Studi Identifikasi Kearifan Lokal Dalam Penyelenggaraan Penanggulangan Bencana Di Eks Karesidenan Pekalongan

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Studi Identifikasi Kearifan Lokal Dalam Penyelenggaraan Penanggulangan Bencana Di Eks Karesidenan Pekalongan PEMERINTAH PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH SEKRETARIAT BADAN PENANGGULANGAN BENCANA DAERAH Jl. Imam Bonjol No. 1 F Telp. 024 – 3519904 (Hunting), Fax 024 – 3519186 Kode Pos 50141 email : [email protected] Semarang STUDI IDENTIFIKASI KEARIFAN LOKAL DALAM PENYELENGGARAAN PENANGGULANGAN BENCANA DI EKS KARESIDENAN PEKALONGAN LAPORAN AKHIR TAHUN 2014 Bencana alam dapat terjadi secara tiba-tiba maupun melalui proses yang berlangsung secara perlahan. Beberapa jenis bencana seperti gempa bumi, hampir tidak mungkin diperkirakan secara akurat kapan, dimana akan terjadi dan besaran kekuatannya. Sedangkan beberapa bencana lainnya seperti banjir, tanah longsor, kekeringan, letusan gunung api, tsunami, dan anomali cuaca masih dapat diramalkan sebelumnya. Meskipun demikian kejadian bencana selalu memberikan dampak kejutan dan menimbulkan banyak kerugian baik jiwa maupun materi. Kejutan tersebut terjadi karena kurangnya kewaspadaan dan kesiapan dalam menghadapi ancaman bahaya. Wilayah eks karesidenan Pekalongan yang terdiri dari Kota Pekalongan, Kabupaten Pekalongan, Kabupaten batang, Kabupaten Pemalang, Kota Tegal, Kabupaten Tegal dan Kabupaten Brebes merupakan wilayah di Jawa Tengah yang mengalami beragam bencana. Mengingat wilayah tersebut terdiri dari Gunung,pegunungan perbukitan dan pesisir. Pegunungan atau lereng Gunung Slamet yaitu di wilayah Kabupaten Pemalang, Kabupaten Tegal dan Brebes, pesisir yaitu diwilayah Pekalongan, Kota Pekalongan, Kabupaten Batang, sebagian pemalang, brebes dan Kota Tegal. Berdasarkan kondisi topografi dapat dilihat jenis bencana yang mungkin terjadi di wilayah tersebut yaitu longsor dan angin puting di wilayah pegunungan dan perbukitan, Ancaman Gunung Berapi Slamet,dan wilayah pesisir bencana yang dominan terjadi adalah banjir dan rob Berbagai cara yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat sebagai upaya untuk menghadapi bencana melalui berbagai kegiatan agar selamat dan dapat memenuhi kebutuhan di masa depan dalam berbagai unsur kehidupan. Setiap wilayah atau daerah tentunya berbeda dalam upaya tersebut karena tergantung pada lokalitas wilayah atau daerahnya sehingga kemampuan masyarakat lokal tersebut yang ada secara turun – temurun dinamakan kearifan lokal. Beranjak dari hal tersebut di atas maka, Studi Identifikasi Kearifan Lokal dalam Penyelenggaraan Penanggulangan Bencana di Eks Karesidenan Pekalongan perlu dilakukan sebagai pengembangan upaya penanggulangan bencana berbasis masyarakat. Pada tahapan LAPORAN AKHIR ini berisikan karakteristik kearifan lokal di Eks Karesidenan Pekalongan dan kearifan lokal berbasis mitigasi bencana di Eks Karesidenan Pekalongan, sehingga dihasilkan hasil kajian yang sesuai dengan harapan. Akhir kata penyusun mengucapkan terima kasih. Tim Penyusun HALAMAN JUDUL KATA PENGANTAR DAFTAR ISI DAFTAR TABEL DAFTAR GAMBAR BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.1 Latar belakang .......................................................................................................................... I - 1 1.2 Permasalahan .......................................................................................................................... I - 2 1.3 Maksud dan Tujuan Kegiatan ............................................................................................... I - 5 1.4 Luaran kegiatan ...................................................................................................................... I - 5 1.5 Ruang Lingkup Kegiatan ...................................................................................................... I - 5 BAB II KAJIAN LITERATUR 2.1 Konsep Bencana ...................................................................................................................... II - 1 2.2 Penanggulangan Bencana ...................................................................................................... II - 4 2.3 Mitigasi Bencana ..................................................................................................................... II - 9 2.4 Potensi Lokal Wisdom Dalam Mitigasi Bencana ............................................................... II - 9 2.5 Makna Kearifan Lokal ............................................................................................................ II - 11 2.6 Ruang Lingkup Kearifan Lokal ............................................................................................ II - 12 2.7 Fungsi Kearifan Lokal ............................................................................................................ II - 16 2.8 Kebudayaan Jawa ................................................................................................................... II - 17 2.9 Kearifan Lokal Bagian Budaya Jawa .................................................................................... II - 18 2.10 Hermeneutika Geomorfologis mengenai Kearifan Lokal untuk Adaptasi Masyarakat Terhadap Ancaman Bencana Marin ..................................................................................... II - 19 2.11 Kearifan Lokal di Lingkungan Masyarakat Jawa Sebagai Bagian Dari Pelestarian Lingkungan ............................................................................................................................... II - 21 BAB III GAMBARAN UMUM WILAYAH EKS KARESIDENAN PEKALONGAN 3.1 Kondisi Umum ........................................................................................................................ III - 1 3.1.1 Kondisi Geografis ......................................................................................................... III - 1 3.1.2 Kondisi Kependudukan .............................................................................................. III - 2 3.1.3 Kondisi Ekonomi ........................................................................................................... III - 3 3.2 Sejarah Terbentuknya Wilayah Eks Karesidenan Pekalongan.......................................... III - 9 3.3 Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah Eks Karesidenan Pekalongan ............................................ III - 15 3.3.1 Sistem Perkotaan ........................................................................................................... III - 15 3.3.2 Daerah Rawan Bencana ................................................................................................ III - 24 BAB IV METODOLOGI 4.1 Umum ...................................................................................................................................... IV - 1 4.2 Alur Pikir ................................................................................................................................ IV - 1 4.3 Metode Analisis dan Tahapan Pelaksanaan ....................................................................... IV - 3 4.4 Kebutuhan Data ...................................................................................................................... IV - 7 BAB V INVENTARISASI KEARIFAN LOKAL EKS KARESIDENAN PEKALONGAN 5.1 Kearifan Lokal Masyarakat Jawa Secara Umum ................................................................ V - 1 5.2 Kearifan Lokal Eks Karesidenan Pekalongan Secara Khusus .......................................... V - 19 BAB VI KEARIFAN LOKAL DALAM PENANGGULANGAN BENCANA EKS KARESIDENAN PEKALONGAN 6.1 Umum ....................................................................................................................................... VI - 1 6.2 Kearifan Lokal Penanggulangan Bencana Masyarakat Pulau Jawa .............................. VI - 1 6.3 Kearifan Lokal Eks Karesidenan Pekalongan Secara Khusus ........................................... VI - 4 BAB VII REKOMENDASI 7.1 Rekomendasi Kearifan Lokal terhadap Penanggulangan Bencana di Eks Karesidenan Pekalongan ............................................................................................................................... VII - 1 DAFTAR PUSTAKA Tabel 3.1 Luas wilayah Kabupaten/Kota di Karesidenan Pekalongan .................................... III – 2 Tabel 3.2 Jumlah Penduduk dan Kepadatan Penduduk Eks Karesidenan Pekalongan ....... III – 3 Tabel 3.3 Realisasi Penerimaan Daerah Kabupaten/Kota di Karesidenan Pekalongan ........ III – 7 Tabel 3.4 PAD Kabupaten/Kota di Karesidenan Pekalongan 2010-2012 (juta rupiah) ........ III – 8 Tabel 3.5 PDRB menurut harga konstan Kabupaten/Kota di Karesidenan Pekalongan ...... III – 8 Tabel 3.6 Sistem Perkotaan Kabupaten/Kota di Karesidenan Pekalongan ............................. III – 15 Tabel 3.7 Daerah Rawan Bencana Kabupaten/Kota di Karesidenan Pekalongan ................. III – 24 Tabel 3.8 Rekapitulasi Data Kejadian Bencana Kab/Kota Eks Karesidenan Pekalongan ..... III - 29 Tabel 4.1 Kebutuhan, sumber, dan kegunaan data ..................................................................... IV – 7 Tabel 5.1 Tanda Bencana alam menurut masyarakat Jawa ........................................................ V – 8 Tabel 6.1 Tanda Bencana alam menurut masyarakat Jawa ........................................................ VI – 2 Gambar 2.1 Pengelolaan risiko bencana ....................................................................................... II – 3 Gambar 2.2 Bagan penanggulangan bencana ............................................................................. II – 5 Gambar 2.3 Kerangka kerja pengurangan risiko bencana ......................................................... II – 8 Gambar 2.4 Kelembagaan penanganan bencana ........................................................................ II – 8 Gambar 3.1 Wilayah Administrasi Karesidenan
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