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Triassic Basin Stratigraphy at Grand Manan, New Brunswick, Canada J Document generated on 09/27/2021 4:33 p.m. Atlantic Geology Triassic Basin Stratigraphy at Grand Manan, New Brunswick, Canada J. Gregory. McHone Volume 47, 2011 Article abstract The island of Grand Manan (Canada) in the southwestern Bay of Fundy has the URI: https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/ageo47art06 only exposed strata and basalt of the Grand Manan Basin, a mainly submerged Early Mesozoic riſt basin about 30 km wide by 70 km long. The basin is See table of contents bounded on the southeast by the west-dipping Red Point Fault, which bisects the island, and on the northwest by a submarine border fault marked by the Murr Escarpment, a bathymetric feature that parallels the coast of Maine Publisher(s) (USA). A fault-bounded horst of Ediacaran to Cambrian rocks separates the Grand Manan Basin from the much larger Fundy Basin to the east. The Atlantic Geoscience Society Ashburton Head, Seven Days Work, and Southwest Head members of the end-Triassic Dark Harbour Basalt cover most of western Grand Manan with a ISSN total thickness around 240 m. Up to 12 m of sub-horizontal grey mudstone and fine-grained red sandstone of the Dwellys Cove Formation are exposed along 0843-5561 (print) the western shoreline beneath the basalt. Coarse red arkosic sandstone a few 1718-7885 (digital) metres thick at Miller Pond Road rests on a basement of Late Ediacaran rocks east of the basin. Exposures of the Dwellys Cove and Miller Pond Road Explore this journal formations are at the top and bottom, respectively, of several km (?) of sub-horizontal Late Triassic clastic basin strata, juxtaposed by the eastern border fault. Extending from beneath the Miller Pond Road sandstone, a level Cite this article surface of low relief forms much of the eastern island and its archipelago, which may be interpreted as a relict Late Triassic peneplain that was beneath McHone, J. G. (2011). Triassic Basin Stratigraphy at Grand Manan, New the Mesozoic strata. Brunswick, Canada. Atlantic Geology, 47, 125–137. All rights reserved © Atlantic Geology, 2011 This document is protected by copyright law. Use of the services of Érudit (including reproduction) is subject to its terms and conditions, which can be viewed online. https://apropos.erudit.org/en/users/policy-on-use/ This article is disseminated and preserved by Érudit. Érudit is a non-profit inter-university consortium of the Université de Montréal, Université Laval, and the Université du Québec à Montréal. Its mission is to promote and disseminate research. https://www.erudit.org/en/ Triassic Basin Stratigraphy at Grand Manan, New Brunswick, Canada J. GreGory McHone 9 Dexters Lane, Grand Manan, New Brunswick E5G3A6, Canada <[email protected]> Date received: 12 April 2011 ¶ Date accepted 26 June 2011 ABSTRACT The island of Grand Manan (Canada) in the southwestern Bay of Fundy has the only exposed strata and basalt of the Grand Manan Basin, a mainly submerged Early Mesozoic rift basin about 30 km wide by 70 km long. The basin is bounded on the southeast by the west-dipping Red Point Fault, which bisects the island, and on the northwest by a submarine border fault marked by the Murr Escarpment, a bathymetric feature that parallels the coast of Maine (USA). A fault-bounded horst of Ediacaran to Cambrian rocks separates the Grand Manan Basin from the much larger Fundy Basin to the east. The Ashburton Head, Seven Days Work, and Southwest Head members of the end- Triassic Dark Harbour Basalt cover most of western Grand Manan with a total thickness around 240 m. Up to 12 m of sub-horizontal grey mudstone and fine-grained red sandstone of the Dwellys Cove Formation are exposed along the western shoreline beneath the basalt. Coarse red arkosic sandstone a few metres thick at Miller Pond Road rests on a basement of Late Ediacaran rocks east of the basin. Exposures of the Dwellys Cove and Miller Pond Road for- mations are at the top and bottom, respectively, of several km (?) of sub-horizontal Late Triassic clastic basin strata, juxtaposed by the eastern border fault. Extending from beneath the Miller Pond Road sandstone, a level surface of low relief forms much of the eastern island and its archipelago, which may be interpreted as a relict Late Triassic pe- neplain that was beneath the Mesozoic strata. RÉSUMÉ L’île Grand Manan (Canada) au sud-ouest de la baie de Fundy possède la seule strate et basalte qui affleure du bassin de Grand Manan, un bassin d’effondrement en bonne partie submergé du début du Mésozoïque qui fait envi- ron 30 km de large sur 70 km de long. Ce bassin est bordé au sud-est par la faille de Red Point qui présente en pend- age vers l’ouest et qui traverse l’île de part en part, et au nord-ouest, par une faille de bordure sous-marine marquée par l’escarpement Murr, une structure bathymétrique qui longe la côte du Maine (É.-U.). Un horst bordé par une faille et composé de roches de la période comprise entre Ediacara et le Cambrien sépare le bassin de Grand Manan du bassin de Fundy, beaucoup plus vaste, à l’est. Les membres de Ashburton Head, de Seven Days Work et de Southwest Head de la formation de basalte de Dark Harbour, de la fin du Trias, recouvrent la plus grande partie de l’ouest de l’île Grand Manan, et leur épaisseur totale serait d’environ 240 m. Des roches de mudstone gris subhorizontal et de grès rouge à grains fins de la Formation de Dwellys Cove dont l’épaisseur peut atteindre 12 m affleurent le long du rivage occidental, sous le basalte. Une couche de grès arkosique rouge grossier de quelques mètres d’épaisseur sur Miller Pond Road repose sur un socle de roches de la fin d’Ediacara, à l’est du bassin. Des affleurements des Formations de Dwellys Cove et de Miller Pond Road sont observés respectivement au sommet et à la base de la strate subhorizontale de plusieurs kilomètres (?) d’un bassin de roches clastiques de la fin du Trias, en juxtaposition avec la faille de bordure orientale. Sous le grès de Miller Pond Road, une surface de niveau en terrain peu accidenté se prolonge et compose la plus grande portion de la partie est de l’île et de son archipel, ce qui pourrait suggérer la présence d’une ancienne pénéplaine du Trias tardif qui se trouvait sous la strate du Mésozoïque. [Traduit par la redaction] INTRODUCTION known clastic and basalt units of the much larger Fundy Basin to the east, which is close enough to share a sedimentary and The Mesozoic section on Grand Manan has the only sur- structural history (Wade et al. 1996). face exposures of the Grand Manan Basin (Fig. 1), which is Unmetamorphosed basalt and clastic sedimentary strata on herein described as a separate Early Mesozoic rift basin, one of the island of Grand Manan were recognized as Early Mesozoic, many known along the eastern margin of North America (Ol- and similar to formations along the western coast of Nova Sco- sen 1997). The basin formations are comparable to the better- tia, in descriptions by Chapman (1870), Powers (1916), Alcock AtlAntic GeoloGy 47, 125–137 (2011) doi: 10.4138/atlgeol.2011.006 Copyright © Atlantic Geology, 2011 0843-5561|08|00125–13$2.95|o atlantic geology . volume 47 . 2011 126 Fig. 1. Digital bathymetry of the Grand Manan Basin area and topography of surrounding land areas. The coloured relief base map is by Roworth and Signell (1998), with structural borders in red after Wadeet al. (1996) and this paper. Line hachures indicate down-dip offset directions on normal faults. The darkest blue colour indicates where water depths exceed 125 m, with lighter colours nearer the surface. Shaded green colours simulate land relief. (1948), Patrick (1964), Wade and Jansa (1994), and McHone the eastern border fault that coincides with the total thickness (2001). A generalized map by George Pajari and colleagues is of the sedimentary Triassic strata. shown in Allaby (1984, p. 42) and in a report for the Village of Grand Manan (Hart and Pajari 1988). The island’s current open-file bedrock map by Fyffe and Grant (2005) shows little THE GRAND MANAN BASIN detail for the Mesozoic formations and structures, but an up- dated version is in preparation (Fyffe et al. 2011). The Grand Manan Basin is a small Early Mesozoic rift basin This paper provides brief field descriptions of the Early Me- with maximum dimensions around 30 km wide by 70 km long sozoic formations of Grand Manan, with an overview of their (approximately 1300 km2), with its western margin about a km stratigraphic relationships and structural history. The juxta- offshore and parallel to the easternmost coast of Maine (Fig. 1). position of the top and bottom few metres of the sub-basalt The international boundary between Canada and the United sedimentary section on opposite sides of the island is a unique States extends through the central part of the basin, but the and unexpected occurrence, and it indicates displacement on border remains unresolved around Machias Seal Island a few McHone – Triassic Basin Stratigraphy at Grand Manan, New Brunswick, Canada Copyright © Atlantic Geology, 2011 atlantic geology . volume 47 . 2011 127 Fig. 2. Bedrock geology map of Grand Manan, simplified from Fyffeet al. (2011). McHone – Triassic Basin Stratigraphy at Grand Manan, New Brunswick, Canada Copyright © Atlantic Geology, 2011 atlantic geology . volume 47 . 2011 128 km to the south (Fig. 1). The western basin margin is well de- of the Bay of Fundy (Wade et al. 1996). Up to 8000 m of clas- fined by the Murr Escarpment, a straight and steep bathymetric tic sediments and 1000 m of basalt fill the central Fundy Ba- slope close to the Maine coast that apparently marks a high- sin, thinning to less than half that eastward into Nova Scotia angle Mesozoic border fault (Barnhardt et al.
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