VALUES OF RELIGIOUS MODERATION IN ANSOR YOUTH MOVEMENTIN PEKALONGAN DISTRICT

Aris Priyanto IAIN Pekalongan [email protected]

ABSTRAK Moderasi beragama menjadi salah satu bagian terpenting dalam Gerakan Pemuda (GP) Ansor. GP Ansor selalu mengajarkan tentang tawasuth, tawazun, ta’adul dantasamuh sebagai landasan dalam gerakan organisasi kepemudaan dan keagamaan ini. Keempat hal tersebut menjadi salah satu pondasi kebangsaan bagi para kader GP Ansor untuk senantiasa menjaga perbedaan antara pemeluk agama demi menjaga kedaulatan Negara Kesatuan Republik (NKRI). Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian kualitatif yang berusaha menjelaskan tentang praktek moderasi beragama yang terjadi pada kader GP Ansor di Kabupaten Pekalongan dengan memakai metode metasintesis. Metode ini mengidentifikasi, mengevalusasi dan menginterpretasikan terhadap perilaku moderasi beragama yang terjadi pada kader GP Ansor. Melalui metode tersebut ditemukan tentang berbagai nilai-nilai moderasi beragama dalam hal; (1) Kesadaran beragama secara moderat, (2) Sikap toleransi antar pemeluk agama, (3) Pentingnya rasa cinta tanah air (4) Pemahaman beragama secara kaffah (sempurna). Kata kunci: Nilai-nilai moderasi beragama, Ansor

ABSTRACT Religious moderation is one of the most important parts of the Ansor Youth Movement (GP Ansor). GP Ansoralways teaches about tawasuth, tawazun, ta'adul and tasamuh as foundation in youth and religious organization movement.These four things are national foundations for the GP Ansor’s cadres to care and maintain differences among religions in order to protect the sovereignty of the Unitary State Republic of Indonesia (NKRI). This research is a qualitative research which attempts to explain the practice of religious moderation that occurs in GP Ansor’s cadres in Pekalongan by using the metasynthesis method.This method identifies, evaluates and interprets religious moderation behavior that occurs in GP Ansor cadres.Through this method, various values ​ ​ of religious moderation were found in terms; (1) Moderate religious awareness, (2) Tolerance among religions, (3) The importance of love for the country (4) Kaffah (perfect) understanding of religion. Keywords: Values of religious moderation, Ansor

23 INTRODUCTION modern religious context which The Ansor Youth Movement or cannot be denied. Modern society is commonly known as GP Ansor is a very fanatical, intolerant, and youth and religious organization that exclusive to be the cause of the birth has cadres scattered throughout of religious radicalism. Moreover, the Indonesia and even throughout the phenomenon of life in Indonesia is world. The cadres of GP Ansor come always associated by religious from various backgrounds They are radicalism, which is getting stronger from alumnus of Islamic Boarding now at the level of action and Schools, academics, political understanding of religious issues. practitioners, entrepreneurs, laborers, Often in the community, there are acts and so on. This organization was born of violence committed by a group of in Banyuwangi on April 24, 1934. people who always act in the name of The role and contribution of GP religion (Dwijayanto, 2019). It makes Ansor for this nation has been GP Ansor try to instill the values numerous and cannot be doubted. ​ ​ of religious moderation in the Many cadres are always loyal, ready community. According to GP Ansor, and sincere to protect the sovereignty religious moderation includes the and integrity of the Republic of moderate attitude of cadres in Indonesia with all their power and responding to various problems, even efforts. GP Ansor was born through the characteristics of in the existence of a basic spirit of responding to all problems.GP nationalism, struggle, epics of Ansor's view on moderation is an heroism and a liberation. GP Ansor important side in the effort to identify since the beginning of its birth has and fight radicalism movements that had religious spirit, spirit of are developing in society (Ahmad nationalism, populism, and youth Subakir, 2020). pioneering post-oath of youth The moderate attitude carried (Nu.or.id, 2021). out by GP Ansor cannot be separated The presence of youth from the existence of Indonesian organization is one of the youth Islam which always provides organizations that tries to stem the alternatives to various problems

24 related to radicalism through dialogue training on instilling moderate and world peace.Indonesian Islam is religious values ​ ​ for the nation's expected to become a rahmatal lil young generation (Dwijayanto, 2019). 'alamin Islam that always supports the Second, a research/learning creation of a society that is advanced, entitled "Islamic Moderation peaceful, just, safe, sovereign and Movement in Early Detection prosperous (Mahfud et al., 2018). It Perspective: A Study of the Ansor has led GP Ansor instill a moderate Youth Movement in City ". attitude always prioritizing the values This research explains the existence ​ ​ of religious moderation so that of GP Ansor, who always performs all levels of society can enter into it. early detection and fights against Of course this is what makes the radicalism movements in Kediri. This existence of GP Ansor in maintaining research also explains that GP Ansor Islamic brotherhood and world peace is able to make public facilities and increasingly favored by the people. crowded places as a medium for There are several learning spreading the Islamic idea of related to the research entitled Ahlussunnah Wal Jama'ah An "Values ​ ​ of Religious Moderation Nahdliyah.In addition, GP Ansor has in the Ansor Youth Movement in become a youth organization that is " are able to ward off the spread of numerous.First, Arik Dwijayanto's radicalism with recitation in various research entitled "The Role of the modern learning places and periodic Multipurpose Ansor Front () in studies through the media "Kopi Counteracting Religious Radicalism Cengkir". in Indonesia". It explains that Banser Third, Nur Syam and Nawawi's has a big role to always maintain research entitled public order and security, monitor and progressing as the basis for Islamic study various individual or group moderation in Indonesia. They movements that always spread radical explain the existence of NU and ideas that have been circulating in in making an real life and through social media. So extraordinary contribution to the there is needed education and practice and understanding of religion

25 in Indonesia. NU, through Islamic correctly. Jihad is not an act which Nusantara ideas, and Muhammadiyah teaches violence in the name of progressive Islam, present religious religion. However, jihad is an effort practices and understandings by made by someone who is studying friendly to each other, and working to fulfill his family, accommodating to local wisdom, and tolerance, accepting, pluralism, and cooperative with the existence of the I’tidal, being inclusive, and behaving state. Moreover, NU succeeded rationally(Masnur, 2017). bringing people to understand the Previous studies have generally relationship between Islamic made moderation limited to solutions teachings, NKRI, Pancasila, and to various issues of radicalism by Bhinneka Tunggal Ika. Meanwhile, name of religion. However, in this Muhammadiyah succeeded making study, the author tries to explain and people put Islam elegantly by provide a new discourse, that progress and development of the era. religious moderation actually Nusantara Islam is an Islam that provides values ​ ​ of religious always friendly and actively behavior properly, correctly, and participates in national and kaffah (perfect). The values ​ ​ of international political problems. It has religious moderation emerge from the sensitivity to contemporary issues gradual and continuous efforts made related to human rights (HAM), by GP Ansor in instilling religious caliphate, gender, and becomes a moderation in the community, counter-discourse against especially the cadres of GP Ansor. fundamentalism, terrorism, and METHODS radicalism (Nur Syam, 2019). This research is a qualitative Fourth, the research entitled research that describes the behavior of "Study of the Implementation of religious moderation carried out by Moderate Islamic Education in GP Ansor cadres in Pekalongan Preventing the Threat of Radicalism Regency using the metasynthetic in Sungai Penuh City". This research method. This method seeks to identify, contains about the importance to evaluate and interpret the behavior of understand the meaning of jihad religious moderation carried out by

26 GP Ansor cadres. Some of the data daily life. Through their social life, found in the field were collected, they will understand that the religious identified, studied and analyzed so as problems that occur in Pekalongan to be able to interpret the behavior of include social problems that require religious moderation carried out by solutions and alternatives. Thus, the GP Ansor cadres in Pekalongan various problems that occur in society Regency. are appropriate for them to actively participate in providing alternatives DISCUSSION and solutions that are able to get them Moderate Religious Behavior of GP out of their individual shackles. Ansor Cadres in Pekalongan The cadres are expected to be Regency role models (examples) for all By nature, humans are creatures elements of society to practicing that have double dimensions. So that religious teachings in a moderately in humans are actually a spiritual and manner. In Latin, moderation comes physical dimension that always from the word moderation, which supports their religious quality means moderation (not excessive and (Raharjo, 2012). It is also the basis for not deficient). Moderation means self- the cadres of GP Ansor do their control (from being very excessive religion in moderation. The behavior and feeling insufficient).Whereas in of moderate religious will create a life Arabic, moderation is known as the that is safe, peaceful, just, sovereign word wasath or wasathiyah, which and prosperous. Because it is a has the equivalent meaning of the provision for cadres of GP Ansor in words tawasuth (being in the middle), creating nuances of Islam is rahmatan i'tidal (fair), and tawazun lil 'alamin everywhere. (balanced).People who apply the The awareness of the above wasathiyah principle are called behavior, including the form of their wasiths. Wasathiyah in Arabic means sensitivity to humanitarian problems "the best choice". Moderation and religious issues, cannot be includes a person's attitude and separated from the fact that they are actions in taking a middle ground actually creatures who always live when faced with various extreme socially in an effort to fulfill their

27 choices (Fitriyana et al., 2020). The tolerant. This is evidenced by the existence of this meaning cannot be freedom to practice Islamic teaching separated from the fact that in accordance with the faith and moderation in Islam is expected to be schools of thought that are followed. able to answer various problems in GP Ansor always acts fairly, religion and global civilization. upright and puts everything in its Wasathiyah Islamiyah always tries to place as a form of their ta'adul in appreciate every element of understanding religious moderation. insaniyyah (humanity), rabbaniyyah This potential is also suitable with the (divinity), combining maddiyyah existence of a mediocre and impartial (materialism) and ruhiyyah attitude (tawasuth) towards one group (spiritualism), combining revelation /group for personal/group interests. In (revelation), and reason (reason), addition, GP Ansor is always between individual maslahah (al- balanced and in tune (tawazun) in fardiyyah) and maslahah ammah (al- matters of the world and the hereafter, jamāiyyah) (Rahayu & Lesmana, between private and public interests, 2019). between the interests of his or her Religious moderation is the group and non-group. So that symbol and motto of GP Ansor's religious moderation for Ansor cadres moderation in carrying out Islamic is a necessity that they must realize in teaching and serving this nation.This social and national life for the moderate attitude is manifested in the creation of unity and integrity of the tasamuh attitude that is often carried Republic of Indonesia. out by GP Ansor cadres when Universal Tolerance of GP Ansor followers of other religions practice Cadres in Pekalongan Regency worship and commemorate religious Tolerance is an option that must holidays other than Islam. This sense be implemented by the cadres of GP of tolerance (tasamuh) has made GP Ansor in Pekalongan district. The Ansor increasingly exist in the midst existence of tolerance becomes a of society. Even with fellow Muslims moderate standard which is expected who have different beliefs and to provide more or less acceptable schools of thought, GP Ansor is very value. Tolerance is initially seen as a

28 deviation that must be made. department of education development However, in its development, and regeneration, department of tolerance becomes a deviation that economic empowerment, department can be justified (Rahayu & Lesmana, of information, science and 2019).Although tolerance means it, technology and strategic studies, the tolerance of GP Ansor’s cadres is department of the environment, and expected not only to be limited to department of sports and culture religious issues, but tolerance in all (Fahmi, 2021). fields including in the fields of The department of religion and science, humanity, education and ideology in GP Ansor has the health. responsibility of developing the The role of the Ansor GP cadres operational concept of the must really be able to make the Ahlussunnah wal jama'ah ideology in students of NU and Ansor proud the social, political and economic through their activeness in organizing. dimensions. This department also So that the cadres' pride in Ansor and maintains cooperation with religious NU does not one-sidedly applaud the and ideological groups that develop in students (Sholahuddin, 2021). So they society. Meanwhile, the advocacy and must be able to totally contribute their community empowerment department thoughts, energy, time and everything is tasked with formulating modules they have to serve in Ansor. The and community assistance, carrying totality of the cadres in serving their out advocacy and community idols can be seen from their various assistance programs, carrying out activities in activities that are Ansoran social analysis studies and public or in the form of social policies, building outward and inward activities.Activities of an Ansoran networks with elements of youth, nature are usually associated with community organizations, political several departments in the Ansor parties, and government in the GP.Some of the departments Ansor framework of defending the interests GP include; department of religion of society. and ideology, department of advocacy The potential of GP Ansor and community empowerment, cadres are also inseparable from the

29 existence of the education and by starting and managing a unit or regeneration department which business entity for the GP Ansor always formulates organizational Branch Manager. This department concepts and rules as the elaboration also always conducts pilot of PD/PRT, in accordance with the development projects for demands of organizational entrepreneurial cadres who always development. It creates a draft for the coordinate with related institutions management's working mechanism in and agencies for the sake of economic drafting various provisions of the empowerment. In fact, this organization, administration, department always conducts skills attributes, etc, to be disseminated at training for cadres that lead to the sub-branch, sub-branch and increased entrepreneurial skills and branch levels. Through this ethos. These efforts were made so that department, data on the potential of the Ansor GP cadres in Pekalongan the GP Ansor organization in district truly have economic Pekalongan Regency can be traced. independence (Prasetyo, 2021). This department in conducting GP Ansor's movement in education and regeneration always building universal tolerance is also compiles training and regeneration facilitated by the existence of an modules and coordinates with cadres environmental department which resource development institutions always tries to explore the potential through leadership, organizational resources in the environment.Of and management training, advocacy Ansor’s members this department and other training and training (Hadi even participates actively in Sofwan, 2021). maintaining, controlling and GP Ansor is an organization supervising public policies related to that always invites its cadres to be the environment. The existence of this able to do economic independence. department always creates a This effort is supported by the conducive situation for the dynamic department of economic development of arts and culture and is empowerment which is always the hallmark of an art and culture. oriented towards empowering cadres

30 Various activities are carried country both in words, actions and in out by the GP Ansor’s cadres also their hearts. This hope is a clear proof documented in the public that they are truly citizens or people professionally managed by the who love their nation. information, science and technology Nationalism is a particular form department and strategic studies. This of racial equality that a person has strategic study is also related to reason. He feels one homeland or studies and research related to even because of the similarity in the political, social and economic issues. economy that strives for mutual The role of GP Ansor in guarding this aspirations. The most important thing public policy cannot be separated in nationalism is the similarity in from the closeness of GP Ansor to the language and history (Rusli, 2014). community. The community feels The other hand the meaning of facilitated and accompanied by the nationalism is the basis and existence of GP Ansor who always foundation for the cadres of GP Ansor contributes and benefits the to always be loyal to love the nation community regardless of ethnicity, and this country. The cadres' love for race, class, religion and social status. this nation and country must be implanted in the heart and be realized Nationalism Cadre of GP Ansor, in words and deeds. Moreover, the Pekalongan Regency love for the homeland carried out by The loves for the homeland of cadres is part of faith. Rasulullah the GP Ansor’s cadres are often SAW once said: expressed in the various slogans that ُح بّ ال نَ نَ نَ نِ نَ ال يْما نِ .always appear in every Ansor activity Some of these slogans include "Love for the motherland is part of Pancasila Jaya, NKRI Dead Price, faith". Our Archipelago. The slogan was The potential for love for the instilled from an early age in the country that grows and develops in Ansor GP cadres from the time of the hearts of the cadres will bring out cadre to post-cadre. It was done so an action and deed which is a that the cadres would truly have the manifestation of their faith. The spirit of nationalism and love for the nationalism of the cadres were also

31 introduced when they attended Basic GP Ansor cadres lies in their loyalty Leadership Training (PKD) when to jointly freeing themselves from the they were ready to become ties and domination of social and administrators and leaders in GP political power that disturbs the Ansor PKD, they were introduced to sovereignty of the Republic of Love the Fatherland, Defend the Indonesia. Because the meaning of Nation, Unity and Unity, NKRI Price the struggle for nationalism is to Mati, and Unity in Diversity(Pratin break away from previous forms of Nurdian Safira, 2014).In addition, ties to political and social power such their spirit of nationalism has also as ethnicity, kings, city states, been introduced when they take Basic feudalism, and dynastic kingdoms, Training Education (Diklatsar) as a which makes them willing to condition to become a member of surrender their supreme loyalty to the Banser. The cadres which introduce nation state, which in the end can nationalism are carried out by provide a sense of security, peace, instilling Pancasila values ​ ​ which prosperity and safety (Fatkhan, 2018). are directed at cadres so that they In the end, the nationalism of always assume that the interests and the GP Ansor cadres were more safety of the nation and state are more focused on mutual helping each other important than the safety and interests and cooperate all of humans without of individuals or groups. expecting rewards and feedback. They will also realize that they cannot The cadres's nationalistic spirit make ends meet without a social will be more significant for nations relationship with the surrounding and states better than personal and environment. The spirit of groups. It is proven that they are nationalism they have will enable willing to sacrifice for the sake of the them to become cadres who mobilize, nation and state through their active carry, implement and safeguard service in the organization. Thus, the various social programs (Amin Nur, sense of togetherness, desire, respect, 2021).That way, the potential of the loyalty, and love for the country has GP Ansor cadre can be an truly been ingrained in their hearts. intermediary for the creation of social The meaning of the nationalism of the

32 life that always prioritizes the values always carry out religious teachings ​ ​ of nationality, religion, unity and out of a sense of servitude to Allah integrity as well as diversity. the Almighty and has power over this universe. These actions include the The totality of the cadres of GP part of their da'wah to introduce the Ansor in Pekalongan Regency to teachings of Islam rahmatan lil Understanding the Teachings of 'alamin as well as moderate religious Islam practice. Moreover, the da'wah is Understanding religious taught by Walisongo in the teachings properly and correctly will archipelago is da'wah which always result in kaffah (perfect) religious carried out slowly and not blindly.It is behavior. Religious behavior that is line with the strategic da'wah theory kaffah (perfect) will form a religious taught by Al-Ghazali in changing a personality and character that can culture or community tradition that is avoid radicalism and intolerance. The contrary to Islamic teachings(Huda, GP Ansor cadres have a high 2018). awareness of the importance to The culture or tradition of understanding religious teachings in religious behavior that is still far from accordance with the guidelines and good and correct character education rules established by Islamic law. needs a long time to be able to change Because religion is basically a it. Because in shaping a community person's world experience of deity character requires a proper process so accompanied by faith and worship. So that people can understand and that religion becomes an expression implement what they really have to of the ultimate attitude of the universe, do(Amin Maizun, 2021).Basically, the meaning and purpose of all society is a group of people who have awareness of everything (Raharjo, a tendency to seek divine values. This 2012). divine value cannot be separated from The religious characteristics of the nature of humans who are the GP Ansor’s cadres are realized in spiritual and physical beings. As their participation in building spiritual beings, humans need religious moderation in the something spiritual as a form of effort neighborhood where they live. They

33 to reach their spiritual dimension. GP Ansor. in 87th anniversary, GP Meanwhile, as physical beings, Ansor took the theme humans need some material in their "Transformation of the Juang Media". life. Moreover, humans have a It is certainly different from the tendency to always do good in previous theme, which was simply accordance with divine values "Transformation of Cadres". The ​ ​ that can lead them to true transformation of the fighting media goodness and perfection (Tamami, means that the cadres of GP Ansor 2011). must continue the struggle of the The religious understanding ulama and fighters for the carried out by GP Ansor’s cadres independence of this nation. Because must always provide benefits to they have fought for this freedom people's life. Because GP Ansor’s with their soul, body, property and cadres must really be able to bring even life. It is fitting for the cadres of goodness and happiness to people's GP Ansor in Pekalongan Regency to life. So that the role of GP Ansor’s have a fighting spirit like that of the cadres in building a religious and scholars and fighters of this nation (M. meaningful society can be realized in Mukhsinuddin, 2021). However, it Pekalongan Regency. Moreover, the needs to be understood that the role of the GP Ansor’s cadres in the current struggle is not taking up arms, community until now has clearly but together fighting to protect the taken a form. Therefore, the GP sovereignty of the Republic of Ansor’s cadres must have more Indonesia, radicalism, intolerance and character to understanding Islamic various understandings that can teachings (Sholahuddin, 2021). divide the unity of this country. So, Because those who are able to the GP Ansor’s cadres must be provide intercession for them are the enthusiastic in preaching to the public scholars. So they must be serious and about the importance of earnest in understanding the teachings understanding Islamic teachings of Islam. correctly and the importance of a Noble morals must be deeply nationalist attitude for all Indonesian ingrained in the hearts of the cadres of people.

34 Regarding this phenomenon, in realizing the spirit of nationalism the cadres of GP Ansor in preaching of the cadres. Because most of them must be flexible and slow so that they have a spirit of nationalism are easily accepted by the community. accompanied by a good and correct Say something in accordance with the understanding of religion. They existing reality. When something that always apply moderate behavior in happens is true, then say it is true to their lives for the sake of creating those who have the right. Conversely, peace, security, happiness, unity and if something that exists is wrong, then integrity, and the sovereignty of this say that it is wrong. In addition, the nation. So they try to create a GP Ansor cadres must be able to peaceful and comfortable atmosphere understand that the nature attached to in the midst of society by always Muslims is not a reflection of keeping tawasut, tawazun, ta'adul and themselves from Muslims(Sabilal tasamuh, through preaching flexibly Rosyad, 2021).However, it is a and slowly. They cannot be separated reflection of a person acting on behalf from their good and kaffah (perfect) of Islam. So Ansor cadres should understanding of their religion and the have good character and corridors. As spirit of nationalism that has been they must respect and appreciate the ingrained in their hearts. practice of religious teachings that REFERENCES occur in society. So it takes the spirit Ahmad Subakir, A. K. M. (2020). to practice Islamic teachings as it Gerakan Moderasi Islam dalam should be, such as when the call to Perspektif Deteksi Dini : Studi Gerakan Pemuda Ansor Kota Kediri, prayer directly to the mosque, and not Journal IAITribakti, 31, 187–201. delaying the time for prayer. When it Amin Maizun. (2021). Ketua Majelis is implemented, the GP Ansor’s Dzikir dan Sholawat GP Ansor cadres will have a religious spirit like Kabupaten Pekalongan. GP Ansor. Amin Nur. (2021). Kasatkorcab their predecessors who always Banser Kabupaten Pekalongan. GP worship properly. Ansor.

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