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Biological Constraints Analysis

Coburn Crossing APN 19-420-43 Truckee, County, CA

Prepared for:

Triumph Development 12 Vail Road, Suite 700 Vail, CO 81657 Contact: Travis Coggin 307-690-3716

Prepared by:

Micki Kelly Kelly Biological Consulting PO Box 1625 Truckee, CA 96160 530-582-9713

June 2016

Contents 1. INTRODUCTION ...... 1

1.1 SITE OVERVIEW ...... 1 1.2 REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ...... 1 Special-Status Species ...... 1 Wetlands and Waters of the U.S...... 1 Waters of the State ...... 1 2. METHODS ...... 2

2.1 BACKGROUND REVIEW ...... 2 2.2 FIELD ASSESSMENTS ...... 3 3. RESULTS ...... 3

3.1 BOTANICAL RESOURCES...... 3 Community Characterization ...... 4 Sensitive Plant Species and Communities ...... 4 3.2 WATERS OF THE US (INCLUDING WETLANDS) ...... 4 Wetlands in the Study Area ...... 7 3.3 FISH AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES ...... 7 Common Wildlife ...... 7 Special-Status Wildlife...... 7 4. RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 8 REFERENCES ...... 10 APPENDIX ...... 11

TABLE 1. SPECIAL STATUS PLANT SPECIES POTENTIALLY OCCURRING IN OR NEAR THE STUDY AREA ...... 11 TABLE 2. SPECIAL STATUS WILDLIFE SPECIES POTENTIALLY OCCURRING IN OR NEAR THE STUDY AREA ...... 15 TABLE 3. PLANT SPECIES OBSERVED DURING THE JUNE 15, 2016 FIELDWORK ...... 19 WILDLIFE SURVEY SUMMARY ...... 22 WETLAND DATASHEETS ...... 23 REPRESENTATIVE PHOTOS (TAKEN JUNE 15, 2016) ...... 27

Biological Constraints Analysis, Coburn Crossing, June 2016

1. Introduction

1.1 Site Overview

The Coburn Crossing Study Area consists of the area shown on Figure 1. The site is in Nevada County, on Donner Pass Road in the Town of Truckee, CA (APN 19-420-43, Lat. 39334950 / Long. -120.176316). The adjacent land uses include a cemetery, Highway I-80, and a US Forest Service facility. Highway I-80 bounds the property on the north, Donner Pass Road on the south and east. A cemetery lies to the west. The site is relatively flat. Most of it has been disturbed by clearing, grading, and utility line work over the last 10 or more years.

1.2 Regulatory Framework

Here is a summary of the regulatory framework as it relates to biological issues.

Special-Status Species

Special-status and animals are species that are legally protected under the State and Federal Endangered Species Acts, and other regulations, and species that are considered rare by the scientific community. They are defined as:

• Plants and animals that are listed or proposed for listing as Threatened or Endangered under the Endangered Species Act (Fish and Game Code 1995 §2050 et seq., 14 CCR §670.1 et seq.) and/or the Federal Endangered Species Act (50 CFR 17.12 for plants, 50 CFR 17.11 for animals; and various notices in the Federal Register for proposed species). • Plants and animals that are Candidates for possible future listing as Threatened or Endangered under the Federal Endangered Species Act (50 CFR 17.12 for plants, 59 FR 58982 November 15, 1994 for animals). • Plants and animals that are considered Federal Species of Concern (formerly C2 candidate species). • Plants and animals that meet the definition of rare or endangered under CEQA (14 CCR §15380), which includes species not found on State or Federal Endangered Species lists. • Animals that are designated as "Species of Special Concern" by CDFW (1999). • Animal species that are "fully protected" in California (Fish and Game Code, §3511, §4700, §5050 and §5515).

Special-status plant species also include species on CNPS Inventory List 1A (presumed extinct in California), List 1B (plants rare, threatened, or endangered in California and elsewhere), or List 2 (plants rare, threatened, or endangered in California, but more common elsewhere). These species fall within state regulatory authority under the provisions of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) Guidelines. CNPS Inventory List 3 (plants about which more information is needed, a review list) and List 4 (plants of limited distribution, a watch list) are considered to be of lower sensitivity, and generally do not fall under specific state or federal regulatory authority. Specific mitigation considerations are generally required for species with federal or state protection or that are in List 1 and 2 categories.

1 Biological Constraints Analysis, Coburn Crossing, June 2016

Figure 1. The Study Area includes the parcel (APN 19-420-43) and the area marked in red.

2 Biological Constraints Analysis, Coburn Crossing, June 2016

Sensitive plant communities include habitats that fulfill special functions or have special values. Natural communities considered sensitive are those identified in local or regional plans, policies, regulations, or by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW). CDFW ranks sensitive communities as ‘threatened’ or ‘very threatened’ and keeps records of their occurrences in its Natural Diversity Database. Also, CNDDB vegetation alliances are ranked 1 through 5. Alliances ranked globally (G) or statewide (S) as 1 through 3 are considered sensitive (Sawyer, et.al. 2009). Impacts to sensitive natural communities identified in local or regional plans, policies, regulations, or by CDFW or U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFW) must be considered and evaluated under CEQA.

Sensitive habitats may include areas that fulfill special functions or have special values, such as wetlands, streams, and riparian habitat. These habitats may be regulated under federal regulations (i.e. the Clean Water Act), state regulations (such as the Porter-Cologne Act, California Department of Fish and Wildlife’s Streambed Alteration Program), and local ordinances or policies.

Wetlands and Waters of the U.S.

The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) regulates “Waters of the United States” pursuant to Section 404 of the Clean Water Act (CWA). “Waters of the US” are defined broadly as waters potentially used in commerce, including interstate waters and wetlands, all other waters (intrastate waterbodies, including wetlands), and their tributaries (33 CFR 328.3). Potential wetland areas are determined by the three criteria stated in the Corps of Engineers Wetlands Delineation Manual (“Manual”) (1987) and the Western Mountains, Valleys, and Coast Regional Supplement (“Supplement”) (2010). Those criteria are hydrophytic vegetation, hydric soils, and wetland hydrology. Areas that are inundated for sufficient duration and depth to exclude growth of upland and hydrophytic vegetation are subject to Section 404 of the CWA jurisdiction as “other waters” and are often characterized by an ordinary high water line. “Other waters” generally include lakes, rivers, streams, and their tributaries. The placement of fill material into Waters of the US (including wetlands) generally requires authorization from the Corps under Section 404.

Waters of the State

Waters of the State are regulated by the Regional Water Quality Control Board (RWQCB) pursuant to the State Water Quality Certification Program, which regulates discharges of fill and dredged material under Section 401 of the CWA and the Porter-Cologne Water Quality Control Act. “Waters of the State” are defined by the Porter-Cologne Act as “any surface water or groundwater, including saline waters, within the boundaries of the state”. RWQCB protects all waters in its regulatory scope, but has special responsibility for wetlands, riparian areas, and headwaters. These waterbodies have high resource value, are vulnerable to filling, and are not systematically protected by other programs. RWQCB jurisdiction includes wetlands and waters that may not be regulated by the Corps pursuant to Section 404.

Projects that require a Corps permit, or fall under other federal jurisdiction, and have the potential to impact Waters of the State, are required to comply with the terms of the Water Quality Certification determination. If a proposed project does not require a federal permit, but does involve dredge or fill activities that may result in a discharge to Waters of the State, the RWQCB has

1 Biological Constraints Analysis, Coburn Crossing, June 2016 the option to regulate the dredge and fill activities under its state authority in the form of Waste Discharge Requirements.

Migratory Bird Treaty Act

This treaty with Canada, Mexico and Japan makes it unlawful at any time, by any means or in any manner, to pursue, hunt, take, capture, or kill migratory birds. The law applies to the removal of nests (such as swallow nests on bridges) occupied by migratory birds during the breeding season. California Fish and Game Code (Sec 3500) also prohibits the destruction of any nest, egg, or nestling.

2. Methods

2.1 Background Review

Potential occurrence of special status species in the Study Area was evaluated by first determining which special status plant and wildlife species have been documented to occur in the vicinity of the Study Area through a literature and database search. The following sources were reviewed:

• Aerial base map and topo maps documenting the existing conditions (Google Earth 2016, Earth Point Topo 2016) • Soil Survey (http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov/app/WebSoilSurvey.aspx) • California Natural Diversity Data Base (CNDDB) (CDFW 2016) which lists recorded occurrences of special-status species for the Truckee quad and nearby USGS quadrangles • CDFW publication “California’s Wildlife, Volumes I-III” (Zeiner et al. 1990), • CDFW publication “Amphibians and Reptile Species of Special Concern in California” (Jennings and Hayes 1994) • Local and regional floras

The information was used to determine the potential occurrence of sensitive plant communities and habitats on or within the vicinity of the Study Area. Sensitive habitats include riparian corridors, wetlands, habitats for legally protected species and CDFW Species of Special Concern, areas that have high biological diversity or provide important wildlife habitat, and unusual or regionally restricted habitat types. Also, CNDDB vegetation alliances are ranked 1 through 5. Alliances ranked globally (G) or statewide (S) as 1 through 3 are considered sensitive (Sawyer, et.al. 2009). Impacts to sensitive natural communities identified in local or regional plans, policies, or regulations or those identified by the CDFW or USFWS must be considered and evaluated under CEQA (CCR Title 14, Div. 6, Chap. 3, Appendix G). From the above sources, a target list of special-status species, plant communities, and habitats with potential to occur on or in the vicinity of the Study Area was developed. Potential for special status species to occur in the Study Area was evaluated according to the following criteria:

(1) Not Present. Habitat on and adjacent to the site is clearly unsuitable for the species requirements (based on foraging, breeding, cover, substrate, elevation, hydrology, plant community, site history, or disturbance regime).

2 Biological Constraints Analysis, Coburn Crossing, June 2016

(2) Low Potential. Few of the habitat components meeting the species requirements are present, and/or the majority of habitat on and adjacent to the site is unsuitable or of very poor quality. The species is not likely to be found on the site.

(3) Moderate Potential. Some of the habitat components meeting the species requirements are present, and/or only some of the habitat on or adjacent to the site is unsuitable. The species has a moderate probability of being found on the site.

(4) High Potential. All of the habitat components meeting the species requirements are present and/or most of the habitat on or adjacent to the site is highly suitable. The species has a high probability of being found on the site.

(5) Present. Species has been observed on the site or recorded (i.e. CNDDB, other reports) on the site recently.

Tables 1 and 2 in the Appendix provide information about the species and their potential occurrence in the Study Area.

2.2 Field Assessments

The site was traversed on foot in mid-June 2016 by M. Kelly, PWS, plant ecologist and A. Alterman, wildlife biologist. The purpose of the site visits were to characterize the nature of sensitive habitats in the Study Area and to evaluate the site’s potential to provide habitat for special-status plant and wildlife species. In addition, a preliminary wetland delineation was conducted. A list of the wildlife and plant taxa observed during the site visits, wetland datasheets, and representative photos are included in the Appendix.

3. Results

This section provides an overview of existing conditions. The property lies on the eastern slope of the mountain range. The site is relatively flat. Much of it has been disturbed by clearing, grading, and utility line installation and maintenance.

Hydrology. The Study Area’s hydrologic sources are direct precipitation, typically in the form of snowfall, snowmelt run-off from adjacent areas, rainfall, and shallow ground water near the wetlands. There are no blue line perennial drainages or intermittent/ephemeral drainages. The eastern portion of the property drains toward a Caltrans detention basin at the eastern edge of the property.

Soils. The soil on the site is Martis-Euer variant complex, 2 to 5 percent slopes (MEB) (USDA. Web Soil Survey 2016). The USDA describes the depth to a restrictive layer for this soil type as more than 80 inches and the drainage class as well drained.

3.1 Botanical Resources

3 Biological Constraints Analysis, Coburn Crossing, June 2016

General habitat types occurring on the site were characterized, and information on dominant and characteristic species noted. Modified forms of the plant community classification discussed in the California Manual of Vegetation (Sawyer, et.al. 2009) were used when classifying the habitat types. Final characterization of the habitat types of the Study Area was based on field observations.

Plant Community Characterization

This section provides a general overview of the primary plant communities and habitats that occur in the Study Area. A list of species observed in the Study Area is provided in the Appendix.

Ruderal Disturbed/Developed habitat type covers most of the site. It consists of gravel/bare places, dirt and paved roads, and areas that have been heavily disturbed. It is sparsely vegetated with non- native species such as western burnet (Poteridium annuum) and bulbous bluegrass (Poa bulbosa), intermixed with a few natives [black foot prairie smoke ( racemosum), whisker-brush ( ciliatus) and willowherb ( brachycarpum)].

Jeffrey Pine Woodland on the site is similar to the Pinus jeffreyi Forest Alliance. This plant community is found along perimeter of the site (particularly in the southern and northern edges) and in the northwest potion of the site. The major species include Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi) and lodgepole pine (). The understory is made up of bitterbrush ( tridentata) and mountain sagebrush ( tridentata ssp. vaseyana) and various common grasses and forbs.

Wet Meadow (wetland) habitat type can be found in a very small area near the Caltrans detention basin which is adjacent to the northeastern part of the site. The dominants in area are Baltic rush ( balticus ssp. ater), various grasses such as bog bluegrass (Poa palustris), and forbs including marsh () and baby blue eyes ( pedunculata). There are also several small (). The upper edges transition into adjacent upland habitats.

Sensitive Plant Species and Communities

The twenty-six special status plant species that have been recorded within the vicinity or have geographic ranges that overlap with the Study Area are listed in Table 1 (CNDDB 2016). No special status species have been observed within the Study Area. Due the heavily disturbed condition of the site, none of these species have a high potential (or even moderate potential) to occur in the Study Area. Two species have a low-moderate potential, Plumas (), which occurs about one half mile to the east and Santa Lucia dwarf rush (Juncus luciensis). Neither were observed during the survey. There are no sensitive plant communities in the Study Area.

3.2 Waters of the US (Including Wetlands)

The Study Area was evaluated for the presence or absence of indicators of the three wetland parameters described in the Corps Manual and the Supplement. Section 328.3 of the Federal Code of Regulations defines wetlands as: "Those areas that are inundated or saturated by surface or ground water at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal

4 Biological Constraints Analysis, Coburn Crossing, June 2016 circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. Wetlands generally include swamps, marshes, bogs, and similar areas.” EPA, 40 CFR 230.3 and CE, 33 CFR 328.3 (b)

Data on vegetation, hydrology, and soils collected at sample points during the delineation site visit was recorded on the Supplement datasheets (see Appendix). Indicators described in the Supplement were used to make wetland determinations at each sample point and are summarized below.

Vegetation Indicator. Plant species identified on the Study Area have been assigned a wetland status according to the federal list of plant species that occur in wetlands in the region (Lichvar et. al. 2016). This wetland classification system is based on the expected frequency of occurrence in wetlands. The Supplement requires that a multi-step process be conducted to determine if hydrophytic vegetation is present. The procedure first requires the delineator to apply the “50/20 rule” (Indicator 1) described in the manual. To apply the “50/20 rule”, dominant species are chosen independently from each stratum of the community. Dominants are the most abundant species that individually or collectively account for more than 50 percent of the total vegetative cover in the stratum, plus any other species that, by itself, accounts for at least 20 percent of the total cover. If greater than 50 percent of the dominant species has an OBL, FACW, or FAC status the sample point meets the hydrophytic vegetation criterion. . However, if the sample point fails Indicator 1 but hydric soils and wetland hydrology are both present, the delineator must apply other indicators.

Hydrology Indicator. The Corps jurisdictional wetland hydrology criterion is satisfied if an area is inundated or saturated for a period sufficient to create anoxic soil conditions during the growing season. Evidence of wetland hydrology can include primary indicators, such as visible inundation or saturation, drift deposits, oxidized root channels, and salt crusts, or secondary indicators such as the FAC-neutral test, presence of a shallow aquitard. Only one primary indicator is required to meet the wetland hydrology criterion; however, if secondary indicators are used, at least two secondary indicators must be present to conclude that an area has wetland hydrology. The presence or absence of the primary or secondary indicators was utilized to determine if sample points within the Study Area met the wetland hydrology criterion.

Soils Indicator. Soils formed over long periods under wetland (anaerobic) conditions often possess characteristics that indicate they meet the definition of hydric soils. Hydric soils can have a hydrogen sulfide (rotten egg) odor, low chroma matrix color, generally designated 0, 1, or 2, presence of redox concentrations, gleyed or depleted matrix, or high organic matter content. The Supplement provides a list of the hydric soil indicators that are known to occur in the region. Soil samples were collected and described according to the methodology. Hydric soils were determined to be present if any of the soil samples met one or more of the hydric soil indicators described in the Supplement.

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Figure 2. Potential Wetland Features (Note - They appear to be isolated wetlands)

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Wetlands in the Study Area

Waters of the United States (including wetlands) and Waters of the State provide habitat for many species and as mentioned above are protected by the Clean Water Act and California Porter Cologne Act. There are two small areas that exhibit wetland indicators and potentially fall within the Corps and the RWQCB jurisdiction in accordance the CWA and Porter Cologne. They are on the northeast of the property, extending off the site (near the off-site Caltrans stormwater detention basin) (Figure 2). One is 166 square foot (0.004 acres); the other is 3,068 square foot (0.07 acres). Both are dominated by wetland vegetation such as marsh gnaphalium (Gnaphalium palustre) (FACW) and baby blue eyes () (FAC). Also present are Baltic rush (Juncus balticus ssp. ater) (FACW) and bog bluegrass (Poa palustris) (FAC) and other wetland species. The larger one has denser vegetation. They also exhibited wetland hydrologic indicators and wetland soil. There were algal mats in the small one.

These areas appear to drain north/east to the Caltrans stormwater basin, which in turn discharges to the east into a culvert under Donner Pass Road. On the east side of the road, water flows out of the culvert into a small stormwater basin, which then discharges to the east into a sinusoidal intermittent drainage, then filters into the soil. It does not appear to connect to any surface water drainages that eventually lead to the Truckee River. It is possible that the Corps would consider it an isolated wetland that is not jurisdictional. It should be noted that only the Corps can make that jurisdictional determination. Therefore they should be consulted, before it is filled or altered. Regardless of the Corps’ determination, the area would typically be considered a Waters of the State by the RWQCB. To fill it would require their approval.

3.3 Fish and Wildlife Resources

Common Wildlife

Resident and migratory wildlife species may utilize the habitats found in the Study Area for foraging, breeding, and shelter. Evidence of species typical of the Truckee area, such as Douglas squirrel (Tamiasciurus douglasi), black-tailed jackrabbit (Lepus californicus), and yellow-pine chipmunk (Neotamias amoenus) was noted. In addition, Mountain Chickadee (Poecile gambeli), American Robin (Turdus migratorius), Western Scrub-Jay (Aphelocoma californica), Steller’s jay (Cyanocitta stelleri), House Finch (Carpodacus mexicanus), Lesser Goldfinch (Carduelis psaltria), and Western Wood-Pewee (Contopus sordidulus) were observed. A summary of avian taxa noted in or adjacent to the Study Area during the site visit can be found in the Appendix.

Special-Status Wildlife

Twenty-six special status wildlife species have been recorded within the vicinity or have geographic ranges that overlap with the Study Area (CNDDB 2016). None of the 26 species have a moderate or high potential occur in the Study Area. All are either not present or have a low potential.

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4. Recommendations

To avoid and/or minimize possible impacts to biological resources the following recommendations should be implemented.

Waters of the United States and Waters of the State.

Impacts to the potential wetland areas should be avoided if possible. If avoidance is not feasible, then impacts should be minimized. Prior to placing fill in the potential wetland areas, a preliminary delineation of Waters of the United States should be submitted to the Corps for verification. If they determine that the wetlands are not in their jurisdiction, then no further actions by the Corps are required. If the Corps determines the areas are within their jurisdiction, then Corps authorization should be obtained before filling the wetlands.

If the Corps does not take jurisdiction over the wetlands, these areas would still be considered Waters of the State. If avoidance is not feasible, then impacts should be minimized and a permit obtained from the RWQCB in accordance with Porter Cologne Act. As part of either the federal or state permit process, compensatory mitigation typically involves one or more of the following, wetland enhancement, restoration, creation, or preservation. The mitigation goal should be to implement it within the same regional watershed. If that is not feasible, in a nearby watershed or fee-based mitigation may be considered. Work should comply with all agency permit requirements.

If the wetlands are not filled they should still be protected from indirect affects (such as siltation or erosion). Therefore, the project design phase should include appropriate permanent BMPS. During the construction phase, sufficient temporary BMPs (such as placing orange exclusion fencing, staked fiber rolls, and keyed-in silt fencing) should be installed, as needed to protect the wetlands and water quality. Work should comply with any stormwater permit requirements, including discharge specifications, BMP installation and maintenance, general regulatory requirements, monitoring, and reporting. Implementation of this recommendation should ensure that any potential impacts to Waters of the United States (Including wetlands) and Waters of the State will be less than significant.

Breeding Birds and the Migratory Bird Act.

As mentioned above take or needless destruction of bird nests or eggs may result in a violation of CFGC §3503 and the Migratory Bird Act. To protect active nests, eggs, and/or young of nesting birds from project-related construction activities, such as earthwork or vegetation trimming, the following should be implemented. To the extent possible, ground-disturbing activities and/or removal of vegetation should occur during the non-nesting season (defined as September 1 through March 14) to avoid impacts to active nests. No surveys or other avoidance measures for upland nesting breeding bird species would be necessary for construction activities conducted during the period of September 1 through March 14.

If any ground-disturbing activities or vegetation removal must begin during the avian breeding season (March 15 through August 31) breeding bird surveys should be conducted by a qualified biologist. Specifically, pre-construction breeding bird surveys should be conducted within 14 days of ground disturbance or tree removal. Surveys should detect the nests of special-status as well as

8 Biological Constraints Analysis, Coburn Crossing, June 2016 non-special-status birds, which are protected under the CFGC. An exclusion buffer should be established around any active nests, which have the potential to be directly or indirectly impacted by the proposed project. The size of the buffer should be determined by the qualified biologist. The exclusion buffer should be maintained until the qualified biologist has determined that all young have fledged. Implementation of this recommendation will ensure that any potential impacts to nesting birds will be less than significant.

9 Biological Constraints Analysis, Coburn Crossing, June 2016 References

Baldwin, B., D. Goldman, D. Keil, R. Patterson, T. Rosatti, and D. Wilken. 2011. The Jepson Manual, Vascular Plants of California, Second Edition. University of California Press.

California Department of Fish and Wildlife. 2009. Protocols for Surveying and Evaluating Impacts to Special Status Native Plant Populations and Natural Communities.

California Department of Fish and Wildlife. 2016. California Natural Diversity Database (https://map.dfg.ca.gov/rarefind/) Site Accessed January, March, and April 2015.

California Department of Food and Agriculture. 2016. (http://plants.usda.gov/ ) Site Accessed April 2015.

Cal-IPC. 2006. California Invasive Plant Inventory. Cal-IPC Publication 2006-02. California Invasive Plant Council: Berkeley, CA. Available at: www.cal-ipc.org.

CNPS, Rare Plant Program. 2016. Inventory of Rare and Endangered Plants (online edition, v8-02). California Native Plant Society, Sacramento, CA. Website http://www.rareplants.cnps.org [accessed January and April 2015].

Cronquist, A., A.H. Holmgren, N.H. Holmgren, J.L. Reveal, and P.K. Holmgren. 1972-2005. Intermountain Flora. Volumes 1, 2b, 3-6. New York Botanical Garden. New York City.

Earth Point Topo. June 2016. Application used in Google Earth.

Environmental Laboratory. 1987. Corps of Engineers Wetlands Delineation Manual. Department of the Army, Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Mississippi.

Google Earth. 2016. (Site accessed various dates)

Graf, M. 1999. Plants of the Tahoe Basin. University of California Press.

Lichvar, R.W., D.L. Banks, W.N. Kirchner, and N.C. Melvin. 2016. The National Wetland Plant List: 2016 wetland ratings.

Lowther, P. E., C. Celada, N. K. Klein, C. C. Rimmer and D. A. Spector. 1999. Yellow Warbler (Dendroica petechia), The Birds of Online (A. Poole, Ed.). Ithaca: Cornell Lab of Ornithology; Retrieved from the Birds of North America Online: http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/454

Sawyer, et.al. 2009. A Manual of California Vegetation 2nd Edition. California Native Plant Society, Sacramento, California.

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. 2010. Regional Supplement to the Corps of Engineers Wetland Delineation Manual: Western Mountains, Valleys, and Coast Region (Version 2.0).

USDA. Web Soil Survey. http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov/app/WebSoilSurvey.aspx. (Accessed: June 2016)

Zeiner, David C., William F. Laudenslayer, Jr., Kenneth E. Mayer, and Marshall White. 1990. California’s Wildlife, Volume I, Amphibians and Reptiles, Volume II, Birds, and Volume III, Mammals. California Statewide Habitat Relationships System. CDFW, Sacramento.

10 Biological Constraints Analysis, Coburn Crossing, June 2016 Appendix

Table 1. Special Status Plant Species Potentially Occurring in or Near the Study Area Federal State CNPS Potential Occurrence in Study Species Listing Listing Listing Habitat Associations and Taxa Ecology Area Status1 Status1 Status1

Arabis rigidissima var. . Perennial herb. Broadleafed upland forest, upper Not Present. No appropriate demota FSS - 1B.2 montane coniferous forest; rocky. 2255 - 2560m. habitat present. (Galena Creek rockcress) August.

Artemisia tripartita ssp. Low Potential. Limited . Perennial . Upper montane coniferous forest; tripartita - - 2B.3 habitat present. Not observed rocky, volcanic. 2200 – 2600m. Flowers August. (threetip sagebrush) during the survey.

Fabaceae. Perennial herb. Alpine boulder and rock field, austiniae Not Present. No appropriate - - 1B.3 subalpine coniferous forest; rocky. 2440 – 2965m. Flowers July - (Austin's astragalus) habitat present. September.

Ophioglossaceae. Perennial herb, rhizomatous. Lower and upper Botrychium crenulatum Not Present. No appropriate FSS - 2.B2 montane coniferous forest, marshes and swamps; mesic areas. (scalloped moonwort) habitat present. Elevation range 1265-3280 m. Best identified June-September.

Ophioglossaceae. Perennial herb, rhizomatous. Subalpine and Botrychium Not Present. No appropriate FSS - 2B.3 upper montane coniferous forest, meadows and seeps; mesic (common moonwort) habitat present. areas. Elevation range 2280-3400 m. Best identified August.

Ophioglossaceae. Perennial herb, rhizomatous. Bogs and fens, Botrychium minganense lower montane coniferous forest, edges of meadows and seeps; Not Present. No appropriate FSS - 2B.2 (Mingan moonwort) mesic areas. Elevation range 1455-2180m. Best identified July- habitat present. Sept. Carex davyi (C. Cyperaceae. Subalpine coniferous forest, upper montane Low Potential. Limited constanceana) - - 1B.3 coniferous forest. Known from fewer than 20 extant occurrences. habitat present. Not observed (Davy's sedge) Similar to C. petasata. Elevation 1500-3200m. May to August. during the survey.

11 Biological Constraints Analysis, Coburn Crossing, June 2016 Federal State CNPS Potential Occurrence in Study Species Listing Listing Listing Habitat Associations and Taxa Ecology Area Status1 Status1 Status1 Cyperaceae. Perennial rhizomatous herb. Bogs and fens, lower Carex limosa Not Present. No appropriate - - 2B.2 and upper montane coniferous forest, soggy meadows and seeps, (mud sedge) habitat present. marshes and swamps, edges of lakes. 1200-2700m. Jun-Aug. . Perennial herb. Alpine boulder and rock field, megarhiza subalpine, lower, and upper montane coniferous forest; talus Not Present. No appropriate - - 2B.3 (fell fields claytonia) crevices, rocky or gravelly sites. Elevation range 2600-3300m. habitat present. Flowers July-August. anglica . Perennial herb. Bogs and fens, meadows and seeps, Not Present. No appropriate - - 2B.3 (English sundew) mesic sites. Elevation range 1300-2000m. Flowers June-August. habitat present.

Erigeron eatonii var. Asteraceae. Perennial herb. scrub, lower montane Low Potential. Limited nevadincola - - 2B.3 coniferous forest, pinyon and juniper woodland; rocky substrates. habitat present. Not observed (Nevada daisy) 1400-2900m. Flowers May-July. during the survey.

Asteraceae. Perennial herb. Upper montane coniferous forest; miser rocky substrates. Occurs along Hole in the Ground and Warren Not Present. No appropriate FSS - 1B.3 (starved daisy) Lake trails to the west. Elevation range 1840-2620m. Flowers habitat present. June-October. . Perennial herb. Upper montane coniferous forest, meadows and seep volcanic rocky substrates, usually in bare or umbellatum var. sparse areas. Known from fewer than 10 occurrences. Many Not Present. No appropriate torreyanum FSS - 1B.2 populations to the west. Also observed on east slope of Red habitat present. (Donner Pass ) Mountain above Crabtree Canyon. Elevation range 1855-2620m. Flowers July-September. Poaceae. Perennial rhizomatous grass. Bogs and fens, meadows Glyceria grandis Not Present. No appropriate - - 2B.3 and seeps, marshes and swamps; streambank and lake margins. (American manna grass) habitat present. Elevation range 15-1980m. Flowers June-August. Low-Moderate Potential. . Perennial herb. Great Basin scrub, lower montane Typically found in flat slightly Ivesia sericoleuca FSS - 1B.2 coniferous forest, meadows and seeps, vernal pools, vernally mesic areas on volcanic soil. (Plumas ivesia) mesic. Elevation range 1400-2200m. Flowers May-September. Occurs within a mile of the site. . Annual herb. . Great Basin scrub, lower Low-Moderate Potential. Juncus luciensis FSS - 1B.2 montane coniferous forest, meadows and seeps, vernal pools. Limited habitat in the wet (Santa Lucia dwarf rush) Elevation range 300 - 2040m. Flowers Apr-Jul. areas.

12 Biological Constraints Analysis, Coburn Crossing, June 2016 Federal State CNPS Potential Occurrence in Study Species Listing Listing Listing Habitat Associations and Taxa Ecology Area Status1 Status1 Status1 . Perennial herb. Known from fewer than twenty longipetala occurrences. Alpine boulder and rock fields, subalpine coniferous Not Present. No appropriate FSS - 1B.3 (long-petaled lewisia) forest, mesic, rocky, and granitic. Elevation range 2500-2925m. habitat present. Flowers July-August. Meesiaceae. . Bogs and fens, meadows and seeps, subalpine Meesia uliginosa Not Present. No appropriate FSS - 2B.2 coniferous forest, upper montane coniferous forest, damp soil. (broad-nerved hump moss) habitat present. Multiple occurrences several miles to the north. 1210- 2805m. oblongifolia var. . Perennial herb. Great basin scrub, lower montane Not Present. No appropriate oblongifolia - - 2B.2 coniferous forest, meadows and seeps, subalpine coniferous habitat present. (sagebrush bluebells) forest. 1000-3000m. Flowers April – July. Nardia hiroshii Liverwort. Damp soil with granitic bedrock, meadows and seeps. Not Present. No appropriate - - 2B.3 (Hiroshi's flapwort) 2195m. habitat present. indecora Asteraceae. Perennial herb. Meadows and seeps, mesic. Last Not Present. No appropriate ( indecorus) - - 2B.2 observed in Tahoe National Forest in 1912.Elevation range 1600- habitat present. (rayless mountain ragwort) 2000m. Flowers July-August. Boraginaceae. Annual herb. Cismontane woodland, lower stebbinsii Low Potential. FSS - 1B.2 montane coniferous forest, meadows, and seeps. Elevation range (Stebbins' phacelia) Limited habitat present. 610-2010m. Flowers June-July. Potamogetonaceae. Perennial rhizomatous herb aquatic. Marshes and swamps (shallow water, ponds, lakes, irrigation Not Present. No appropriate (Nuttall’s ribbon-leaved - - 2B.2 districts). Last observed near Tahoe Tavern in 1932. 370 - 217m. habitat present. pondweed) Flowers July-August. Potamogetonaceae. Perennial rhizomatous herb aquatic. Potamogeton praelongus Marshes and swamps (deep water, lakes). Last observed near Not Present. No appropriate (white stemmed - - 2B.2 the Webber Peak Quad in 1894. 1800 - 3000m. Flowers July- habitat present. pondweed) August. Potamogetonaceae. Perennial rhizomatous herb aquatic. Potamogeton robbinsii Marshes and swamps; deep water, lakes. Occurs in shallow water Not Present. No appropriate - - 2B.3 (Robbins' pondweed) in Donner Lake. Elevation range 1585-3300m. Flowers July- habitat present. August. . Perennial shrub. Lower and upper Not Present. No appropriate alnifolia - - 2B.2 montane coniferous forest, meadows and seeps, riparian scrub. habitat present. Not observed ( buckthorn) 1370-2130m. Flowers May-Jul. during survey/

13 Biological Constraints Analysis, Coburn Crossing, June 2016 Federal State CNPS Potential Occurrence in Study Species Listing Listing Listing Habitat Associations and Taxa Ecology Area Status1 Status1 Status1 Brassicaceae. Perennial herb. Known in CA only from Lake Tahoe. Not Present. Occurs in the subumbellata Lower montane coniferous forest, meadows, and seeps; FC/FSS CE 1B.1 vicinity of Lake Tahoe on (Tahoe yellow cress) decomposed granitic beaches. Elevation range 1895-1900m. decomposed granite. Flowers May-September.

Lamiaceae. Perennial rhizomatous herb. Lower montane galericulata Not Present. No appropriate - - 2B.2 coniferous forest, meadows and seeps, marshes and swamps. (marsh skullcap) habitat present. Elevation range 0-2100m. Flowers June-September.

Malvaceae. Perennial herb. Great Basin scrub. Known in CA only munroana Not Present. No Great Basin - - 2B.2 from Squaw Creek in 1922. Elevation range 2000m. Flowers May- (Munroe's desert mallow) scrub present. June. * Key to status codes: FE Federal Endangered FT Federal Threatened FC Federal Candidate FSS US Forest Service Sensitive CE State Endangered CT State Threatened SCE State Candidate Endangered SSC CDFG Species of Special Concern California Native Plant Society (“CNPS”) List 1B.1 Rare, threatened or endangered in California and elsewhere. Fairly endangered in California. 1B.2 Rare, threatened or endangered in California and elsewhere. Moderately threatened in California. 1B.3 Rare, threatened, or endangered in California and elsewhere. Not very endangered in California. 2.1 Rare, threatened or endangered in California, but more common elsewhere. Fairly endangered in California. 2.2 Rare, threatened or endangered in California, but more common elsewhere. Moderately threatened in California. 2.3 Rare, threatened, or endangered in California, but more common elsewhere. Not very endangered in California.

14 Biological Constraints Analysis, Coburn Crossing, June 2016 Table 2. Special Status Wildlife Species Potentially Occurring in or Near the Study Area

SPECIES STATUS* HABITAT REQUIREMENTS POTENTIAL FOR OCCURRENCE

Mammals

This species is associated with a wide variety of habitats from Low Potential. No old buildings or deserts to mid-elevation mixed coniferous-deciduous forest. Corynorhinus townsendii SC, SSC, maternity habitat, however this species Females form maternity colonies in buildings, caves and mines and (Townsend’s big-eared bat) WBWG may occasionally forage within the Study males roost singly or in small groups. Foraging occurs in open and Area. wooded habitats where they specialize on moths as prey. Occupies a wide variety of habitats from arid deserts and grasslands Euderma maculatum SSC, Not Present. No suitable roosting habitat through mixed forests. Feeds over water and along washes. (spotted bat) WBWG is present within the Study Area. Needs rock crevices in cliffs or caves for roosting. This species is typically solitary, roosting primarily in the foliage of or . Day roosts are commonly in edge habitats adjacent Lasiurus blossevillii SSC, Not Present. No appropriate habitat to streams or open fields, in orchards, and sometimes in urban (western red bat) WBWG present. areas. There may be an association with intact riparian habitat (particularly willows, cottonwoods, and sycamores). Lepus americanus tahoensis Occurs in boreal zones of riparian communities. They typically Not Present. No appropriate habitat SSC (Sierra Nevada snowshoe hare) occupy altitudes between 5000 and 8000 feet. present. Low Potential. This species is typically Sagebrush, subalpine conifer, juniper, alpine dwarf shrub and found associated with sagebrush east of Lepus townsendii townsendii perennial grassland. Open areas with scattered shrubs and exposed SSC the Sierra crest or areas above 8,500 feet. (western white-tailed jackrabbit) flat-topped hills with open stands of trees, brush and herbaceous Neither of the preferred habitats of this understory. species are present within the Study Area. Occurs in areas with dense growth of small deciduous trees and shrubs, wet soil, and abundant forbs. Needs dense understory for Aplodontia rufa californica Not Present. No appropriate habitat SSC food and cover and an abundant supply of water. Burrows into soft (Sierra Nevada mountain beaver) present. soil. This species is strongly associated with high elevations (>7,000 ft.) and steep gradient (>13.6%) streams (Beier 1989). Vulpes vulpes necator Dense vegetation and rocky areas are used for cover and den sites. Not Present. No appropriate habitat ST (Sierra Nevada red fox) Prefers forests interspersed with meadows or alpine fields. present. Gulo gulo Uses caves, logs, and burrows for den sites. Requires water source. Not Present. Study Area does not provide ST, CFP (California wolverine) Hunts in areas that are more open. Disperses long distances. suitable habitat.

Primarily inhabits mixed conifer forests composed of Douglas fir Martes pennanti Not Present. Study Area does not provide FC, SC SSC and associated . They prefer heavy stands of mixed species (Pacific fisher) suitable nesting habitat. of mature timber.

15 Biological Constraints Analysis, Coburn Crossing, June 2016 SPECIES STATUS* HABITAT REQUIREMENTS POTENTIAL FOR OCCURRENCE

Most abundant in drier open stages of most shrub, forest, and Not Present. No appropriate habitat Taxidea taxus herbaceous habitats, with friable soils. Needs sufficient food, friable SSC present. Study Area is too heavily (American badger) soils & open, uncultivated ground. Preys on burrowing rodents. Digs disturbed. burrows.

Birds**

Accipter gentilis Prefers dense, mature conifer and deciduous forest usually near Not Present. Study Area does not provide SSC (northern goshawk) open space. Usually nests on north facing slopes near water. suitable nesting habitat.

Aquila chrysaetos Nests in isolated large trees and cliffs. Forages in more open Not Present. No appropriate nesting CFP, BCC (golden eagle) country on small to medium-sized mammals. habitat present.

Low Potential. Suitably large bodies of water are not present within the Study Requires large bodies of water, or free-flowing rivers with abundant Area. Higher quality habitats are present in Haliaeetus leucocephalus SE, CFP, fish adjacent snags or other perches. Nests in large, old-growth, or the vicinity of the Study Area and this (bald eagle) BCC dominant live tree with open branches. species may occasionally be observed flying over the Study Area, but is unlikely to nest there.

Falco peregrinus anatum Requires protected cliffs and ledges for cover. Feeds on a variety of Not Present. Study Area does not provide CFP, BCC (American peregrine falcon) birds, and some mammals. suitable nesting habitat.

Low Potential. The Study Area does not Requires a combination of grassland or other open country for support the complex broad open areas that Asio otus foraging, and dense tall shrubs or trees for nesting and roosting. this species typically inhabits. No known SSC (long-eared owl) Pine stands and windbreaks or shelterbelts are favored winter roost occurrences or sightings of this species are habitat. documented within five miles of the Study Area (CNDDB 2016, eBird 2015)

Psiloscops flammeolus Prefers mature stands of ponderosa pines and Jeffrey pines with Not Present. Study Area does not provide BCC (flammulated owl) Douglas fir understory. suitable nesting habitat.

16 Biological Constraints Analysis, Coburn Crossing, June 2016 SPECIES STATUS* HABITAT REQUIREMENTS POTENTIAL FOR OCCURRENCE Largest owl in North America. Extremely rare, prefers dense mature Strix nebulosa Not Present. Study Area does not provide SE forest at edges of meadows. Known from Plumas County south to (great gray owl) suitable nesting habitat. Yosemite Park. Mixed conifer forest, often with an understory of black and Strix occidentalis occidentalis other deciduous hardwoods. Canopy closure >40%. Most often Not Present. Study Area does not provide SSC, BCC (California spotted owl) found in deep-shaded canyons, on north facing slopes, and within suitable nesting habitat. 300 meters of water.

Cypseloides niger Requires steep cliffs or ocean bluffs with ledges, cavities, or cracks Not Present. Study Area does not provide SSC, BCC (black swift) for nest sites. Nests are almost always behind waterfalls. suitable nesting habitat.

Found in a wide variety of habitats that provide -producing Low Potential. Suitable nesting and Selasphorus rufus BCC flowers. A common migrant and uncommon summer resident of foraging habitat is present in the Study (rufous hummingbird) California. Area.

Strongly associated with pine forests of the Transition and lower Low Potential. Suitable nesting and Picoides albolarvatus BCC Canadian life zones. Breed primarily between 4000 to 7500 feet in foraging habitat is present in the Study (white-headed woodpecker) elevation. Area.

Nesting habitats are mixed conifer, montane hardwood-conifer, Low Potential. Suitable nesting and Contopus cooperi Douglas fir, redwood, red fir, and lodgepole pine. Most numerous in SSC, BCC foraging habitat is present in the Study (-sided flycatcher) montane conifer forests where tall trees overlook canyons, Area. meadows, lakes or other open terrain. Inhabits extensive thickets of low, dense willows on edge of wet Empidonax traillii meadows, ponds, or backwaters; 2000-8000 elev. Requires dense Not Present. Study Area does not provide SE, BCC ( flycatcher) willow thickets for nesting/roosting. Low, exposed branches are suitable nesting habitat. used for singing posts/hunting perches.

Associated with riparian habitat, particularly willow and alder Setophaga petechia Not Present. Study Area does not provide SSC, BCC thickets in montane areas, and willow-cottonwood riparian at lower (yellow warbler) suitable nesting habitat. elevations.

17 Biological Constraints Analysis, Coburn Crossing, June 2016 SPECIES STATUS* HABITAT REQUIREMENTS POTENTIAL FOR OCCURRENCE Reptiles and Amphibians Found in sunny riverbanks, meadow streams, and isolated ponds of Rana sierrae the High Sierra usually higher than 4500 feet in elevation. Always Not Present. Study Area does not provide FE, ST Sierra Nevada yellow-legged frog encountered within a few feet of water. Tadpoles may require up to suitable habitat. two years to completely development. Fish Historically in all accessible cold waters of the Lahontan Basin in a Oncorhynchus clarkii henshawi wide variety of water temperatures and conditions. Cannot tolerate Not Present. Study Area does not provide FT (Lahontan cutthroat trout) presence of other salmonids. Requires gravel riffles in streams for suitable habitat. spawning. * Key to status codes: FE Federal Endangered FT Federal Threatened FC Federal Candidate BCC U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Bird of Conservation Concern SE State Endangered ST State Threatened SC State Candidate CFP CDFW Fully Protected SSC CDFW Species of Special Concern WBWG Western Bat Working Group Medium or High Priority Species

**All migratory birds are protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (50 CFR 10), which makes it unlawful to take, possess, buy, sell, purchase or barter any migratory bird, including feathers or other parts, nests, eggs or products, except as allowed by implementing regulations (50 CFR 21). In addition, Section 2080 of the California Fish and Game Code prohibits the killing of a listed species, and Sections 3503, 3503.5, and 3800 of the Fish and Game Code prohibit the take, possession, or destruction of birds, their nests, or eggs.

18 Biological Constraints Analysis, Coburn Crossing, June 2016

Table 3. Plant Species Observed During the June 15, 2016 Fieldwork Family Scientific Name Common Name Other Pinaceae Pinus contorta var. murrayana lodgepole pine Pinaceae Pinus jeffreyi Jeffrey pine maculatum poison hemlock Apiaceae altissimum tumbling mustard Asteraceae millefolium yarrow Asteraceae rosea rosy everlasting Asteraceae ssp. vaseyana mountain sagebrush Asteraceae viscidiflorus yellow rabbitbrush Asteraceae arvensis Canadian thistle Asteraceae bull thistle Asteraceae nauseosus rubber rabbitbrush Asteraceae (?) subalpine fleabane Asteraceae Gnaphalium palustre marsh gnaphalium Asteraceae serriola prickly Asteraceae vulgare ox-eye daisy Asteraceae glomerata tarweed Asteraceae discoidea pineapple weed Asteraceae campestre Asteraceae officinale dandelion Asteraceae pratense salsify Asteraceae mollis woolly mules ear Asteraceae strumarium cocklebur Boraginaceae (affinis?) cryptantha Boraginaceae Nemophila pedunculata baby blue-eyes Boraginaceae var. hastata silver- phacelia Boraginaceae cusickii meadow popcornflower Brassicaceae holboellii Holboell's rock-cress Brassicaceae sp. mustard Brassicaceae densiflorum pepperweed Chenopodiaceae album pigweed andromedea pinedrops americanus var. americanus (was Spanish- purshianus var. purshianus) Fabaceae Acmispon nevadensis var. nevadensis Nevada lotus Fabaceae lepidus var. confertus dwarf lupine Fabaceae alba sweetclover 19 Biological Constraints Analysis, Coburn Crossing, June 2016 Family Scientific Name Common Name Fabaceae bowl clover Grossulariaceae cereum var. cereum wax current lewisii sp. Mentzelia oregana checkerbloom Montiaceae ciliata red maids Montiaceae umbellatum pussy paws Montiaceae miner’s lettuce willow-herb Onagraceae fringed willow-herb Onagraceae Gayophytum racemosum black footed prairie smoke eriantha butter and eggs californica California poppy torreyi pink monkeyflower parviflora blue-eyed Mary Plantaginaceae rydbergii var. oreocharis Rydberg’s beardtongue Plantaginaceae peregrina ssp. xalapensis purslane speedwell whisker-brush Polemoniaceae gracilis graceful Polemoniaceae capillaris navarretia Polemoniaceae ssp. propinqua needle-leaved navarretia Polygonaceae var. nevadense buckwheat Polygonaceae douglasii Douglas’ knotweed Polygonaceae conglomeratus willow dock Polygonaceae (?) willow dock Rhamnaceae prostratus mahala mat Roseaceae Poteridium annuum western burnet Roseaceae virginiana western chokecherry Roseaceae bitterbrush Salix lemmonii Lemmon’s willow thapsus mullein Monocots Cyperaceae Carex aquatilis ssp. aquatilis leafy tussock sedge Cyperaceae Carex athrostachya long-bracted sedge Cyperaceae Carex pachystachya thickheaded sedge Cyperaceae Carex subfusca pale broom sedge Cyperaceae Eleocharis acicularis needle spikerush Juncaceae Juncus balticus ssp. ater Baltic rush Juncaceae Juncus bufonius var. bufonius toad rush

20 Biological Constraints Analysis, Coburn Crossing, June 2016 Family Scientific Name Common Name Juncaceae Juncus mexicanus Mexican rush Juncaceae Juncus occidentalis western rush Juncaceae Juncus uncialis inch-high rush Poaceae Bromus carinatus var. marginatus mountain brome Poaceae Bromus hordeaceus soft chess Poaceae Bromus tectorum cheatgrass Poaceae Deschampsia caespitosa tufted hairgrass Poaceae Elymus elymoides squirreltail Poaceae Hordeum brachyantherum ssp. brachyantherum meadow barley Poaceae Poa bulbosa bulbous bluegrass Poaceae Poa palustris fowl bluegrass Poaceae Poa pratensis Kentucky bluegrass Poaceae Poa secunda Nevada bluegrass Themidaceae Tritelia hyacinthina hyacinth brodiaea

21 Biological Constraints Analysis, Coburn Crossing, June 2016

Wildlife Survey Summary

22 Biological Constraints Analysis, Coburn Crossing, June 2016 Wetland Datasheets

23 Biological Constraints Analysis, Coburn Crossing, June 2016

24 Biological Constraints Analysis, Coburn Crossing, June 2016

25 Biological Constraints Analysis, Coburn Crossing, June 2016

26 Biological Constraints Analysis, Coburn Crossing, June 2016

Representative Photos (Taken June 15, 2016)

Ruderal Disturbed/Developed habitat type, taken from the eastern part of the property facing west.

The edge of the Jeffery Pine Woodland, taken from the western part of the property (near the cemetery) facing east.

27 Biological Constraints Analysis, Coburn Crossing, June 2016

Wet Meadow (wetland), taken from the eastern entrance to the property facing north toward the wetland.

Jeffery Pine Woodland, taken from the western part of the property (near the cemetery) facing west.

28