Hommages Posthumes François Vallerand

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Hommages Posthumes François Vallerand Document generated on 10/01/2021 6:15 a.m. Séquences La revue de cinéma Hommages posthumes François Vallerand Number 174, September–October 1994 URI: https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/49815ac See table of contents Publisher(s) La revue Séquences Inc. ISSN 0037-2412 (print) 1923-5100 (digital) Explore this journal Cite this article Vallerand, F. (1994). Hommages posthumes. Séquences, (174), 56–58. Tous droits réservés © La revue Séquences Inc., 1994 This document is protected by copyright law. Use of the services of Érudit (including reproduction) is subject to its terms and conditions, which can be viewed online. https://apropos.erudit.org/en/users/policy-on-use/ This article is disseminated and preserved by Érudit. Érudit is a non-profit inter-university consortium of the Université de Montréal, Université Laval, and the Université du Québec à Montréal. Its mission is to promote and disseminate research. https://www.erudit.org/en/ HOMMAGES posthumes m, rmmwBmmm mm. wwitn l était sans conteste l'un des son temps libre à jouer en amateur RENRÏ MANCINI musiciens de cinéma les plus de la flûte dans la fanfare locale, Iconnus et les plus célèbres. The Sons of Italy. Mancini se remé­ raouan Henry Mancini, qui est mort au morera avec affection cette époque début de l'été le 14 juin à l'âge de heureuse en composant la musique 70 ans, après une longue lutte avec du What Did You Do in the War, un cancer du pancréas, avait accu­ Daddy? de Blake Edwards dont l'ac­ mulé au cours de sa longue carrière tion raconte les pantalonnades de popularité et gloire grâce à des soldats américains en Italie durant pièces devenues des .«classiques» la guerre. Féru de musique, et sen­ de la musique populaire améri­ tant des talents chez son jeune fils, caine. Des titres comme Moon le père Mancini le force donc à River, Charade et le très célèbre apprendre le piccolo et la flûte dès thème de La Panthère rose sont le l'âge de huit ans et l'inscrit à de témoin de ses dons mélodiques et nombreux cours de musique. Le demeurent l'expression nostalgique compositeur avouera plus tard de l'époque insouciante et soi- n'avoir vraiment pris goût à la mu­ disant heureuse des années 60 qui a sique qu'après avoir découvert, vu leur naissance. On l'a oublié grâce à Max Adkins, l'arrangeur- aujourd'hui, mais Henry Mancini chef d'orchestre du théâtre Stanley fut le premier musicien de cinéma à de Pittsburgh avec qui il étudie, devenir une véritable vedette à part toutes les possibilités et les richesses entière. Comme preuve, on fit en de l'orchestration et de l'arrange­ HENRY MANCINI 1963 la promotion du film Charade ment. En 1942, il entre à l'école de Stanley Donen avec le slogan: Juilliard à sa sortie du high school LS, VOLUMh «Le lieu... Paris! Le film... génial! La mais il ne tarde pas à se voir recruté musique... Mancini!» dans les forces armées l'année suivante. Démobilisé en 1945, Un rude apprentissage Mancini se joint comme pianiste- Né le 16 avril 1924 à Aliquippa arrangeur à l'orchestre de Glenn (Pennsylvanie) dans une famille Miller qu'a repris Tex Beneke qui a d'immigrants italiens originaires des succédé au célèbre chef d'orchestre Abruzzes, Enrico Mancini sera très après la tragique disparition du roi vite initié à la musique par son père. du swing. C'est là qu'il fait la con­ Celui-ci, ouvrier des hauts fourneaux naissance de Ginny O'Connor, une sidérurgiques de la région, utilise des chanteuses de l'ensemble, qui 56 Séquences compositeurs Ernst Krenek et Mario petite formation instrumentale, une Castelnuovo Tedesco. douzaine de musiciens tout au plus. Le milieu nocturne beatnik dans Une collaboration remarquable lequel évolue l'élégant détective En 1958 cependant, l'ère des privé, des boîtes de jazz et des grands services musicaux de studio «coffee-houses», en vogue à l'épo­ tire à sa fin. Mancini sait qu'il sera que sur la côte ouest américaine où congédié sous peu quand il travaille se déroule l'action, dicte le style de avec Orson Welles sur ce qu'on a la musique. Sans le vouloir, Mancini appelé par la suite le meilleur des déclenche dans le monde de la films de série B, Touch of Evil. L'ap­ musique de film une révolution proche musicale peu convention­ stylistique dont il ne pouvait prévoir nelle de ce film génial, où la musi­ ni l'ampleur, ni les conséquences. que procède littéralement de l'ac­ Le jazz avait déjà été utilisé avec tion scénique en accentuant par son bonheur au cinéma auparavant, une côté volontairement vulgaire et po­ première fois par Alex North en pulaire la décrépitude d'une petite 1951 dans A Streetcar Named ville frontière et la corruption de Desire d'Elia Kazan, puis par Elmer son shérif, attire l'attention de Blake Bernstein dans The Man with the Edwards qui est alors à la recherche Golden Arm (1955) d'Otto Premin­ deviendra sa femme. C'est elle qui d'un musicien pour la série télé- ger. D'autres musiciens comme lui fait aborder la musique de film Franz Waxman dans Crime in the quand, en 1951, il réalise les arran­ Streets de Don Siegel, Leith Stevens gements d'un film à la Universal où the music from dans The Wild One ou Leonard elle a été engagée avec son groupe. Rosenman dans Rebel Without a Joseph Gershenson, le directeur du Cause avaient certes utilisé des Service de la musique du studio, PETER formes jazzistiques, mais ces expé­ impressionné par le travail du jeune riences avaient été épisodiques et Mancini, lui propose alors un con­ sans lendemain. L'approche de trat d'engagement au sein de son GUNN Mancini diffère des précédentes: à équipe. Mancini rejoint alors les cause du nombre réduit d'instru­ musiciens-maison Frank Skinner, mentistes mis à sa disposition, il Hans J. Salter, Herman Stein, dont il doit innover au niveau de l'orches­ deviendra l'assistant, un peu tration et il réalise des combinaisons rornira^ti arid conducted by comme homme à tout faire. Durant originales pour l'époque. Il insiste sept ans, jusqu'en 1958, Mancini HENRY MANCINI aussi pour modifier les techniques apprendra son métier de musicien d'enregistrement en vigueur en met­ de cinéma en travaillant sur plus tant l'accent sur des prises de son d'une centaine de films comme individuelles des divers groupes arrangeur, orchestrateur, composi­ d'instruments solistes. Cette nou­ teur ou en confectionnant des tra­ LIVING STEREO fc r velle façon de concevoir et de réa­ mes sonores à partir de musique liser l'illustration musicale des films tirée de la musicothèque du studio. ques consacrés à deux géants de visée Peter Gunn qu'il prépare pour allait à l'encontre de tout ce qui Il passera allègrement, au gré des l'ère du swing, The Glenn Miller le réseau NBC. En fait, Edwards et s'était fait jusqu'alors dans ce productions qu'on lui assigne, sou­ Story et The Benny Goodman Story. Mancini se connaissent depuis quel­ domaine. Mais elle allait dès lors vent sans être cité au générique, Henry Mancini ne regrettera jamais que temps déjà par l'entremise de s'imposer et devenir la règle, à la d'une comédie d'Abbott et Costello ces années de formation, et il ira Ginny. Le jeune scénariste vient en grande surprise de Mancini lui- ou de Francis la Mule qui parle à jusqu'à déplorer plus tard qu'on ne effet d'aborder la réalisation et, bien même qui déplora par la suite les une série B de science-fiction ou puisse plus donner aujourd'hui une que son nom n'apparaisse pas au nombreux abus qu'elle entraîna. d'épouvante comme Tarantula, It telle expérience aux musiciens qui générique, Mancini a œuvré sur la Pendant trois ans, Peter Gunn et sa Came From Outer Space ou The se destinent à l'art complexe de la musique de Mister Cory (1957), musique allaient connaître un suc­ Creature From Black Lagoon, à musique de film. «J'ai utilisé tous This Happy Feeling (1958) et Ope­ cès sans précédent que confirme moins que ce ne soit sur une comé­ les clichés du métier, avouera-t-il, et ration Petticoat (1959). Peter Gunn bientôt la vente des deux disques die musicale pour «teenagers» je les ai ensuite éliminés de mon allait lancer les carrières du cinéaste que Mancini réalise chez RCA Vic­ comme Summer Love ou Rock système!» D'ailleurs, durant toute et du musicien. La faiblesse des tor. Cette série inaugure de plus Pretty Baby. On utilise à profit son cette période, il poursuit de moyens de production oblige le l'une des plus remarquables et uni­ expertise sur deux films biographi- sérieuses études musicales avec les compositeur à opter pour une très ques collaborations entre un cinéas- No 174 — Septembre/octobre 1994 57 te et un musicien. Blake Edwards et tique, les partitions de White Dawn, il était, malgré une solide formation nait dans la salle à dîner toute une Henry Mancini travailleront ensem­ The Molly Maguires, The Ha- classique, l'un des plus importants série de disques 78 tours qu'il pos­ ble jusqu'à la mort du compositeur, waiians, et celles surtout de Life- musiciens populaires grecs. Son sédait. Outre la découverte de la soit pendant 36 ans et sur 27 films! force et The Glass Menagerie pour implication avec le cinéma remonte musique, je lui dois aussi celle du On retrouve dans cette immense fil­ comprendre qu'Henry Mancini au début des années 50 au cours cinéma.
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