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International Landscape Study of Research and Innovation Systems

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International Landscape Study of Research and Innovation Systems International Landscape Study of Research and Innovation Systems Annex report – country profiles July 2019 www.technopolis-group.com International Landscape Study of Research and Innovation Systems Annex report – country profiles technopolis |group| July 2019 Peter Kolarz Erik Arnold Felix Dijkstal Kalle Nielsen Kristine Farla International Landscape Study of Research and Innovation Systems i Table of Contents Introduction ................................................................................................................................................ 3 1 Country template: Australia .................................................................................................................. 4 2 Country template: Austria .................................................................................................................. 20 3 Country template: Belgium (Flanders) ............................................................................................... 28 4 Country template: Canada ................................................................................................................... 36 5 Country template: China ...................................................................................................................... 44 6 Country template: Czech Republic ...................................................................................................... 51 7 Country template: Estonia .................................................................................................................. 60 8 Country template: Finland .................................................................................................................. 68 9 Country template: France .................................................................................................................... 77 10 Country template: Germany ............................................................................................................... 84 11 Country template: Italy ........................................................................................................................ 93 12 Country template: Netherlands ......................................................................................................... 102 13 Country template: New Zealand ........................................................................................................ 112 14 Country template: Norway .................................................................................................................. 117 15 Country template: Portugal ............................................................................................................... 125 16 Country template: Singapore .............................................................................................................. 131 17 Country template: Sweden ................................................................................................................. 135 18 Country template: Switzerland .......................................................................................................... 143 19 Country template: UK ........................................................................................................................ 148 20 Country template: USA ...................................................................................................................... 158 International Landscape Study of Research and Innovation Systems iiii Introduction This report is an annex to the ‘International Landscape Study of Research and Innovation Systems’, commissioned by Research England and carried out by Technopolis between November 2018 and February 2019. This report contains information profiles of the research assessment and funding systems in 20 research-active nations, compiled via desk research and interviews with various stakeholders in each country, always including at least one representative of the organisation principally in charge of the main research assessment system in place. The findings in the main report for this study are based on analysis of the country templates presented in this annex report. International Landscape Study of Research and Innovation Systems 3 1 Country template: Australia 1. Headline facts 1.1 Country: 1.2 Population: 1.3 GERD/GDP: 1.4 GERD/GDP rank (/20): Australia 25m 1.88% 13th • There are 42 Australian Higher Education Providers (universities) recipients eligible for research block grants Australia (ED18/000792). • The Group of Eight (Go8) comprises Australia’s leading research- intensive universities—The University of Melbourne, The Australian National University, The University of Sydney, The University of Queensland, The University of Western Australia, The University of Adelaide, Monash University and University of New South Wales (NSW) Sydney (https://go8.edu.au/) • Other universities can be classified as following: - technical universities – four universities (University of Technology Sydney; Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University; University of South Australia and Curtin University) represented by the Australian Technology Network (ATN) - other pre-1987 universities, including the Innovative Research 1.5 Overview of RPO landscape Universities (IRU) network of seven universities - post-1987 universities • Many research organisations (e.g. National Centre for Social and Economic Modelling (NATSEM) are part of universities. • Health and medical research is undertaken by researchers in universities, independent medical research institutes and hospitals, as well as their partner organisations in industry and the wider community. There are 82 organisations approved to administer funding from the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC), the Australian Government’s key funding agency for health and medical research. • In 2018, 76% of NHMRC funding was administered by universities, medical research institutes accounted for 23% of funding and the remaining 1% of funding was administered by other organisations (including hospitals and government organisations). A dual funding system supports Australia’s university research system: • Competitive research funding for the direct costs of research is primarily provided by the Australian Research Council (ARC) and NHMRC. Both are agencies of the Australian Government. • In addition to and complementing NHMRC’s investment, the Medical Research Future Fund invests in health and medical research via four 1.6 Brief summary/ key streams: Patients, Researchers, Research Missions and Research system description Translation (excellence funding). The MRFF Strategy and priorities are outlined at https://beta.health.gov.au/initiatives-and- programs/medical-research-future-fund. • Research Block Grants (RBG) fund the systemic costs of research, including indirect costs and scholarships for research training and is managed by the Australian Government Department of Education and Training. This funding provision is established under the Higher Education Support Act 2003. As of 1 January 2017, block grant funding International Landscape Study of Research and Innovation Systems 4 comprises two streams of funding, the Research Support Program (RSP) and the Research Training Program (RTP). This funding is awarded retrospectively based on research income generation and higher degree by research (HDR) completions. The RSP and RTP replaced six previous block grant schemes (refer to section 2.1 below). • A proportion of Commonwealth research funding is also awarded by other agencies to support specific national objectives, including for example the Department of Industry, Innovation and Science to foster growth of Australian businesses. 2. Funding system overview 2.2 Is there a PRFS (definition: JRC/Hicks)? No University researchers can apply for competitive funding from two primary funding agencies, the ARC and the National Health and Medical Research Council. Grants offered by these agencies, as well as some other government funding opportunities are listed on Grant Connect,1 the Australian Government’s grant information system. The ARC’s purpose is to grow knowledge and innovation for the benefit of the Australian community through funding the highest quality research, assessing the quality, engagement and impact of research and providing advice on research matters. The ARC supports the highest-quality fundamental and applied research and research training through national competition across all disciplines. Australian Research Council The ARC runs the following grant programs: • The Discovery Program – supporting fundamental research 2.1 What are the • Australian Laureate Fellowships main funding system • Discovery Early Career Researcher Award (DECRA) components? • Discovery Indigenous • Discovery Projects • Future Fellowships • Linkage Program schemes – supporting industry research collaboration • ARC Centres of Excellence • Industrial Transformation Research Program • Linkage Infrastructure, Equipment and Facilities • Linkage Learned Academies Special Projects • Linkage Projects • Special Research Initiatives • Supporting Responses to Commonwealth Science Council Priorities • National Health and Medical Research Council 1 https://www.grants.gov.au/ International Landscape Study of Research and Innovation Systems 5 NHMRC established a new grant program in 2019 that provides grant funding to improve health and medical research knowledge via a diverse portfolio of schemes that:
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