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Higher Higher Education in Regional and City Development Education Higher Education in Regional and City Lombardy, Italy Development Lombardy is the most prosperous region in Italy. Thanks to its economic diversity, it in has demonstrated unusual resilience in the face of the global recession. But the Regional Lombardy, Italy region faces long-term challenges emerging from an ageing population, immigration and slow adaptation of practices and technologies that could enhance productivity. and How can Lombardy face stronger global competition? How can it attract and retain City talent? How can Lombardy raise educational attainment and unleash the potential of its large university sector for local and regional development? Development This publication is part of the series of OECD reviews of Higher Education in Regional and City Development. These reviews help mobilise higher education institutions for economic, social and cultural development of cities and regions. They analyse how the higher education system impacts upon regional and local Lombardy, Italy development and bring together universities, other higher education institutions and public and private agencies to identify strategic goals and to work towards them. 89 2010 151 E www.oecd.org/publishing Higher Education in Regional and City Development: Lombardy, Italy 2011 This work is published on the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Organisation or of the governments of its member countries. This document and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. ISBN 978-92-64-08946-4 (PDF) Series: Higher Education in Regional and City Development ISSN 2218-3140 (online) Cover credits: Design: © Francisco Esquer Mares. Photo: © Foto PromoBellagio. Corrigenda to OECD publications may be found on line at: www.oecd.org/publishing/corrigenda. © OECD 2011 You can copy, download or print OECD content for your own use, and you can include excerpts from OECD publications, databases and multimedia products in your own documents, presentations, blogs, websites and teaching materials, provided that suitable acknowledgment of OECD as source and copyright owner is given. All requests for public or commercial use and translation rights should be submitted to [email protected]. Requests for permission to photocopy portions of this material for public or commercial use shall be addressed directly to the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) at [email protected] or the Centre français d’exploitation du droit de copie (CFC) at [email protected]. FOREWORD – 3 Foreword Universities and other tertiary education institutions can play a key role in human capital development and innovation systems in their cities and regions. Reviews of Higher Education in Regional and City Development are the OECD’s tool to mobilise higher education for economic, social and cultural development of cities and regions. They analyse how the higher education system impacts local and regional development and help improve this impact. They examine higher education institution’s contribution to human capital and skills development; technology transfer and business innovation; social, cultural and environmental development; and regional capacity building. The review process facilitates partnership building in regions by drawing together higher education institutions and public and private agencies to identify strategic goals and work together towards them. More information is available about the OECD review process and requirements on the Higher Education and Regions’ website: www.oecd.org/edu/imhe/regionaldevelopment. These reviews are part of a wider multi-annum work of higher education in cities and regions co-ordinated by the OECD Programme on Institutional Management of Higher Education (IMHE). In 2004-07, the OECD/IMHE conducted an extensive study with 14 regional reviews across 12 countries. This resulted in the OECD flagship publication Higher Education and Regions: Globally Competitive, Locally Engaged (OECD, 2007) with recommendation to benefit both higher education institutions and national and regional governments. In 2008, the OECD/IMHE launched a second series of OECD reviews of Higher Education in Regional and City Development to address the demand by national and regional governments for more responsive and active higher education institutions and to support the OECD strategies on innovation and green growth. As a result, 14 regions in 11 countries, including the Lombardy region in Italy, underwent the OECD review process in 2008-11. The reviews were carried out by the OECD/IMHE in collaboration with international organisations and associations, and other OECD programmes and directorates. Lombardy was the first Italian region to participate in the series of reviews of higher education in regional and city development. The review HIGHER EDUCATION IN REGIONAL AND CITY DEVELOPMENT, LOMBARDY, ITALY © OECD 2011 4 – FOREWORD was undertaken during the time when the university sector was in flux due to the launch of the new university law. The Regional Government of Lombardy had also requested greater competencies from the State in terms of universities, research and innovation. HIGHER EDUCATION IN REGIONAL AND CITY DEVELOPMENT, LOMBARDY, ITALY © OECD 2011 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS – 5 Acknowledgements Numerous national and regional stakeholders, and representatives of higher education institutions provided valuable insights during the review visit and in the form of comments. The OECD would like to thank the Regional Government of Lombardy, the Rectors of the Lombardy universities, other representatives of higher education institutions, as well as numerous regional stakeholders who provided valuable insights during the pre-visit and the review visit. The OECD would like to thank: Alberto Brugnoli (Director General, IReR – Lombardy Regional Institute for Research)1, the Regional Co- ordinator; Carlo Secchi (Professor of European Economic Policy, Bocconi University) and Paolo Trivellato (Professor of Sociology, University of Milan-Bicocca), President and Vice-President, and all members of the Regional Steering Committee, Giuseppe Catalano (Professor of Public Economics, Politecnico di Milano), Cristiana Cattaneo (Associate Professor of Business Administration, University of Bergamo), Manuela De Carlo (Associate Professor of Business Administration, IULM), Gioacchino Garofoli (Professor of Economic Policy, University of Insubria), Enrico Marelli (Professor of Economic Policy, University of Brescia), Alberto Martinelli (Professor of Political Science and Sociology, University of Milan), Vito Moramarco (Professor of Economic Policy, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore), Antonio Emilio Scala, (Professor of Biochemistry, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University) Andrea Taroni (Rector of Carlo Cattaneo University – LIUC), Antonella Zucchella (Professor of Marketing and of Innovation Management, University of Pavia), Ignazio Gadaleta, (Professor of Painting, Brera Academy of Fine Arts), Nadia Nigris (Vice-Director General, Teatro alla Scala Academy), Pietro Paraboni 1 In January 2011 IReR merged with IReF (Istituto Regionale Lombardo di Formazione per l’amministrazione pubblica) to form a new organisation: Éupolis Lombardia - Istituto superiore per la ricerca, la statistica e la formazione (Éupolis Lombardia - Institute for Research, Statistics and Training). HIGHER EDUCATION IN REGIONAL AND CITY DEVELOPMENT, LOMBARDY, ITALY © OECD 2011 6 – ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS (President, Compagnia delle Opere Monza e Brianza), Fabio Ramaioli (Regional Secretary, APIlombarda), Roberto Albonetti (Director General, Social Welfare and Family Affairs Department), Marco Carabelli (Deputy Secretary General, Program Implementation), Ferruccio Ceccarelli (Executive, Planning Department), Armando De Crinito (Director of University and Research Unit) and Ada Fiore (Executive, Education Training and Labour Department). Our appreciation goes also to the co-ordinators of the Working Group, Sabrina Bandera and Alessandro Sala, both researchers at the IReR (Lombardy Regional Institute for Research). This publication draws on interviews carried out during a week-long review visit that took place on 27 June – 2 July 2010, on the findings of Self-evaluation Report of Lombardy (IReR, 2010), additional information provided to the review team as well as other OECD work, especially the reviews of the 14 regions involved in the second series of OECD reviews of higher education in regional and city development. The OECD review team had a full and intensive programme and were received openly by a wide range of stakeholders for review visit agenda, see Annex II. The team were also able to rely on a range of other reports, including OECD Reviews of Regional Innovation: Piedmont, Italy (OECD, 2009), OECD Territorial Reviews: Venice, Italy (OECD, 2010), OECD Economic Surveys: Italy (OECD, 2011) and tested their conclusions and recommendations within the higher education sector in Lombardy. This publication was co-ordinated by Jaana Puukka (OECD/IMHE), assisted by Austin Delaney (OECD/IMHE) and Òscar Valiente (OECD/IMHE). Jaana Puukka led the expert team who participated in the review visit and contributed to this report: Susan Christopherson (Cornell University, United States), Patrick Dubarle (former
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