over the trip with thirst for more flow of tourists due to the short- cabbage, carrot, several kinds of beautiful scenery and pleasure. age of petroleum products. beans and pulses etc. Along with it In the year 2015, the number of the major crops are maize, millet, inflow of domestic tourists here rice, wheat, soybean and ‘Kauno’. was reported to 19,750 persons Kauno is a kind of yellowish crop and in 2016, it was around 15,274 i.e. similar to rice, and it’s planted persons. This figure included in Falgun and harvested in Ashar. around 244 and 104 foreigners in Along with it the greenery of the the years 2015 and 2016 respec- village there are several wild tively. herbs, shrubs and trees naming Uttish, Baishakthat, Katush, Kafal, She also mentioned that the Gaino, Aaiselu, Chilaune, Sishno From Kathmandu to Lamjung we foreign tourists to visit the place and soon. took our college bus, which could till date have been very coopera- not go beyond Lamjung city due to tive as well as the good people. And the major domesticated small roads and turns, not suited And the majority of the tourist animals over here are sheep, goat, for buses. We thence took three inflow takes between Ashoj to cow, buffaloes, ox and soon. jeeps to Ghale Gau at around 4 Falgun. However several domestic pm. We were stuck at Baglung Pani tourists from Pokhara, Athatari, Besides the major attraction of the due to some problems in the bus, Chitwan, Kathmandu, Palpa and Ghale Gau are Gurung cultures, but we soon caught up and we soon and the majority of the handicrafts, community meeting reached our destination at around visitors are the students as well as spot, tea farm, uttarkanya temple, 12 midnight, delayed according to visitors from foreign land are from sports ground, gumbas and mon- our schedule. Despite the odd places like Italy, Japan, Australia, asteries, rodhi songs, ghatu dance, Page 26 Kantipur City College Volume 5, Issue 5 l Students Magazine 2016 statues of ox, school and soon. Also the ancient statue of Ghale king is also considered one of the special monument situated over there because he was the last or 167th king i.e. Gyalbo Roj Kreha. Moreover to these glimpse of Himalayas like Macchapuchre, Anna- purna second, Lamjung himal, Mata Surya himchuli i.e. Rajendra Mishra considered as Buddha Himal could be viewed and a moment of relief and relaxation could be felt by being Listening to the word EDUCATION DIET, it sounds like in this village. an educational institution, however some students are familiar with this term where as others are not. In any The accommodation facility is reliable because initially aspects money comes first in any sorts of registration there were 12 home stays but now the number has either in virtual or physical platform for students but increased to 34 and out of it 29 home stays are being here lays a different thought and the process. Here the conducted by the Ghale community. As per current education diet is an online platform where students can secretary Dirgh Ghale, he stated that there are 120 log in with no any direct or hidden charges. More than houses over the village. this the loggers can get access to the several kinds of materials like books and courses as per ones require- Likewise the local transportation is also available from ment. Lamjung to Ghale gau. Around 10 to 12 vehicles daily transport people and stuffs. In one vehicle around 14 Similarly, by getting into this online portal you can people could travel at once and the vehicle fair is prepare for several courses like IELTS, TOFEL, GRE, around Rs 175. CMAT, KUMAT, LOKSEWA and soon which are the hot cakes among the foreign applying students, jobseekers, Also the clean drinking water is available from seven and one who are willing to enhance their knowledge natural wells, so tourists mustn’t worry about the ability. However in order to be connected to this page edible water. you just only need to SIGN UP in Educationdiet.com by only mentioning your email address. After assigning your email address you can choose the subjects you would like to learn, for instance if you are willing to learn about the banking, you just need to click on the term banking with such task you can figure out the multiple choice questions and your time in the website count in the right side of the screen until you choose the right answer by clicking the right button of the mouse. After completion of the set of questions, you can also get your performance report in a mean while. Besides this if you want to redo the course or exam, you just need to press CONTROL + R. Thus this implies in every topic or courses.

If you are unable to figure the contents you require about the courses like IELTS, TOFEL, GRE, CMAT, KUMAT and soon. This site has got a huge potential of contain- ing such information. So, this makes us much easier to prepare from home and be competitive in any sorts of circumstances. Besides this you can also discuss with the colleagues and gain ideas about relevant subjects. Likewise, suppose you are preparing for the LOKSEWA examination you can talk about it to someone who are doing the same thing as well. Moreover, to this the webpage comprises of the topics like History, Litera- ture, Sports, Science, Religion, Astronomy, Physics, Banking, Politics, Computers and soon are available in the site.

However, by reading only these contents, it's inadquate for the readers or learners, though the site needs to adjust audio or visual the materials for courses like IELTS, TOFEL, GRE, CMAT, KUMAT and soon. Also one who uses this link may feel the lack of the language barrier as a problem for people from different region. Kantipur City College Page 27 Students Magazine 2016 l Issue 5, Volume 5 run an organic honey farm named travelled till date out of 75 districts The busy bee honey farm at of Nepal. I love to collect stories, Interview with Godawari with 12 modern hives making case studies of businesses and 8 traditional bee hives. which I share it in my classes. Addi- tionally, I’ve been writing as well this and I am planning to write a book soon.

I go hiking every Saturdays and play futsal regularly and watch every game of English Premier I am a photography mentor at League and Champions league. I Image Park where we teach am living my life every day. photography . I recently cofound- ed Hamro Ramro Photography As you are involved in Anil Parajuli where we do product photogra- Youth Enterpreneur phy, event photography and all. As different enterprises, I have a keen interest into vintage/ where do you see yourself How would you like to classic bikes and scooters, we modify classic/ vintages scooters after a decade? introduce yourself? and bikes and have been able to After a decade I would be probably Well, “ma kaar le nabhai rahar le sell two Honda bikes via Vintage in my own resort. I’ve been plan- Nepal baseko mancche” (I am still Dreams. I am associated with ning to construct a mud house in Nepal, not because of obligation Reecha Sharma Films, and we are resort with 4 to 5 mud houses and but because of my interest). I coming up with new feature movie field. Perhaps, it may come true. would like to introduce myself as a named ‘Adha Love’ which is into constant learner who is always in a editing right now. I have my own Also I am planning to start a ‘Tea learning mode might it be from production house as well named Bar’ because there are coffee child or a professor any one. A Rato Bhaley Productions where i shops in every nooks and corner of recent MBA graduate in entrepre- have directed two short movies. the city. I want to bring back the neurship and had been a course tea culture and provide variety of coordinator of a flagship program tea to the customers. Tea shop named ‘Arthalaya, School of would be like a tea bar where you Economics and Entrepreneurship’ can experience varieties of tea and 5 day residential workshop for also you can make your cup of a more than 3 years where I was tea yourself. You can taste from able to inspire 29 people to estab- Himalayas- salty tea to Birgung’s lish 11 enterprises on their own. cutting tea. I’ve been working on it and writing a business plan for it. Besides, people tend to perceive Plus, one investor is ready for the me mistakenly in terms of my Likewise, I recently just started project. And also I’d never leave appearance because I have a lecturing entrepreneurship in IMS the profession as lecturer and tattoo, pierced eye, beard and this College affiliated to Lincoln want to contribute to practical and long moustache which makes me University. I have been visiting to moral aspects of entrepreneur- look like a hooligan but the fact is I different colleges as mentor and ship. Likewise, I also want to have don’t even smoke and drink the guest lecturer. One of the best PHD degree from one of the best alcohol as well ( hahahaha ) experiences as a guest lecture was universities of America. at Tribhuwan University with MBS Would you mind sharing students, where most of the Do you think education students were senior to my age your current involvement? but it was fun sharing my story and qualification or work I won’t mind… Ha-ha… I am almost talking about youth, entrepre- experiences are necessary everywhere ha-ha-ha neurship and economy of the country. before starting a venture? I am with Kathalaya, House of Education is a must but I believe stories! I am looking into develop- Moreover, I’ve been exploring more in “parera janne manxe than ing and promoting reading culture different places of Nepal and, this padera janne manxe” (A knowl- and habit, library establishment, year I was lucky enough to travel 4 edgeable person over an educated teachers training more over into districts of western region which one). While I was travelling at education sector. Besides that I make it 52 districts that I have Dadeldhura, there was this place

Page 28 Kantipur City College Interview Volume 5, Issue 5 l Students Magazine 2016 named Shau Kharkha where I came to know aboit understand the trend of MBA rising up because of its ‘Bajeko Kheer Pasal’ run already by three generation charm and to get good job rather than learning and and it is still going on, they are earning good living by starting new enterprise. For me, we must learn in selling 50-60 liters of milk’s kheer a day. They charge order to understand and internalize things rather than Rs 50per plate. Along with this business, they have securing the job and obtain good marks. also started a vegetable collection center and it’s been doing better. So, they are an example for the whole How is entrepreneurship contributing village there and they are the one who are parera janeko (experts with experience). But Padera janeko towards the economic development of mancche (an expert with knowledge) just walks an Nepal? extra mile means they give some innovative touches Presently, Nepal is in turmoil but I can see some rays that changes everything. For example, during my trip of hopes in entrepreneur sector as I can see few in Nepalgunj, I visited a Panipuri Pasal whose owner people returning from the different parts of world like shared with me one thing that always strikes me- his Dubai, Qatar, Korea and so on and are starting some son is reading management in Kathmandu and he projects like domesticating pigs, cows or involving in helped him to place business in online medium and agriculture etc. With years of experiences, they are now it’s doing awesome with more customers’ investing in Nepal that pleases me. Moreover, return- concentration and flow. So, we’ve seen many success ing from UK, Australia and so on people are starting stories like of Bhatbhateni, Bajeko Sekuwa, these were stores like coffee shops and different enterprises that once a start up started by Parera Janeko mancche. can actually contribute in the economic development. Also, you can take an example of Gagan Dai from Now it’s time for economic progress which could be Himalayan Java. He received his education in USA and thrived through private company and entrepreneurs has contributed in establishing the leading coffee because they are the job creators rather than the job brand of the nation. He is Padera Janeko Mancche. So, seekers. And, now creating and registering company is I do believe in them but my soft corner is for Parera like a trend. These companies can expand economy. Janeko mancche. So, one of the quotes of Samriddi Foundation which I At the end of the day what counts is what are you always remember is, “Prosperity is possible, all it takes doing and our experiences more than our degree. I’ve is sound ideas” which can be achieved by entrepre- got my degree from thikai ko Business University but neurs and creating environment for them to run a what matters is what I have learnt. At present, you can business.

Kantipur City College Page 29 Students Magazine 2016 l Issue 5, Volume 5 Interview Would you tell us how the interest rate relatively lower du could not be delivered easily. for startups could foster entrepre- The reason is that the road facili- entrepreneurship has cre- neurship and so on. ties and the syndicate system are ated employment oppor- not in order over here. Hence, tunities? Therefore, the government should these problems should be solved Entrepreneurship has multiplier make the policy of providing seed to make product transportation effect. For instance, a customer money as a loan to those who easier. In addition, the big leafed purchase bus costing around 70 come up with sound business plan spinach and vegetables from Fickle lakhs that operates from Daang like subsidy especially in agricul- and Fidim can be brought in Kath- Tulsipur to Kathmandu and vice tural sector. Access to finance mandu for consumption by making versa. We must be able to identify should be moderated by govern- the efficient distribution channel. the employment opportunities ment. that can be created from the single Furthermore, if educated people purchase, like- from the dealer to Apart from this, as you are made aware and attracted toward such indigenous business- driver to conductor and mechanic, have and is keen about fuel person at the gas station es’ branding, marketing and so on, several direct and indirect employ- travelling as well, what are the market is sure to boom. For ment opportunities. So, we need the possibilities that example, in east there is a huge to analyze the roots and its impact. plantation and production of you’ve seen could be fur- ‘alaichi’ (cardamom) and each and We can take an example of a tour- ther explored and turned every work from planting to ist who visits us and provides harvesting is done manually. Such into a venture? that some tasks like drying of alaic- several employment opportunities As mentioned earlier about the from airport staff to hotels to cab hi could be done by using the ‘kheer business’ of Dadeldhura, it devices like solar driers and other drivers to tourist guides and so on. could be revamped. Another So, entrepreneurship creates job machineries to achieve economies possibility is we’ve got huge of scale. and facilitates employment and opportunity of tourism ahead. helps to gear up an economic Once we went to Mahendranagar activities. and were hoping for home stay What are the most facility there. But, unfortunately rewarding experiences In your opinion, what new we couldn’t although there the when you started your policy should the govern- home stay services are getting popular. As these days, it seems venture and as you are ment introduce to influ- domestic tourists are being sensi- continuing the opera- ence youth entrepreneur- tive towards travelling but they travel to same places every time tions? ship? like Pokhara, Mustang, Bandipur Generally, Bramin and Chhetri First of all, Political stability is the and so on. They are not travelling families from our society doesn’t need of the hour. The government to new places. So, people must be support financially to startup busi- should make business registration aware that there are ample of ness. They think we can’t do busi- process simple and easy. The places in Terai, hill or Himalayas to ness and we don’t have anything government should facilitate with travel apart from those famous business in our blood. But after the seed money. Yet, this type of places. being in Arthalaya, I felt like more policies could help to some extent. Another interesting story was driven towards business and will while I was travelling in Doti. A start one with any cost. Coinciden- I travel a lot and I experienced that small child was selling walnuts for tally, in a photo competition I won in Terai belt of Nepal if someone NRS 500 and I bargained to get it in approximately Rs 15k in around takes a loan of 100k, then they 400 rupees. She quickly told that if 2010, which used to be a greater have to suffer for the whole life I wanted to purchase make a deal sum at that time. I didn’t tell paying interest and principle. So, or leave since other customers anybody about the money and I they get scared to take loan. Also, were waiting. I was amazed. invested that amount to the honey the policies like obtaining money Unknowingly, she was applying the farm with my mama (maternal by mortgaging our educational economic theory over the suppli- uncle). And after this, I started certificate rather than some other er’s power, such that those with Arthalaya and got involved in physical properties. There are walnuts could be imported and several projects. Hence, that victo- ample of people trying their marketed over here. Similar case is ry in photography contest was the utmost in the field of entrepre- with apples of Mustang, Apple’s most rewarding one. neurship. But due to lack of physi- iphone can be brought here from cal property, they are unable to seven seas apart but why apples obtain capital. Likewise, making (fruit) from Mustang to Kathman- Page 30 Kantipur City College Volume 5, Issue 5 l Students Magazine 2016 From all these years of experiences, what are the lessons you would like to share for the emerging entrepreneur? What I want to say is “start small but get started”. Also, building the right team and network is the most essential thing. Hence, entrepreneurship is all about going in a group and identifying the right one in a time. In addition, another important thing is start a venture but don’t jump into the registration formalities, all at once. Just start and work for some time and figure out either you are fit for particular project or not. Read books, watch movies and travel as well. It freshens up yourself and let you think new ideas and gives you lessons and learning. It’s never late to do things that you like and have interest on. Follow your heart, Follow your dreams. Her Entangled Life.... hopes in them. Hopes of Aastha from her education, her buyers,hopes of good stars, hopes girlhood and the exuberance she of contentment, hopes of further- should get. She roams round the ance and hopes of a better life... sunny streets bare foot apporach- Puja Budhathoki ing the shoppers. Some shoppers BBA Batch 2015, KCC Today,I was wandering around the are very gentle and good whereas crescents of Patan Durbar Square some are very harsh to her she Simmering out around the avenue when I found myself being says. For her the buyer minnors' of Patan Durbar Square, has followed up. Turning back, I saw a the god as her sustenance is become the best avocation for we small girl with a long stick balloons unfeasible without them. There people nowadays. Reckoned as a tied up in it behind me. Her face was a spark of determination in marvel of new architecture Patan was so charming but her eyes were her eyes in her every ultered Durbar Square is best known for mournful. She seemed so cheer- words with everyone balloon ancient Royal Palace, where the less but very high spirited. I sat being sold out she got more Malla kings resided. Ancient down and began a conversation inpired to sell the another one Nepalese art and architechture with her. taught me to never give up and dazzels the famous Krishna Mandir never lose hope. and many other historical monu- Nine years old, Aasha Nepali stud- ments and temples. ied in class 2, in a government Failures are the way of life and the school initiated by some foreign- greatest lesson as well. One should We have been able to acknowl- ers. She has been selling balloons never give up no matter what the edge the artisty of Patan Durbar for her livelihood. In a family of situation is. My encounter with Square but we fail to see the three members she and her every new person teaches me new somber situation of many street mother earns as a street vendor phase of life a new way of vendors who have such ellubiant with a younger sister to look after. persistance, a new way of living eyes as i can see the spark of Selling balloons has distracted life a new way of loving life.

Kantipur City College Page 31 Students Magazine 2016 l Issue 5, Volume 5

Sandip Basnet Human Resources Management BBA Batch 2012, KCC System practices in Nepalese Organizations

The term ‘Human Resources Man- of the organizations. There are program for managers. The meth- agement’ is the improved version very few organizations undertak- ods of management development of the Personnel Management. It ing HRM concepts and which have are coaching and understudy is concerned with the people human resource department. But assignment. Job rotation is not dimension in management. It is a these days, organizations are well used. Off-the-job manage- process of practices: recruitment creating a human resource department development methods are and selection, training and devel- ment as a pure department which largely lecture oriented. Behavior- opment, performance evaluation only focuses on hiring, maintain- al techniques are also used slight- as well as reward system to ing, developing and firing human ly. achieve the goals. resources in the organization. There has been no significant To sum up, in a competitive busi- The success of every organization change in the HR policies within ness environment tanning and lies in the hand of the human any Nepalese organization till development practices should be resources it possesses. A one-man date. So, human resource manage- considered more valuable. Similar- army cannot, by him/herself, lead ment refers to the people working ly, managers should listen to an organization to its vision or in the organization with the view employees’ problems prior to any goal. To back them up, a team of as valuable resources. discrimination and employees experts in various areas are should be given opportunities to needed. To create the group that Nepalese organizations do not give present their grievances that aligns in achieving the vision of much attention to upgrade their should be carefully handled on the any organization, human resource managers and let them know job to improve employee management plays a vital role. about greater responsibilities in relations. For this purpose, HR the future. Some private consult- department is very much import- In Nepal, Human Resource Man- ing firms and management associ- ant for all kinds of Nepalese Orga- agement is not practiced in most ations of Nepal conduct short term nizations.

Page 32 Kantipur City College

Volume 5, Issue 5 l Students Magazine 2016 Professional Education Consultancy

Raju Singh Director, PEC

According to Daniel Hardy, Trainer/Business Development Coordinator at JB Skills Training Ltd, Sunderland, United Kingdom, “Professionalism plays a pivotal role in any field that you choose to excel in. No boss would like their employees to be dull and lacking a focused approach. If everyone on the earth had pride in whatever they do and respect their work no matter how silly it might look, the world would be a better and more responsible place. True professionals are always looked upon with respect.”

Professional Education Consultancy, as the name suggests, is an education consultancy run by highly qualified professionals. It was established in the year 1994 with an aim to help Nepalese students choose their right career paths in abroad studies and thus contribute to building a nation of highly qualified professionals.

Over 23 plus years of our experience makes us the experts in this field and is reflected by the high visa success rates of students we send every year and the enviable number of satisfied students and their parents alike.

Our main objectives are to continuously explore avenues of quality education, guide students towards the right career path that delivers results, explore the needs of the community and adapt to the demand of the age and time.

We value quality rather than quantity and make sure only the best and most eligible students make it to the chosen universities. To make sure students make their calculated career choices and have a clear idea of their chosen fields of study, we hold periodic career mapping workshops.

Our forte lies in the fact that we work with the students and their career goals in mind. Our team of highly qualified and trained education consultants helps students choose the right universities and courses depending upon their passion, interest and their determination to excel in their chosen fields.

We represent Universities in Australia, UK, USA, Thailand and India but our primary market has always been Australia. Students opting to choose to study in Australia have a bouquet of over 20 plus top ranking universities. Some of them are Macquarie University, Griffith University, Deakin University, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT), University of Western Sydney, Australian Catholic University, University of Southern Queensland (USQ), James Cook University, Edith Cowan University, La Trobe University, University of New England, TAFE NSW, University of Southern Queensland, Southern Cross University and diverse courses to choose from.

Other services that we provide are Test Preparation classes for IELTS, PTE and CAE. These classes are conducted by qualified instructors.

We provide comprehensive and personalized pre-departure and post arrival support to successful students and our duty does not end there. Our Sydney based office addresses any inconveniences that our students face once they are at Australia.

We take pride in our achievement so far and strive to better ourselves as we move ahead.

Kantipur City College Students Magazine 2016 l Issue 5, Volume 5

Kantipur City College Volume 5, Issue 5 l Students Magazine 2016

MCPU as a facilitator

Pratikshya Shrestha BBA Batch 2013, KCC

In the last 7 years of its long history, MCPU has contin- towards social welfare and wellbeing. It is relentlessly uously encouraged, redefined and strengthened the motivating students and youth towards who are eager bonds and capabilities of management students of and full of youthful vigor towards the path ofvolun- Purbanchal University. It is a pioneer organization teering, event management, research and develop- affiliated to Purbanchal University. Furthermore, ment which are indispensable in real life.Passing with beinga non-political and non-profitable organization, flying colors may not be so important in this informa- it works for the overall development of the students tion age, however MCPU believes that information of Purbanchal University including not only the gathering and network development is far more academic fieldbut as well as personal development important for the students who aspire to achieve the that is overlooked by many such organizations in pinnacle of management professionalism. So, MCPU is Nepal. providing gathering such practical and accurate information and factual data that are further utilized As we know, “Change is an inevitable part of life.” through itsdifferent programsi.e. training, interaction, which is evidentin the world that we live inwith its discussion, resources center and debate and more rapidemerging trends and technologies. It is almost an importantly MCPU question banks are provided to obligation for each of us to adapt to these changesand students in lowest cost possible that are used as addi- more so for students who have chosen the manage- tional educational material for their exams. ment as their field of study. However, ‘Nepali Educa- tion System’ is not apt in providing practical and MCPU is a student purposeful organization and we useful real life skills to students because it is plagued believe that members of MCPU should help each by age old curriculum and traditional teaching meth- other as well as those who are in need. With this odologies. conclusion this article closes, “Are you also ready to join us towards a bright future which we envision MCPU is one of the leaders in organizing events aimed together build in friendship and mutual relationships?”

Kantipur City College Page 37 Criticism of the capitalism by Marxism Alisha Pokhrel BBA Batch 2012, KCC Who do you think are the perfect environment for us to be communist? but there are several flaws and the These days’ workers are being If you think one with the arms and criticisms that has been taught by specialized such that workers are ammunitions are communist. If so the communism and the philoso- treated as production house with change the perception. Commu- phy of it. So, this manifesto states higher level of productivity. Such nist are communists because they capitalism is not an ideal concept that bourgeoisie evaluate man- are inclined towards the proletari- to be. By reading the previous power upon their creation i.e. an rather than bourgeoisies. They sentence ones mind could be output or performance. Because are the one who seeks for propor- frowned with the question of capitalist doesn’t consider every- tionate distribution of the wealth why? So, Marx criticizes the one has different talent and skills and the right to all human races capitalism by stating following than other. whereas they do believe earth clauses: owes us rather than we own the But communists as well as we also earth. know that when sugar is excessive- ly consumed it tends to taste Besides, does it ever poked you? bitter. Likely when human continu- Why the world is controlled by the ously work in same task repeated- few ones? Why 99% of total ly creativity declines due to wealth of the world is owned by unchallenging actions and s/he the 1% population of the world? will never be satisfied with the Why the cost of education, health value added by them in the partic- services and soon are hiked up? ular product and tasks daily. Every And, there are hundreds of ques- human wants to create something tions about the inferiority and the 1. Modern work is alienat- of their own but by doing some fallacy that is leaded via capital- ed: task continuously can make them ism. With few days of my read I Have you ever felt bored in office fluent but it could never quench tend to figure out communism is or anywhere by doing regular their thirst to become someone. good for mankind with few main- tedious specialized task? If you felt Therefore they feel unsatisfied tenance of the loopholes. Where- like this you are most prone to be and alienated. as we are now living in the capital- alienated and want to leave that ist society where we feel this is the specific task.

Page 38 Kantipur City College Volume 5, Issue 5 l Students Magazine 2016 ployed ones as the useless, where 4. Capitalism is very unsta- a real communist believe them as ble: a kind of the liberalized or freed Capitalism is very unstable one. More than this, communist because we all are greedy and teaches us no private property or wants to gain higher return ability inherited wealth, government by taking enormous risks which controlled finance and banking, may lead to some fatalities or communication, transportation, crisis .i.e. economic unhealthiness health, education and soon 2. Modern work is inse- means in every week, months, because government is there to cure: years or soon we can see series of act on the behalf of public good These days’ works are automated crashes like of 1929, 1970, whereas the capitalism teaches us where tasks and jobs are being 1973……2000,2008 and many to be succumb, anxious, competi- conducted by the machines rather more minor crashes. tive, conformist and politically than human beings. Previously for complacent. instance, suppose five workers are These fatalities are sure due to the required to accomplish a task but market condition where produc- P.s. There are many flaws of com- these day a machine and a human tion is more than the consump- munism and several good faces of could accomplish the same task tion; also this can be said as the the capitalism as well but these more efficiently by reducing the crisis of abundance rather than of are written from the communist’s human employment rate. More- shortage. So, with several human prospects. over to it human beings are behavior and the economic expendables but when one is systems it can be said that capital- References: specialized, s/he could not ism is very prone to severities. http://thephilosophersmail.com/- contribute elsewhere rather than capitalism/the-great-philoso- their specific field which makes 5. Capitalism is bad for phers-karl-marx/ them isolated and if their comfort capitalist as well: The communist manifesto book by zone fall off due to unfortunate Obviously, this point has pinched Karl Marx and Friederich Engels. circumstances they will become of you as well; I think it because you no use. For example few decades think to yourself that you are now back letters used to be delivered living with the no problems and by the postmen’s but these days tension with this system. But, this it’s all done on a click through is internalized by very limited smart computerized devices and number of people only but every- the postmen’s are now being of body has felt in some point of time low use. that interest of everybody is on materialism i.e. commodity fetish- 3. Workers get paid little ism a psychological condition while capitalists gets rich: where people value ones as per his This is very obvious and implicated possession and are at heart want quote Marx had ever proposed. the prosperity in the life i.e. However we are also the victim of economic interest. Also, there are this circumstances and also can some or almost many people who feel we employee are being under- are attracted to someone or paid by our employer where as others due to financial reason and our patron are enjoying the hefty stability. I’ll fatedly we don’t want amount by exploiting the proletar- to appreciate and promote hones- ians labor, this scenario Marx ty and quality for the sake of mali- called as stealing profit from the cious profit. talent of the worker. Besides this, the bourgeois sees profit as a However, communism believes reward but he termed this as a one should be free from the finan- primitive accumulation by snatch- cial obligations and people must ing others efforts. value each other by sensibleness, healthiness and the choiceness of the person.

Similarly, capitalist think unem-

Kantipur City College Page 39 Analysis of Food Delivery Market of Nepal Startups need to think Strategically

Prasanna Acharya Student, KU

The app economy of Nepal is still in the amateur within 45 minutes. It has now been experiencing 150 phase. The use of apps is still not influencing the lives orders per day and food sales of one Lakhs. Recently, of people even though the latest internet and mobile another app has entered the food delivery market phone penetration statistics has shown some encour- Bhoj Deals, which works as different business model aging signs. The mobile penetration rate has been than Foodmandu. Beside this, there are other around 105 percent of the total population and brick-and-mortar food delivery services (Lunch Hour. likewise, the internet penetration rate has been Chahari, Chamena), which are perhaps finding around 45 percent. With such growing use of phones difficulty in scaling up. It is because technology is yet and internet, the app economy is limited to use of few to be used to make operations efficient. apps such as Facebook, Viber, Skype, MX player, etc (which are foreign companies’ apps) and Hamro Patro, Let us, analyze the food delivery service market of Nepali Dictionary, Nepal Loadshedding Schedule, Nepal. Before that, we must understand that there are Nepali Patro etc. (which are Nepali companies’ three phases in the operation of food delivery service. apps).There are other sectors where Nepalese Tech They are: Entrepreneurs’ can cash in their money and thereby increasing the reach of app economy. • Order Taking

One possible and lucrative sector is On-demand food • Cooking delivery service. Foodmandu Pvt. Ltd is perhaps the pioneer in this sector. Since, its establishment in the • Delivery year 2010 A.D., it has ruled the food delivery service market. It is an online food ordering and delivery com- Based on who carries out which phase, the food deliv- pany where foodies can order from their most loved ery service companies have their direct and indirect restaurants online and get it delivered at your home competitors.

Page 40 Kantipur City College Volume 5, Issue 5 l Students Magazine 2016

Following Venn diagram shows the types of compa- kind of company i.e. pure software company growing nies competing in the food delivery market. exponentially.

Another market segment, the brick and mortar food delivery companies are also prevalent in Nepal, Lunch Hour to name one. This type of company is involved in all three phases of food delivery including ordering, cooking and delivery. They take orders from their own online platform, or facebook or email. Then, they cook food as per the orders and then lastly they have to deliver the ordered food to the destination. These three phases are very painful for such meal delivery startups. I would suggest letting go one phase and partner that with other related company. The reason is that lot of upfront investment is required in ordering, cooking and delivery, which could be very painful Based on above diagram, it can be seen that the only for startups. This would lead to slow growth. For one player in On-demand service market is Foodman- example, these startups can let go delivery phase with du. The major revenue stream for Foodmandu is com- logistic companies such as KTM Couriers and Nepal mission and listing fees. In every order from Food- Express Delivery. Similarly, they can crowd-source the mandu, certain commission is set aside for revenue food from small restaurants and café. In this way, they for Foodmandu. Foodmandu is gradually experiencing would have money to scale up rather than investing in growth as internet and app users are increasing. all three phases. While in another market segment of pure software layer, there was no company competing for the Now, regarding segment of on-demand food delivery pioneer spot, beside, Bhoj Deals which has recently service, there are two players i.e. Foodmandu and been launched. This type of company have totally Bhoj deals. They should have grown very fast but due different business model as they only list the restau- to fewer users using apps, the number of orders Food- rants on their app and websites where diners can get mandu is receiving is currently around only 150, even access to and get to know about the available restau- they have been in the business for 6 years. The only rants and the deals they are offering. Likewise, if reason they are increasing revenue because of high restaurants have their own delivery system, this type amount of purchase per order. It can be calculated as of company can have order and deliver feature added Rs. 1000 per order ( 1.5 lakhs per day food sales divid- to their app besides only listing them for customers to ed by 150 orders per day). The major constraint for find conveniently. The main task of such company is to them is in the demand-side because they are not handle and create orders for the partnered restau- being able to increase the number of orders. The rants. However, latter is much difficult in Nepal as culture of food delivery at homes and offices is still restaurants in Nepal do not have their own delivery not there in Nepal. The supply side is not a head-ache operation. So, tech entrepreneurs can invest in devel- for Foodmandu because there are hundreds of restau- oping great apps that create convenience for diners of rants in Kathmandu Valley. So, I would suggest them Nepal by listing the great nearby restaurants offering to think strategically by partnering with logistic great taste deals. So basically, pure software compa- service providers of Nepal for carrying out certain nies in this market segment should market themselves load of the delivery phase. They will then have more as restaurant-discovery apps than directly involving in money to spend for creating more demand for their the delivery of foods. Bhoj Deals works in the similar service. They should expand to other cities of Nepal way as it lists the nearby restaurants as well as soon because the new competitors might enter soon promotes the offers and discounts provided by the in this segment. They should not be complacent just restaurants. The revenue stream of this type of com- thinking about being a first mover and should collect pany is listing fees, advertising fees or even commis- funding soon to move into other cities before new sion fees. These type of software-only company can competitors enter. scale up very easily as they only have to focus on Order Management and Creation, the rest two steps The startups should make use of technology to are carried out by partnering restaurants. For become efficient and ensure convenience to the evidence, we do not need to go far, Indian based customers in food delivery industry. They should also online restaurant discovery service, Zomato has invest more money in creation of demand. The limited grown tremendously operating in over 20 countries. amount of money should be invested wisely and then Similarly, Grubhub and Foodpanda are also in similar scale up.

Kantipur City College Page 41 Capital Market of Nepal; Padam Dahal Lecturer, BBA, KCC an Introduction and Current Scenario Introduction news depends on marketing Capital Market is one of the most Current Scenario of Capi- indicators. Nepalese Stock Market significant aspects of every tal Market in Nepal is totally dominated by bank and financial market where securities In developing and under-devel- financial institutions, hydropower such as shares and bonds are oped countries where capital is and hotels. People use to feel relax issued to raise medium to scare, the absence of a developed to invest in share of commercial long-term financing, and where capital market is a greater banks and hydropower in terms of the securities are traded. It deals hindrance to capital formation and their high return and low risk. shares and debentures of corpora- economic growth. Even though tion, and bonds and securities of the people are poor, yet they do Little Investment Counts government. Shares are issued by not have any inducements to save. in future; basically for a company to raise money for Others who save, they invest their young investors permanent capital. Bonds could saving in wasteful and unproduc- It is very significant to young inves- also issued by other entities in tive channel such as gold, jewelry, tors to invest low budget either in need of long-term cash, such as real state, conspicuous etc. In primary market or secondary regional or national government. Nepal, many few literate people market which also helps them to The securities are issued in what is are known about capital market learn about value of money in the known as primary market and but involvement of people in this early age of their life. It helps to traded in secondary market. sector is climbing these days make a habit of saving and secure Money markets are used for from unnecessary expenses. If we collecting of short-term financing Barun Hydropower Company and accumulated small amount of such as certified of deposit, com- Janauthan Lagubitta Bikash Bank saving, it convert into huge capital mercial paper, treasury bills, bank- collected more than 100 times and which creates more jobs, mobiliza- er’s acceptance etc. 355 times application from the tion of resources and contribution public in Initial Public Offering in production. This market always Role (IPO) which is even surprised to makes people to think about the Capital Market plays important company’s officials. This proves return of money and their busi- role in the national economy. It that Nepalese investors are keen ness idea. always encourages economic to invest their saving or amount in growth. The various corporations share market. That’s good too to “Stock market is not for weak which operate in the capital jump into primary market which hearted people”, Rajendra Choda. market give quantities and qualita- does not carry much risk. Vijaya It means there is a lots of risk in tive direction to the flow of funds LAghubitta and ILFCO Microfi- capital market in anywhere not and bring rational allocation of nance also collected Rs.3.78 arba only in Nepal. But, it depends on resources. They convert financial and Rs.2.30 arba; oversubscribed how we perform. Holding the assets into productive physical by 90 and 57 times respectively in share of good performance com- assets. This leads to the develop- IPO. pany at the time of down market, ment of commerce and industry depth study about financial through the private and public The NEPSE Index was ranging performance before purchasing sector. This market helps to mobi- between 920 to960 from couple of the share, analyze the business lize the saving, capital formation, months. The NEPSE Index use to environment scenarios, compare entrepreneurship growth and fall basically in the months of Chai- the return and investment national growth. A developed, tra but it did not go that much of amount, make decision at the right dynamic and vibrant capital down how much it had to be which time, portfolio investment, aware market can immensely contribute is good sign for investors also. about the market news etc help to foe speedy economic growth and Mostly, it fluctuates according to make safe and favorable transac- development. political scenario and manipulated tions.

Page 42 Kantipur City College Time for entering in the capital market People who enter into capital market as a investors Life As An Engineering Student always imagine optimistic marketing condition. But the capital market is the one of the most fluctuat- The Oxford English Dictionary defines engineering as ing market in the world. The financial market envi- “The branch of science and technology concerned with ronment is still very conducive to stock market as the design, building,modification or development in a there is not shortage of liquidity in market. Even particular area”. Personally, for me engineering has been a though, most investors are stepping back and still learning experience, it has been life-changing experience. waiting the opportunity of some falling point of After studying four years course of Computer Engineering, NEPSE Index. It is very difficult to forecast about I feel like I can write something about life of an Engineer- the future of capital market but we start slowly to ing student. learn about it our self after entering in this market. Political consensus between all the parties, good To start with let me tell you “It is not EASY”. Actually to governance, political stability and favorable invest- study, no subject is easy but you need to adjust yourself, ment environment policies definitely hit each and and once you get a hang of it, trust me you will start enjoy- every sector of a nation including capital market ing it. For me, especially being the only girl in our class, also. and since I come from an all-girls school, it felt like a huge deal being surrounded by boys all day in the class. Initially, there was no interaction, but at the end of the four years I realized the amazing souls. I made good friends and they helped me get through all those long hours of lectures, those codes that just kept giving back errors, that missing semicolon (my computer engineering friends would understand), fighting, making jokes, stealing each other’s food and the list goes on. Engineering itself is not easy, the journey, the four years you spend in college makes it worthwhile.

Every Computer engineering student in some point in life will start wondering why are we studying physics, electronics and math, “when are we going to start hacking?” Oh, well. That’s a good question. Never. WE DON’T LEARN TO HACK in college. “At least, I will code a lot!” Sorry again, but you are going to be a programmer less than you would expect. When you assume that most of the things you believe are not true, you’ll know if you like this degree or not. At the same time, people are going to ask for help. For instance, “can you fix my computer?” which is never ending. You can’t get away of these questions. Believe me or not, but if you get involved in an IT degree, you are not going to study how to create a Face- book account and then delete it, or how to fix a computer that just won’t start up.We all know, a Bachelors degree helps us to carve a path for ourselves into our professional lives. For me, I can say that after all those sleepless nights, the all-nighters, the panicky phone calls to your friends at night before the exams, the relentless assignments, presentations is all going to be worth it in the end. It will make you a whole new, mature person at the end of the four years. You just need to hang on, and have a little patience and perseverance. Kantipur City College Page 43 Students Magazine 2016 l Issue 5, Volume 5

Compiled by Bimal Karki BBA Batch 2015, KCC

Education is a basic need of every tives. The purpose is multidimen- grow constantly for a long time to society. Today, education has sional and termed as personal, come. The quantitative expansion become a necessity for everyone. social, economic, and cultural. is evident due to increasing aspira- Survival without education is Education, particularly, higher tion of the people and social, becoming more and more difficult education cannot be divorced economic, and political forces with each passing day. A better from its milieu and social context. influencing the development of education system can enhance Religious, moral, historical, and higher education. After the resto- and improve the social, scientific, cultural ethos permeates through ration of democracy, the role of and technological capability of a the fabric of the educational higher education has been very country. Furthermore, the human system of a country. well recognized in the develop- resource development of a coun- ment of science and technology, as try depends upon the quality of Challenges in Higher Edu- well as various arenas of human education imparted in country. cation advancement. Higher eduction is catered in the Higher education faces very severe different colleges and universities. challenges regarding economic, Equity: It is academically considered social, political, and moral volatili- The philosophy of social justice is suitable to present distinctive ty, and its future depends on the like the principle of equity. It is a features into two stages for trans- response of people towards these welcome development over the parency of concepts and avoiding challenges. The problems plagu- concept of inequality which was doubling-up. Higher education is ing the educational system of sought to be explained by biologi- admittedly a separate stage quite Nepal are multidimensional like cal differences among individuals. distinct from primary, secondary, population explosion, lack of The philosophy of equality of men elementary, and higher secondary participation of the private being applied to political process, education. sector, lack of resources, shortage distribution of property, and of qualified man-power, unpre- productive resources i.e. viewed Higher education is recognized dictability in the policies of a as the source of inequities in today as a capital investment variety of regimes, political insta- society. This approach helped the which has major importance in bility, ineffective educational man- development of capabilities economic and social development agement system, depletion of among men through equal distri- of the country. Institutions of resources, and poor implementa- bution of higher educational higher education have the primary tion of policies and program etc. opportunities both in quality and responsibility to equip individuals The major challenges in higher quantity. The growing numbers of with advanced knowledge and education in Nepal are pointed colleges and universities have skills required for positions of below: provided access to higher educa- responsibility in government, busi- tion to the people in various parts ness, and other professions. Quali- Quantity: and sections of Nepal. But the ty higher education is a source of Despite the limitation of resourc- enrolments of students’ especially great potential for the socio-eco- es, the quantitative growth has female students are relatively very nomic and cultural development been amazing after the restoration small. of the country. Thus, a developing of democracy. The institutions nation can be transformed into a have not only multiplied but the developed nation. students enrolments at universities and colleges have registered The purpose of higher education is high rate of growth remarkably. not simply to impart knowledge. It Despite quality control as well as has deeper meaning and objec- consolidation, it will continue to Page 44 Kantipur City College Volume 5, Issue 5 l Students Magazine 2016

Quality: and political issues. The university acter of the institution, it should Development of society not only students should learn to think be expressed in legislation of the depends upon quantity of goods about possible solutions to this governing board. Educational and services produced, but also on fast-changing world. So, to achieve polices include such fundamental their quality. It again leads to qual- this, the students at the university matters as the subject matter and ity of life of the people and the level need to get much deeper methods of instruction, facilities quality of the society in general. It knowledge about the citizens’ role and support for the research work is rightly said that the philosophi- in society and the new opportuni- of faculty members and students, cal basis of quality is the innate ties that open to the student due standards for admission of characteristics of a human being to economic development and students, etc. The faculty should to attain a higher standard and the technological advancement. also actively participate in deci- need of excellence for attaining a sions made on other matters that higher stage in the development. may directly affect the educational The scope of the idea of quality is policies for which it is primarily severely limited by two widely responsible. These matters prevailing views. On the one hand include major changes in the size quality is a selective phenomenon of the student body, significant and only few can attain it and on alteration in the academic calen- the other hand quality for quality dar, establishment of new colleges sake or with regards to specific and universities or division, the area rather than quality as mutual- provision of extension services to ly exclusive and emphasize selec- the community, and assumption tively at the expense of equity. Faculty: by the institution of research. The current size of present faculty Student Unrest: is very small per the general inter- Courses and Curricula: Among the challenges of higher national standard. The teacher/- The courses and curricula are not education is the vital role of student ratio is very small even per designed in accordance with the addressing students’ unrest. The many third world countries stan- standard of higher education of condition of higher education in dards. The quality of university the present day. It is seen that so universities and campuses is not education at the campuses has many important and modern satisfactory in the eyes of decreased because of the exiting courses required for higher educa- students. Lack of physical and faculty. Many present faculty tion are not taught at all. The educational facilities is bringing members are teaching courses curricula are not written in detail much hindrance in the way of which are not their own specializa- and are left to the professor’s development. Teachers are less tion. Most of the teachers are personal likes, dislikes, interests or motivated to do certain research appointed by political influence. experience. The basic science work. Most teachers are not com- Many faculty members in most of courses are not designed well to fit petent, and they are teaching in the universities are just master the need of the students, and they higher education institutions. degree holders with little or no are not well organized, or correctly They have limited knowledge practical knowledge and higher supervised by the department. about subject matter they taught education experiences.The salary, There are not well equipped facul- and many of them have no clear financial rewards and benefits for ty and administration offices, idea about the subject. They feel it the faculty is very low per the classrooms, or engineering, difficult to indulge in research rising cost of living in Nepal. There science, and other laboratories for work due to lack of knowledge is no real plan or set of rules for the growing student body and about research methodologies teaching evaluation or teaching faculty members. and training. The most important effectiveness. Therefore, appropri- problems of higher education in ate action should be taken to Unemployment: While Nepal are the political involve- provide an attractive and competi- education cannot directly reduce ment of students. It is found that tive faculty salary; reasonable unemployment, except by requir- most students of humanities and teaching and research assigning more teachers, a reform of the social sciences, and management ments and benefits to attract top educational system could help rather than engineering technolo- ranking educators. alleviate its impact especially on gy, science, and medicine get Educational Policies: young people. In the sense of involved in political activities. The faculty should have primaryre- employment, the planners of Therefore, social or academic sponsibilities to determine the higher education are handicapped background is an important factor educational policies of the institu- in the assessment of the actual in determining the attitude of the tion. If this responsibility is not labor market needs for skills in students toward social economic conferred and defined by the char- various sectors of the economy.

Kantipur City College Page 45 Are you a leader?

Check what Abhas Dharananda Rajopadhyaya Kautilya Lecturer, MA MCJ, KCC asks of a leader! leader, while it has been discussed in many other chapters.

rājānaṃ anūttiṣṭhante bhṛttyāḥ ||1|| pramādyantaṃ anūpramādyanti ||2|| How far do you consider yourself a leader? Think of it karmāṇi cāsya bhakṣayanti ||3|| for a second or two. Now, while you rated your leader- (If a king isdviṣadbhiścāti energetic, so willsandhīyate his subjects ||4|| be; if he is ship reckless, so will his subjects be and thence will eat qualities, what prerequisites did you set? into his works. Besides, a reckless king will easily fall into the hands of his enemies. Hence, the king shall Most might consider political power, or any sort of ever be wakeful.) control over the followers, while some may resort to financial power. Others may take a position granted This translation by R Shamasastry (1915:50) discusses for leadership. While all these may or may not stand on the duties of a king, which for the purpose of this true in all cases, modern leadership agrees on setting article, I shall deal as the duties of a leader. In that a vision and imparting the same onto a team, and light, the leader then must be 'wakeful' and 'energet- thereby coordinating and balancing for the same. ic' so that the entire team becomes energetic. Here's Different leadership theories circumambulate on one how Kauṭilya asks a leader should begin the day. (Note or many of these aspects. that this list has been revised to conform to the duties of a leader.) These works should be done during the Purposely, this article focuses on Kauṭilya (aka day time — Cāṇakya or Viṣṇugupta?) famous for a book entitled Arthaśāstra written at the turn of 4th to 3rd century 1. Financial monitoring BC, almost contemporary to the Greek philosopher, Arthaśāstra gives a good emphasis on the financial Aristotle. While the literal translation of Arthaśāstra clarity, which the leader shall monitor daily. All the would be economics, but many prefer to translate it as plans of action shall depend on the financial stand of "science of politics" and yet it is still incomplete match the team. to a treatise covering broader aspects of statecrafts, military strategy, economic policy, management, 2. Look into public affairs ethics, diplomacy and theories of war and peace. Next, a leader should also look into the affairs of the public to which the team is responsible. For a king, the I refer to Arthaśāstra's Book I: Discipline, Chapter XIX public would be the citizens; for a manager, it would entitled "Duties of a king" as Kauṭilya's definition of a be the clients.

Page 46 Kantipur City College Volume 5, Issue 5 l Students Magazine 2016 3. Attend bottom-level managers activities. Receiving benedictions from teachers or As we talk of collaborative leadership today, Kauṭilya priests or any senior members can bring positivity back then had hinted it. The leader then should "safe- every day. guard the process, facilitate interaction and patiently deal with high level of frustrations". (Chrislip, 2002) Arthaśāstra also gives a space to alter this timetable in conformity to a leader's capacity. Kauṭilya rightly 4. Correspond with mid-level managers warns thus — The frustrations and challenges for the bottom-level managers should then be dealt with mid-level managers, which the leader should facilitate. This also includes knowing the deltas, so as to better perform upasthānagataḥ kāryārthināṃ advārāsaṅgaṃ thence. kārayet||26|| durdaśoḥ hi rājā kāryākāryaviparyāsaṃ āsannaiḥ 5. Personal time Whenkāryate in ||27|| duty, do not cause any petitioners to wait at This is personal time for a leader — especially meant the door, for when a leader shall be inaccessible to a for recreation and other amusing or self-deliberation. team or entrust such work to immediate officers every All routine works must include study, for a leader time, s/he may surely engender confusion and there- without study, Kauṭilya claims, cannot set a good by cause disaffection in his/her team. And — vision. - 6. Analyze strengths Arthaśāstra discusses this in the light of warfare, but kṛcchrasādhyaṃ atikrāntaṃ asādhyaṃ vā'pi jāya for a leader it could be in Dotet||26|| not put off any urgent things in whatsoever case, analyzing the strengths. Here, I expand to SWOT anal- for when they are thus postponed, they will prove too ysis as considering only strengths may not function hard or almost impossible for accomplishment. For perfectly well. Kauṭilya's version of a leader, the vow is his/her readi- ness to action, performance is satisfactory discharge 7. Strategy and action of his/her duties and ablution is his/her equal atten- Next, the leader should decide a proper strategy and tion to everyone. step forth for a proper action, based on the analysis and/or self-deliberation in above points. prajāsukhe sukhaṃ rajñaḥ prajānāṃ ca hite hitaṃ | At the end of the day, upon completion of regular nātmapriyaṃ hitaṃ rajñaḥ prajānāṃ tu priye hitaṃ evening chores, a leader should also use night wisely In||34|| the happiness of others or a team, a leader must be as Arthaśāstra describes. The duties of a leader at happy; in their welfare is a leader's welfare; whatever night time are pleases a leader is not to be considered good, but mentioned below — whatever pleases the team shall be considered good. Thus, the root of a leader's wealth is his/her activity 1. Talk to others for the team. In absence of such activity, the leader A leader shall talk to people, a lot of them to see if shall ultimately perish. his/her works are effective and what could be done further. Selecting important suggestions and envision- ing are artful duty; one does this the best would come up with best outcomes.

2. Recall day's duty (I have omitted here sound sleep for 3 hours, as Kauṭi- lya describes.) Immediately upon waking up from the bed, a leader shall recall the day's work in mind. 3. Administrative works A leader should carefully monitor into administrative works and process. This is to be done early in the morning before sunrise. 4. Towards positivity Positivity is a must for everyone; some attain it with meditation, others by religious

Kantipur City College Page 47 Students Magazine 2016 l Issue 5, Volume 5

Majestic Mountains around the Capital Saroj Pandey Photo Story Deputy Head, IT, KCC

Nepal, beautiful Himalayan country in South Asia simply fascinating. Different hill stations of Kathman- encompasses diverse geography, from the fertile du valley such as Phulchoki, Nagarkot, Chovar, Chan- plains to forested hills and snow peaked stunning dragiri offer majestic scenes. You don’t need to trek mountains. Great mountain range makes up the for long to experience the magnificence of the Hima- northern part of the country. It has eight of the layas. world’s ten ‘eight-thousanders’ including Mount Ever- est, the highest point on Earth in the elevation of 8848 Here, I am offering you the beauty Chandragiri hill meters. Without any doubt, this Himalayan nation is offered me few days back. Chandragiri Hill, lying on the definitive goal for the mountain lovers as hiking the South-West of Kathmandu valley in the elevation and trekking in the rugged trails watching the pristine of 2551 metersis seven KM far from Thankot and you mountains make you feel alive. have numerous options to reach there – Hike for 3 to 4 Hours, Drive on rugged road for an hour or on Cable Kathmandu, capital city of Nepal is far more amazing car in just 10 to 15 minutes. Breathtaking panoramic than people think. Standing at an elevation of approxi- views of soaring Himalayan ranges from Annapurna to mately 1400 meters above sea level, the bowl-shaped Mount Everest as well as hilly landscapes are what city has extraordinary things to offer. From cultural mesmerize you after reaching there. and artistic heritage to awesome surroundings, it’s

Manaslu, Ngadi Chuli, Himal Chuli, Bhauda Himal Lamjung Himal and Annapurna Mountain Range. and Ganesh Himal Range.

Ganesh Himal, Luri Himal and Langtang Lirung along Langtang Lirung, Dogpache, Sishapangma, with pristine front landscape. Phola Gangchhen and Dorje Lakpa

Page 48 Kantipur City College Volume 5, Issue 5 l Students Magazine 2016

Dorje Lakpa, Jugal, Gauri Shankar, Melungtse, Mount Everest and Kathmandu Valley Mount Manaslu

Ganesh Himal Mount Luri and Langtang Lirung

Shishapangma and Gangchempo Dorje Lakpa

Gauri Shankar, Melungtse, Kang Nachugo, Jugal Mountain Range Mount Everest (Mountain of the back just below the white dot) Kantipur City College Page 49 Students Magazine 2016 l Issue 5, Volume 5

Hill stations around Kathmandu valley can’t always offer the best Himalayan beauty, I am not talking about the monsoon season, but the dust and pollution over the city mostly distracts the Mountain View. Let’s practice to become ecof- riendly so mesmerizing beauty that dilates our pupil remains for the future to come.

The Capital City in the lap of Majestic Mountains hamroresult.com

We are in the era of information based web, hamroresult.com has of trees are being cut down just to and technology, where every been designed to fit for all schools. make paper we are using. Focusing information of every field flows in on this, hamroresult.com has the coded form. Every human and hamroresult.com is a result introduced new concept. As every sector are using information software which works online. This todays’ students and parents love and technology as the way to com- web calculates and presents the to access the result in advance municate. Our country Nepal is result according the latest grading manner, just staying at home and also not away in using technology. system provided by education just with some clicks. One doesn’t The use of informationand tech- ministry of Nepal.It provides result want paper printed mark sheet nology can also be observed in of every individual student with until it so necessary. Lot of paper, education sector of Nepal. School, proper grading and accurate grade money, time and environment can collages, education related offices point average (GPA). Hardware be saved by this effort. are also using information and problem has been the major prob- technology in different form. lem during the apex time of result hamroresult.com has revolution- preparation. Hence, this web has ized the system of software Every student and school wants become solution for such prob- making and publishing in tradi- easy access on information regard- lem. One doesn’t have to wait for tional way. Online result dream of ing the school. Every school the repair of same computer to students is now out. Hamrore- students wants their result and continue their work. Access is easy sult.com is believed to be over evaluation access through inter- from any computer. All result data whole country corner where internet. There are number of schools are secure in server. Hence, data net service is available. Complete- can be counted in finger which are remains secure for long period of ly new concept, and revolutionary providing access of students result time, which can be accessed any idea in the field of education online. Most of the school has not time. system in Nepal can be used by provided this facility to students every school and students in every due to extra burden of uploading In todays’ competitive time one corner of country. Even school and huge data of students as it has to be expert in computer to students in remote area will be requires time, effort and manpow- use any advance application. But able to share their result through er. hamroresult.com has been to be this wide platform. Most of the very user friendly. Just basic com- school students and even parents Considering this problem and to puter literate manpower can are expert in using gadget and revolutionize the result publica- update and publish the result. computer in this digital age. Our tion system in Nepal Ultrabyte Result are being published without country Nepal has good access of International Pvt. Ltd a well known any extra manpower. internet over the country. Every- software company has launched one can view result through application based software which As world is going eco-friendly gadget and computer. This web is provides common platform to hamroresult.com has introduce believed to be covering the whole explore their result online to all the concept of “Paperless Mark country with in the end of the next schools of Nepal. This application Sheet”. Thousands and thousands year.

Page 50 Kantipur City College Volume 5, Issue 5 l Students Magazine 2016

“BETTER BE A LEADER, employees have no idea what is on your mind, your THAN TO BE A FOLLOWER” leadership is going to tail off. Employees are not naturally mind readers.

If an employee is experiencing a difficulty, good communication can sort it out. You as a leader can dissect Sumita Maharjan the problem and put forward solutions in diverse BBA Batch 2015, KCC ways. Ideas that are given to workers work equally. Employees can give helpful feedback and generate To be a successful leader, we need to learn from new ideas to you that help the company as well, if people especially intelligent people and get their only good communication exists. support. We also need to work, get help, assistance, influence and acquire active involvement of lot of Some say great leaders are born, not made, and while other people to achieve our goals. A primary task of there are some born leaders, many more have honed leadership is to focus on their own interest. Being their leadership skills through extensive practice. So, focused, commonly mean thinking about one thing if you are not one among a born leader, but want to while filtering our distractions. discover how to be, this article will show you what you require to do to become the most successful leader Every leader needs to cultivate this triad of aware- you can be. ness, in abundance and in the balanced way. Failing to focus the innermost part leaves you rudderless, My own view is that leadership is a process to trans- whereas failing to focus on others renders you clue- form or craft something from what otherwise would less, and if one fails to focus on external elements, it be chaos. It must be extremely flexible and it may leave him or her blindsided. Leadership has noth- demands consciousness, skills, and sensitivity. Leader- ing to do with seniority or one’s position in the hierar- ship is being human. For me, the blend of these chy of a company; Leadership doesn’t automatically approaches and theories is the proper leadership ensue when you reach a definite pay grade. Hopefully theory. They are all equally eye opening for everyone you discover it there, but there is no assurance. in any organization whatsoever.

Margaret Thatcher once said, “Don’t follow the crowd, let the crowd follow you.” Leaders are learners from success, failures, assignments, books, classes, people, and life itself. Passionate about their beliefs and interests, they expend enormous personal energy on and give great attention to anything matters to them. Effective leaders motivate loyalty and benevo- lence in others as they themselves act with integrity and trust. They are capable of bold and courageous moves. They are also confident in their ability to deal with situations as they arise and they can tolerate uncertainty. All leaders must excel at personal proficiency. Without the foundations of trust and credibili- ty, you cannot ask others to follow you. While individuals may have different styles, an individual leader must be seen as having personal proficiency to engage followers. This is perhaps the toughest of other spheres to instruct and some individual are naturally more talented than others.

“Today a reader, tomorrow a leader,” said Margaret Fuller. Communication is one of the vital factors of good leadership. In other words, it is one of the key elements of leadership. Good communication skills need to be learned to become a good manager or leader. As a leader, while communicating you will be able to accurately convey your ideas and thoughts to those that work for you. In fact, simply being capable to express these things in the first place, much less precisely, puts you in the right path for leadership. If

Kantipur City College Page 51 Students Magazine 2016 l Issue 5, Volume 5 Conflict Management and Role of Youth Sushan Shrestha Senior Administrative Assistant, KCC

When dissimilar ideas muddle up goes on increasing until they lead youths can be a great resource for with one another, there arises an the country into a ditch of misery. managing conflicts and building action which is referred as conflict. The rocketing development better, more peaceful futures. Each brain is different from the process will be hindered. Great others. Among six billion people chaos ensues if there is conflict of One important role of youths is around the world, their thoughts motives among the youths. conflict management to “BE THE and motives are different. The CHANGE”. Once youngsters under- habit of putting one's own ideas at Youths can be regarded as the stand their responsibilities the topmost level and also the wealth of a country. They develop towards management of conflicts, everlasting relation between truth quality of broad-mindedness, the disturbances that hinder the and falsehood are the root causes personal integrity, personal disci- development, changes will of conflict. In one way or the other, pline and liberality. The youthful certainly occur. There will be no people's wish for gaining superior- phase is an age of passions, emo- complications in relationships and ity and becoming dominant tions, activities and vigor. Because therefore, there will be no increases the conflict. of their frontline positions in any conflicts.Youths can be the motiva- country, their input to any devel- tors of the nation. They have the Though ideas are initiated in every opment effort will go a long way in capability to handle any problem mind regardless of different ages, achieving desired objectives. and work for conflict manage- fresh, energetic and practical ones ment. They must not only change are more frequently the outcomes Youth are also poignant and imme- others but also try to change of youth's mind. Youths have the diate reminder to influence future themselves. They must be calm courage to put their thoughts into generations for minimizing and patient. The feeling of self action and have desire to keep conflicts. Youngsters partake in the superiority must be avoided. If them at the top, thus the conflict activities of their societies and there is conflict among them and begins. They either harm others or take on leadership roles. Their other people of different ages they run out themselves completely. If experiences, relationships, and must convince them and at least conflict is not properly handled, education will inevitably affect the listen to them. They should there remains no amenity among future of conflict and reconcilia- respect other's views as well. The the youths. The misunderstanding tion within their communities– for practice of such ideas can be good or bad purpose. Ultimately, better solution to avoid conflicts.

Page 52 Kantipur City College Supply Chain Management: A Tool to Minimize Naval Kisore Acharya Cost and Maximise Revenue Lecturer, BBA, KCC

Through economic boom and perfectly at individual level but the low level of inventory. bust, cut throat competition com- cannot perform well without panies must continually look for perfect integration of other Decreases Production Cost ways to improve efficiency and factors. Manufacturers depend on supply enhance return on capital, and is chains to reliably deliver materials one way to do so. Done right, the Supply Chain Strategies are the to assembly plants to avoid mate- payoff will be there. So, why do critical backbone to Business Orga- rial shortages that would shut many companies neglect a hidden nizations today. Effective Market down production. lever -- that can dramatically coverage, Availability of Products improve an enterprise's total at locations that hold the key to Decreases Total Supply performance? One reason, revenue recognition depends Chain Cost perhaps, is that numerous execu- upon the effectiveness of Supply Manufacturers and retailers tives are stuck in a mind-set that Chain Strategy rolled out. Very depend on supply chain managers sees as conventional "purchasing," simply stated, when a product is to design networks that meet there mostly to hassle suppliers introduced in the market and customer service goals at the least into cutting prices. advertised, the entire market in total cost. Efficient supply chains the country and all the sales enable a firm to be more competi- However, Supply Chain Manage- counters need to have the product tive in the market place. For exam- ment (SCM) is a broad-based func- where the customer can buy and ple, Dell’s revolutionary computer tion that encompasses all business take delivery. Any glitch in the supply chain approach involved and operational processes product not being available at the making each computer based on a involved in but not limited to right time can result in the drop in specific customer order, then ship- Procurement, Manufacturing, and customer interest and demand ping the computer directly to the Finished Goods Transportation, which can be disastrous. Transpor- customer. As a result, Dell was able warehousing & Distribution and tation network design and man- to avoid having large computer Inventory Management.A supply agement assume importance to inventories sitting in warehouses chain consists of all parties support sales and marketing strat- and retail stores which saved involved, directly or indirectly, in egy. millions of dollars. Also, Dell avoid- fulfilling a customer request. It ed carrying computer inventories includes not only the manufactur- Supply chain management as a that could become technologically ers and suppliers, but customers tool to minimize cost and maxi- obsolete as computer technology themselves. A supply chain is mise revenue. changed rapidly. dynamic and involves the constant flow of information, product, and Minimizes inventory hold- Increases Profit Leverage funds between different stages. ing cost Supply chain management help The term supply chain conjures up Supply chain management works control and reduce supply chain images of product or supply so well that it tries to achieve right costs. This can result in dramatic moving from suppliers to manufac- product at right time for a right increment in firm profits. For turers to distributors to retailers to customer. With this, need of main- instance, U.S. consumers eat 2.7 customers along a chain. All the taining the large inventories billion packages of cereal annually, factors are so deliberately associ- decreases. Hence, all the cost like so decreasing U.S. cereal supply ated that all work independently rent for space, electricity, security, chain costs just one cent per cereal but all are interrelated. All works insurance of stock minimizes with box would result in $13 million

Kantipur City College Page 53 Students Magazine 2016 l Issue 5, Volume 5 dollars saved industry-wide as 13 the firm will avoid building four through trade partners that gives billion boxes of cereal flowed very expensive buildings.Lastly, we our company a distinct advantage through the improved supply may make a product that is not in the marketplace -- not product chain over a five year period. priced differently than the com- based, but supply chain service petitive product, has no different based -- then we are achieving this Decreases Fixed Assets brand equity than the product, SCM competitive advantage idea. Efficient Supply Chain helps to and is not promoted differently. In Now it’s a time to find the new and decrease the use of large fixed fact, the product looks, for the effective ways of supply chain assets such as plants, warehouses large part, like a commodity. process to reach the target and transportation vehicles in the There, seemingly, is no basis on market, target audience, at right supply chain. If supply chain which to compete, other than time with a right number of units. experts can redesign the network price. However, if we create a The scope and importance of to properly serve customers from cluster of services around a prod- supply chain is rapidly growing and six warehouses rather than ten, uct through the supply chain and it will not end anywhere soon.

Management in Practice in the Context of Nepal

Dipendra Kumar Yadav BBA Batch 2012, KCC

Nowadays employees are encouraged to attend • Learn to develop sincerity and dedication towards trainings, seminars and conferences but still organiza- profession whatever the level the manager may be. It tions do not give necessary attention to impart knowl- is a good platform to learn and grow. edge from those programs mentioned. However, it is • Focus should be to learn more about present world found that company’s reward system is progressive to practices with innovation in the work which should be encourage knowledge transfer among workers. duly rewarded. • Focus on studies and learning while at college. Not There was a considerable increment in demand for to worry about the jobs. Jobs follow automatically if human resources specialization for some years. It is a the candidate is sincere, dedicated and have no doubt reflection that managers are willing to have proper about earning good grades. human resources management system in their organi- • Learn from mistakes. Don’t panic to face the zation. Some of the Nepalese firms are still running challenges. Starting to work now and proving the with primitive management style and thus they capabilities is eminent. require effective and efficient management practice. • Should hardly worry about the past events and mistakes. These practical knowledge helps to earn To define, managing is a practice of art, organized more in the next job in case the present employer is knowledge about management is science. Hence, not ready to pay more and presents limited career conceptualizing career in manager as a profession is growth opportunities. the best idea to go ahead for the prosperity of individual, society, organization and as a whole nation. What is required? • Firms should be able to cover broad ranges of Nepalese market in terms of innovative products and services. For this, they require productive workforce and high level committed managers.

Page 54 Kantipur City College Volume 5, Issue 5 l Students Magazine 2016 Rastra Punarnirmaan ma Jutau

Binita Khatri BBA Batch 2012, KCC Dhurmus Suntali foundation is a leading non-profit organization in Nepal which is legally registered under the “Social Welfare Council” of the government of Nepal. Better known as Dhur- mus and Suntali the famous character Helping Hands of loved by many on television, the foundation is in capable hands. Dhurmus’ and ‘Suntali’ As Giranchaur in Sindhupalchowk, was one of the worst hit area by the 2015 • Well how would you like to introduce yourself to this soci- earthquakes, the locals were compelled ety? to live under make shift shelters for a I would like to define myself as a social worker and an actor (come- long time. In a bid to help them, the dian). Dhurmus- Suntali duo envisioned an integrated model settlement. The settle- • Recently where are you engaging yourself and hooking ment consisted of 65 quake resistant up? houses, five children friendly parks, and Well these days I’m engaged on our third project i.e. third unified a play ground, which was eventually community construction, which is located in Mohattari districts handed over to the locals on October 29 Bardibas V.D.C 2, where we’ve planned to construct around fifty 2016. houses in Mushar Basti.

It’s not a very easy and small task to • Are you satisfied with all the works that you’ve done and construct the settlements. The couple contributed in this society? had to face challenges too but they For now, I’m satisfied with whatever I have done till now but faced the challenges positively and due there’s a lot more left to work on. In that sense, I would like to work to this relentless optimism were much harder and elegantly. I’ve never been totally satisfied as an successful to construct 65 settlements. actor. So, I think this as one of the motivating factor for me to Thus in the coming days, we are com- contribute in society as a social worker. mitted and willing to help more people who are inhabitant of this nature. • How are you helping and contributing to the earthquake victims and society, this could be considered as a specimen They have established Dhurmus- Suntali task? What are the motivating factors- is it stirred by any foundation in 2072 B.S. as continuation sorts of circumstances, events or it’s your own thinking, of their social welfare works. They feelings or guts that encouraged you to do this task? began the project without substantial It’s a lesson taught by the earthquake and my guts provoked me to bank balance of their own, counting on do this. Nobody told me to do either this or that. I, myself realized what little they had, initiating the and started helping. If I would have consulted to any one or other I process by selling their home, but once could not be here helping people because people tend to think their project gained traction and trust of how can an actor contribute? Or they may say it’s not your field, the people, they managed to collect the just focus on your specialization. I’ve those feelings deep inside my necessary funds and are been able to mind and heart that after being the part of this society, country or help the helpless ones. It was a result of motherland. I must conduct and become a role model to the a hard but successful campaign on social society, hence with will and self motivation I started helping. media and the help of Nepalese residing within and outside the country, who are more than 5000 individuals and organizations making their invaluable contributions to bring their efforts to fruition.

To contribute in social work Dhurmus Suntali foundation was founded. Dhur- mus and Suntali are currently involved in many other social projects as well. Kantipur City College Page 55 Students Magazine 2016 l Issue 5, Volume 5 • During the construction process for reforming People who have helped us are like ‘oxygen’ for us. the community after the earthquake, what were Without them, we cannot sustain. So, they are like the challenges that you faced during the period? ‘god’ to us. As ‘Dhurmus’ and ‘Suntali’, either as actors There were significant number of hindrances and the or as social workers, we have been helped and hurdles! We only know what we are doing is some- supported by a large number of people. So, we would thing good and great. That includes the plan to recon- like to thank them from the bottom of our heart. struct our nation, as a unified nation, unified community and as a unified culture. This is a short way out to • Have you ever faced any political hurdles develop our nation but unfortunately the plan we during this conduct or not? proposed to remake our nation can’t be fulfilled at There are uncountable political hurdles that we’ve present. And at the mean time, people around us feel received from many places. Instead of us, if there a kind of uneasiness because our specialization is not would have been others, they would have left the in this sector though we are committed. So, it is obvi- work within few days. ous there are some people who don’t want progress and we acknowledge they have their own reasons for • How are you managing this project and the that view. Despite that, our aim is still to collect neces- resources like capital, humans and others from sary funds to construct community houses which by the beginning to till today? the way is kindly supported and approved by govern- We’ve got help more than we expected from the ment as we were awarded by them along with differ- people who love to serve the nation. Besides, we’ve ent local political parties as well. Likewise, to conduct also asked and requested for help. And, most impor- the project during rainy season is kind of difficult part tantly, our accounts are open to public there are no because obviously due to the rain itself which causes any frauds or cheatings. You can also check our further problem: vehicles could not run smoothly in accounts in the social site like facebook as well and those muddy roads, also the undue coercive forces we’ve also placed all our calculations, like receivables from the different sectors that we are facing regularly. and payables over there. I hope this openness of our But, one thing we know and believe is that when one accounts has helped us to this extent and this may be who is determined to change the things and systems, the reason why people believed us and supported us. one must face these obstacles and so we do not fear In addition, we think our presence in the actual work- it, we embrace it. place has also motivated the contributor, supporter and others to help us. • Do you have any expectation from the government or anticipate that government can help us? • In the end would you like to share any Individual, people, company or so on must have self thoughts among the readers and people? will to work on the behalf of nation rather than any I would like to say the most important factor is self-will kind of motivation by the government for the change. and other is motivation and courage to do anything. Motivation in the sense that, if any one who is willing Until and unless we gain the feeling of ‘we must do it’ to conduct anything in a community, providing appro- we are getting nowhere, the day you get this guts, priate environment and the infrastructure are the then the change begins. So, we must never lose hope major responsibility of the government. For instance, and move forward.We all are the citizen of the same we are constructing houses, we will construct it but nation, hence we must work together to achieve the basic infrastructures like drinking water, electrici- common goal. Now the time is ticking for the citizens ty, road, health post, and security are some of the to unite together and work for progress. Especially, responsibility but here we’ve to work ourselves for with the participation of the youth, the nation moves these aspects as well. So, I would like to suggest these towards the prosperity. Thousands are draining away things to government. for search of better future. So, we would like to call all the youths to participate in our nation development • After ten years where we can we visualize project. We’ve got all the essence and plans required ‘Dhurmus’ and ‘Suntali’? to make a prosperous nation. You can see us in this nation; up to that instance a beautiful nation would be made. Within 10 years this country Nepal will absolutely turn into a nation as per our imagination loaded with the natural beauties and the man made beauties. You can sense heaven in this nation and could acquire the heavenly pleasure over here and you will find us as one of the activists that have helped this country to reach to that point

• What sorts of contribution and help you’ve obtained from your supporters during this session?

Page 56 Kantipur City College Barsha Shrestha BBA Batch 2014, KCC

Agriculture: Feeding The Nation

Nepal is an agricultural country. It is necessary for middlemen. There are also no such organized facilities Nepal to be self sufficient in the context of food. for loan, transportation, chemical, and marketing.The Likewise, farmers plant seeds and grow food and government should provide low interest rate. The vegetables for us. market must be managed so that the farmers can buy and sell the things freely and without losing value. The Agriculture is the backbone of our economy. It is one agriculture system should change. The modern tools of the main sources of our national income. The farm- must be made available, adopted and used in agricul- ers are attracted to sell cash crops and vegetable to ture. earn substantial money. This helps to considerably boost our income and economic status. If people do For a country like Nepal, agriculture has to be lifted not grow fruits and vegetable there is no possibility to from subsistence agriculture to large-scale –special- be alive, we will die. We must respect farmers ized-industrial agriculture. Unless our country does because they are our only source of healthy food. that our economy is not going to change for good.

Likewise, agriculture is one of the main sources of Nepalese industry. An industry cannot develop and distribute its production without raw materials. The raw materials are produced from agriculture by the farmers. Coffee, tea, sugar, medicine are some cash crops which are in turn the raw materials for industry.Though agriculture has great importance, it is still suffering from various problems. The farmers grow crops but they do not have enough food to eat. They are neglected and exploited everywhere by the society and government. The farmers have been using the same tools for ages. The irrigation system has not properly developed yet. The market is also not well-developed and available to sell their production. So they have to sell at a very low price through

Kantipur City College Page 57 Sushmita Dahal BBA Batch 2013, KCC

The fast growing internet technol- IT in a country like Nepal so as to complicated paper methods such ogy not only provides entertain- cater not only those in the cities as cheques and money orders. ment but also provides various but also those from the rural com- services. We already know about munities who do not have access This is easy to use, site offers free various national and international to banks. With such a vision in registration. The 201 outlets shopping sites developing fast place, Biswas and his team works within and outside Kathmandu are around the world that has made ardently to put his ideas into prac- there to assist you if you need any everything just a ‘click away’ tice. It offers a state-of-art help. You can pay using your . payment gateway solution that mobile or activate auto payments. Yes, everything you want, books to incorporates some of the latest clothes to electronics to tickets, all integrated techniques developing This technology is as secure as you need to do is hit a few clicks a secured, fast, and real-time gate- Internet banking and is initiated as here and there. Internet has not way. It has been growing as trust- an effort to save the users time only brought the world closer by ed company because of its quality and money. starting the concept of global service to its customers.Though village, but has also made every- there are others payment gate- To use E-Sewa, you must have an thing, even shopping and paying ways e-sewa has become the first active e-banking account with bills easier for its users. choice due to its goodwill. More Global IME Bank Limited. You must than twenty five thousand of transfer necessary funds to E-Sewa In a country like Nepal, where all customers with sixty five percent from your bank account by using you find is a long queue standing of active customers have been GlobalOnline. You can do this by to pay their bills, wherever and benefited by its services and the debiting your account with neces- whenever you go, be it at a number of users is increasing day sary funds required to pay your telephone office, electricity office, by day. bill(s) to various companies. schools or banks, there is always a long line of a people waiting for E-Sewa online payment gateway their turns to pay their bills. This performs payment authorization sight always turns us off, whenever and authentication, and makes we go for payment of our bills. It is settlement of funds between not only boring to wait for so long Banks, Merchant and user(Cus- but is also time consuming and a tomer). Currently, we have 21 total waste of time. But still, you major Banks and Financial have to wait on those long never Institutions of Nepal (Laxmi Bank, ending lines because you don’t Kumari Bank, NCC Bank, NIC Bank, have any other options. Well, not Global Bank, Sanima Bank, ACE, anymore! The users of e-Sewa can perform Bank of Asia, Bank of online transactions for the differ- Kathmandu, KIST Bank etc) in e-Sewa Nepal is the solution for ent services as it provides the E-Sewa your trouble. Launched by F1 Soft facilities of paying and getting paid Network, a customer base of International, e-Sewa is ‘Nepal’s online. Established with an aim to 1,20,000 and more than 800 first online payment gateway’. help and support e-commerce merchant partners. Biswas Dhakal and his team mem- business, e-Sewa allows payments bers started F1Soft with the vision and money transfers through to exploit the optimal benefits of internet and serves as an electronic alternative to the traditional

Page 58 Kantipur City College Volume 5, Issue 5 l Students Magazine 2016

There are also several companies that have associated provide the valid documents required and request for themselves with E-Sewa. Some of these companies verification. Your details will be validated and are Nepal Telecom, Nepal Electricity Authority (NEA), approved by e-sewa to ensure the completion of your Kathmandu Khanepani, New Business Age, Buddha verification process. Air, Nepal College of Information, Himal Technologies, SUBISU Cablenet, Web Surfer and Worldlink Commu- Or nications. For example you can pay monthly utility bill to various utility companies from one place, which is Visit your nearest eSewa Zone with the identification E-Sewa. You can pay your telephone bills to Nepal verification documents. Telecom, your electricity bills to NEA, and your water What documents do I required to become a verified supply bill to Kathmandu Khanepani. Also, you can pay user of eSewa? your regular subscription bills from E-Sewa. You can You will need: pay New Business Age magazine bills and your Inter- • Your citizenship card (scanned or photo copy). net subscription bills to SUBISU Cablenet, Worldlink • Your passport size photo (scanned copy or original). Communications, or Web Surfer. You can pay for airline ticket purchase to Buddha Air. You can pay your Q.Why Do I need to become a verified user? bank bills from E-Sewa, which includes bills of Laxmi A.When you become verified user, you enjoy the Bank. following benefits: • Verified users are allowed to hold more than Rs. The services provided by e-Sewa are as follows: 9999 on their eSewa wallet. 1.eSewa to eSewa Transfer • Verified users can receive money through remit- 2.Nepal Telecom bill payment services: Landline, Post- tance like western union. paid mobile, ADSL internet, CDMA postpaid, NTG- • Verified users can withdraw amount from eSewa to SM/CDMA recharge cards. desired bank account among partner banks of eSewa. 3.Air ticketing. If you are unverified user, your account will be blocked 4.School/College fees payment. if your account has Rs.10, 000 or more amount. And 5.Recharge NTC Online you can't enjoy the benefits 6.Internet bill payment. mentioned above. 7.NEA and KUKL bill payments. 8.Credit card bill payments. Q.Can I use my eSewa wallet through multiple logins? 9.Newspaper subscription with special discount offer. A.Yes, you can use your same eSewa wallet through 10.Pay UTL Bills both internet and mobile as well as you can add multi- 11.Pay Electricity Bill Online ple emails and mobile numbers to access the same account. You will need to add your emails and mobiles Payment to different e-commerce site like: with which you wish to use your eSewa wallet by mucha.com, netfornepal.com, musicnepal.com and editing your eSewa profile. many more services. To add multiple logins to your eSewa wallet please login to your eSewa account and follow the Registration Process following process: My Account > Profile > Add More Details Q.How can I register with eSewa? A.1.You can register to eSewa through web or your Q.Through which mobile operators can I access mobile device. eSewa? 2. For web registration please visit eSewa Portal A.You can access eSewa through GSM Post-paid and https://www.esewa.com.np and fill the registration Pre-paid numbers of NT and Ncell. form and complete the activation procedure as instructed. Q.How do I use eSewa through my mobile? 3.For Mobile registration please type "REG" and SMS A.Mobile application for eSewa is available on: it to 32121 from your NT or Ncell mobile -Android phones -iPhones (IOS system) QHow much does it cost to register through SMS? -Java enabled phones A.SMS sent to 32121(eSewa) from Nepal Telecom -Blackberry phones mobile is free but from Ncell mobile its Rs. 0.50 per SMS.

Q.How do I become a verified user? A.You can verify yourself by updating your eSewa profile with required documents. Login to https://ww- w.esewa.com.np, click on my profile and fill the details

Kantipur City College Page 59 Students Magazine 2016 l Issue 5, Volume 5

Q.How to recharge the eSewa number. Customer's financial Account ? security is highest priority of Conclusion A.There are eSewa Recharge cards e-sewa. eSewa uses SSL technolo- E-Sewa has evolved as a dynamic available. Besides, you can gy to keep information safe. In and interactive platform for recharge using your bank addition, when customer sends electronic payment. It has accounts. eSewa is currently part- payment using eSewa, the recipi- changed the way of payment, nered with Laxmi bank, Bank of ent won't receive sensitive finan- gradually replacing the traditional Asia etc and many more banks will cial information like your credit way of payment. Its success has join soon. You can recharge with card or bank account number. been remarkably acknowledged by paypal. This is amazing feature. more people in urban areas where There are fees of around 4%-6% Challenges there’s a good infrastructure for while recharging through paypal Challenges that esewa must deal internet and network services. It is which is great indeed. If you are mainly government regula- expected that the way e-sewa is recharge $100 then about $4 will tions and limited use of electronic emerging will definitely serve the be deducted as service charge. 6% payment in Nepal. In Nepal credit people ensuring more security, will be deducted if you are card payment has not yet reliability and efficiency in the recharging below 30USD. emerged. Although, few banks coming days. provide credit card facility, people Security via eSewa do not use credit card. It may be Reference: eSewa is the safer, easier way to because credit card cannot be http://bscitinnepal.blogspot.com pay. We can use our credit used for international purchase http://pivot.mobilene- card/Bank account with eSewa, due to government policies. On pal.net/sites/default/files/ide- and get all the benefits - without the other side, people prefer hand a/PivotMo- exposing our bank account/card cash than the digital cash. bileNepalsubmissiondoc_0.pdf

Failure: The Pillar of Success

immediately despite many failures and complications that seems unbearable to young people.

All human problems are caused by the lack of self-con- Pappu K. Jaiswal fidence and ambitious industry. When one loves BBA Batch 2012, KCC his/her any job/activity, he/she will devote enough time for self-improvement in order to be the best in Success comes from experience and experience his/her chosen occupation. He/she will treat failure as comes from failures… a good lesson. S/he keeps it in mind to avoid making When you do start anything, there is lot of process the same mistakes again and will understand his/her from the starting point to the end. You know your occupation better. status and where you stand after the result comes. That’s either success or failure. If you fail then you Failure teaches a lot. It reveals our weakness that should change the strategy, not your goals. If you are must be overcome. It informs us about the problem successful, start innovation because success is not areas in our work. It guides and inspires us to put in stable at all times. One must not think that failure is more efforts. It gives us strength to act more decisive- tragedy because every failure is a part of experience. ly. Failure prepares a person to go for the next endeav- While changing a strategy, there should be optimistic or with better chance of success. Failure is thus the attitude, it will give you the courage to go ahead with pillars of success. life well with all the hope and vigor one should have.

People work hard to reach their goals. Obviously, when one starts a business with his/her educational qualification, he/she may not be receptive to learn new information and develop his/her knowledge base as rapidly as s/he should. It occurs also due to the difference between theoretical and practical knowledge. Youths of today are restless. They expect results

Page 60 Kantipur City College Dal Bahadur Shrestha. Faculty, KCC Remedies for better VAT collection in Nepal

Value added tax is not new in the field of taxation as Establishment of the large taxpayer’s office is one of many countries are adopting it. Value Added Tax the most important steps to deal with large taxpayers (‘VAT’) was first introduced in France in 1954. Many and to secure revenue certainty that is collected from countries have adopted it to strengthen the collection large taxpayers. So they need to be treated seriously of internal source of income and mobilization of it. and watched consciously. Revenue leakage from Likewise, it has been implemented in Nepal since 16 taxpayers is severe and large in amount. Large taxpay- Nov 1997. So Value Added Tax is one of the most ers like Nepal Telecom, Surya Nepal and Ncell should important source of revenue collection today. be treated very seriously with considerable caution. Yes, the trend of VAT collection after the establish- In the context of Nepal, collection of value added tax ment of large taxpayer’s office is as usual but large is much more important to minimize resources gap. In taxpayers have some problems too. In my study, I have the beginning of 1980, the International Monetary found many problems of large taxpayers likewise the Fund (IMF) had recommended VAT as the best tool for challenges for VAT collection for Inland Revenue member countries facing revenue crisis and looking Department. ways to strengthen tax administration to establish large taxpayer’s unit to increase control over the large I have tried to give some suggestions to improve VAT taxpayers and improve large taxpayers’ compliance. collection in Nepal. However, it is felt that its positive impacts are yet to 1. Large taxpayers’ office should provide enough tax be fully realized even after almost 19 years of its information and tax related services which will help implementation. The main problem that the govern- for voluntary tax complianceand better collection. ment is facing each year is lack of compliance by all 2. Strict and effective billing system should be used in taxpayers due to various reasons. the market. Transfers of tax officials should not be done frequently. It will develop professionalism which Large taxpayers’ office has been established to affirm will help for better collection. the revenue certainty, to promote tax compliance, to 3. Necessary and relevant training should be provided manage arrears management and to provide quality to the tax officials so that they can work better and services to the taxpayers. Taking illustration over 40 make people understoodabout tax. countries in the world, inland revenue department 4. Enough respect along with monitoring should be established large tax payer’s office to manage large given to the large taxpayers which will discourage hide taxpayers. It is found that nearly 312 large taxpayers of tax. when the limitation of turnover is NRs 15 crore or 5. As the filling of return is based on the self assess- above. Now, the number of large taxpayers are only ment system, tax audit should be made effective and 140 as the limitation of turnover is increased from 15 efficient. Trained and professionalmanpower should crores to 25 crores. be recruited for it. 6.There should be functional organizational structure Large taxpayers and VAT are related to each other. in large taxpayers’ office which will be effective for From the very beginning of implementation of VAT, better tax service. large taxpayers’ section was established in the VAT 7.There should be clear job specification for the department. Still, VAT is new strategy to reform tax personnel of Large Tax Payers office. and large taxpayers that are the key source of VAT 8.There should be regular interactions between large collection. taxpayers and tax administration which help to provide quality services to large taxpayers.

Kantipur City College Page 61 Shedding lights on Cyber Crime, Law and Ethics

Remedies for better VAT collection in Nepal Saroj Pandey Sunil Sharma Asst. Proff., IT, KCC Asst. Proff., IT, KCC

Information Technology (IT) nowa- Internet. For example hate crimes, or social media, browsing of porn days is changing almost all aspects telemarketing and Internet fraud, sites by restricted age groups, stir of human activities like communi- identity theft, credit card account up racial hatred on the grounds of cation, trade, culture, education, thefts are considered to be cyber- color, race, nationality, religion, entertainment, and knowledge. crimes where the illegal activities ethnicity, etc., publishing obscene The term ‘cyber’ or ‘cyberspace’ are committed through the use of and morbid content such as has today come to indicate every- a computer and the Internet. The images of torture or accidents, thing related to IT; the Internet, United States, Department of abuse or ‘sexploitation' especially websites, data, emails, networks, Justice, categorizes cybercrime in against children and girls, violating software, data storage devices and three ways - the computer as a copyrights and downloading even electronic devices such as target (using a computer to attack music, movies, books, games and cell phones, ATM machines, etc. other computers), the computer software mostly through peer as a weapon (using a computer to sharing websites such as torrents, With the growing Internet usage, commit a crime), and the comput- plagiarism, websites hacking, the world is becoming smaller er as an ‘accessory’ (using a com- Internet time theft and Wi-Fi hack- place to live in for its users. The puter to store illegal files or infor- ing etc. are among many. rapid growth in the Internet traffic mation). has created a major problem for Criminals these days also use an individuals, businesses and other These days, Internet is in easy approach of social engineering and entities whose work is mostly in reach of general people, mostly make a direct contact with intend- the cyber environment. The most teenagers; they are performing ed victim(s) using emails, social trending issue that is troubling the illegal tasks knowingly or unknow- sites or phone. They try to gain cyber environment is ‘cybercrime’. ingly. There exists an infinite list of confidence and retrieve informa- Cybercrime is a term representing possible crimes that can arise in tion they need. Once that is done, any illegal activity that uses a com- the cyber space. Network intru- they will disappear and the puter or similar device as its sion, downloading and sharing retrieved information will be used primary means of commission. It copyrighted video and music files, for illegal purpose. Cyber terror- leads to a higher proportion of creating and disseminating com- ism, new to cybercrime, is increas- legal issues related to computer puter virus, identity theft, online ing the anxiety of security officials. and information system world- fraud, penetration of online finan- Cybercrime, at the present time is wide. Many people are becoming cial services, ATM fraud with fake becoming a fast-growing area of the victims of hacking, identity debit/credit cards, phishing, sniff- crime, which has now surpassed theft, fraud, malicious software ing, wiretapping, bombarding the illegal drug trafficking as a criminal and the rate is increasing rapidly. emails, harassing others in social moneymaker and progressing with media having anonymous identifi- the wide opportunities of online Cybercrime encompasses any cation, creating fake profiles in media. Cyber criminals are criminal act dealing with comput- social media and troubling the performing a diverse range of ers and networks. Moreover, public as well as the genuine crimes misusing the speed, conve- cybercrime includes traditional person with fake updates, attach- nience and anonymity of the Inter- crimes conducted through the ing the face of different people in net making Internet world more nude photos and posting it in blogs vulnerable. Page 62 Kantipur City College Volume 5, Issue 5 l Students Magazine 2016

Cyber Law to fight with crime IT industry in Nepal. The act was fines and imprisonment mecha- Cyber law is the part of legal amended in 2008 and published as nism. system that deals with the Inter- Electronic Transaction Act in 2008. net, cyberspace, and their relevant In the act, piracy, unauthorized There are several reasons behind legal issues. Cyber law covers a access, damage of information such lackluster response. Nepal broad area, which includes several system, publication of illegal mate- police lack sophisticated tools to subtopics as intellectual property, rials in electronic form, commit investigate cybercrimes. There are freedom of expression, usage of computer fraud, confiscation, etc. limited police officers in the Cyber- the Internet, online privacy etc. are presented as ‘offences relating crime Investigation Cell and the Broadly, cyber law has been to computer’. It also has provisions Central Investigation Bureau (CIB) referred to as the Law of the Inter- to punish cyber criminals with with strong ICT skills to deal with net. It encompasses the area imprisonment and/or a fine cybercrime, which makes it which deals with the Internet's depending on the rigorousness of challenging to collect evidence. So, association with technological and the offence but punishment is for the effective investigation of electronic elements including inadequate. crimes in cyber space, Nepal needs software, hardware and various In Nepal, cybercrimes like email to invest more in training its information systems. Likewise, the and social media threat hate human resources and developing law also deals with the communi- speech in blogs and social media, anti-cybercrime infrastructure. cation and information sharing illegal data access, obscene web- that includes various related sites, website dispute, SMS threat, Self-awareness of the citizens is issues of communication and phishing, software piracy, hacking, most effective way of decreasing information as protection of intel- etc. are increasing swiftly. Govern- the crimes. The law enforcement lectual property rights, freedom of ment, private organizations as well agency should begin conducting speech, and public access to infor- as individual uses pirated interaction programs in schools, mation.Cyber law consists of a software. Seeing software, music college, and public/private organi- collection of legal policies that and movie DVDs sold in the street zations to train the students and typically lead the Internet world. It of the capital city for less than Rs. employees and make them aware has provisions forpenalties and 50 each is not a new issue. Sharing of different laws and policies so negotiations for various offences copyrighted materials with friends that they will not repeat the crimi- that happenin the cyber space. As and relatives is too normal. In nal behavior they might have been per the global provisions of cyber cybercafés, no one cares the activi- currently doing unknowingly. For law, the government is fully autho- ties of teenagers. Most of the least developed nations like Nepal, rized to punish cyber criminals - an proprietors of the cyber café are Microsoft these days is distribut- individual as well as institution. It unaware of illegal activities. Even ing the genuine software (operat- also has provisions for office of the the parents are unaware of their ing system and other products) controllers and regulation of certi- children’s behavior in the vulnera- and its keys in the colleges via fying authorities, which issue ble virtual world. As the law Microsoft academic program to license of certification to the IT enforcing mechanism is staying discourage the use of pirated ones. industries. Cyber law varies in almost silent on such clearly seen Likewise, various software cover- different countries and punish- issues, the complete implementa- ing areas are available in the Inter- ment ranges from fines to impris- tion of cyber law looks skeptical. net with Free and Open Source onment. License, which help to stay away The Electronic Transaction Act still from the crime of software piracy. Cyber Law and Nepal lacks various issues of the cyber The law enforcing agencies should In the rapid pace of IT, even Nepal world. The law does not contain a also encourage general people one of the world’s least developed single word regarding online along with themselves to use such. countries is performing very well. payment issues. Likewise, the law Nepal has implemented ICT in does not cover even the most various sectors such as govern- common forms of crimes of cyber ment, education, health, agricul- world. For example, there is no ture, tourism, trade and various punishment for sending offensive other sto some extent. With the messages. Similarly, phishing also ICT implementation, the criminal lacks legal coverage. The current activities are also being increased. law also does not have legal provi- The government of Nepal has sion for the cybercrimes like crafted ‘Electronic Transaction Act’ cyber-stalking, cyber-terrorism in 2004, popularly known as ‘Cyber and child pornography. Every Law’. It is said to be landmark cybercrime that is seen need legislation for the development of specific provisions with immense

Kantipur City College Page 63 Students Magazine 2016 l Issue 5, Volume 5

Staying safe on the Internet make sure it’s encrypted. •Do not interfere with other While the Internet is great for •Block browser pops ups or try people's computer work. making new friends and sharing using different browsers. •Do not be a bully on the Internet. interests, it’s important not to •Ignore spam – just delete it, or •Do not lie about people, send reveal too much information mark it as ‘spam’ or ‘junk’ in your embarrassing pictures of them, or about yourself. Some people will email client. Don’t try to unsub- do anything else to try to hurt hide their real identity and scribe. Do not click links sent in them. approach young people for sexual email from unknown sources. •Do not copy information from the purposes – perhaps sending sexual •If you get lots of spam, simply Internet and claim it as yours - messages in a social media by close down your email account that’s plagiarism. Instant Messenger, or by trying to and open another. There are lots •Adhere to copyright restrictions influence the person to meet in of free ones available online. when downloading material the ‘real’ world. •Open attachments only if they’re including software, games, INTERPOL* suggest following sent by people you know and movies, or music from the Inter- things for staying safe on the Inter- trust. net. net: •Keep your passwords strong and •Do not break into someone else's secret. Never give them to anyone. computer. Staying safe on regular activi- •Keep your ATM cards in safe place •Do not steal/use someone else's ties and don’t reveal the card number password. •In social networks there is a and PIN to anyone. •Do not write computer program privacy setting – use it. Do not •Be alert to phishing. A trusted that is harmful to the society believe everyone you meet in the website or online payment proces- •Do not attempt to infect or in any social media. sor will never ask you to confirm way try to make someone else's •Think about what messages and sensitive information like pass- computer unusable. information you post online – if words or account details. If you are being the victim of any you don’t want your parents or * INTERPOL - http://www.inter- cybercrimes, do not hesitate to teacher to see it or read it then pol.int report to the nearest police station don’t post it. with proof documents and cooper- •You can’t “unsay” what you say Cyber Ethics ate during the investigation. online, so think twice before you Cyber ethics refers to the code of Academic experts with police to write. responsible behavior on the Inter- tackle cybercrime •Use the ‘print screen’ function to net. Just as we are taught to act record any content that you don’t responsibly in everyday life, with feel comfortable with, and show it lessons such as ‘Don't take what to a parent or another grown-up doesn't belong to you’ and ‘Do not that you trust. harm others’- we must act respon- •Never meet a virtual friend with- sibly in the cyber world as well. out discussing it with an adult or The basic rule is do not do some- bringing a real friend. thing in cyber space that you •A person needs to have a legiti- would consider wrong or illegal in mate reason to be in constant everyday life. Cyber ethics is touch with you – if you’re not com- distinct from cyberlaw. Laws are fortable talking to them, don’t formal written directives that reply. apply to everyone, interpreted by •Always talk to your parents, or to the judicial system, and enforced someone else you trust, about by the police. One important point what you experience online. for law is that trespassing the law •There is no such thing as a free is a punishable act where ethics is lunch. If you are receiving some- a broad philosophical concept that thing, what are you expected to goes beyond simple right and give in return? wrong, and looks towards ‘the good life’. Staying safe technically •Use Firewall, Anti-spyware and When determining responsible Anti-virus software; run and behaviors, consider the following: update them regularly. •Do not use rude or offensive •Update OS for security patches language. and bug fixes •Do not use a computer to harm •If you have a wireless network, other people.

Page 64 Kantipur City College Volume 5, Issue 5 l Students Magazine 2016 Academic experts with police to tackle cybercrime Cyber environment is being too much susceptible. While viewing the global data, many people are being the victims of cybercrime in some way. Many people are losing their money in online fraud. Even traditional crimes like burglary are being done in a digital way. In the context of Nepal, police are facing many challenges in the investigation of cybercrimes. Only few officers understand the nature of digital crimes and they cannot give full focus on the motivation and psychology of the attackers. Officers also need to learn about digital forensics and the new threats associated with cybercrime. While viewing the cases of cybercrimes, officers need to understand how victims view cybercrime as well as the psychology and techniques used by the cyber criminals. There are very few researches done in the field of cybercrimes by the academic institution providing IT education in the country. It is their social responsibility to find out and present new challenges and threats to businesses as well as individuals along with radical tactics to cope up with the investigating agency that Mobile: A will boost the confidence of officers and staffs while investigating. Life Changing Barsa Tamang BBA Batch 2016, KCC Gadget Mobile is an electronic device temperature by reading the books tions are turning smarter and that is pertaining or noting as a cell and listening song as per our inter- smarter but leaving us in the shade phone, usually one with comput- est and choices. Besides, we can and ignorance over the knowl- ing ability or portability with wire- also entertain our self in the edge. Besides, the crime rate less computing memory used in it leisure time by playing the games, trends has been increasing more and held in hand as a mobile watching videos and so on. Also, with the rapid development of tables. Mobile PDA (palmtops) and the easy and reliable compatibility these technologies and also many mobile applications has complete- between internet and cell phone has ruined their life over these ly changed the way people inter- has made us more intelligent than matters by using these stuff ineffi- act. ever because within some clicks ciently. No doubt, haphazard use we can learn and anticipate what of these technologies may create Nowadays, mobile has been the is and are going to happen around the turmoil where as using integral part of our life due to its the globe today and tomorrow. efficiently could enhance the self, importance in our daily chores. So Also, we can tour around the society and nation. it could be considered as one of whole world virtually and we are the most phenomenal and coolest pertaining benefits with this inven- Yet, in some circumstances mobile invention of this age because it has tion. Plus, students and learner phones has been like angels that contributed several aspects of could be considered as the fortu- had and will save several lives and saving like time, money and nate ones who could gain informa- has also made our life much easier energy. Therefore, our life has tion and several knowledgeable by teaching us about cooking to become much easier with this resources in the minimal costs and maintaining of our health and great invention. Thus, today efforts. other physical properties and mobile phone has become integral more. Above and beyond, it has part and parcel of our life. Apart from the pros regarding the made reading and writing as easier development, there are cons as and comforting for us. The best Moreover, we can obtain a lot of well. We are becoming addicted to part of mobile is that it consists of advantageous properties from this the social media and socializing multiple purposes. Hence, due to single development as we can over the virtual reality but we are such properties it has become one connect with people and society unable to entertain in our actual of the most elegant and a superfi- by exchanging our messages, life and society. We are obsessed cial invention that has ever been news, views and so on. Likewise, with these devices and its applica- created and still progress is going we can calm down our nerves and tions. However, these cool inven- on. Kantipur City College Page 65 Saligram Aryal Lecturer, BBA, KCC

Income Tax provisions for 2073/074

A. Introduction to Income Tax Law of Nepal computation of business income is normally based on the profits shown in the financial statements, after Overview adjusting for exempt income, final withholding The primary taxes in Nepal are the income tax as well payments, nondeductible expenditure, special deduc- as indirect taxes, such as value added tax (VAT), excise tions and unabsorbed losses and depreciation. duties and customs duty. Capital gains form part of normal business income. Natural persons are also Expenditures are allowed for deduction for income charged on gain on non-business chargeable assets. from business and investment. But any deductions and expenditure incurred for earning final withhold- Tax incentives focus mainly on establishments in ing payments and exempt incomes are not allowed as special zones, industries such as Information Technol- deduction. ogy, Hydropower etc, and encouraging investments in agricultural, tourism, and undeveloped areas. The Resident Natural persons are eligible for special incentives are normally in the form of rebates in deductions such as contribution to approved retire- income tax rates. ment fund, life insurance premiums, remote area benefits, payment of health insurance premium, etc. Inland Revenue Department under Ministry of There is no expenditure deduction for income from Finance administers income tax, VAT and excise duties employment. while Department of Custom administers custom charges. Tax on windfall gains is collected through WHT in case payments are made by resident persons. Resident tax Charge of Tax payers are required to pay tax on windfall gains A resident person is charged to tax on global income, earned outside Nepal. while non-residents are subject to tax only on Nepal sourced income. There are specific guidelines for Tax on Non-resident ascertaining Nepal sourced incomes. Generally, a Normally, tax on service fees etc. earned by Non-Resi- natural person is resident if he stays in Nepal for a dent by providing service in Nepal is collected through period of 183 days or more in an income year (Mid WHT deducted by the resident person. But where July to Mid July) or if his habitual place of abode is in both service provider and recipient of service are Nepal. A company is considered resident in Nepal if it non-resident, there is no WHT on service fee payment is incorporated in Nepal or if effective control and and the recipient is required to submit income tax management of the company is in Nepal in the year. return and pay tax on income from service provided in Nepal. Heads of Income There are four heads of income: The non-resident may create a permanent establish- •Employment ment if it provides service in Nepal for more than 90 •Business days in a 365 days period. Such permanent establish- •Investment ment of non-resident is treated as resident taxable •Windfall Gain entity, independent from the non-resident parent company and taxed as resident person. In general, a tax payer's taxable income is determined by aggregating the income from all of the heads. The Foreign airlines operating in Nepal pay turnover based

Page 66 Kantipur City College Volume 5, Issue 5 l Students Magazine 2016 income tax for sales arising from travel of person and exempted from Income Tax for the F.Y. 2071/72. Any goods originating from Nepal (Excluding transits) and amount of income tax paid by them for the F.Y. for sales of tickets from Nepal for travel outside Nepal 2071/72 can be set off against Income Tax Liability for (other than originating from Nepal). Other income of the F.Y. 2072/73. the airlines are treated as normal income and taxed accordingly. Small Enterprises having Turnover up to 1 Crores are now exempted from auditing their Books of Account. Dividend Distribution & Profit Repatriation Only the Financial Statements signed by the Propri- Dividends paid by resident entities are subject to 5% etors/Owners will suffice. WHT. This is final withholding and so is not required to be included in calculation of taxable income. In respect of Goods, which were inspected and Dividends received by resident tax payers from cleared from custom point during the period Bhadra non-residents are taxed as normal income. Profit 2072 to Falgun 2072 but failed to import in Nepal, any repatriated by permanent establishment to its parent amount to be paid as demurrage, detention or parking company is subject to 5% WHT. for such delay in foreign land, left to be included for custom valuation, any duty to be paid on such charges Double Taxation relief shall be waived. However, such amount can be Nepal has double tax avoidance treaty (DTAT) with ten claimed as expenses for the F.Y. 2073/74 on the basis countries: Austria, China, Korea, India, Mauritius, on evidence provided. Norway, Pakistan, Qatar, Sri Lanka and Thailand. C. TAX RATES Nepal also has unilateral tax credit mechanism where For Resident Person resident tax payers are eligible to claim foreign tax credit for tax paid abroad with respect to their taxable There has been a change in the Tax Rates applicable to income in Nepal. the Resident Person from the Budget this year. Slab Rate has been increased by 100,000 for Tax payers Self Assessment assessed as Individual/couple. Details of the same has Nepal follows a self assessment system and tax paid is been provided below. not questioned unless the tax calculation is not in accordance with the law. If tax officer does not revise your assessment within four years, the tax return submitted and tax paid is considered final. The self assessment of tax liability and submission of final annual tax return and tax payment should be done within 3 months from the end of an income year. An extension for return submission is granted on request, for a maximum period of 3 months, but there is no extension for tax payment deadline. Companies and certain tax payers are also required to submit estimated tax return and pay estimated tax on three install- ments

B. WAIVERS OF TAX, PENALTY & INTEREST Income Tax Return and tax for F.Y 2071-72, Advance Tax and Return for F.Y. 2072-73 which is to be submitted up to Poush End 2072 can be submitted within Ashwin 2073. Any interest, additional fees and fines regarding late submissions are waived.

Similarly TDS Amount and Return, Excise Amount and Return, Service Charges, Health Tax, Education Tax and Cinema Development Tax to be submitted for the period Shrawan 2072 to Falgun 2072 can be submitted within Ashwin 2073. Any Interest, Additional fees and fines regarding late submissions are waived.

Saving and Credit Co-operatives operating within the municipalities established during the F.Y. 2071/72 are

Kantipur City College Page 67 Students Magazine 2016 l Issue 5, Volume 5 Notes:

• Natural person working at remote areas are entitled to get deduction from taxable income to a maximum of Rs. 50000. • Natural person with pension income included in the taxable income shall be entitled to deduct from taxable income an additional 25% of amount prescribed under first tax slab. • Incapacitated natural person shall be entitled to get deduction from taxable income an additional 50% of amount prescribed under first tax slab. • A Resident natural person who has procured life insurance and paid premium amount thereon shall be entitled to a deduction of actual annual insurance premium or Rs. 20000 whichever is less from gross taxable income. • A Resident natural person who has procured Health Insurance and paid premium amount thereon shall be entitled to a deduction of actual annual insurance premium or Rs. 20,000 whichever is less from gross taxable income. • In case of the employee employed at the foreign diplomatic of Nepal only 25% of the foreign allowances are to be included in the income from salary. • In case of the employee posted outside Nepal is getting foreign allowance will get 75% rebate of such allowance? • In case of the female employee whose taxable income is only from employment than 10% rebate is allowed on tax liability. • In case of individual having income from export, tax rate of 15% is applicable in place of 25%. • The limit of 7% of Depreciable Base is not applicable on the repair and improvement expenses incurred for assets located at earthquake affected areas prescribed by GON, in case the person desires to apply this provision. This facility is allowed until FY 2073/74. • Productive industries, except tobacco and alcohol industries are eligible to get 50% discount on land registration fee. • Special Industries related with manufacturing, tourist services, electricity production and distribution listed on NEPSE and industries mentioned on section 11(3ga) shall be provided with concession of 15% on applicable tax rate. This budget has included Agricultural, Forestry and Miniral Industries also in to the category of Special Industries.

For Non-Resident Person

Page 68 Kantipur City College Volume 5, Issue 5 l Students Magazine 2016

Cheque Fraud: Simply it’s a criminal act that is accomplished by stealing others cheque or signature or other information’s to withdraw the assets.

Telex Fraud: Telex refers to the message which are encrypted during the transmission and decrypted when intended user is reached. But, there are several treachery acts conducted by the criminals to alter the message and vary the actual meaning of the message. However, by using such fraudulent act, criminals are diverting messages and the funds to their accounts. Banking Frauds Internet fraud: Internet Banking Fraud is a form of identity theft and Selicha K.C is usually made possible through techniques such as BBA Batch 2012, KCC phishing. Now, internet banking is widely used to check account details, make purchases, pay bills, transfer funds, print statements etc. Banking frauds refer to a criminal act, which occurs when a person uses illegal receipt, money or assets Hence in order to be safe from such decisive actions from a bank or other financial institutions. It is a there are several preventions such as: fraudulence offence i.e. knowingly attempted to execute a scheme or artifice to default a financial • Prioritizing layers of security that protect against all institution. Hence there are several kinds of the deci- of the ways that criminals compromise accounts, not sive actions conducted by the criminal in order to just malware. fraud the storehouses are as follows: • Keeping records of all banking transactions and activities up to date. Card Frauds: • Placing your valuables in some secured and cush- Every card has its own digits or primary key. It is like a ioned institutions by government or the insurance. human finger print, it means those numbers or digits • Placing your card, cheques in some secured places are identical to every card issued by a financial institu- such that it won’t get lost also not sharing your pass- tion. word, keys, signature or primary keys to access the Nowadays fraud people hack all the information of the account. personal card and such cards number, expiry date and • Sharing the messages through the most secured other relevant information regarding the cards are network or channels like VPN networks. being stolen. Thus such information’s are used to • Besides this, using the online banking transactions withdraw or steal the valuables from others account. from the secured places like from personal devices not from the public devices like that of cyber. Software Fraud: It is a process of hacking, cracking and gaining access Sources to unauthorized areas and gives credit to an account www.wikipedia.com for which the funds were not originally intended as http://www.banktech.com/online-bank- well as the hacker or cracker will steal the personal ing-fraud-made-sim information details for mischievous acts as well. Besides this, stealing of the funds and information, the attacker or hacker may also turmoil the software system after such wicked act or not.

Swap fraud: Swap means making the digital payment by using the cards. However, with the easiness, several imposers are active in this society to cause trouble by stealing someone’s card and making its unauthorized use during the procurement of goods or services.

Kantipur City College Page 69 KANTIPUR CITY COLLEGE BBA, BATCH 2012

From Left To Right Pappu k. Jaiswal, Ajay Tamla, Chandrakala Rijal, Alisha Pokhrel, Binita Khatri, Bimal Ghimire, Selicha K.C., Ursha B. Magar, Asmita Timilsina, Dipendra K. Yadav, Sandip Basnet

Out Of Frame: Sanju K.C., Rupal Budhathoki