Name: MULENGA WILLARD Subject: Veterinary Diseases Of Food Animals And General Pathology Date of submission: 24/12/2020 Lecturer: World Class Education Question: Give the history of veterinary Diseases of Food Animals And General Pathology. Page 1 Table of contents Page INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................3 Veterinary pathologists ....................................................................................3 Veterinary anatomical pathology: .....................................,.............................................3 Disease................................................................................................................4 Direct Contact .................................................................................................4 Indirect Contact................................................................................................4 Droplet Contact................................................................................................4 Airborne Transmission......................................................................................4 Fecal-Oral Transmission....................................................................................5 Vector-Borne Transmission...............................................................................5 Zoonotic Diseases............................................................................................5 Immunity..............................................................................................................5 Passive Immunity ............................................................................................5 Active Immunity ..............................................................................................5 Veterinary medicine....................................................................................6 History.................................................................................................................6 Premodern era .................................................................................................8 Establishment of profession.............................................................................9 Veterinary workers............................................................................................10 Veterinary physicians......................................................................................10 Para veterinary workers..................................................................................11 Allied professions...........................................................................................11 Veterinary research.........................................................................................11 Clinical veterinary research..............................................................................12 Animal science...............................................................................................12 Education...........................................................................................................12 Bachelor degree.............................................................................................13 Pre-veterinary emphasis..................................................................................13 CONCLUSION: ..................................................................................................13 References: ......................................................................................................15 Page 2 VETERINARY DISEASES OF FOOD ANIMALS AND GENERAL PATHOLOGY INTRODUCTION In the first edition they established its role of the diseases of traditional farm animals in the Western world, those being cattle, horses, sheep, pigs, and goats. The primary objective was to offer the veterinary student and the practitioner the knowledge and information necessary to provide animal health man-agement for farm animals. Although the intent has not changed, the context of veterinary medicine and large- animal practice has changed markedly in the 56 years since publication of the first edition. Veterinary pathologists are veterinarians who specialize in the diagnosis of diseases through the examination of animal tissue and body fluids. Like medical pathology, veterinary pathology is divided into two branches, anatomical pathology and clinical pathology. Other than the diagnosis of disease in food-producing animals, companion animals, zoo animals and wildlife, veterinary pathologists also have an important role in drug discovery and safety as well as scientific research. Veterinary anatomical pathology: Anatomical pathology (Commonwealth) or Anatomic pathology which is concerned with the diagnosis of disease based on the gross examination, microscopic, and molecular examination of organs, tissues, and whole bodies (necropsy). In some countries like Indian, European, Japanese and American Colleges of Veterinary Pathologists certify veterinary pathologists through a certifying exam. In some College of Veterinary Pathologist certification exam consists of four parts - gross pathology, microscopic pathology, veterinary pathology, and general pathology. Only the general pathology section is shared between the anatomic and clinical pathology examinations. Anatomic Page 3 pathologists are employed in a number of different positions, including diagnostics, teaching, research, and the pharmaceutical industry. Disease • Is a disorder or incorrect function of an organ, structure or system of an animal’s body. The disease Is transmitted from infected animals to susceptible animals through the following methods: such as direct contact as well as indirect contact and droplet contact also airborne transmission and fecal-oral transmission not only that vector- borne transmission. Direct Contact • Occurs when an infected animal has direct contact with a susceptible animal Examples include: touching an infected animal and sexual contact also contact with oral secretions as well as contact with body lesions. Indirect Contact • Occurs when an animal comes in contact with a contaminated surface • Examples include: sharing feed or water bowls with infected animals as well as touching other contaminated surfaces. Droplet Contact • The droplet contact it occurs when droplets containing microorganisms come in contact with the eyes, nose or mouth. For Examples include: infected animals coughing or sneezing onto susceptible animals. Airborne Transmission. • It occurs when droplets are evaporated or dust particles which contain microorganisms are in the air for Examples include: animals ingesting or breathing in microorganisms into their respiratory tract. Page 4 Fecal-Oral Transmission. • Occurs when microorganisms enter the body through ingestion of contaminated food or water. Examples include: animals eating contaminated food or water. Vector-Borne Transmission • However vector born transmission occurs when vectors, animals or insects, transfer the disease to other susceptible animals• For examples include: flies, mites and ticks transfer disease through biting susceptible animals and rats spread disease through feces which are then accidentally ingested by susceptible animals. Zoonotic Diseases • This try of disease can be passed between animals and humans which can be caused by viruses, as well as bacteria, also parasites and fungi not only that this Disease are transmitted by coming in contact with body fluids, being bitten by a tick or mosquito or eating or drinking something unsafe. Immunity • Therefore immunity Is an animal’s ability to protect and defend their body from infection, disease or other unwanted or foreign organisms and objects as well as Includes the following processes: passive immunity and active immunity Passive Immunity • Is an immunity which occurs due to the injection of antibodies from outside the body to fight an infection or disease this Is short term and not permanent Active Immunity • Furthermore, Active immunity Is an immunity in which the animal’s body produces its own antibodies to fight of infection or disease this is long term and permanent. Page 5 Veterinary medicine: Is the branch of medicine that deals with the prevention, control, diagnosis, and treatment of disease, disorder, and injury in animals. Along with this, it also deals with animal rearing, husbandry, breeding, research on nutrition and product development. The scope of veterinary medicine is wide, covering all animal species, both domesticated and wild, with a wide range of conditions which can affect different species.Veterinary medicine is widely practiced, both with and without professional supervision. Professional care is most often led by a veterinary physician (also known as a vet, veterinary surgeon or veterinarian), but also by para veterinary workers such as veterinary nurses or technicians. This can be augmented by other paraprofessionals with specific specialisms such as animal physiotherapy or dentistry, and species relevant roles such as farriers. Veterinary science helps human health through the monitoring and control of zoonotic disease (infectious disease transmitted from non-human animals to humans), food safety, and indirectly through human applications from basic medical research. They also help to maintain food supply through livestock health monitoring and treatment, and mental health by keeping pets healthy and long-living. Veterinary scientists often collaborate