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The Canary Islands. Their History, Natural History and Scenery

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The Canary Islands. Their History, Natural History and Scenery THE CANARY ISLANDS ‘I’HEIIL HIS’I’OKI’, XATUKAL HISTORY ASI) SCENERY XS .\CCOUST 01; .4X ORNITHOLOGIST’S C.\I\IPISG ‘f-RIP.5 IX THE AKCHIPELAGO DAVID A. BANNERMAN \I.li.l:.. B..\.(Cmtnb), ll.Ji.O.U., F.R.G.S., ETG ll-ITII 11,Ll:s:TRATIONS AND hIAPS LOSDOY: 33 PI~TERNOSTER ROW EDIì\‘l2:LTRGH: TWEEDDALE COURT 1922 TO RíY WIFE FOREWORD THIS book does r,ot profess to be a complete Natural History of the Canary Islands. It deals principally with their Ornithology, an d Parts II. and II 1. contain accounts of \-arious espeditions made by the author during a more or less thorough exploration of the group on behalf of thc Bird I>cpartment of the British hluseum of Natural II istorj.. \\‘hen in pursuit of birds in the various islantis, it nntul-all)- followwl that other subjects besides ornitholo~y h;td, in the course of investigations, to be studicd. Thc geological formatiuI1 uf the Islands had to be esamined in relation to the fkna and flora ; the Zones of 17egetation for their bearing on the distribution of bird-life. ant1 so it carne about that the material for Chapters II. to 1-I. was accumulated. The ornitho- logical results have already been published in the pages of the ZíizJ-the Journal of the flritish Ornithologists’ Gnion. The la& of any really brief account of the discovery and conquest of the Islands prompted me to include Chapter I., although it is somewhat outside the scope of this booli. So attractive is the early history of the Xrchipelago, that any tra\reller sufficiently interested in the Satura1 IIistory of the Islands to read these pges, will almost certainly want to know something of their early inhabitants and conquerors. VIII FOREWORD An attempt has becn made to give the author’s impressions of the varied physical characteristics of the Islands and to convey to the reader some ímpressíon of the scenes visited during ten different visits to the Archipelago. In Appendix B will be found a complete list of the Birds of the Islands-Residents, Migrants and Casual Visitors, thcir status and the islands in which they occur. To Mr IV. R. Og i 1vie-G-ant, until recently ,4ssistant- Keeper of Zoology, British Museum (Natural History), and to the late Mr C. E. Fagan, C. 13.E., I.S.O., Secretary of the Natural History Riuseum, the author owes more than he can express for the support, both official and unofficial, which they gave to his ornitho- Iogical cxploration of the Cannry Islnnds. The author has much pleasure in acknowleclging his decp debt of gratitude to hIr Campbell Smith, M.C., of the Dcpart- ment of Minerals, British hluseum, for the great assist- ante he has given him when writing Chapter II. ; for examining and reporting upon al1 rock specimens which were obtained, and finally for his valuable “ Note on a Fa11 of Dust, ‘ Blood-rain,’ at Gran Canaria in 1320” which appears in ful1 as Appendix A. Mr J. L. Bonhote has becn good enough to read through the proof-sheets of Chapter VI., and his valuable advice on many points has been greatly appreciated. The acknowledgments of the writer are also due to the Editor of the fbis for aliowing him to reproduce the colourecl illustrations of Chaffinches and Titmice, and also the maps which, with the exception of that of Graciosa, were specially drawn by Mr H. Mime. FOREWORT) ix Others to whom thanks are gratefully tendered are Dr Prior, F. R.S., and Dr Rendell, F.R.S., of the British ;\Iuseum (Natural History), and Dr Eagle Clarke, I.S.O., F.R.S.E., until this year Director of the Roya1 Scottish Rluseum, Edinburgh; for their help and advice: to the late Colonel H. W. Feilden, C.B., for valuable criticism and suggestions and to numerous friends and residents in the Canary Islands, amongst whom special mention should be made of Mr T. Morris, H.B.M.‘s ; Consul-General in the Canary Islands, Major Swanston, i d H. B. 11.‘~ Consul in Las Palmas, and the firm of Messrs b Elder ¿?LFyffe, al1 of whom have contributed in no small mensure to the succe ss of the various expeditions. The photographs which appear in this volume were al1 taken by the author, with thc exception of Fig. 2, p. 48, Fig. 2, p. 88, Figs. I and 2, p. 158, and Fig. 1, p. 162 ( AIrs E. M. Bannerrnan) ; the illustration facing p. 200 (Aírs Herbert Hope) ; Figs. I and 2, p. 164, and E’ig. I opposite p, 264 (AIr H. Bishop), the negatives of which have been kindly lent by the owners whose names are mentioned. To my publishers, 1 should like to express my indebtedness for the gredt consideration they have shown me, and for the care which they have bestowed on the reproduction of the Plates and Maps. D. A. B. TEJE Rrnn-Roo~, BI:ITISH hIus~x~ar (NATURAL HISTORY), LOEDOS, Octohcr 1921. CONTENTS PART 1 c,ilP. PAOP 1. DISCOVERY AND EM:LY HWORY . 3 ; Il. ORIGIN OF THE CANARY ARCHIPELAGO . 26 s d b III. ‘I‘HE PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS - GRAN CANARIA, FUERTEVENT~WA, LANZAROTE, AND THE OUTER ISLETS 45 f .m 11’. TI:SERIFE: : ITS PHTSICAL FEATURES, AND THE REGIONAL t UI~TRIRUTIOS OF THE ORNIS AND FLORA-PALMA, 5 j GohImA, .~ND HIERRO . 61 V. XFFINITIES AND OKIGIN OF THE CANARIAN FLORA . IOj s i VI THE DISTKIIKJTION OF AKIMAL AND BIRD LIFL . 122 d .” ; ! d B ; t PART 11 5 0 TRAVELS AN U ORNITHOLOGICAL EXPEDITIONS IN THE WESTERN CANARY ISLANDS VII. A JOURP;EY INTO THE HEART OF THE CUMBRES . 157 17111. IN SEMKH OF ‘~HT: BLUE CHXFFINCH OF GRAN CANARIA 180 I?c. TITE <‘CIIARCO” OF MA~PBLOMAS. 19s ;Y. THE CANARIAN RED-LEGGED PARTRIDGE . 214 ?íI. AN EXPEDITION TO THE ISLAND OF GOMERA . 231 si PART III TRAVELS AND ORNITHOLOGICAL EXPEDITIONS IN THE EASTERN CANARY ISLANDS CEbP. P*op: XII. AN ORNITHOLOGICAL EXPEDITION TO THE EASTERN CANARY ISLANDS-FUERTEVENTURA . 255 XIII. LANZAROTE . 281 XIV. TH; SHEARWATERSOF GRACIOSA . 292 XV. MONTAÑA CLARA-THE ROQUE DEL OUESTE, AND ALLEGRANZA . 303 APPENDICES A. NOTE ON A FALL OF DUST, LLB~~~~-~~~~,'l AT GRAN CANARIA IN 1920. By W. Campbell Smith, M.C., M.A., F.G.S. 321 B. LIST OF THE BIRDS OF THE CANARY ISLANDS . , 328 INDEX . 35’ LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS The Blue Chaffinch of Gran Canaria, by Roland Green (colourerl) I;rontispiece Guimar, Tenerife-under the shade of the mountains . The Garden of the Santa Catalina Hotel, Las Palmas. in rgo8-a n-ealth of vegetation The Fountain at Guimar, and a \Vasherwoman . \Vashing- Clothes at Guimar . The lirwxnca and Village of Guimar, Tenerife . ‘fhe ” .S2natorin :’ Rungalow, Guimar. Note patrhes of Pine Forest below Pass of Pedro Gil . The Guimar Road by the Lava-flow . Candelaria, Tenerife, 1920 . The Arifo-Guimar Lava-flow, Tenerife. The S’nlley of Guimar. Note the Lava-flor from the ArSfo Volcano The Prickly-Pear (Upwzfi~) Belt in Tenerife . liemnrl~nble Terracing on the Guimar-Fasnia Road . A BUWUZCO in the Valley of Guimar, Tenerife . Deselt 1-egctntion in a Buvmnco near the Sea, Tenerife. EujAoróia ohf/ts/3~iiir on the right of the picture . l*egetation inside the Rim of the Montañeta de Guimar . ITz~Jhorbia b~rlsnmifera-on the Rim of the Crater of the Montañeta de Guimnr . The Landing-stnge, Santa Cruz de Tenerifé . A 17alley in Tenerife, and a fine Aguve mnehz?za . Ilcsert I’egetation on the Montañeta de Guimar Lava -flow (Eu~hwliid, Pìocamz, /-aunen, etc.), Maritime Zone . 98 Escobin (Cyfisus proZt;rer), silver-leaved and white-flowered, by \701cano of Arrífo, 5 150 feet . 98 ‘fhe Drag-on-tree in the Garden of the Pino de Oro Hotel, Santa Cruz II2 Cnnnri:m Tittnice, drama by H. Gronvold (ro~ot~e~) . 126 Cnnnrian Chaffinches, drawn by H. Gronvold (coZooured) . 132 On the Outskirts of Laguna, Tenerife . 158 Laguna, the Ancient Capital of Tenerife . 158 XI11..< xiv LIST OF ILLUSTRATTONS FACPPASE The Isleta and Puerto de la Luz, Las Palmas, Gran Canaria . 160 The Anaga Promontory, Santa Cruz, Tenerife . 160 A Water-tank on the Monte Road . 162 A Well-watered Bavvanco in Gran Canaria-Palms and Banana Groves . 162 Bamboos anda Typical Afequia . 164 The Monte Road lined with Eucalyptus Trees . 164 Santa Brigida, Gran Canaria . 166 In the Monte, Gran Canaria, 15Sofeet . 166 The Cueva de las Niñas . 186 The Camp on the Outskirts of the Pine Forests . 186 ?‘z%us canuriez& growing on the Ridges-The home of the Blue ChafIinch in Gran Canaria . -. 194 Camp below the Roque Nublo, 6000 feet above the Sea . 194 The Cumbres towards the South-a succession of Pine-ciad ridges . 196 An unexpected home of the Red-legged Partridge in Gran Canaria, 6mo feet above the Sea . 196 Wonderful Vegetation on the Lava-flow on the Telde Road . 198 Desert Vegetation-Eujhorbia and Tamarix . 198 Orange and Banana Grobes near Tellle _ . 200 Coming Ashore at Maspalomas . 202 Camp on Maspalomas Plain . 202 The “ Charco” of Maspalomas-Tunltarix~x canariensis . 206 Water-plants in the Maspalomas “Charco” . 206 A Dangerous Path above Aldea . 224 The Landing-place, San Sebastian, Gomera . 232 Hermigua Alta-terraced banana plantations . 232 In the Mountaiñs of Gomera, 4ooo feet . 236 Amongst the Giant Heaths in the Mountains of Gomera, 3000 feet ahove the SPR . 7-38 In the Mountains of Gomera, looking down the Valley of San Sebastian . , . 238 Banana Plzntations in the Valley of Her-migua, Gomera .
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