Brazil and China in Mozambican Agriculture

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Brazil and China in Mozambican Agriculture 3 Chichava IDSB44.4.qxd 18/06/2013 14:46 Page 101 Brazil and China in Mozambican Agriculture: Emerging Insights from View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE the Field provided by IDS OpenDocs Sérgio Chichava, Jimena Duran, Lídia Cabral, Alex Shankland, Lila Buckley, Tang Lixia and Zhang Yue Abstract Mozambique, a country undergoing rapid transformations driven by the recent discovery of mineral resources, is one of the top destinations for Chinese and Brazilian cooperation and investment in Africa. This article provides an account of the policies, narratives, operational modalities and underlying motivations of Brazilian and Chinese development cooperation in Mozambique. It is particularly interested in understanding how the engagements are perceived and talked about, what drives them and what formal and informal relations are emerging at the level of particular exchanges. The article draws on three cases (1) ProSavana, Brazil’s current flagship programme in Mozambique, which aims to transform the country’s savanna, spreading along the Nacala corridor, drawing on Brazil’s own experience in the Cerrado; (2) the Chinese Agricultural Technology Demonstration Centre (ATDC); and (3) a private Chinese rice investment project in the Xai-Xai irrigation scheme, which builds on a technical cooperation initiative. Commonalities and differences between the Brazilian and Chinese approaches are discussed. 1 Introduction Rosário (2012) emphasises instead the political Since Mozambique’s independence in 1975, motivations underlying agricultural governance, official policy discourse has unremittingly arguing that private interests and electoral represented agriculture as the backbone of the objectives have been key drivers of policy economy. The sector is the main source of decisions that have failed to produce livelihoods for about 80 per cent of the active developmental outcomes for the majority of the population and its contribution to Gross rural population. Despite some success stories, Domestic Product (GDP) (23 per cent in 2010) mostly in cash crop sectors (such as sugar, cashew remains significant (MINAG 2010a: 4), despite nuts, tobacco and horticulture), the dominant the rapid expansion of the mining and energy smallholder sector remains poor, vulnerable and sectors. Yet the country’s enormous agricultural dependent on subsidised inputs from the state. potential remains largely untapped. Of its 36 million hectares of arable land, distributed After the end of the civil war in 1992, across ten different agro-ecological zones, only Mozambique quickly become flooded with 10 per cent are farmed and only 50,000 hectares development assistance and eventually emerged, are currently irrigated, 60 per cent of which are towards the end of the 1990s, as one of Africa’s in sugar cane plantations (MINAG 2010a: 4). largest most aid-dependent countries. Agriculture has traditionally been one of the The devastating effects of civil war, the poor largest aid-receiving sectors and the sector was infrastructural base, low productivity levels, for several years supported by a pool-fund vulnerability to extreme weather events, limited mechanism aimed to build the institutional investment and weak institutional capacity are capacity of the agricultural ministry and improve amongst the factors frequently offered as aid coordination in a highly donor-populated explanations for disappointing performance. sector. Recently, donor coordination initiatives IDS Bulletin Volume 44 Number 4 July 2013 © 2013 The Authors. IDS Bulletin © 2013 Institute of Development Studies Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford OX4 2DQ, UK and 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148, USA 101 3 Chichava IDSB44.4.qxd 18/06/2013 14:46 Page 102 have become somewhat discredited, due to Brazilian Cooperation Agency (ABC) of a failure to show tangible results on the ground, a Maputo-based coordinator post to oversee all less positive attitude towards foreign aid by the agriculture-related projects in the country, a current government leadership, and the pilot initiative for Brazilian cooperation more emergence of alternative development generally. Mozambique also hosts the largest cooperation partners, such as China and Brazil. number of researchers from the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa) in The first two parts of the article describe the Africa and the corporation has also appointed a emerging engagements between Mozambique general coordinator based in the country to and Brazil and China in the agriculture sector. oversee Embrapa-led projects. Embrapa is hosted Next the article analyses policy discourses, by the Mozambican Institute for Agrarian imaginaries of agriculture and development and Research (IIAM), an institution under the the interests of actors and networks playing out Ministry of Agriculture (MINAG) and Brazil’s in such encounters. The article draws on main Mozambican counterpart for agriculture- empirical material collected through participant related projects. observation and key informant interviews undertaken between 2011 and 2012.1 A number of patterns are noticeable. First is the diversity of institutions involved. Unsurprisingly, 2 Brazil in Mozambique Embrapa is the dominant Brazilian cooperating Mozambique occupies a prominent position in institution, with several of its research units Africa–Brazil relations, which stems from a involved in project implementation. Others have combination of historical affinities, common recently joined the agricultural cooperation language, diplomatic bonds and, increasingly, domain, including government agencies, such as business opportunities (Cabral et al., this IDS the Ministry of Agrarian Development (MDA), Bulletin). It is the top beneficiary of Brazilian the Ministry of Social Development (MDS), and technical cooperation programmes in Africa the General Secretariat of the Presidency, as well (Cabral et al., this IDS Bulletin). At the end of as Brazilian social movements, such as the 2011, Brazil’s technical cooperation portfolio in Popular Peasant Movement and the Peasant Mozambique comprised 21 active projects, with Women’s Movement, each with different nine new projects in the process of negotiation.2 objectives and visions. Agriculture, education and health are the main areas of focus, taking the number of active Second is the move from one-off training projects as the measurement criteria (ABC 2010). initiatives towards programmes with a longer timeframe and a more systemic approach to Apart from technical cooperation, Mozambique capacity building, the so-called ‘structural is also an increasingly important destination for cooperation’ programmes. The largest of this Brazilian private capital, particularly in mining type at the moment in agriculture is ProSavana, and construction. Vale, the second largest mining a programme that has been subject to much company in the world, has a coal mining attention and controversy. concession at Moatize, Tete Province, and has recently been the focus of attention due to a Third is the transfer into Africa of Brazil’s own controversial population relocation away from agricultural policies, or elements of those policies. the mining site. Camargo Correa, Odebrecht ProSavana, More Food Africa and the Food and Andrade Gutierrez also have significant Acquisition programme are all examples of presences. Brazil’s National Economic and Social cooperation programmes aiming to reproduce Development Bank has been playing a central Brazil’s own policy experiments with agricultural role in expanding Brazilian businesses and development, for which claims of domestic success promoting Brazilian exports in Africa (CINDES have been made (Cabral et al., this IDS Bulletin). 2011). Trade between Brazil and Mozambique has, as a result, been displaying an increasingly Fourth is the establishment of triangular upward trend.3 cooperation arrangements, whereby Brazil partners with traditional donors in providing The importance of Mozambique for Brazilian cooperation to Mozambique. The Japanese cooperation is shown by the creation by the Development Cooperation Agency (JICA) and 102 Chichava et al. Brazil and China in Mozambican Agriculture: Emerging Insights from the Field 3 Chichava IDSB44.4.qxd 18/06/2013 14:46 Page 103 Figure 1 ProSavana in Mozambique Montepuez Lichinga Lilongwe Mandimba Cuamba Nacala Meconta Ribaue Monapo Mecanhelas Nampula Gurue Mumupula Alto Molocue Source Bias (2012). the United States Agency for International an example of ‘Brazil’s neo-colonialism in Africa’ Development (USAID) are thus far Brazil’s main (Rafael 2011) and of how Mozambique is set to trilateral cooperation partners for agricultural become ‘Brazil’s new agricultural frontier’ (Folha projects. The UN’s World Food Programme de São Paulo 2011). ProSavana is expected to (WFP) and Food and Agriculture Organization cover 14 million hectares of land along the (FAO) are also expected to be working with Nacala corridor, an area spreading across three Brazil in the multi-country Food Acquisition provinces of northern Mozambique (Niassa, programme. In addition to creating a platform Nampula and Zambézia), to reshape the region’s for synergies in technical expertise, trilateral economic landscape and transform it into a cooperation also allows Brazilian technical highly productive region addressing food security cooperation to be complemented by financial issues (Figure 1). cooperation provided by traditional donors. ProSavana is inspired by the
Recommended publications
  • Assessment of Soil Loss to Vulnerability in the Boane District in Mozambique
    DOI: 10.14393/SN-v32-2020-46916 Received: 06 February 2019|Accepted: 06 February 2020 Assessment of soil loss to vulnerability in the Boane District in Mozambique Euclides Délio Matule1 Lucrêncio Silvestre Macarringue1,2 Keywords Abstract Boane The soil lost vulnerability study of the landscape units constitutes one of the Stability mechanisms for the design of sustainable land use and cover and natural Geoprocessing resources. Therefore, this research aimed to evaluate the soil loss vulnerability Soil Loss in the Boane district in 2018. The materials used included OLI Landsat 8 and ASTER GDTM V2 images, through which we generated land use and cover and slope maps respectively, soils, lithology, and precipitation databases available in CENACARTA. This data was processed in a GIS environment. The results showed that 53.3% of the district had median stability, 34.7% moderately vulnerable, 11.4% moderately stable, 0.6% stable and 0% vulnerable. These results indicate a favorable situation, but not comfortable at the short term, due to the accelerated rhythm of urbanization and its consequences to the environment that is seen in the last decades, joined to the lack or non- implementation of the main planning plans, that can change this situation in short term. 1Instituto de Formação em Administração de Terras e Cartografia, Matola, Moçambique. [email protected] 2Universidade Estadual de Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil. [email protected] Soc. Nat. | Uberlândia, MG | v.32 | p.211-221 | 2020 | ISSN 1982-4513 211 MATULE; MACARRINGUE Assessment of Soil Loss Vulnerability in Boane District in Mozambique INTRODUCTION Crepani, et al. (1996). The scale of the vulnerability of basic To analyse a landscape unit, it is necessary to territorial units, from their morphodynamic know its genesis, physical constitution, form characterization, is made according to criteria and stage of evolution, as well as the type of developed from the principles of Tricart's vegetation cover that develops on it.
    [Show full text]
  • 2021-Sadc-Success-Stories.Pdf
    SUCCESS STORIES SADC Mozambique | Volume 2, 2021 Contents SADC – a story of 4 22 TB in mines community – health solutions Working towards Health solutions to settle a Foreword 6 a common future century of gold dust 24 Better seed enables – by the President of the better lives Republic of Mozambique 4 22 Mozambique’s role in the 8 26 Moamba Major Dam – birth of SADC storing an essential life force Promoting Regional 10 28 Food security under the Integration microscope A look at growth corridors Overcoming the as powerful economic water shortage challenge enablers Integration boosts 12 30 World-class Zimpeto agricultural production National Stadium Transport corridors that 14 14 26 32 Ending link the road ahead child marriage Maputo-Katembe Bridge 18 34 Youth generation – Record-breaking inspiring projects suspension Opening up “free trade” Changing lives shape a better future and tourism one-by-one Power to the 20 people 18 32 2 SADC Success Stories - Mozambique SADC Success Stories - Mozambique 3 A story of community... Towards a From the beginning of time, the principles of Ubuntu have guided African societies. Best described as an African philosophy rooted in a deep awareness of: “I am because of who we all are”; the spirit of Ubuntu resonates in every fibre of SADCs existence – past and present. It is this intrinsic force that calls upon the countries and people of Southern Africa to develop COMMON FUTURE a vision of a shared future, a future within a regional community. And so began the origin of the Southern African Development Community (SADC); founded as the Southern African Development Coordination Conference (SADCC) in 1980.
    [Show full text]
  • Mozambique Weekly Report Is Currently Being Distributed to Over 25 Embassies, 36 Non-Governmental Organisations and 428 Businesses and Individuals in Mozambique
    WEEKLY MEDIA REVIEW: 10 JULY TO 17 JULY 2015 www.rhula.net President Nyusi on working visit to Portugal (see page 38 for more). Rhula Intelligent Solutions is a Private Risk Management Company servicing multinational companies, non-governmental organisations and private clients operating in Mozambique. The Rhula Mozambique Weekly Report is currently being distributed to over 25 embassies, 36 non-governmental organisations and 428 businesses and individuals in Mozambique. For additional information or services please contact: Joe van der Walt David Barske Operations Director Operations Specialist Mobile (SA): +27 79 516 8710 Mobile (SA): +27 76 691 8934 Mobile (Moz): +258 826 780 038 Fax: +27 86 620 8389 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Disclaimer: The information contained in this report is intended to provide general information on a particular subject or subjects. While all reasonable steps are taken to ensure the accuracy and the integrity of information and date transmitted electronically and to preserve the confidentiality thereof, no liability or responsibility whatsoever is accepted by us should information or date for whatever reason or cause be corrupted or fail to reach its intended destination. It is not an exhaustive document on such subject(s), nor does it create a business or professional services relationship. The information contained herein is not intended to constitute professional advice or services. The material discussed is meant to provide general information, and should not be acted on without obtaining professional advice appropriately tailored to your individual needs. Your use of this document and the information it contains is at your own risk OBJECTIVE KEY PERSONS Offering seamless solutions for asset protection Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Directory of Institutions Working on Gender, Biodiversity and Local Knowledge in Mozambique
    Gender, Biodiversity and Local Knowledge Systems (LinKS) to Strengthen Agricultural and Rural Development (GCP/RAF/338/NOR) Directory of Institutions working on Gender, Biodiversity and Local Knowledge in Mozambique LinKS Project Working Document No. 3 REVIEW VERSION September 2003 Developed by the Arquivo do Património Cultural (ARPAC), the National Directorate of Rural Development (Former INDER) of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development and updated by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO) PREPARED BY: NOTE TO THE READER: This is a working document that will be regularly revised and updated. Your additions, comments and suggestions are most welcome. Please contact us at one of the following addresses: Gender, Biodiversity and Local Knowledge Systems (LinKS) to Strengthen Mr. Estêvão J. Filimão Agricultural and Rural Development (GCP/RAF/338/NOR) National Coordinator Gender, Biodiversity and Local Knowledge Systems (LinKS) Project c/o FAO Representation for Mozambique and Swaziland Rua António Bocarro, 202, Caixa Postal 1928, Maputo Funded by the Government of Norway Fax: +258-1-491431 E-mail: [email protected] Gender and Development Service Sustainable Development Department Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) Viale delle Terme di Caracalla 00100 Rome, Italy Fax: +39-06-57052004 Email: [email protected] Web: INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW FOR UPDATE VERSION IN 2003 security. The project is executed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO) and funded by the Government of Norway. The purpose of this document is to provide development workers, researchers, policymakers and other interested parties with updated information about In essence, the project is about linkage.
    [Show full text]
  • An Assessment of the Distribution and Conservation Status of Endemic and Near Endemic Plant Species in Maputaland
    AN ASSESSMENT OF THE DISTRIBUTION AND CONSERVATION STATUS OF ENDEMIC AND NEAR ENDEMIC PLANT SPECIES IN MAPUTALAND Hermenegildo Alfredo Matimele Supervised by: Domitilla Raimondo, Timm Hoffman, Jonathan Timberlake, Mervyn Lötter and John Burrows Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Science in Conservation Biology Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology University of Cape Town Rondebosch, 7701 South Africa February 2016 I PLAGIARISM DECLARATION I know that plagiarism is wrong and declare that all documents that contributed to this study have been cited and referenced. I have used the Journal of Conservation Biology as the convention for citation and referencing. Signed: Date: 15 January 2016 II ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am sincerely grateful to all the following people who directly or indirectly contributed significantly to the success of this project. Firstly, are my supervisors: Domitilla Raimondo, for assisting me to access funding, and aiding with assessing the conservation status of the study plants; Timm Hoffman, for being a very easy going person, available at any time I needed assistance, and encouraging me through his expertise to overcome difficulties; Mervyn Lotter, for expert assistance in species distribution modeling, and in manipulating GIS for all analysis needed; John and Sandie Burrows for botanical assistance including access to their home library and herbarium, as well as the extra care when I stayed on their property; and finally to Jonathan Timberlake, for his company
    [Show full text]
  • World Bank Document
    The World Bank Report No: ISR16913 Implementation Status & Results Mozambique National Decentralized Planning and Finance Program (P107311) Operation Name: National Decentralized Planning and Finance Program Project Stage: Implementation Seq.No: 9 Status: ARCHIVED Archive Date: 01-Dec-2014 (P107311) Public Disclosure Authorized Country: Mozambique Approval FY: 2010 Product Line:IBRD/IDA Region: AFRICA Lending Instrument: Technical Assistance Loan Implementing Agency(ies): Key Dates Public Disclosure Copy Board Approval Date 30-Mar-2010 Original Closing Date 30-Jun-2015 Planned Mid Term Review Date 30-Jun-2013 Last Archived ISR Date 12-Jul-2014 Effectiveness Date 30-Aug-2010 Revised Closing Date 30-Jun-2015 Actual Mid Term Review Date 18-Sep-2013 Project Development Objectives Project Development Objective (from Project Appraisal Document) The Project Development Objective is to improve the capacity of local government to manage public financial resources for district development in a participatory and transparent manner. Has the Project Development Objective been changed since Board Approval of the Project? Public Disclosure Authorized Yes No Component(s) Component Name Component Cost Improving National Systems 3.20 Strengthening Participatory Planning and Budgeting 10.40 Enhancing Management and Implementation Capacity 9.20 Strengthening Oversight and Accountability 0.30 Knowledge Management 0.40 Effective Project Management and Coordination 3.90 Non-Common-Fund Activities 0.00 Public Disclosure Authorized Overall Ratings Previous Rating
    [Show full text]
  • Women and Drought in Southern Mozambique: More Responsailities, Less Power and Increased Vulnerabilities
    WOMEN AND DROUGHT IN SOUTHERN MOZAMBIQUE: MORE RESPONSAILITIES, LESS POWER AND INCREASED VULNERABILITIES A study in Funhalouro, Panda, Chicualacuala, Chigubo, Magude and Moamba Maputo December 2016 Table of Contents List of abbreviations and acronyms ......................................................................................... 3 Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................... 4 Recommendations .................................................................................................................................... 6 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 9 2. Methodology and limitations ............................................................................................... 12 Desk Review ............................................................................................................................................ 13 Populations covered by the study .................................................................................................... 13 Data collection ........................................................................................................................................ 14 Easing factors and constrains ............................................................................................................ 16 3. Research findings ...................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • PPP ECD Programming
    PPP ECD programming CA AID-656-A-16-00002 (GDA ECD Programming) Fiscal Year 2018 Year 3: April 2018–March 2019 Quarterly Report: Q4 January– March 2019 Submitted on: April 30, 2019 Submitted to: United States Agency for International Development Cooperative Agreement No. AID-656-A-16-00002 Submitted by: PATH Street address: 2201 Westlake Avenue, Suite 200 Seattle, WA 98121, USA Mailing address: PO Box 900922, Seattle, WA 98109, USA Tel: 206.285.3500; Fax: 206.285.6619 www.path.org This work is made possible by the support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents of this document are the sole responsibility of PATH and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government 1 Contents Abbreviations.................................................................................................................................2 1. Overview of the reporting period .................................................................................... 3 2. Project objectives ........................................................................................................... 5 3. Results framework/Logical framework ............................................................................ 5 4. Indicators ....................................................................................................................... 7 Indicator 1 .....................................................................................................................................7
    [Show full text]
  • Smallholder Goat Production in the Namaacha and Moamba Districts of Southern Mozambique
    Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics Vol. 119 No. 2 (2018) 31–41 https://doi.org/10.17170/kobra-2018112825 ISSN: 2363-6033 (online); 1612-9830 (print) – website: www.jarts.info Smallholder goat production in the Namaacha and Moamba districts of southern Mozambique Gracinda A. Mataveia a,c,∗, Carmen M. L. P. Garrine b, Alberto Pondja b, Abubeker Hassen c, Carina Visser c aDepartment of Clinics, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique bDepartment of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary at University of Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique cDepartment of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa Abstract Goat rearing is one of the most common livestock farming activities in Mozambique and has the potential to play a powerful role in improving the livelihoods of resource-poor farmers. This study was conducted to investigate the status of goat husbandry practices in rural areas of southern Mozambique. Data were collected from a total of 45 smallholder goat keepers in three different villages through questionnaires complemented by interviews. Most households were dependent on crop production and livestock as their main source of income. Goats were reared under extensive systems where free grazing and tethering were the common feeding management practices with limited supplementation during the dry season. The flock sizes per household were predominantly small (13 ± 2.4) with uncontrolled breeding of goats. The goats were reared mainly as a source of meat for home consumption and a means of reserve cash income. All household members were involved in goat production but women and children had a minor role in terms of decision making.
    [Show full text]
  • Project Proposal for Moamba District Maputo Province
    ASSOCIAÇÃO NKULUNKULU COMMUNITY – BASED SUPPORT FOR ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN IN MOAMBA DISTRICT – MOZAMBIQUE PROJECT PROPOSAL FOR MOAMBA DISTRICT MAPUTO PROVINCE DURATION: 2005-2007 Submitted to: World Bank MAP Project (September 2005) CONTACT PERSON: Hilário Sitoe (cell: 823138020) Deputy President Associação Nkulunkulu Rua D, 483, Bairro 25 de Junho Maputo, Mozambique Tel: 258-1-472287 Fax: 258-1-472287 e-mail: [email protected], [email protected] 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Mozambique currently ranks 157 out of nearly 200 countries in the Human Development Index (HDI), life expectancy at birth is 39.8 years, adult literacy rate of only 43.2% and Gross Domestic Product per capita annual growth rate over the decade 1990-99 was 3.8%. The southern region of Mozambique comprising Maputo, Gaza and Inhambane provinces has an average rate of 16.5%; Maputo Province has the highest rate of 19.8%, among adults 15- 49 years. In 2002, over 101,400 children below five years and almost 1.4 million adults aged 15-49 years are estimated to be living with HIV/AIDS nationally. In 2002, an estimated 16,950 new infections would occur among children under five years and another 96,330 new infections are expected among adults 15-49 years old. HIV/AIDS has started to take its toll on a country that does not yet have enough professionals for its need. The deaths due to AIDS have created an increase in the number of maternal orphans. From approximately 528,500 orphans in 2002, the number is estimated to increase to 955,000 in five years from now, an increase of 80%.
    [Show full text]
  • ECOMOZ, Ltd. Intends to Build a Natural Gas Power Station In
    NON- TECHNICAL SUMMARY INTRODUCTION ECOMOZ, Ltd. intends to build a Natural Gas Power Station in Ressano Garcia, Moamba district of Maputo province, to supply the Southern African Energy Group (SAPP - Southern African Power Pool). Starting from an existing 110kV power line transmission of which links the Corumana substation in Mozambique to the Komatipoort substation in the South African province of Mpumalanga. The licensing of the project requires an environmental permit, preceded by the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) process regulated by Decree n. º 45/2004 of 29 September. For the purpose, Ecomoz promoted the development of an Environmental Impact Study, of which this document is the Non-Technical Summary. PROJECT DESCRIPTION The project consists of the construction of a Natural Gas Power Station, which will occupy an area of approximately 5 ha, nearby the Ressano Garcia village. At the south of this area is located the Sasol pipeline and the west Matola Gas Company (MGC) pipeline. The Station will have a set of 54 power generators (with engines and natural gas), each with a capacity of 1.1MW. It is undertaken that 50 generators shall operate simultaneously and four of which can be kept for maintenance. Thus, the total production capacity of the station will be 50MW. The energy produced in the generating units will be sent to 11/110 kV transformers, which will occupy an area of approximately e0, 5 ha. This area will be fenced and waterproofed, and will be built a septic tank for oil retention in the transformers area, that will allow to make possible spillages.
    [Show full text]
  • Salomao 17X24 Vs3.Indd
    Final Full Cover-2.pdf 1 12/05/2020 09:42:29 Alda The interest in the governance of land and other resources in developing countries has intensified over the past two Land-based Investments in Mozambique: decades in response to the increased pressures registered due to land-based investments and the negative social and Salomão Challenges in Community Rights Protection, environmental impacts often associated to them. Using the Republic of Mozambique as a case study this dissertation Participation and Benefit Sharing analyses this reality, engaging with the political struggles within this country and the consequent disempowerment of the local communities in spite of the progressive 1995 National Land Policy and 1997 Land Law. Land-based Investments in Mozambique C M Y CM MY CY CMY K Alda Salomão LAND-BASED INVESTMENTS IN MOZAMBIQUE Challenges in Community Rights Protection, Participation and Benefit Sharing Alda Salomão Alda Salomão, Utrecht University, Faculty of Geosciences, Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, International Development Studies This thesis was accomplished with support from the LANDac programme (the IS Academy on Land Governance for Equitable and Sustainable Development), the Netherlands Embassy in Mozambique, and Centro Terra Viva-Estudos e Advocacia Ambiental (CTV) in Mozambique. ISBN 9789463013024 Cover design: Alda Salomão Carthography: UU Geosciences Pictures: Alda Salomão and CTV (Chico Carneiro and Lino Manuel) © 2020 Alda Salomão. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission in writing from the proprietor.
    [Show full text]