DOCSLIB.ORG

Amaranthaceae - Amaranth Family

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Amaranthaceae - Amaranth Family AMARANTHACEAE - AMARANTH FAMILY Plant: mostly herbs (annual or perennial) - some termed weeds such as the pigweeds; rarely shrubs, vines or trees Stem: Root: sometimes with tap root Leaves: mostly simple, mostly entire, alternate or opposite, may be curved, wavy, crinkled, or waxy; spines ± at base of leaves; no stipules Flowers: mostly perfect but sometimes imperfect (monoecious or dioecious); no petals; mostly 2-5 (rarely 0 or 1) sepals, greenish to purplish, inconspicuous in dense terminal clusters or spikes; bracts greenish and tough; stamens usually 5 or rarely less, usually matching sepals; ovary superior and 1 chambered, 1 pistil, carpels usually 2 or (3-5), 1-2+ styles or absent Fruit: 1- seeded utricle or nutlet, sometimes a capsule, berry or drupe Other: most abundant in tropics, locally introduced and especially common at borders of farm fields; Dicotyledons Group Genera: 69+ genera; locally Achyranthes, Alternanthera, Amaranthus (amaranth), Celosia, Froelichia (cottonweed), Iresine (bloodleaf) WARNING – family descriptions are only a layman’s guide and should not be used as definitive AMARANTHACEAE - AMARANTH FAMILY Green [Redroot] Amaranth [Rough Pigweed]; Amaranthus retroflexus L. Spiny Amaranth; Amaranthus spinosus L. Silverhead [Saltweed]; Blutaparon vermiculare (L.) Mears Plains [Field] Snakecotton [Cottonweed]; Froelichia floridana (Nutt.) Moq. Slender Snakecotton [Cottonweed]; Froelichia gracilis (Hook.) Moq. Juda's Bush [Eastern Bloodleaf]; Iresine rhizomatosa Standl. Green [Redroot] Amaranth [Rough Pigweed] USDA Amaranthus retroflexus L. Amaranthaceae (Amaranth Family) Maumee River Metroparks, Lucas County, Ohio Notes: 5 sepaled flower (no petals), green, monoecious, many lateral floral branchlets on terminal spike; leaves ovate-lanceolate, petioles long; stem and leaf stalk hairy, no nodal spines; common plant, especially at edges of cultivated fields (also called Careless Weed, Wild-Beet, Rough Green Pigweed); summer to fall [V Max Brown, 2005] Spiny Amaranth USDA Amaranthus spinosus L. (Introduced) Amaranthaceae (Amaranth Family) Sam A. Baker State Park, Wayne County, Missouri Notes: no petals, 5 green sepals, flowers in clusters and both terminal (usually staminate) and in axils or nodes (usually pistillate); leaves lanceolate to elliptical, widest below middle; stems often branching, usually a pair of spines at axils or nodes; tall plant often in disturbed areas; summer to fall [V Max Brown, 2006] Silverhead [Saltweed] USDA Blutaparon vermiculare (L.) Mears Amaranthaceae (Amaranth Family) Cedar Key, Levy county, Florida Notes: vine; dioecious; inflorescences white to pink (drying silver-white), cylindrical, composed of tepals; leaves opposite, fleshy, linear to somewhat lanceolate; stem mostly prostrate, fleshy, glabrous and branching; a costal, salt tolerant plant; year round flowering [V Max Brown, 2012] Plains [Field] Snakecotton USDA [Cottonweed] Froelichia floridana (Nutt.) Moq. Amaranthaceae (Amaranth Family) Alley Springs, Ozark National Riverways, Shannon County, Missouri Notes: no petals, 5-lobed flask-shaped calyx, small opening at top, calyx tube with deeply toothed longitudinal wings on the sides (see photo on right); leaves lanceolate, largest leaves up to 3 cm wide; stems often branching from base, up to 2 m; cottony (hairy) plant; summer to early fall [V Max Brown, 2010] Slender Snakecotton [Cottonweed] USDA Froelichia gracilis (Hook.) Moq. Amaranthaceae (Amaranth Family) Wire Road Conservation Area, Stone County, Missouri Notes: no petals, calyx conical shaped, small opening at top, sessile, rows of sharp spines; leaves lanceolate, largest leaves up to 15 mm wide, 12 cm long, mostly lanceolate; stems often branching from base, up to 70+ cm; cottony (hairy) plant; late spring to early fall [V Max Brown, 2014] Juda's Bush [Eastern Bloodleaf] USDA Iresine rhizomatosa Standl. Amaranthaceae (Amaranth Family) Busiek State Forest and Wildlife Area, Christian County, Missouri Notes: dioecious; inflorescences terminal and in upper axils, flowers small and white; leaves opposite, petiolate, mostly ovate, thin, entire or finely toothed; bottomlands and stream banks; late summer to fall [V Max Brown, 2010].
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Caryophyllales 2018 Instituto De Biología, UNAM September 17-23
    Caryophyllales 2018 Instituto de Biología, UNAM September 17-23 LOCAL ORGANIZERS Hilda Flores-Olvera, Salvador Arias and Helga Ochoterena, IBUNAM ORGANIZING COMMITTEE Walter G. Berendsohn and Sabine von Mering, BGBM, Berlin, Germany Patricia Hernández-Ledesma, INECOL-Unidad Pátzcuaro, México Gilberto Ocampo, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, México Ivonne Sánchez del Pino, CICY, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE Thomas Borsch, BGBM, Germany Fernando O. Zuloaga, Instituto de Botánica Darwinion, Argentina Victor Sánchez Cordero, IBUNAM, México Cornelia Klak, Bolus Herbarium, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa Hossein Akhani, Department of Plant Sciences, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Iran Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Moscow State University, Russia Michael J. Moore, Oberlin College, USA Compilation: Helga Ochoterena / Graphic Design: Julio C. Montero, Diana Martínez GENERAL PROGRAM . 4 MONDAY Monday’s Program . 7 Monday’s Abstracts . 9 TUESDAY Tuesday ‘s Program . 16 Tuesday’s Abstracts . 19 WEDNESDAY Wednesday’s Program . 32 Wednesday’s Abstracs . 35 POSTERS Posters’ Abstracts . 47 WORKSHOPS Workshop 1 . 61 Workshop 2 . 62 PARTICIPANTS . 63 GENERAL INFORMATION . 66 4 Caryophyllales 2018 Caryophyllales General program Monday 17 Tuesday 18 Wednesday 19 Thursday 20 Friday 21 Saturday 22 Sunday 23 Workshop 1 Workshop 2 9:00-10:00 Key note talks Walter G. Michael J. Moore, Berendsohn, Sabine Ya Yang, Diego F. Registration
    [Show full text]
  • Cotton-Tails
    Invasive plant risk assessment Biosecurity Queensland Agriculture Fisheries and Pest plant risk assessment Department of Cotton-tails Froelichia floridana and F. gracilis Steve Csurhes and Dr Yuchan Zhoe First published 2008 Updated 2016 PR08–3673 © State of Queensland, 2016. The Queensland Government supports and encourages the dissemination and exchange of its information. The copyright in this publication is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia (CC BY) licence. You must keep intact the copyright notice and attribute the State of Queensland as the source of the publication. Note: Some content in this publication may have different licence terms as indicated. For more information on this licence visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/au/ deed.en" http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/au/deed.en Cover image courtesy Wikimedia Commons Invasive plant risk assessment: Cotton-tails Froelichia floridana and F. gracilis 2 Contents Summary 3 Identity and taxonomy 4 Description 5 Native range and worldwide distribution 6 Preferred climate 10 Ecology and preferred habitat 10 Reproduction and dispersal 10 History as a weed overseas 10 Current impact in Queensland 11 Potential impact in Queensland 11 Use 12 References 12 Pest plant risk assessment: Cotton-tails Froelichia floridana and F. gracilis 3 Summary Froelichia floridana and F. gracilis (cotton-tails) are annual, or short-lived perennial, plants native to the semi-arid, inland prairies of North America. Within their native range, they are quick to colonise any open, disturbed habitats with dry, sandy soils. Both F. floridana and F. gracilis are considered to be agricultural weeds in parts of North America, where their range has expanded as a result of human activity.
    [Show full text]
  • On the Submersion of Dicraurus Into Iresine (Amaranthaceae) James Henrickson California State University, Los Angeles
    Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Volume 11 | Issue 3 Article 7 1986 On the Submersion of Dicraurus into Iresine (Amaranthaceae) James Henrickson California State University, Los Angeles Scott undS berg The University of Texas at Austin Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Henrickson, James and Sundberg, Scott (1986) On" the Submersion of Dicraurus into Iresine (Amaranthaceae)," Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany: Vol. 11: Iss. 3, Article 7. Available at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso/vol11/iss3/7 ALISO 11(3), 1986, pp. 355-364 ON THE SUBMERSION OF DICRAURUS INTO lRESINE (AMARANTHACEAE) JAMES HENRICKSON Department of Biology, California State University Los Angeles, California 90032 AND SCOTT SUNDBERG Department of Botany, University of Texas Austin, Texas 78712 ABSTRACT The two species of Dicraurus Hook. f. (Amaranthaceae) are shown to be more closely related to different species in Iresine L. than they are to one another. In addition, characters used to distinguish Dicraurus are more widespread within Iresine than was formerly thought, necessitating the merger of Dicraurus into Iresine. The two species as placed in Iresine are I. alternifolia S. Wats. and I. leptociada (Hook. f.) Henrickson & Sundberg. Complete descriptions and distribution maps of the two species are included. Key words: Amaranthaceae, Dicraurus, Iresine, plant systematics. INTRODUCTION The genus Dicraurus Hook. f., consisting of a single species, D. leptocladus Hook. f. (Fig. 1a), was separated from Iresine on the basis of four characteristics: sessile stigmas, subglobose seeds, broadly concave cotyledons, and alternate leaves (Bentham and Hooker 1880).
    [Show full text]
  • ORNAMENTAL GARDEN PLANTS of the GUIANAS: an Historical Perspective of Selected Garden Plants from Guyana, Surinam and French Guiana
    f ORNAMENTAL GARDEN PLANTS OF THE GUIANAS: An Historical Perspective of Selected Garden Plants from Guyana, Surinam and French Guiana Vf•-L - - •• -> 3H. .. h’ - — - ' - - V ' " " - 1« 7-. .. -JZ = IS^ X : TST~ .isf *“**2-rt * * , ' . / * 1 f f r m f l r l. Robert A. DeFilipps D e p a r t m e n t o f B o t a n y Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. \ 1 9 9 2 ORNAMENTAL GARDEN PLANTS OF THE GUIANAS Table of Contents I. Map of the Guianas II. Introduction 1 III. Basic Bibliography 14 IV. Acknowledgements 17 V. Maps of Guyana, Surinam and French Guiana VI. Ornamental Garden Plants of the Guianas Gymnosperms 19 Dicotyledons 24 Monocotyledons 205 VII. Title Page, Maps and Plates Credits 319 VIII. Illustration Credits 321 IX. Common Names Index 345 X. Scientific Names Index 353 XI. Endpiece ORNAMENTAL GARDEN PLANTS OF THE GUIANAS Introduction I. Historical Setting of the Guianan Plant Heritage The Guianas are embedded high in the green shoulder of northern South America, an area once known as the "Wild Coast". They are the only non-Latin American countries in South America, and are situated just north of the Equator in a configuration with the Amazon River of Brazil to the south and the Orinoco River of Venezuela to the west. The three Guianas comprise, from west to east, the countries of Guyana (area: 83,000 square miles; capital: Georgetown), Surinam (area: 63, 037 square miles; capital: Paramaribo) and French Guiana (area: 34, 740 square miles; capital: Cayenne). Perhaps the earliest physical contact between Europeans and the present-day Guianas occurred in 1500 when the Spanish navigator Vincente Yanez Pinzon, after discovering the Amazon River, sailed northwest and entered the Oyapock River, which is now the eastern boundary of French Guiana.
    [Show full text]
  • Lyonia Preserve Plant Checklist
    Lyonia Preserve Plant Checklist Volusia County, Florida Aceraceae (Maple) Asteraceae (Aster) Red Maple Acer rubrum Bitterweed Helenium amarum Blackroot Pterocaulon virgatum Agavaceae (Yucca) Blazing Star Liatris sp. Adam's Needle Yucca filamentosa Blazing Star Liatris tenuifolia Nolina Nolina brittoniana Camphorweed Heterotheca subaxillaris Spanish Bayonet Yucca aloifolia Cudweed Gnaphalium falcatum Dog Fennel Eupatorium capillifolium Amaranthaceae (Amaranth) Dwarf Horseweed Conyza candensis Cottonweed Froelichia floridana False Dandelion Pyrrhopappus carolinianus Fireweed Erechtites hieracifolia Anacardiaceae (Cashew) Garberia Garberia heterophylla Winged Sumac Rhus copallina Goldenaster Pityopsis graminifolia Goldenrod Solidago chapmanii Annonaceae (Custard Apple) Goldenrod Solidago fistulosa Flag Paw paw Asimina obovata Goldenrod Solidago spp. Mohr's Throughwort Eupatorium mohrii Apiaceae (Celery) Ragweed Ambrosia artemisiifolia Dollarweed Hydrocotyle sp. Saltbush Baccharis halimifolia Spanish Needles Bidens alba Apocynaceae (Dogbane) Wild Lettuce Lactuca graminifolia Periwinkle Catharathus roseus Brassicaceae (Mustard) Aquifoliaceae (Holly) Poorman's Pepper Lepidium virginicum Gallberry Ilex glabra Sand Holly Ilex ambigua Bromeliaceae (Airplant) Scrub Holly Ilex opaca var. arenicola Ball Moss Tillandsia recurvata Spanish Moss Tillandsia usneoides Arecaceae (Palm) Saw Palmetto Serenoa repens Cactaceae (Cactus) Scrub Palmetto Sabal etonia Prickly Pear Opuntia humifusa Asclepiadaceae (Milkweed) Caesalpinceae Butterfly Weed Asclepias
    [Show full text]
  • (Amaranthaceae) in Italy. V. Atriplex Tornabenei
    Phytotaxa 145 (1): 54–60 (2013) ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/ Article PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2013 Magnolia Press ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.145.1.6 Studies on the genus Atriplex (Amaranthaceae) in Italy. V. Atriplex tornabenei DUILIO IAMONICO1 1 Laboratory of Phytogeography and Applied Geobotany, Department PDTA, Section Environment and Landscape, University of Rome Sapienza, 00196 Roma, Italy. Email: [email protected] Abstract The typification of the name Atriplex tornabenei (a nomen novum pro A. arenaria) is discussed. An illustration by Cupani is designated as the lectotype, while a specimen from FI is designated as the epitype. Chorological and morphological notes in comparison with the related species A. rosea and A. tatarica are also provided. A nomenclatural change (Atriplex tornabenei subsp. pedunculata stat. nov.) is proposed. Key words: Atriplex tornabenei var. pedunculata, epitype, infraspecific variability, lectotype, Mediterranean, nomenclatural change, nomen novum Introduction Atriplex Linnaeus (1753: 1054) is a genus of about 260 species distributed in arid and semiarid regions of Eurasia, America and Australia (Sukhorukov & Danin 2009). Several names (at species, subspecies, variety and form ranks) were described related to the high phenotipic variability of this critical genus (Al-Turki et al. 2000). As conseguence, misapplication of names and nomenclatural disorders exist and need clarification. In this paper, the identity of the A. tornabenei Tineo ex Gussone (1843: 589) is discussed as part of the treatment of the genus Atriplex for the new edition of the Italian Flora (editor, Prof. S. Pignatti) and within the initiative “Italian Loci Classici Census” (Domina et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Understanding the Weedy Chenopodium Complex in the North Central States
    UNDERSTANDING THE WEEDY CHENOPODIUM COMPLEX IN THE NORTH CENTRAL STATES BY SUKHVINDER SINGH DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Crop Sciences in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2010 Urbana, Illinois Doctoral Committee: Professor Patrick J. Tranel, Chair Associate Professor Aaron G. Hager Associate Professor Geoffrey A. Levin Assistant Professor Matthew E. Hudson ABSTRACT The genus Chenopodium consists of several important weed species, including Chenopodium album, C. berlandieri, C. strictum, and C. ficifolium. All of these species share similar vegetative morphology and high phenotypic plasticity, which makes it difficult to correctly identify these species. All of these weedy Chenopodium species have developed resistance to one or more classes of herbicides. An experiment was conducted to determine if there is variability in response of Chenopodium species present in the North Central states to glyphosate. Our results indicate variable responses within and among the Chenopodium species. Species such as C. berlandieri and C. ficifolium had higher levels of tolerance to glyphosate than did various accessions of C. album. In another experiment, 33 populations of Chenopodium sampled across six North Central states were screened with glyphosate. The results showed variable responses to glyphosate within and among the Chenopodium populations. In general, the Chenopodium populations from Iowa were more tolerant, but some biotypes from North Dakota, Indiana and Kansas also had significantly high tolerance to glyphosate. Given there are species other than C. album that have high tolerance to glyphosate, and there are Chenopodium populations across the North Central states that showed tolerance to glyphosate, one intriguing question was to whether the Chenopodium populations were either biotypes of C.
    [Show full text]
  • SPECIES L RESEARCH ARTICLE
    SPECIES l RESEARCH ARTICLE Species Sexual systems, pollination 22(69), 2021 modes and fruiting ecology of three common herbaceous weeds, Aerva lanata (L.) Juss. Ex Schult., Allmania nodiflora (L.) To Cite: Solomon Raju AJ, Mohini Rani S, Lakshminarayana G, R.Br. and Pupalia lappacea (L.) Venkata Ramana K. Sexual systems, pollination modes and fruiting ecology of three common herbaceous weeds, Aerva lanata (L.) Juss. Ex Schult., Allmania nodiflora (L.) R.Br. and Juss. (Family Amaranthaceae: Pupalia lappacea (L.) Juss. (Family Amaranthaceae: Sub-family Amaranthoideae). Species, 2021, 22(69), 43-55 Sub-family Amaranthoideae) Author Affiliation: 1,2Department of Environmental Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530 003, India Solomon Raju AJ1, Mohini Rani S2, Lakshminarayana 3Department of Environmental Sciences, Gayathri Vidya Parishad College for Degree & P.G. Courses (Autonomous), G3, Venkata Ramana K4 M.V.P. Colony, Visakhapatnam 530 017, India 4Department of Botany, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530 003, India ABSTRACT Correspondent author: A.J. Solomon Raju, Mobile: 91-9866256682 Aerva lanata and Pupalia lappacea are perennial herbs while Allmania nodiflora is an Email:[email protected] annual herb. A. lanata is dioecious with bisexual and female plants while P. lappacea and A. nodiflora are hermaphroditic. In P. lappacea, the flowers are borne as triads Peer-Review History with one hermaphroditic fertile flower and two sterile flowers alternately along the Received: 25 December 2020 entire length of racemose inflorescence. A. lanata and A. nodiflora flowers are Reviewed & Revised: 26/December/2020 to 27/January/2021 nectariferous while P. lappacea flowers are nectarless. The hermaphroditic flowers of Accepted: 28 January 2021 Published: February 2021 A.
    [Show full text]
  • THE COMPOST BIN March 2007
    A publication of... TRAVIS COUNTY MASTER GARDENERS THE COMPOST BIN March 2007 Speaker for March: Michael J. Hansen Michael Hansen has been an active student of the bonsai art for 35 years, and he has 24 years of experience as a bonsai teacher and lecturer. He is Internationally recognized as a leader in the community of bonsai enthusiasts and is a recognized bonsai artist. Michael has received many awards and recognitions for his work including: -Outstanding American Bonsai Artist Award in 1987 -Minnesota Best of Show Awards in 1980, 1982, 1983 and 1984 -Award of Merit in 1983 at the Midwest Bon- sai Show in Chicago, IL . -Invited Exhibitor at the International Bonsai Congresses in 1987, 1988, 1992 and 1993. As co-founder and co-owner of the Midwest Bonsai Pottery and MBP Bonsai Studio, Mi- chael is one of two bonsai nurseryman in the US licensed in 2003 by the USDA to import bonsai under quarantine from Asia. Michael is deeply involved in all things bon- sai and his current focus is: - Refining understanding of horticultural requirements and styling of Japanese Black Pine for Americans - Maintaining a good working relationship between the USDA and bonsai im- porters. - Refining bonsai teaching techniques using modern business tools. - Studying Bonsai in Japan and in the US annually - Teaching Bonsai to Clubs and individuals at every opportunity Jerry Naiser Message From the President... March Madness is here! We have so many great opportunities to get out and meet people this month, that we could have a record-breaking year for our edu- cational impact.
    [Show full text]
  • Amaranthaceae Amaranth Family
    Amaranthaceae Amaranth Family Mostly ruderal annuals, there are 900 species in 65 genera. A single genus reaches Nova Scotia. Their flowers are inconspicuous, green and apetalous, subtended by papery bracts. Flowers are unisexual Page | 108 although the plants are monoecious. The terminal inflorescence is brushlike or axillary. A single lens- shaped achene is produced. Some are flowering ornamentals, such as Celosia and Love-lies-bleeding (Amaranthus caudatus) and others are used for grain. Amaranthus L. Three of 50 species have been introduced into Nova Scotia. Key to species A. A. Plants slender, branching diffusely; flowers in small axillary clusters; Amaranthus albus seeds small, <0.8mm wide. aa. Plants robust, erect; flowers in large terminal inflorescences; seeds >1mm B wide. B. Leaves green beneath; sepals pointed. A. hybridus bb. Leaves whitish beneath; sepals truncate. A. retroflexus Amaranthus albus L. Tumbleweed; amarante blanche An erect herb, its stems are freely branching. Leaves are elliptic or oblanceolate, borne on petioles. Flowers are arranged in dense axillary clusters. July to October, on disturbed soils. Uncommon and appearing as a garden weed or about railways. Collected from Truro, Wentworth, Windsor and Kentville. Ranges from western Canada to Mexico. Introduced throughout most of the continent. 3-2 Amaranthaceae Amaranthus hybridus L. Green Amaranth; amarante verte Tall and robust, its stem reaches to 2m in height, often branching freely. Stems are scaly or lightly pubescent Page | 109 especially in the inflorescence. Flowers are reddish, not showy. Leaves are elliptic and petiolate. August to October. A weed of disturbed soils and cultivated fields. It is limited to a few well-established populations: Morristown and other communities in Kings Co.
    [Show full text]
  • Beta Vulgaris ​(Common Beet) Class:Magnoliopsida Order
    Beta vulgaris ​(Common Beet) Class:Magnoliopsida Order: Caryophyllales Family: Amaranthaceae Genus: Beta Species: ​Beta vulgaris Beet seeds Common Varieties: Bull’s Blood, Golden, Chioggia, Detroit Dark Red How to Save Seed Beets are a ​biennial ​crop, meaning they require two years to complete their full growing cycle. However, most growers never see this second stage of life because beets are harvested for food during the first year. The second year heralds seed production. To save the seeds from ​beta vulgaris​, the beets themselves must be ​overwintered​. This process, unique to perennial and biennial crops, requires that the taproot of the ​beta vulgaris ​(the edible part of the beet) be stored in a protected place during the winter months. ​A Seed Saving Guide ​asserts that the optimal temperature range for winter storage is between 35-38F at 90-95% humidity. The roots may be stored in sawdust or wood shavings to minimize rot. This allows the plant to enter a period of dormancy​—during this time, the plant’s energy will be diverted to the next year’s seed production. In Spring, plant the overwintered beets outside in a well-watered trench. Because beets are ​wind-pollinated​, they should be planted in a block formation rather than a straight row to ensure proper pollination. The Seed Saver’s Exchange Seed Saving Guide specifies that the ​isolation distance ​(the distance between different varieties of beets) must be over 800 feet. Adhering to this distance is critical—without it, there is potential for varieties to ​cross-pollinate​, meaning the genetic integrity of the beet variety will be compromised.
    [Show full text]
  • Table 4: Pollen-Types in Amaranthaceae by Mittre (1963). Amaranthus-Type
    Table 4: Pollen-types in Amaranthaceae by Mittre (1963). Amaranthus-type Amaranthus- type sensu stricto Cyathula-type Celosia-type Pollen Faintly to moderately granulate Prominently granulate Baculariate morphological characters: Sexine pattern Total number of 5 2 2 genera studied Genera Amaranthus spinosus L., Cyathula prostrate (L.) Blume, Celosia argentea L., C. cristata L., A. viridis L., A. tricolor L., C. capitata Moq., Allmania albida (Willd.) R.Br. ex Hook.f., A. hybridus L., Deeringia celosioides R.Br. A. nodiflora (L.) R.Br. ex Wight. A. polygamous L., A. tenuifolius Willd., A. spinosus L., Achyranthes aspera L., A. bidentata Blume, Aerva lanata (L.) Juss., A. sanguinolenta (L.) Blume, A. tomentosa Forssk., A. javanica (Burm.f.) Juss. ex Schult., A. monsoniae (L. f.) Mart., Digera arvensis Forssk., Pupalia lappacea (L.) Juss., P. atropurpurea (Lam.) Moq. 22 Table 4: Continued. Gomphrena-type Gomphrena-type sensu stricto Alternanthera-type Not included in any group Pollen reticulate several meshes, without reticulate with few meshes, without reticulate with several meshes and spinulate morphological spinules spinules characters: Sexine pattern Total number of 1 1 1 genera studied Genera Gomphrena globosa L., Alternanthera sessilis (L.) R.Br. ex DC., Psilotrichum ferrugineum (Roxb.) Moq. G. celosioides Mart. A. repens J.F.Gmel. 2 3 Table 5: Pollen-types in Centrospermae by Nowicke (1975). Type I Type II Type III Pollen morphological 3- Colpate Pantoporate Pantocolpate characters: apertures Family studied Aizoaceae, Cactaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Amaranthaceae, Cactaceae, Basellaceae, Cactaceae, Molluginaceae, Nyctaginaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Molluginaceae, Nyctaginaceae, Phytolaccaceae, Portulacaceae Dysphaniaceae, Nyctaginaceae, Phytolaccaceae, Portulacaceae Phytolaccaceae, Portulacaceae Genera studied in 11 Amaranthaceae Species studied in Amaranthus spinosus L., Amaranthaceae Aerva leucura Moq., Allmania nodiflora (L.) R.Br.
    [Show full text]