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1 Samuel Antony F THE FORMS OF THE OLD TESTAMENT LITERATURE Editors GENE M. TUCKER · MARVIN A. SWEENEY ״ ROLF P. KNIERIM *1 Genesis; with an Introduction to Narrative Literature George W. Coats *IIA Exodus 1-18 George W. Coats IIB Exodus 19-40; with an Introduction to Legal Genres Rolf P. Knierim III Leviticus Rodney R. Hutton IV Numbers George W. Coats & Rolf P. Knierim V Deuteronomy Frederick G. Tiffany VI Joshua, Judges Robert L. Hubbard, Jr., & Malcolm M. Clark *VII 1 Samuel Antony F. Campbell, S.J. VIII 2 Samuel Antony F. Campbell, S.J. *IX 1 Kings; with an Introduction to Historical Literature Burke O. Long *X 2 Kings Burke O. Long *XI 1 and 2 Chronicles Simon J. De Vries XII Ezra, Nehemiah Kent Richards *XIII Ruth, Esther, Job, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Canticles; with an Introduction to Wisdom Literature Roland E. Murphy *XIV Psalms, Part 1; with an Introduction to Cultic Poetry Erhard S. Gerstenberger *XV Psalms, Part 2, and Lamentations Erhard S. Gerstenberger *XVI Isaiah 1-39; with an Introduction to Prophetic Literature Marvin A. Sweeney XVII Isaiah 40-66 Roy F. Melugin XVIII Jeremiah Richard D. Weis *XIX Ezekiel Ronald M. Hals *XX Daniel; with an Introduction to Apocalyptic Literature John J. Collins XXIA Minor Prophets, Part 1 Ehud Ben Zvi, Gene M. Tucker, & J. William Whedbee *XXIB Mica h Ehud Ben Zvi *XXII Minor Prophets, Part 2 Michael H. Floyd XXIII Glossary of Genre Terms Rolf P. Knierim & Gene M. Tucker XXIV Indices Rolf P. Knierim & Gene M. Tucker *Published 1 SAMUEL ANTONY F. CAMPBELL, S.J. The Forms of the Old Testament Literature VOLUME VII WILLIAM B. EERDMANS PUBLISHING COMPANY GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN / CAMBRIDGE, U.K. © 2003 Wm. Β. Eerdmans Publishing Co. All rights reserved Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. 255 Jefferson Ave. S.E., Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503 / P.O. Box 163, Cambridge CB3 9PU U.K. Printed in the United States of America 08 07 06 05 04 03 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Campbell, Antony F. 1 Samuel / Antony F. Campbell, p. cm. — (The forms of the Old Testament; v. 7) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 0-8028-6079-6 (pbk.: alk. paper) 1. Bible. O.T. Samuel, 1st — Commentaries. 2. Bible. O.T. Samuel, 1st — Criticism, Form. I. Title: First Samuel. II. Title. III. Series. BS1325.53.C36 2003 222'.4307 — dc21 2003040776 www.ee1dmans.com To Rolf and Hildegard without whom, these volumes would not have happened CONTENTS Abbreviations and Symbols ix Editors' Foreword xii Author's Preface xv Introduction 1 1 SAMUEL Chapter 1 The Overall Shape and Scope of 1-2 Samuel 23 Chapter 2 The Arrival of Samuel on the National Scene (1 Sam 1-3) 34 Chapter 3 The Departure of the Ark from the National Scene ( 1 Sam 4-6) 60 Chapter 4 The Emergence of the Monarchy: The Arrival of Saul and the New Institution of Monarchy (1 Sam 7-12) 85 Chapter 5 The Emergence of the Monarchy: The Dismissal of Saul and the Beginning of David's Arrival (1 Sam 13:1-16:13) 134 Chapter 6 David's Emergence in Israel (1 Sam 16:14-18:16) 167 Chapter 7 Veiled Conflict at the Court (1 Sam 18:17-21:1) 194 Chapter 8 Open Rupture between David and Saul (1 Sam 21:2-27:12) 220 Chapter 9 The Ultimate Failure of Saul (1 Sam 28-31) 276 Chapter 10 Diachronic Dimension: From Past Texts to Present Text 295 Glossary 340 ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS I. Miscellaneous Abbreviations and Symbols DH Deuteronomistic History dtr deuteronomistic; when needed, "deuteronomic" will be written in full Dtr. M. Noth's abbreviation for his Deuteronomist DtrN the "nomistic" (= legally oriented) dtr editor/editing (used when discussing the hypothesis of an exilic DH with two revisions later in the exile, postulated by Smend, Dietrich, Veijola, and others) DtrP the later dtr editor/editing identifiable by interest in matters prophetic (used when discussing the hypothesis of an exilic DI I with two revisions later in the exile, postulated by Smend, Dietrich, Veijola, and others) LXX Septuagint (= Greek) LXXA Septuagint: Codex Alexandrinus LXXB Septuagint: Codex Vaticanus LXXL Septuagint: Lucianic recension (often equivalent to the mss. group boc2e2) MT Masoretic Text (= Hebrew) PR Prophetic Record 4QSam Samuel material from Cave 4 at Qumran N.B.: The asterisk (*) is used throughout this volume to indicate that only the relevant parts of the verse or verses so marked are referred to. In other words, the asterisk (*) is a signal that a part or parts of the text involved are excluded from the reference. indicates terms in the Glossary. II. Publications AAS F Annales Academiae Scientiarum Fennicae AB Anchor Bible ABD Anchor Bible Dictionary ABR Australian Biblical Review AnBib Analecta biblica ANET Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament APSP American Philosophical Society Proceedings ATANT Abhandlungen zur Theologie des Alten und Neuen Testaments BASOR Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research BBB Bonner biblische Beiträge BET Beiträge zur evangelischen Theologie Bib Biblica BJRL Bulletin of the John Rylands University Library BWANT Beiträge zur Wissenschaft vom Alten und Neuen Testament BZAW Beihefte zur ZAW CBC Cambridge Bible Commentary CBQ Catholic Biblical Quarterly CBQMS Catholic Biblical Quarterly Monograph Series DH Martin Noth, The Deuteronomistic History. 2nd ed. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic, 1991 ETL Ephemerides theologicae lovanienses FAT Forschungen zum Alten Testament FB Forschung zur Bibel FOTL Fonns of the Old Testament Literature FRLANT Forschungen zur Religion und Literatur des Alten und Neuen Testaments HAT Handbuch zum Alten Testament HSM Harvard Semitic Monographs HUCA Hebrew Union College Annual ICC International Critical Commentary JBL Journal of Biblical Literature JNSL Journal of Northwest Semitic Languages JPS Jewish Publication Society, The Holy Scriptures (1917) JQR Jewish Quarterly Review JSOT Journal for the Study of the Old Testament JSOTSup Journal for the Study of the Old Testament Supplement JTS Journal of Theological Studies KHC Kurzer Hand-Commentar zum Alten Testament NAB New American Bible NRSV New Revised Standard Version OBO Orbis biblicus el orientalis OTL Old Testament Library RB Revue biblique RSV Revised Standard Version SBLDS Society of Biblical Literature Dissertation Series SBLMS Society of Biblical Literature Monograph Series SBLSCS Society of Biblical Literature Septuagint and Cognate Studies SBS Stuttgarter Bibelstudien TB Theologische Bücherei ThZ Theologische Zeitschrift VT Vetus Testamentum WBC Word Biblical Commentary WMANT Wissenschaftliche Monographien zum Alten und Neuen Testament ZAW Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft ZThK Zeitschrift für Theologie und Kirche FOREWORD ׳EDITORS This volume by Professor Antony F. Campbell, S.J., represents the first of his two commentaries on the books of Samuel and the fourteenth appearance in the commentary series of The Forms of the Old Testament Literature. It follows the basic design by which all contributions to this commentary have been guided from its inception a generation ago. This design was described in each of the previously published volumes. These repeated descriptions may be read and kept in mind also for the present volume and the forthcoming volume on 2 Sam- uel by the same author. Nevertheless, it should be helpful to highlight some as- pects concerning the distinctive focus in this commentary series and also at least one modification by Professor Campbell to it. As an established part of the tasks of exegesis, the entire commentary se- ries has been and continues to be preoccupied with what has been known as the form-critical interpretation of the Old Testament (Hebrew Bible). Within the tradition of this form-critical interpretation, however, the method pursued in this commentary represents not only an addition to the original method of form criticism but also a shift in the approach to it. Original form criticism explains the texts in light of their societal back- ground. It focused — and focuses — on such patterns in the texts that reveal that these patterns have their origin in typical conventions in the settings and traditions of actual societal life, and are typically structured and intended to function according to these conventions. The reference to — societal — "set- ting" (Sitz im Leben) is, of course, not to be confused with the reference to, or question of — historical — "situation" (historische Situation). However, since the aspect of the settings of these conventions is inseparably connected with the aspect of their traditions, form criticism has from its outset been connected with tradition history, and also — in due ־the study of the history of traditions, 01 course — with the study of the history of the transmission of the traditions, or transmission history. While the interest in the societal background reflected in the texts re- mains acknowledged and pursued, the present commentary series focuses first of all on the conditions of Ihe texts themselves as they are before us, their readers. This focus rests on the insight that the texts are also shaped according to the conditions of their own present, which are reflected in their own struc- ture and setting and are indicative also of the genres at work in that present identity. In whatever sense the texts before us reflect societal conventions un- derneath, or refer to past events or conditions, or rest on orally transmitted tra- ditions, they not only presuppose, reflect, and even represent and often di- rectly refer to their own reality, instead of those other realities; they are before us only as written literature. The genuine nature of the texts, as literature in its own right, especially in antiquity, cannot be emphasized enough. And the fact that we encounter this literary reality before any other is also important at the initial stage of the study of the texts in form criticism. The current commen- tary starts therefore with the interpretation of the written nature of the texts in their own socio-historical reality and as a part of it — which is what the title of the commentary has always meant: The Forms of the Old Testament Literature — as literature.
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