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Armenian Secret and Invented Languages and Argots
Armenian Secret and Invented Languages and Argots The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Russell, James R. Forthcoming. Armenian secret and invented languages and argots. Proceedings of the Institute of Linguistics of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:9938150 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Open Access Policy Articles, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#OAP 1 ARMENIAN SECRET AND INVENTED LANGUAGES AND ARGOTS. By James R. Russell, Harvard University. Светлой памяти Карена Никитича Юзбашяна посвящается это исследование. CONTENTS: Preface 1. Secret languages and argots 2. Philosophical and hypothetical languages 3. The St. Petersburg Manuscript 4. The Argot of the Felt-Beaters 5. Appendices: 1. Description of St. Petersburg MS A 29 2. Glossary of the Ṙuštuni language 3. Glossary of the argot of the Felt-Beaters of Moks 4. Texts in the “Third Script” of MS A 29 List of Plates Bibliography PREFACE Much of the research for this article was undertaken in Armenia and Russia in June and July 2011 and was funded by a generous O’Neill grant through the Davis Center for Russian and Eurasian Studies at Harvard. For their eager assistance and boundless hospitality I am grateful to numerous friends and colleagues who made my visit pleasant and successful. For their generous assistance in Erevan and St. -
Download/Print the Study in PDF Format
GENERAL ELECTIONS IN ARMENIA 6th May 2012 European Elections monitor Republican Party led by the President of the Republic Serzh Sarkisian is the main favourite in Corinne Deloy the general elections in Armenia. On 23rd February last the Armenian authorities announced that the next general elections would Analysis take place on 6th May. Nine political parties are running: the five parties represented in the Natio- 1 month before nal Assembly, the only chamber in parliament comprising the Republican Party of Armenia (HHK), the poll Prosperous Armenia (BHK), the Armenian Revolutionary Federation (HHD), Rule of Law (Orinats Erkir, OEK) and Heritage (Z), which is standing in a coalition with the Free Democrats of Khachatur Kokobelian, as well as the Armenian National Congress (HAK), the Communist Party (HKK), the Democratic Party and the United Armenians. The Armenian government led by Prime Minister Tigran Sarkisian (HHK) has comprised the Republi- can Party, Prosperous Armenia and Rule of Law since 21st March 2008. The Armenian Revolutionary Federation was a member of the government coalition until 2009 before leaving it because of its opposition to the government’s foreign policy. On 12th February last the Armenians elected their local representatives. The Republican Party led by President of the Republic Serzh Sarkisian won 33 of the 39 country’s towns. The opposition clai- med that there had been electoral fraud. The legislative campaign started on 8th April and will end on 4th May. 238 people working in Arme- nia’s embassies or consulates will be able to vote on 27th April and 1st May. The parties running Prosperous Armenia leader, Gagik Tsarukian will lead his The Republican Party will be led by the President of the party’s list. -
Song, State, Sawa Music and Political Radio Between the US and Syria
Song, State, Sawa Music and Political Radio between the US and Syria Beau Bothwell Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2013 © 2013 Beau Bothwell All rights reserved ABSTRACT Song, State, Sawa: Music and Political Radio between the US and Syria Beau Bothwell This dissertation is a study of popular music and state-controlled radio broadcasting in the Arabic-speaking world, focusing on Syria and the Syrian radioscape, and a set of American stations named Radio Sawa. I examine American and Syrian politically directed broadcasts as multi-faceted objects around which broadcasters and listeners often differ not only in goals, operating assumptions, and political beliefs, but also in how they fundamentally conceptualize the practice of listening to the radio. Beginning with the history of international broadcasting in the Middle East, I analyze the institutional theories under which music is employed as a tool of American and Syrian policy, the imagined youths to whom the musical messages are addressed, and the actual sonic content tasked with political persuasion. At the reception side of the broadcaster-listener interaction, this dissertation addresses the auditory practices, histories of radio, and theories of music through which listeners in the sonic environment of Damascus, Syria create locally relevant meaning out of music and radio. Drawing on theories of listening and communication developed in historical musicology and ethnomusicology, science and technology studies, and recent transnational ethnographic and media studies, as well as on theories of listening developed in the Arabic public discourse about popular music, my dissertation outlines the intersection of the hypothetical listeners defined by the US and Syrian governments in their efforts to use music for political ends, and the actual people who turn on the radio to hear the music. -
AN ARMENIAN MEDITERRANEAN Words and Worlds in Motion CHAPTER 5
EDITED BY KATHRYN BABAYAN AND MICHAEL PIFER AN ARMENIAN MEDITERRANEAN Words and Worlds in Motion CHAPTER 5 From “Autonomous” to “Interactive” Histories: World History’s Challenge to Armenian Studies Sebouh David Aslanian In recent decades, world historians have moved away from more conventional studies of nations and national states to examine the role of transregional networks in facilitating hemispheric interactions and connectedness between This chapter was mostly written in the summer of 2009 and 2010 and episodically revised over the past few years. Earlier iterations were presented at Armenian Studies workshops at the University of California, Los Angeles in 2009, and the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor in 2012 and 2015. I am grateful to the conveners of the workshops for the invitation and feedback. I would also like to thank especially Houri Berberian, Jirair Libaridian, David Myers, Stephen H. Rapp, Khachig Tölölyan, Sanjay Subrahmanyam, Sarah Abrevaya Stein, Kathryn Babayan, Richard Antaramian, Giusto Traina, and Marc Mamigonian for their generous comments. As usual, I alone am responsible for any shortcomings. S. D. Aslanian (*) University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA © The Author(s) 2018 81 K. Babayan, M. Pifer (eds.), An Armenian Mediterranean, Mediterranean Perspectives, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72865-0_5 82 S. D. ASLANIAN cultures and regions.1 This shift from what may be called the optic of the nation(-state) to a global optic has enabled historians to examine large- scale historical processes -
Degree Applicable Glendale Community College Course ID 003116 November 2015
Armenian 126 Page 1 of 4 Degree Applicable Glendale Community College Course ID 003116 November 2015 COURSE OUTLINE Armenian 126 Armenian Literature in the Enlightenment Era Catalog Statement Armenian 126 provides students with a basic knowledge of Armenian literature from the early 19th century to the early 20th century. Topics covered include the impact of the European Enlightenment on Armenian literature, culture, secularism, and language reform in the mid 19th century. Emphasis is placed upon literary movements such as classicism and romanticism, as well as realism and critical realism in late 19th century Armenian literature. Total Lecture Units: 3.0 Total Laboratory Units: 0.0 Total Course Units: 3.0 Total Lecture Hours: 48.0 Total Laboratory Hours: 0.0 Total Laboratory Hours To Be Arranged: 0.0 Total Faculty Contact Hours: 48.0 Prerequisite: ARMEN 102 or 115 or equivalent Note: This course is offered during the Fall semester only. Course Entry Expectations Prior to enrolling in the course, the student should be able to: communicate orally and in writing in standard/formal Armenian; develop greater awareness of heritage language, orthography, and culture; compare and contrast two variations of Armenian (Western and Eastern), as well as the various structures of the Armenian language; apply fundamental principles of the Armenian grammar and structure; develop writing and reading proficiency using the Armenian alphabet. Course Exit Standards Upon successful completion of the required coursework, the student will be able to: analyze -
Baku, Azerbaijan a Complex History, a Bright Future in Our Next Issue: En Route to Timbuktu
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF STATE March 2003 StateStateMagazine Baku, Azerbaijan A Complex History, A Bright Future In our next issue: En Route to Timbuktu Women beating rice after harvest on the irrigated perimeter of the Niger River. Photo Trenkle Tim by State Magazine (ISSN 1099–4165) is published monthly, except State bimonthly in July and August, by the U.S. Department of State, Magazine 2201 C St., N.W., Washington, DC. Periodicals postage paid at Carl Goodman Washington, D.C., and at additional mailing locations. POSTMAS- EDITOR-IN-CHIEF TER: Send changes of address to State Magazine, HR/ER/SMG, Dave Krecke SA-1, Room H-236, Washington, DC 20522-0108. State Magazine WRITER/EDITOR is published to facilitate communication between management Paul Koscak and employees at home and abroad and to acquaint employees WRITER/EDITOR with developments that may affect operations or personnel. Deborah Clark The magazine is also available to persons interested in working DESIGNER for the Department of State and to the general public. State Magazine is available by subscription through the ADVISORY BOARD MEMBERS Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Florence Fultz Washington, DC 20402 (telephone [202] 512-1800) or on the web at CHAIR http://bookstore.gpo.gov. Jo Ellen Powell For details on submitting articles to State Magazine, request EXECUTIVE SECRETARY our guidelines, “Getting Your Story Told,” by e-mail at Sylvia Bazala [email protected]; download them from our web site Cynthia Bunton at www.state.gov/m/dghr/statemag;or send your request Bill Haugh in writing to State Magazine, HR/ER/SMG, SA-1, Room H-236, Bill Hudson Washington, DC 20522-0108. -
9065C70cfd3177958525777b
The FY 1989 Annual Report of the Agency for international DevelaprnentiOHiee of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance was researched. written, and produced by Cynthia Davis, Franca Brilliant, Mario Carnilien, Faye Henderson, Waveriy Jackson, Dennis J. King, Wesley Mossburg, Joseph OYConnor.Kimberly S.C. Vasconez. and Beverly Youmans of tabai Anderson Incorparated. Arlingtot?. Virginia, under contract ntrmber QDC-0800-C-00-8753-00, Office 0%US Agency ior Foreign Disaster Enternatiorr~ai Assistance Development Message from the Director ............................................................................................................................. 6 Summary of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance .............................................................................................. 8 Retrospective Look at OFDA's 25 Years of Operations ................................................................................. 10 OFDA Emergency Response ......................................................................................................................... 15 Prior-Year (FY 1987 and 1988) and Non-Declared Disasters FV 1989 DISASTERS LUROPE Ethiopia Epidemic ................................. ............. 83 Soviet Union Accident ......................................... 20 Gabon Floods .................................... ... .................84 Soviet Union Earthquake .......................................24 Ghana Floods ....................................................... 85 Guinea Bissau Fire ............................................. -
Annual Report
ANNUAL REPORT Darygan Dy.ygacir 2020 2014 St. John Armenian Church of Greater Detroit Very Reverend Father Aren Jebejian Pastor Reverend Father Armash Bagdasarian Assistant Pastor 22001 Northwestern Highway | Southfield | Michigan | 48075 248.569.3405 www.stjohnsarmenianchurch.org RULES AND REGULATIONS CONCERNING CHURCH MEMBERSHIP 5. All persons who have been baptized and confirmed in the Armenian Church, who accept its doctrine, canons, and rites, and who fulfill their obligations to the Church and community, shall be members in good standing of the Parish Church and shall constitute the Parish Assembly. 6. Every member of the parish, 18 year of age or over, shall pay his (or her) Church an annual dues, the amount of which shall be paid in full by December 31st of the current year. 7. Members in good standing of a Parish Church, who are 18 years of age or over, may participate in the Assemblies of the same Parish and may vote, provided that at least six months have elapsed since they have registered and paid dues at the time of registration as members of the Parish. They may be eligible for office one year after becoming members, provided they have attained the age of 21. 8. Members who fail to pay their dues for one or more years automatically forfeit their right to vote at Parish Assemblies, or to hold elective office within the Parish. Such members may reinstate these rights by payment of their dues in arrears for at least the previous two years. 9. No one may be a voting member in more than one Parish at the same time. -
A Resource Compiled by the Educationusa Advising Center in Armenia
Funding for Armenian Students FUNDING OPPORTUNITIES FOR STUDY IN THE U.S. FOR STUDENTS FROM ARMENIA A Resource Compiled by the EducationUSA Advising Center in Armenia EducationUSA.state.gov EducationUSA – your official source on U.S. higher education www.EducationUSA.state.gov Funding for Armenian Students EducationUSA is a global network of more than 400 advising centers supported by the Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs at the U.S. Department of State. EducationUSA centers actively promote U.S. higher education around the world by offering accurate, unbiased, comprehensive, objective and timely information about educational institutions in the United States and guidance to qualified individuals on how best to access those opportunities. Millions of prospective students learn about U.S. study opportunities through EducationUSA centers each year. Centers are staffed by professional advisers who adhere to ethical standards established by the U.S. Department of State, and many of whom have first-hand experience studying in the United States themselves, and/or have received State Department-approved training about U.S. higher education and the advising process. The EducationUSA Advising Center in Yerevan offers a wide range of different services for those individuals who are interested in study and research opportunities in the United States. www.EducationUSA.info/Armenia EducationUSA – your official source on U.S. higher education www.EducationUSA.state.gov EducationUSA U.S. Department of State Educational Exchange Programs for Armenians The Public Affairs Section of the U.S. Embassy in Yerevan administers a variety of educational and cultural programs in the Republic of Armenia, including academic exchanges and activities involving individual fellowships or institutional linkages. -
Armenian Terrorism: a Reappraisal
Gunter 5/13/09 6:51 PM Page 109 The Journal of Conflict Studies Armenian Terrorism: A Reappraisal by Michael M. Gunter ABSTRACT This article reappraises the strategic impact of Armenian terrorism in the twentieth century. From 1973 to 1985, Armenian terrorists earned a deadly and infamous international reputation by murdering Turkish diplomats or members of their families, along with many other non-involved third parties killed in the crossfire, during 188 terrorist operations worldwide. By the mid-1980s, however, Armenian terrorists had fallen into mindless but deadly internal fighting that resulted in the deaths of several of their leading mem- bers. Yet even with the benefit of 20 years of hindsight, it remains dif- ficult to assess definitively the strategic influence exerted by Armenian terrorism. It was an excellent example of how one person’s terrorist can be viewed by some as another’s freedom fighter. In seek- ing revenge for past perceived wrongs and in pursuit of the goal of an independent state, Armenian terrorism also shared common characteristics with such other ethnic-based terrorist movements as the Irish and Palestinians. Although by practically all conventional standards of measurement its ultimate strategic impact was virtually nil, some might still argue that Armenian terrorism did help preserve the memory of what many call the twentieth-century’s first or forgot- ten genocide. INTRODUCTION Tacitly supported by many Armenians and others throughout the world as legitimate revenge for what most observers viewed as genocide1 in the First World War, Armenian terrorism in the twentieth century was an excellent exam- ple of how one person’s terrorist can be viewed by some as another’s freedom fighter. -
Stalin's Baku Curve: a Detonating Mixture of Crime and Revolution
Stalin’s Baku Curve: A Detonating Mixture of Crime and Revolution by Fuad Akhundov A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Education Leadership Higher and Adult Education, OISE University of Toronto © Copyright by Fuad Akhundov 2016 Stalin’s Baku Curve: A Detonating Mixture of Crime and Revolution Fuad Akhundov Master of Arts in Education Leadership Higher and Adult Education, OISE University of Toronto 2016 Abstract The Stalin’s Baku Curve, a Detonating Mix of Crime and Revolution presents a brief insight into the early period of activities of one of the most ominous political figures of the 20th century – Joseph Stalin. The major emphasis of the work is made on Stalin’s period in Baku in 1902-1910. A rapidly growing industrial hub providing almost half of the world’s crude oil, Baku was in the meantime a brewery of revolutionary ideas. Heavily imbued with crime, corruption and ethnic tensions, the whole environment provided an excellent opportunity for Stalin to undergo his “revolutionary universities” through extortion, racketeering, revolutionary propaganda and substantial incarceration in Baku’s famous Bailov prison. Along with this, the Baku period brought Stalin into close contact with the then Russian secret police, Okhranka. This left an indelible imprint on Stalin’s character and ruling style as an irremovable leader of the Soviet empire for almost three decades. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work became possible due to the tremendous input of several scholars whom I want to hereby recognize. The first person I owe the paper Stalin’s Baku Curve, a Detonating Mix of Crime and Revolution to is Simon Sebag Montefiore, an indefatigable researcher of former Soviet and pre-Soviet history whom I had a pleasure of working with in Baku back in 1995. -
HG Working Paper #13 Front Matter
Working paper #13 Divided They Conquer: The Success of Armenian Ethnic Lobbies in the United States Heather S. Gregg August 2002 Abbreviations and Acronyms NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization ANCA Armenian National Committee of America The Assembly The Armenian Assembly of America AIPAC American Israeli Public Affairs Committee CIC Canada-Israel Committee PAC Political Action Committee ARF Armenian Revolutionary Front ADL Armenian Defense League AGBU Armenian General Benevolence Union ARS Armenian Relief Society WCTU Women’s Christian Temperance Union AYF Armenian Youth Federation ANCHA Armenian National Committee for Homeless Armenians ASALA Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia ARA Armenian Revolutionary Army ACIA Armenian Committee for the Independence of Armenia EU European Union ATP Armenian Tree Project UN United Nations ARAMAC Armenian- American Action Committee NGO Non-Governmental Organization NGOC Non-Governmental Organization Training Center UNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees ANI Armenian National Institute PL Public Law HR House Resolution ii Table of Contents I. Introduction 1 II. Literature on Ethnic Lobbies in the US 2 III. The Armenian Lobbies and Political Activism 5 in the US IV. The Rise of Armenian Ethnic Lobbies 10 A. Organizational Essence 10 B. Outreach Projects 14 C. Congress and Policy Objectives, Strategies and 18 Tactics 1. US Recognition of the Armenian Genocide 19 2. Nagorno Karabakh 20 3. Section 907 22 4. Aid to Armenia 23 5. Block Arms Deals to Turkey and the 25 Caspian Pipeline Project V. Conclusion 26 Appendices 29 Bibliography 31 iii Abstract The end of the Cold War has sparked considerable academic and policy debates on the direction and aims of US foreign policy.