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9065C70cfd3177958525777b The FY 1989 Annual Report of the Agency for international DevelaprnentiOHiee of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance was researched. written, and produced by Cynthia Davis, Franca Brilliant, Mario Carnilien, Faye Henderson, Waveriy Jackson, Dennis J. King, Wesley Mossburg, Joseph OYConnor.Kimberly S.C. Vasconez. and Beverly Youmans of tabai Anderson Incorparated. Arlingtot?. Virginia, under contract ntrmber QDC-0800-C-00-8753-00, Office 0%US Agency ior Foreign Disaster Enternatiorr~ai Assistance Development Message from the Director ............................................................................................................................. 6 Summary of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance .............................................................................................. 8 Retrospective Look at OFDA's 25 Years of Operations ................................................................................. 10 OFDA Emergency Response ......................................................................................................................... 15 Prior-Year (FY 1987 and 1988) and Non-Declared Disasters FV 1989 DISASTERS LUROPE Ethiopia Epidemic ................................. ............. 83 Soviet Union Accident ......................................... 20 Gabon Floods .................................... ... .................84 Soviet Union Earthquake .......................................24 Ghana Floods ....................................................... 85 Guinea Bissau Fire .............................................. 87 Bl;r AND THE PACIFIC Malawi Floods ....................................................... 88 Bangladesh Storm ............................................. 39 Mali Flcods ........................................................... 90 Burma Fire (I) .................................... ... ..................41 Mozambique Civil Strife ...................................... 91 Burma Fire (11) ....................................................... 42 Nigeria Epidemic ......................................A7 China. People's Rep.. Earthquake .........................43 Somalia Civil Strife ............................................. 99 China, People's Rep., F'.xds ................................45 South Africa Food Shortage .................................100 Indonesia Earthquake ........................................... 47 Sudan Civil StrifeIDisplaced Persons .................. 102 Indonesia Floods ...................................................48 Togo Drought .................................................... 111 Korea, Rep.. Floods .............................................. 49 Togo Epidemic .................................................. 112 Lebanon Civil Strife .............................................. 50 Uganda Drought ................................................ 113 Philippines Floods (I) ............................................ 56 West Africa Expellees ....................................... 114 Philippinas Floods (11) ......................................... 57 Philippines Typhoon (Ruby) ................................ 58 LATIN AMFRlCA a THE CARWEAf!l Philippines Typhoon (Skip) ....................................62 Argentina Emergency ...................................... 119 Sri Lanka Floods ...................................................64 Bolivia Epidemic ..................... ..........................121 Thailand Floods .................................................. 67 Caribbean Hurricane Hugo ..................................123 Wefitern Samoa Cyclones ....................................71 Costa Rica Hurricane Joan ..................................132 Haiti Civil Strife ................................................. 134 AFRlCA Peru Floods ..........................................................135 Africa & Near East Insect Infestation .....................73 Angola Displaced Persons ................................... 76 Benin Epidemic ................................................... 78 Comoros Epidemic ................................................-79 Djibouti Floods .......................................................80 U.S,mWCC World Council of Churches l9wmamm WFP World Food Program ADRA Adventist Development and Relief Agency WHO World Health Organization ARC American Red Cross CARE Cooperation for American Relief Everywhere U.S..Olcreniratlons CCF Christian Children's Fund AELCA African Emergency Locust/Grasshopper CRS Catholic Relief Services Assir:ance Project (A.I.D.) CWS Church World Service AFB Air Force Base FHI Food for the Hungry International A.I.D. Agency for International Development HKI Helen Keller International CDC Centers for Disease Control (Depart. of IRC lnternation~!Rescue Committee Health & Human Services) LWR Lutheran World Relief (U.S.) CINCPAC Commander-in-Chief Pacific (DOD) MAP Medical Assistance Programs, Intemati~nal DART Disaster Assistance Response Team MCI Mercy Corps International DLTF Desert Locust Task Force PADF Pan American Developlnent Fund DOD Department of Defense PVO Private voluntary agency FFP Food for Peace Office (A.I.D.) SCFIUS Save the Children Federati0nAJ.S. FFW Food-for-work, aid program WVRD 'Norld Vision Relief & Development FEWS A.1.D.-sponsored Famine Early Warning YMCA Young Men's Christian Association System FY Fiscal year NASA National Aeronautics and Space international Non-Governmental Oraanizations Administration CAFOD Catholic Agencies for Overseas Development NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric (U.K.) Administration SCFIUK Save the Children Fund/U.K. OFDA Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance MSF Medecins sans frontieres (Doctors Without (A.I.D.) Borders) PHs Public Health Service NGO Non-governmental organization RP Refugee Programs (U.S. Department of State) Southcorn U.S. Southern Command (DOD) USAID A.I.D. overseas Missions Internetional_Oraanirations 'JSFS U.S. Forest Service CARICOM Caribbean Community USG United States Government EC European Community USGS U.S. Geological Survey (U.S.Department ol FA0 U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization the Interior) ICRC International Committee of the Red Cross IDNDR International Decade for Natural Disaster EQQumwm Reduction CSB corn-soya blend LRCS League of Red Cross and Red Crescent CSM corn-soya milk Societies DSM dry skim milk LWF Lutheran World Federation PAHO Pan American Health Organization Qum PCDPPP Pan Caribbean Disaster Preparedness Project DP displaced persons UNDP U.N. Development Program ORS oral rehydration salts (a sugar-salt UNDRO U.N. Office of the Disaster Relief Coordinator combination for rliarrheal diseases) UNHCR U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees TDY temporary duty (w-ignment) UNICEF U.N. Children's Fund SADCC Southern Africa Development Co~rdinr~tion There can be little doubt that disaster preparedness saves pronged Prevention, Mitigation and Preparedness (PMP) lives. Before noon on Dec. 7. 1988, an eiirthquake strategy At1 increased portion of our budget will be measuring 6.9 on the Richter Scale struck Soviet devottd to funding projects that implement this strategy. I Amienia. killing at least 25,000 people according to Prevention activities are defined as actions that prevent a i official Soviet estimates. Less than one year later, an hnzard from becoming a disaster, such as flood control earthquake of similar magnitude jolted San Francisco, projects. Mitigation programs reduce the potential I California, shortly before rush hour. However. this damage that n disaster may inflict. An example is the use earthquake claimed fewer than 70 lives. In Armenia. of seismic or wind resistant building techniques in most of the victims died when their multi-story apartment constructing low cost housing. Finally, preparedness buildings cruniblcd and collapsed on them. These activities include disaster planning, public information, dwellings were not built in accordance with standard training, and pre-positioning of relief resources. earthquake engineering techniques and used substandard building materials. In contrast. in San Francisco most These PMP activities will not be effective unless there is a high rise buildings sustained relatively minor structural public andlor an institutional commitment to ensure their damage. This can be attributed to the adherence to strict success. In less developed countries, the challenge will building codes that require seismic-resistant design be to encourage governments and private enterprises to measures Furthermore, the citizens of San Francisco invest scarce resources in long term programs that may were better prepared for the disaster and knew what to do not show short term benetits. Innovative strategies will when the earthquake struck. Nothing can be done to have to be devised to promote interventions that are cost- prevent earthquakes from hitting populated areas, but the effectivc and not capital intensive. or utilize market implementation of various mitigation and preparcdness incentives to encourage their implcnientation. The measures can significantly reduce the impact of these establishment of the International Disaster Advisory disasters. Committee is an effort to promote the involvement of the pri~ate sector around the world in disaster prevention, Since becoming Director of the Office of U.S. Foreign mitrgaion, and preparedness activities. Disaster Assistance, 1 have tried to reinforce the two primary goals of OFDA: 1) to save lives and 2) to reduce In recent years an increasingly large proportion of the economic
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