Partners with God

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Partners with God Partners with God Theological and Critical Readings of the Bible in Honor of Marvin A. Sweeney Shelley L. Birdsong & Serge Frolov Editors CLAREMONT STUDIES IN HEBREW BIBLE AND SEPTUAGINT 2 Partners with God Table of Contents Theological and Critical Readings of the Bible in Honor of Marvin A. Sweeney Abbreviations ix ©2017 Claremont Press Preface xv 1325 N. College Ave Selected Bibliography of Marvin A. Sweeney’s Writings xvii Claremont, CA 91711 Introduction 1 ISBN 978-1-946230-13-3 Pentateuch Is Form Criticism Compatible with Diachronic Exegesis? 13 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Rethinking Genesis 1–2 after Knierim and Sweeney Serge Frolov Partners with God: Theological and Critical Readings of the Bible in Exploring Narrative Forms and Trajectories 27 Honor of Marvin A. Sweeney / edited by Shelley L. Birdsong Form Criticism and the Noahic Covenant & Serge Frolov Peter Benjamin Boeckel xxi + 473 pp. 22 x 15 cm. –(Claremont Studies in Hebrew Bible Natural Law Recorded in Divine Revelation 41 and Septuagint 2) A Critical and Theological Reflection on Genesis 9:1-7 Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-946230-13-3 Timothy D. Finlay 1. Bible—Criticism, Narrative 2. Bible—Criticism, Form. The Holiness Redaction of the Abrahamic Covenant 51 BS 1192.5 .P37 2017 (Genesis 17) Bill T. Arnold Former Prophets Miscellaneous Observations on the Samson Saga 63 Cover: The Prophet Jeremiah by Barthélemy d’Eyck with an Excursus on Bees in Greek and Roman Buogonia Traditions John T. Fitzgerald The Sword of Solomon 73 The Subversive Underbelly of Solomon’s Judgment of the Two Prostitutes Craig Evan Anderson Two Mothers and Two Sons 83 Reading 1 Kings 3:16–28 as a Parody on Solomon’s Coup (1 Kings 1–2) Hyun Chul Paul Kim Y Heavenly Porkies 101 The Psalm in Habakkuk 3 263 Prophecy and Divine Deception in 1 Kings 13 and 22 Steven S. Tuell Lester L. Grabbe “Have We Not All One Father? Has Not One God 275 “What Have I Done to You?”—1 Kings 19:19–21 111 Created Us?” A Study in Prophetic Ethics Revisiting Malachi 2:10a Jeremiah Unterman Ehud Ben Zvi Jezebel 123 A Phoenician Princess Gone Bad? Miscellaneous Tammi J. Schneider Pots, Pits, and Promises 297 King Lists as a Structuring Principle in the Book of Kings 133 Jeremiah as Allusion to Genesis John H. Hull, Jr. Shelley L. Birdsong (Para)textual Composition on Both Sides of 311 Latter Prophets the Canonical Divide A Form Critical Reappraisal of Isaiah 8:9–10 147 William Yarchin H. G. M. Williamson Job 31:9–10 321 Who Says What to Whom Erotic Euphemisms in the Bible and Ancient Speakers, Hearers, and Overhearers in Second Isaiah 157 Near Eastern and Rabbinic Literature Patricia K. Tull Shalom M. Paul Too Many Hands? 169 Miscategorizing Chosenness 327 Isaiah 65–66 and the Reading of the Book of Isaiah Jon D. Levenson Reinhard Kratz From Deuteronomy to the Lost Gospel 345 And the Word Became Words 189 An Intra-Jewish Controversy about Group The Inscription of the Divine Word on Jeremiah Annihilation the Prophet in Jeremiah the Book Dennis R. MacDonald Else K. Holt List of Contributors 355 The Structure of MT Jeremiah, with Special Attention 201 Bibliography 359 to Chapters 21–45 Indices 409 Richard D. Weis Literary Structure in Ezekiel 25 225 Addressee, Formulas, and Genres Tyler D. Mayfield Was Ezekiel a Messenger? A Manager? Or a Moving Sanctuary? 237 A Beckettian Reading of the Book of Ezekiel in the Inquiry of the Divine Presence Soo J. Kim The Encounter between Hosea’s YHWH (Hosea 11) 251 and Taiwanese Matzu A Cross-Religious Hermeneutics of the Two Divine Images Hye Kyung Park YL YLL Abbreviations AB Anchor Bible ABG Arbeiten zur Bibel und ihrer Geschichte AcJTS Acta Jutlandica, Theological Series AES Archives Européennes de Sociologie AHw Akkadisches Handwörterbuch AIL Ancient Israel and Its Literature AKL Assyrian King List AnBib Analecta Biblica ANETS Ancient Near Eastern Texts and Studies AOAT Alter Orient und Altes Testament AOS American Oriental Series AOTC Abingdon Old Testament Commentaries ARAB Ancient Records of Assyria and Babylonia ASR American Sociological Review ATA Alttestamentliche Abhandlungen ATANT Abhandlungen zur Theologie des Alten und Neuen Testaments BAR Biblical Archaeology Review BARIS (British Archaeological Reports) International Series BBB Bonner biblische Beiträge BETL Bibliotheca Ephemeridum Theologicarum Lovaniensium BEvT Beiträge zur evangelischen Theologie BHS Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia Bib Biblica BibInt Biblical Interpretation BibInt Biblical Interpretation Series BibSem The Biblical Seminar BJS Brown Judaic Studies BKAT Biblischer Kommentar, Altes Testament BLS Bible and Literature Series BM Beth Mikra BMus Bibliothèque de Muséon L[ BOSHNP Berit Olam: Studies in Hebrew Narrative and Poetry Hen Henoch BRS The Biblical Resource Series HKAT Handkommentar zum Alten Testament BSHT Biblical Studies Historic Texts HS Hebrew Studies BThSt Biblisch-theologische Studies HSM Harvard Semitic Monographs BWA(N)T Beiträge zur Wissenschaft vom Alten (und Neuen) HThKAT Herders Theologischer Kommentar zum Alten Testament Testament BZABR Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für altorientalische und HUCA Hebrew Union College Annual biblische Rechtsgeschichte HUCM Monographs of the Hebrew Union College BZAW Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Int Interpretation Wissenschaft IB Interpreter’s Bible CAD The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the IBC Interpretation: A Bible Commentary for Preaching and University of Chicago Teaching CB The Century Bible IBT Interpreting Biblical Texts Series CBET Contributions to Biblical Exegesis and Theology ICC International Critical Commentary CBQ Catholic Biblical Quarterly ISBL Indiana Studies in Biblical Literature CBS Core Biblical Studies JBA Jewish Book Annual CBSC Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges JAOS Journal of the American Oriental Society CC Continental Commentaries JBL Journal of Biblical Literature CSHBS Claremont Studies in Hebrew Bible and Septuagint JHebS Journal of Hebrew Scriptures CurBS Currents in Research: Biblical Studies JIBS Journal of the Institute of Biblical Studies DBOT De Boeken van het Oude Testament JNES Journal of Near Eastern Studies DCH Dictionary of Classical Hebrew JNSL Journal of Northwest Semitic Languages DDD Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible JPOS Journal of the Palestine Oriental Society DJD Discoveries in the Judaean Desert JPSEJ JPS Essential Judaism DSBLH Dove Studies in Bible, Language, and History JPSTC JPS Torah Commentary EBib Etudes bibliques JQR Jewish Quarterly Review ECL Early Christianity and Its Literature JKOTS Journal of the Korean Old Testament Society ELLS English Language and Literature Studies JRitSt Journal of Ritual Studies FAT Forschungen zum Alten Testament JSJ Journal for the Study of Judaism FOTL Forms of the Old Testament Literature JSJSup Journal for the Study of Judaism in the Persian, FRLANT Forschungen zur Religion und Literatur des Alten und Hellenistic, and Roman Periods Supplements Neuen Testaments JSOT Journal for the Study of the Old Testament FS Foundations of Semiotics JSOTSup Journal for the Study of the Old Testament Supplement GKC Gesenius’ Hebrew Grammar Series HALOT The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament JSS Journal of Jewish Studies HAT Handbuch zum Alten Testament JTISup Journal of Theological Interpretation, Supplements HBM Hebrew Bible Monographs JTS Journal of Theological Studies HBT Horizons in Biblical Theology KAR Keilschrifturkunden aus Boghazköi [ [L KAT Kommentar zum Alten Testament RB Revue biblique KEHAT Kurzgefasstes exegetisches Handbuch zum Alten RelSRev Religious Studies Review Testament RevQ Revue de Qumran KHC Kurzer Hand-Commentar zume Alten Testament RlA Reallexikon der Assyriologie KUSATU Kleine Untersuchungen zur Sprache des Alten Testaments ROT Reading the Old Testament und seiner Umwelt RIMA Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia, Assyrian Periods LAS Leipziger altorientalistische Studien RINAP Royal Inscriptions of the Neo-Assyrian Period LHBOTS The Library of Hebrew Bible/Old Testament Studies SemeiaSt Semeia Studies LJI Library of Jewish Ideas SANE Sources from the Ancient Near East LJK Library of Jewish Knowledge SBS Stuttgarter Bibelstudien LSTS The Library of the Second Temple Series SBLDS Society of Biblical Literature Dissertation Series MARIP Middle American Research Institute Publications SBLMS Society of Biblical Literature Monograph Series MDAI Mitteilungen des Deutschen archäologischen Instituts SBLRBS Society of Biblical Literature Resources for Biblical MJ Modern Judaism Study MLBS Mercer Library of Biblical Studies SBLSP Society of Biblical Literature Seminar Papers MnemoSup Mnemosyne Supplements SBT Studies in Biblical Theology MSL Materialien zum sumerischen Lexikon SDSSRS Studies in the Dead Sea Scrolls and Related Literature NAC New American Commentary SHBC Smyth & Helwys Bible Commentary NCBC New Century Bible Commentary SKGG Schriften der Königsberger Gelehrten Gesellschaft NIBC New International Bible Commentary. Edited by SMANE Sources and Monographs on the Ancient Near East: Leander E. Keck. The New Interpreter’s Bible. 12 vols. Sources from the Ancient Near East Nashville: Abingdon, 1994–2004. SOTI Studies in Old Testament Interpretation NICOT New International Commentary on the Old Testament Spec Speculum NIB New Interpreter’s Bible SSLL Studies in Semitic Languages and Linguistics NIDB New Interpreter’s Dictionary of the Bible. Ed. Katherine SSN Studia Semitica Neerlandica Doob Sakenfeld. New Interpreter’s Dictionary of
Recommended publications
  • The Language of Creation and the Construction of a New Concept of Theodicy: Job 38-42
    The Language of Creation and the Construction of a New Concept of Theodicy: Job 38-42 Nicole Marie Hildebrand Faculty of Religious Studies McGill University, Montréal August 2006 A thesis submitted to McGill University in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Degree of Master of Arts © Nicole Marie Hildebrand, 2006 Library and Bibliothèque et 1+1 Archives Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de l'édition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A ON4 Ottawa ON K1A ON4 Canada Canada Your file Votre référence ISBN: 978-0-494-32523-0 Our file Notre référence ISBN: 978-0-494-32523-0 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non­ L'auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library permettant à la Bibliothèque et Archives and Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par télécommunication ou par l'Internet, prêter, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des thèses partout dans loan, distribute and sell th es es le monde, à des fins commerciales ou autres, worldwide, for commercial or non­ sur support microforme, papier, électronique commercial purposes, in microform, et/ou autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriété du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in et des droits moraux qui protège cette thèse. this thesis. Neither the thesis Ni la thèse ni des extraits substantiels de nor substantial extracts from it celle-ci ne doivent être imprimés ou autrement may be printed or otherwise reproduits sans son autorisation.
    [Show full text]
  • Ezekiel Week 1 Introduction and Background
    Ezekiel Week 1 Introduction and Background Outline of Ezekiel The Book virtually divides itself into three major sections: (1) call and oracles of judgment on Israel (chs 1–24); (2) oracles of judgment on foreign nations, or Gentile oracles (chs 25– 32); and (3) oracles and visions of restoration (chs 33–48). (Sometimes chs 40–48 are considered a separate, fourth section.) I. Ezekiel’s Call and Oracles of Judgment on Israel (chs 1–24) A. Ezekiel’s Inaugural Vision and Commissioning (chs 1–3) 1. Ezekiel’s inaugural vision (ch 1) 2. The prophetic commissioning of Ezekiel: part 1 (ch 2) 3. The prophetic commissioning of Ezekiel: part 2 (ch 3) B. Prophecies of Judgment against Israel (chs 4–24) 1. The first action prophecies of Jerusalem’s siege and exile (ch 4) 2. More action prophecies and the first judgment oracle (ch 5) 3. Judgment for idolatry on the mountains (ch 6) 4. “The end has come” (ch 7) 5. The glory of God versus four abominations in the temple (ch 8) 6. Those without the mark are slain (ch 9) 7. The glory mounts the throne over the cherubim and wheels (ch 10) 8. After promising “one heart” and “a new spirit,” the glory departs the temple (ch 11) 9. An action prophecy of the prince’s exile and two false proverbs about true prophecy (ch 12) 10. False prophets and prophetesses (ch 13) 11. Cases of casuistry (ch 14) 12. Jerusalem is a useless vine (ch 15) 13. Jerusalem the whore (ch 16) 14. The allegory of the cedar sprig and the Messiah planted by Yahweh (ch 17) 15.
    [Show full text]
  • Ezekiel 10:1-14
    Ezekiel 10:1-14 PREVIOUS Michelangelo's Ezekiel on the Sistine Chapel NEXT Click chart to enlarge Click chart to enlarge Chart from Jensen's Survey of the OT - used by permission Ezekiel Chart on right side of page from Charles Swindoll CHRONOLOGY OF EZEKIEL'S PROPHECIES PROPHECY OF PROPHECY OF JUDGMENT RESTORATION The LORD is not there The LORD is There FATE FOES FUTURE OF JUDAH OF JUDAH OF JUDAH Before the Siege During the Siege After the Siege 593-588 BC 587-586 586-571 7 YEARS 15 YEARS OF PROPHESYING OF PROPHESYING HORROR & NO HOPE HOPE Ezekiel 1:1-3:27 Ezekiel 4:1-24:27 Ezekiel 25:1-32:32 Ezekiel 33:1-39:29 Ezekiel 40:1-48:35 Ezekiel Sees the Glory & Judgments Judgments Against the Restoration of Israel to Visions of the Temple Receives the Call Against Judah Gloating Nations the LORD Jehovah Shammah Hannah's Bible Outlines. B. The vision of the coals of fire (Ezekiel 10:1-22) a. The instruction to the man clothed in linen (Ezekiel 10:1-2) b. The movement of God's glory to the threshold (Ezekiel 10:3-5) c. The action of the cherub (Ezekiel 10:6-8) d. The description of the cherubim (Ezekiel 10:9-17) e. The movement of God's glory to the east gate (Ezekiel 10:18-19) f. The identification of the cherubim (Ezekiel 10:20-22) Ezekiel 10:1 Then I looked, and behold, in the expanse that was over the heads of the cherubim something like a sapphire stone, in appearance resembling a throne, appeared above them.
    [Show full text]
  • OT225 Jeremiah-Ezekiel: Human Failure & Divine Success
    Course Study Guide OT225 Jeremiah-Ezekiel: Human Failure & Divine Success By Dr. Douglas Stuart Updated 2014 © 2015 Our Daily Bread Ministries. All Rights Reserved. Lesson 1 Study Guide OT225 Jeremiah-Ezekiel: Human Failure & Divine Success Jeremiah: The Faithful God Rebukes & Preserves His Faithless People Updated 2014 © 2015 Our Daily Bread Ministries. All Rights Reserved. www.christianuniversity.org Objectives This lesson explores God’s messages to a dying nation. When Judah’s sin led her to the depths of disobedience, God maintained His faithfulness to His covenant while judging Judah for her rejection of it. When you complete this lesson, “Jeremiah: The Faithful God Rebukes and Preserves His Faithless People,” you should be able to: • Explain how God demonstrates His loyal love in the process of destroying His disobedient nation. • Discover and use the themes and structure of Jeremiah to more clearly understand his writings. • Form essential principles for living in obedience to God’s Word. Scripture Reading Read the Book of Jeremiah. OT225 Course Study Guide | © 2015 Our Daily Bread Ministries. All Rights Reserved. | Lesson 1 | 2 www.christianuniversity.org Transcript Course Title: Jeremiah-Ezekiel: Human Failure & Divine Success Lesson One: Jeremiah: The Faithful God Rebukes and Preserves His Faithless People I. Call of Jeremiah (1:1-19) A. Prophet to the Nations Jeremiah is often called the prophet to the nations based on the first words of his call from God. We read this in Jeremiah 1: “The Word of the Lord came to me, saying, ‘Before I formed you in the womb I knew you, before you were born I set you apart; I appointed you as a prophet to the nations.’” What’s going on? Why this emphasis on the nations? Jeremiah lived in a time, the last few decades of the 600s or the seventh century B.C., when there were many things happening that were truly cataclysmic.
    [Show full text]
  • Ezekiel 25 Part 22
    1 graceWORKS ! GOING DEEPER The Papou Study Bible is a daily study provided by me to help folks explore the depth and joy of the “conneXion” life of God. It’s my personal study, and is not intended as a doctrinal statement or statement of any church or denomination or congregation. It’s also my belief that “grace” works, and the servant of God should always want to go deeper. Multi- tasking as usual, I’m also calling this the “Papou Study Bible.” I’m writing it as if I were speaking to my girls Paige, Stephanie, and Ashley, and any descendant they have (particularly Nicole, Joey, Matthew, Dylan, Julianne, and Lizzie, who know me as “Papou”). And to anyone who wants to consider me a spiritual Dad or “Papou.” I want them to be able to study the Bible with Papou (grandpa in Greek) after I’m gone---and if they don’t, I’ll haunt them. The Scriptures say it’s noble to “search the Scriptures daily” to verify truth like the ancient Bereans did (Acts 17:11). My folks came from Berea. My incredible Dad (and your grandfather and great grandfather, guys), Vasil Charles Valekis taught me to do this like he did---every day until I die. He taught me and everyone I know to go to church no matter what and to put God first. While Mama (Maria Pagona Stratakis Valekis) never really did this, she made sure we listened to Daddy on this one. She would have hit us with a spatula or frying pan or worse if we didn’t.
    [Show full text]
  • What Does the Old Testament Say About God?
    What Does the Old Testament Say About God? BY CLAUS WESTERMANN Edited by Friedemann WI Golka JOHN KNOX PRESS ATLANTA -_ Editor’s Preface This book is based on the Sprunt Lectures delivered by Professor D. Claus Westermann at IJnion Theological Seminary, Richmond, Virginia, from January 3 1 to February 3, 1977. The first four lectures, which have been translated by Julian Grinsted and the present editor, appear more or less in their original form with the addition of biblio- graphical material. The two final lectures (chapters V and VI) have been thoroughly revised and retranslated by the Reverend Alastair Unless otherwise indicated, the Scripture quotations in this book are from the Revised H. B. Logan and the present editor. I am also greatly indebted to my Standard Version Bible, copyright 1946, 1952, and @ 1971, 1973 by the Division of colleague Alastair Logan for taking upon himself the labor of proof- Christian Education, National Council of the Churches of Christ in the U. S. A. and reading. are used by permission. Last, but by no means least, thanks must go to Lady Frances M. Bruce Lockhart for her perseverance in typing not only the original I,rbrary of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data lectures, but also the version presented in this book. We~terrmnn, Claus. What does the Old Testament say about God’? Friedemann W. Golka University of Exeter, Devon, U. K. “13xxd 011 the Sprunt lectures delivered . at ~!nim ‘l‘h~~~l~gical Seminary, Richmond, Virginia, May 1978 from J;tnu:try 31 to February 3, 1977.” Ir~lude~ hlhliographical references.
    [Show full text]
  • Ezekiel Ch 25-32
    EZEKIEL 25-32: ORACLES AGAINST THE NATIONS “Then the nations will know that I am the Lord” The dawn of a new era: the end of the old world and the beginning of a new world ■ Ch. 24 is the last of the judgment oracles in the first part of the book (chs. 1-24). The opening of the prophet’s mouth (v.27) signified a turning point in Israel’s history: the old era of sin and judgment had come to an end; the new era of hope and salvation could begin. ■ Thus, the exiles would refrain from mourning not because they would be paralyzed by grief or calloused by sin, but because they would recognize the dawn of a new age – there is a ray of hope. ■ The fugitive’s announcement of the fall of the city would mark the end of the old world. It will in effect be welcome news. No more false hope of return: Jerusalem will have paid her debts; the judgment will have passed. ■ This chapter points toward Ch. 33 (in an earlier edition of Ezekiel’s prophecies, ch. 33 seems to have followed immediately after ch. 24); instead, like the exilic community, we have to wait. And in the meantime, we have chs. 25-32. Structure of Chapters 25-32 (A series of oracles against the surrounding nations) ■ 6 oracles addressed to Judah’s immediate neighbours (chs. 25-28) – Arranged in clockwise order – starting with Ammon in the Transjordan to the east, – moving south to the other Transjordan foes: Moab and Edom – Then turning west to Philistia in the southern coastal plain – Finally north to the coastal cities of Tyre (26:1-28:19) and Sidon (28:20-23) ■ A climatic 7th oracle against the traditional enemy, Egypt (chs.
    [Show full text]
  • Letter from the Chair
    Princeton NEWSLETTER OF THE DEPARTMENT OF CLASSICS Spring 2007 Letter from the ChairClassics nce again The department’s graduate students Inside this issue… I welcome continue to defy the conventional wisdom News from the Faculty ................................2 Othe op- that graduate school is an angst-ridden portunity to bring and morose phase of life. Their zest and Faculty Bookshelf .........................................5 you up to date on creativity make them a pleasure to work the department’s with. We are delighted to congratulate our Classical Studies ..........................................6 activities over the four job seekers this year, all of whom are last year—and once beginning tenure-track positions in the Senior Theses ..............................................6 fall: Eugenia Lao (Holy Cross), Jon Master again I begin by Graduate News ............................................7 thanking our edi- (Emory), Nate Powers (SUNY-Albany), and Denis Feeney, Chair tor, Marc Domingo Rob Sobak (Bowdoin). Four of our graduate Dissertations ................................................8 Gygax, and our indispensable computer sup- students have won prestigious fellowships port person, Donna Sanclemente, for mak- this year: Kellam Conover (Jacobus), Pauline Tennyson, Tithonus, and the End of the ing the Newsletter happen for the second Leven (Sibley), Jason Pedicone (Javits), and New Sappho ...........................................10 time. As a Latinist, I know that if something Susan Satterfield (Harvey). Our successes happens twice it’s part of the mos maiorum. at the undergraduate and graduate level “Images of Philology” Colloquium ............11 Our remarkable successes in under- are linked, since the faculty are dedicated graduate recruitment and teaching continue to improving their own teaching skills and Alumni News .............................................12 from last year. Compared to the normal those of the graduate students they mentor.
    [Show full text]
  • Lycurgus in Leaflets and Lectures: the Weiße Rose and Classics at Munich University, 1941–45
    Lycurgus in Leaflets and Lectures: The Weiße Rose and Classics at Munich University, 1941–45 NIKLAS HOLZBERG The main building of the university at which I used to teach is situated in the heart of Munich, and the square on which it stands—Geschwister-Scholl-Platz—is named after the two best-known members of the Weiße Rose, or “White Rose,” a small group of men and women united in their re- sistance to Hitler.1 On February 18, 1943, at about 11 am, Sophie Scholl and her brother Hans, both students at the university, were observed by the janitor in the central hall as they sent fluttering down from the upper floor the rest of the leaflets they had just set out on the steps of the main stair- case and on the windowsills. The man detained them and took them to the rector, who then arranged for them to be handed over to the Gestapo as swiftly as possible. Taken to the Gestapo’s Munich headquarters, they underwent several sessions of intensive questioning and—together with another member of their group, Christoph Probst, who was arrested on February 19—they were formally charged on February 21 with having committed “treasonable acts likely to ad- vance the enemy cause” and with conspiring to commit “high treason and demoralization of the troops.”2 On the morning of the following day, the Volksgerichtshof, its pre- siding judge Roland Freisler having journeyed from Berlin to Munich for the occasion, sentenced them to death. That same afternoon at 5pm—only four days after the first ar- rests—they were guillotined.
    [Show full text]
  • Copyright © the British Academy 1997 – All Rights Reserved Proceedings of the British Academy, 94, 319–354
    Copyright © The British Academy 1997 – all rights reserved Proceedings of the British Academy, 94, 319–354 Charles Oscar Brink 1907–1994 CHARLES OSCAR BRINK was born Karl Oskar Levy on 13 March 1907 in Charlottenburg, a town later to be incorporated within the city of Berlin. Hechangedhissurnameon31August1931andhisfirstnamesin March 1948, having been known already for some time to English friends as ‘Charles’. He died in Cambridge on 2 March 1994. Between 1963 and 1982 Brink published three large volumes on those poems by Horace which concerned poetry itself. These gained for him an authority in every active centre of Latin studies. He was engaged on an edition of Tacitus’ Dialogus de oratoribus andheldtheofficeof President of the International Commission in charge of the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae (ThLL) when he died. He wanted to be remembered above all as a Latin scholar. It should, however, also be recalled that by middle age he had won some eminence as a historian of post-Aristotelian Greek philosophy and that many credited him with having helped to move British study of ancient philosophy away from an exclusive concernwithPlatoandAristotle. Scholarship cannot claim Brink’s whole person. He played a large role in the struggles which took place over the classical curriculum in English schools and universities during the 1960s and 1970s. He was for many years an influential member of the council of an ancient Cambridge college and could fairly be regarded as one of the founding fathers of a new one. When an account comes to be written of the contribution made from 1933 onwards to Anglo-Saxon science, scholarship and cultural life q The British Academy 1997.
    [Show full text]
  • Ezekiel Week 5 the Day Has Come Chapters 6-7
    Ezekiel Week 5 The Day Has Come Chapters 6-7 Judgment for Idolatry (6) Like the ever-widening circle of ripples that come from dropping a stone into still water, Ezekiel 6 builds on the previous judgment oracle and expands it. Whereas before the prophet addressed the city of Jerusalem, the political and religious center of the land, now he is told to set his face against the mountains of all Israel. The geographical boundaries of judgment have been widened. The chapter divides into two parts, verses 2–10 and 11–14, each of which begins with a hostile gesture on the part of the prophet (“set your face,” v. 2; “strike your hands together and stamp your feet,” v. 11) and concludes with the recognition formula (“they will know that I am the Lord”). The Lord’s wrath has been aroused and he will not be ignored.1 the mountains of Israel. Phrase Ezekiel uses 16 times; used by no other prophet. Several factors are involved: (1) nostalgia for the hilly land of Israel is held in contrast to relatively flat terrain of lower Mesopotamia; (2) Ezekiel expands his scope from besieged Jerusalem (chs 3–5) to the whole land of Israel; and (3) the mountains were often centers of pagan worship (see p 526). A sequel comes in ch 36, describing Israel’s return to the mountains of Israel in a faithful age.2 Before King David established Jerusalem as the capital and before God’s ark was placed in the temple, worship of the true God at other locations had been allowed (1 Samuel 9:14; 1 Kings 3:4).
    [Show full text]
  • Foster~Volume 1
    Bratich z Amassing the Multitude 1 1 The Multivalence of the Term “Original Text” in New Testament Textual Criticism Eldon Jay Epp Introduction ne hundred and ninety-one years ago, in 1808, Johann Leonhard Hug’s Introduction to the New Testament carried statements that, in part, may Ostrike textual critics as being far ahead of their time. Hug laments the loss of all the original manuscripts of the New Testament writings “so import- ant to the church” and wonders: “How shall we explain this singular fact?” Next, he observes that Paul and others employed secretaries, but Hug views the closing salutation, written in the author’s own hand, as “sufficient to give them the value of originals.” Then, referring to the further role that scribes and correctors must have played after such a Christian writing had been dictated by its author, he says: Let us now suppose, as it is very natural to do, that the same librarius [copyist] who was employed to make this copy, made copies likewise for opulent individuals and other churches – and there was no original at all, or there were perhaps ten or more [originals] of which none could claim superiority.1 A writing with no original? Or, with ten originals? And proposed by a scholar at the outset of the nineteenth century? Later Hug asserts that “the New Testament has had the peculiar fate of suffering more by intentional alterations than the Source: Harvard Theological Review, 92(3) (1999): 245–281. 2 New Testament Studies works of profane literature . and the heretics, to whom it would perhaps be attributed, had no share in it.”2 What he is saying by both assertions is that, because “strange things had happened in individual mss, even at this early period”3 (that is, before the mid-third century).
    [Show full text]