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Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Study for Building Climate Resilience of Limpopo Basin in Mozambique

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Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Study for Building Climate Resilience of Limpopo Basin in Mozambique República de Moçambique Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Study for Building Climate Resilience of Limpopo Basin in Mozambique Quarries and Transport of Material To: Administração Regional de Águas do Sul (ARA-Sul), Mozambique August 2018 À: Administração Regional de Águas do Sul (ARA-Sul), Moçambique www.smec.com TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 1 2. METHODOLOGY ..................................................................................................................... 2 2.1 IDENTIFICATION OF SUITABLE QUARRIES ......................................................................... 2 2.2 CRITERIA USED TO IDENTIFY TRANSPORT ROUTE ALTERNATIVES FROM THE QUARRIES TO THE RAILWAY STATIONS .......................................................................................................................... 2 3. QUARRIES AND TRANSPORT ROUTE ALTERNATIVES ................................................................ 4 3.1 BOANE ............................................................................................................................... 4 3.1.1 SELECTED QUARRY IN BOANE ................................................................................................. 5 3.1.2 BOANE RAILWAY STATION ................................................................................................ 6 3.1.3 POTENTIAL NEGATIVE IMPACT TO SENSITIVE RECEPTORS ............................................... 9 3.1.4 PREFERRED OPTIONS ...................................................................................................... 10 3.2 MOAMBA .................................................................................................................................. 11 3.2.1 SELECTED QUARRY IN MOAMBA ........................................................................................... 12 3.2.2 MOAMBA RAILWAY STATION ........................................................................................ 12 3.2.3 ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT ROUTES BETWEEN MOAMBA QUARRY AND MOAMBA RAILWAY STATION 13 3.2.4 POTENTIAL NEGATIVE IMPACTS TO POTENTIAL SENSITIVE RECEPTORS ........................ 15 3.2.5 PREFERRED OPTIONS ...................................................................................................... 16 3.3 MABALANE ............................................................................................................................... 17 3.3.1 SELECTED QUARRY IN MABALANE .................................................................................. 17 3.3.2 MABALANE RAILWAY STATION ....................................................................................... 18 3.3.3 PROPOSED TRANSPORT ROUTES BETWEEN MABALANE QUARRY AND MABALANE RAILWAY STATION 18 3.3.4 POTENTIAL NEGATIVE IMPACTS TO SENSITIVE RECEPTORS ........................................... 19 3.3.5 IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION ........................................................................ 21 3.3.6 RESETTLEMENT ............................................................................................................... 21 4. CONSULTATION WITH KEY STAKEHOLDERS ........................................................................... 23 ESIA for Building Climate Resilience of Limpopo Basin in Mozambique: Quarries and Transport; Rev.2; August 2018 ii TABLE OF FIGURES Figure 1 Selected quarry in Boane ................................................................................................. 5 Figure 2 Alternatives 1,2,3,4,&5 .................................................................................................... 7 Figure 3 Alternatives 1,2&3 ........................................................................................................... 8 Figure 4 Alternatives 4 & 5 ............................................................................................................ 9 Figure 5 Transport alternatives 1,2,3 & 4 and sensitive receptors ................................................. 10 Figure 6 Selected quarry in Moamba ........................................................................................... 12 Figure 7 Moamba- Transport alternatives 1, 2, 3 & 4 .................................................................... 13 Figure 8 Moamba station and holding areas ................................................................................ 15 Figure 9 Alternatives 1, 2, 3 & 4 and sensitive receptors .............................................................. 16 Figure 10 Selected quarry in Mabalane ........................................................................................ 18 Figure 11 Mabalane station and holding area .............................................................................. 19 Figure 12 Alternative 1 and sensitive receptors ........................................................................... 20 ESIA for Building Climate Resilience of Limpopo Basin in Mozambique: Quarries and Transport; Rev.2; August 2018 iii LIST OF TABLES Table 1 Total Number of trucks travels by day for the transport from the quarry to the railway station 2 Table 2 Boane Population Density .......................................................................................... 4 Table 3 Population Density of Moamba ................................................................................ 11 Table 4 Population Density of Mabalane ............................................................................... 17 Table 5 Summary of preferred alternatives, infrastructure needs and potential main impacts 20 Table 6 Main activities and impacts ...................................................................................... 21 ESIA for Building Climate Resilience of Limpopo Basin in Mozambique: Quarries and Transport; Rev.2; August 2018 iv 1. INTRODUCTION This report intends to present the result of the analysis of alternative routes for the transport of rock material from the selected quarries to the Mapai Dam site. The analysis is based on the results of the work carried out by COBA under Sub-Component II.A - Feasibility Study of the Technical-Economic Analysis of the Dams - and following the decision taken after the EPDA phase to discard, the initial proposal which involved developing a quarry in the Limpopo National Park and postpone further geotechnical analysis to develop a quarry in Pafuri. Discarding the alternative of a quarry in Limpopo National Park was mainly attributed to: a) to the Limpopo National Park’s legal protection status making it impossible to carry out geotechnical investigations inside the core area of the park required to better evaluate the quality and quantity of the rock material; b) Objections made by ANAC (Limpopo National Park’s authority) and MITADER. The potential quarry in Pafuri would be located in the Limpopo National Park’s buffer zone which would an increase the level of demand in that area. Given that it was not possible to carry out sufficient studies to enable its evaluation during the feasibility study, this alternative remains a possibility, if required for use of the Contractor or other interested parties, providing that all licensing requirements are followed. As part of the sub-Component II.A - Dam Feasibility Study, feasible alternatives were evaluated in the Boane, Moamba and Mabalane quarries that proved to be adequate to supply material to the project. The evaluation of quarries included geological and geotechnical surveys for the characterization of the rock materials required to build the dam. The transportation of material from the selected quarries in Boane, Moamba and Mabalane via road and nearby railways was considered as the best forms of transportation and continued to be studied by COBA. A series of alternatives were analysed for road transport routes to the railway, and the ones with the greatest technical, economic, social and environmental advantages were selected. Thus, to validate the alternatives proposed in the feasibility study, this report reviews the advantages and disadvantages associated with each alternative and carries out an evaluation of the impacts of the proposed alternatives with respect to sensitive environmental and social receptors in these areas, proposing measures to minimize these impacts. The most significant social impacts that may occur involve the resettlement of housing and commercial infrastructures. The preliminary survey and identification of the sites that may be affected is discussed in this report, In the case of the Boane, the need for resettlement as a result of the proposed routes, depends on the confirmation of the National Railway Authority (Caminhos de Ferro de Moçambique -CFM) allowing the loading of the wagons near their quarry. Consultation with key interested and affected parties was undertaken to assist the process of identifying feasible alternatives with reduced environmental and social impacts on existing sensitive receptors. ESIA for Building Climate Resilience of Limpopo Basin in Mozambique: Quarries and Transport; Rev.2; August 2018 1 2. METHODOLOGY 2.1 Identification of suitable quarries The Feasibility study identified the rock material as the main materials for the construction of the dam. This material was considered for the construction of filters for drainage, rip-rap, foundation (stone columns) and aggregates for concrete. From the evaluation of the geological-geotechnical characteristics
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