Curriculum Vitae Prof. Dr. Cyril Norman Hinshelwood

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Curriculum Vitae Prof. Dr. Cyril Norman Hinshelwood Curriculum Vitae Prof. Dr. Cyril Norman Hinshelwood Name: Cyril Norman Hinshelwood Lebensdaten: 19. Juni 1897 ‐ 9. Oktober 1967 Cyril Norman Hinshelwood war ein britischer Chemiker. Er untersuchte Aspekte der chemischen Reaktionskinetik. Nach ihm ist der Langmuir‐Hinshelwood‐Mechanismus benannt. Er beschreibt die Reaktion zweier Ausgangsstoffe an einer Katalysator‐Oberfläche. Für seine Forschungen über die Mechanismen chemischer Reaktion wurde Hinshelwood 1956 mit dem Nobelpreis für Chemie ausgezeichnet. Akademischer und beruflicher Werdegang Cyril Norman Hinshelwood war sehr begabt und bekam ein Stipendium für die University of Oxford zugesprochen. Wegen des Ersten Weltkriegs konnte er dies jedoch nicht in Anspruch nehmen. Stattdessen war er in dieser Zeit als Chemiker in einer Sprengstofffabrik in Queensferry, Schottland tätig. 1919 ging er ans Balliol College in Oxford, wo er einen durch die Nachkriegszeit verkürzten Kurs in Chemie besuchen durfte. Seine Auffassungsgabe der chemischen Prinzipien war so herausragend, dass er erneut für ein Stipendium vorgeschlagen wurde. In Oxford erlangte Hinshelwood den Bachelor‐ und Master‐Grad. Von 1921 bis 1937 arbeitete er am Trinity College in Oxford als Tutor. 1937 erhielt er eine Professur für Chemie an der Universität Oxford. Auch während des Zweiten Weltkriegs war er für die Kriegsproduktion tätig, so unter anderem bei der Herstellung von Gasmasken und Penicillin. Nobelpreis für Chemie 1956 Die chemische Kinetik, die Geschwindigkeit und Mechanismus einer chemischen Reaktion untersucht, war zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts noch wenig erforscht. Hinshelwood hatte großes Interesse an den Mechanismen derartiger chemischer Prozesse. Es wurde während des Ersten Weltkriegs noch verstärkt, als er in einer Munitionsfabrik beschäftigt war, wo er sich mit der Chemie von explosiven Stoffen beschäftigte. Nationale Akademie der Wissenschaften Leopoldina www.leopoldina.org 1 In den Jahren 1927 und 1928 arbeitete Hinshelwood an kinetischen Untersuchungen chemischer Reaktionen, vor allem zur Bildung von Wasser aus den Elementen. Außerdem untersuchte er die Explosionsreaktion von Wasserstoff mit Sauerstoff (Knallgas‐Reaktion) und beschrieb das Phänomen der Kettenreaktion. Fast zeitgleich mit dem Russen Nikolai Semjonow veröffentlichte er seine Ergebnisse. Beide Forscher lernten sich Anfang der dreißiger Jahre kennen und wurden Freunde. Ihre Arbeiten waren wegweisend für das Verständnis des Verlaufs chemischer Reaktionen. So spielen die von ihnen entdeckten Kettenreaktionen eine wichtige Rolle bei großtechnischen Prozessen wie etwa beim Verfahren der Polymerisation, das der industriellen Herstellung von Kunststoff zu Grunde liegt. Dafür wurden Hinshelwood und Semjonow im Jahr 1956 gemeinsam mit dem Nobelpreis für Chemie ausgezeichnet. Auszeichnungen und verliehene Mitgliedschaften Hinshelwood erhielt zahlreiche weitere Auszeichnungen, darunter die Lavoisier‐Medaille der Société Chimique de France (1935), die Davy‐Medaille der Royal Society (1943), die Royal Medal der Royal Society London (1947), die Longstaff‐Medaille der Chemical Society London (1948), die Guldberg‐ Medaille der Universität Oslo (1952), die Faraday‐Medaille der Chemical Society London (1953), die Avogadro‐Medaille der Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei Rom (1956), den Order of Merit (1960) sowie die Copley‐Medaille der Royal Society London (1962). Bereits im Jahr 1948 wurde er in den Adelsstand erhoben. Hinshelwood war Mitglied zahlreicher wissenschaftlicher Einrichtungen und Akademien, darunter der Royal Society (1929), deren Foreign Secretary er zwischen 1950 und 1955 er war und der er zwischen 1955 und 1960 als Präsident vorstand. Darüber hinaus war er von 1940 bis 1943 Vizepräsident und von 1946 bis 1948 Präsident der Chemical Society in London. Außerdem war er Mitglied der Deutschen Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina (1959) sowie der Accademia della Scienze Bologna, der Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei Rom, der Akademie der Wissenschaften der UdSSR, der American Academy of Arts and Sciences, der New York Academy of Sciences sowie der US‐National Academy of Sciences (1960). Zahlreiche Universitäten verliehen ihm die Ehrendoktorwürde, darunter Oxford, Bristol, Cambridge, Dublin, Hull, Leeds, London, Ottawa, Sheffield und Wales. Zur Person Cyril Norman Hinshelwood wurde am 19. Juni 1897 als einziges Kind eines Buchhalters in London geboren. Sein Vater starb 1904, so dass die Mutter den Sohn allein durchbringen musste. Hinshelwood war nie verheiratet. Er sprach sieben Fremdsprachen fließend, sammelte chinesische Keramik, galt als Experte für persische Teppiche und interessierte sich für fremdsprachige Literatur. Die Internationale Astronomische Union benannte im Jahr 2009 einen Mondkrater nach ihm. Hinshelwood starb am 9. Oktober 1967 in London. Nationale Akademie der Wissenschaften Leopoldina www.leopoldina.org 2 .
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