Guide to the Genera of Lianas and Climbing Plants in the Neotropics
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Alternanthera Philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb
A WEED REPORT from the book Weed Control in Natural Areas in the Western United States This WEED REPORT does not constitute a formal recommendation. When using herbicides always read the label, and when in doubt consult your farm advisor or county agent. This WEED REPORT is an excerpt from the book Weed Control in Natural Areas in the Western United States and is available wholesale through the UC Weed Research & Information Center (wric.ucdavis.edu) or retail through the Western Society of Weed Science (wsweedscience.org) or the California Invasive Species Council (cal-ipc.org). Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb. Alligatorweed Family: Amaranthaceae Range: Mainly in the southeastern states, but also in California. Habitat: Shallow water in ditches, marshes, pond margins, and slow- moving waterways. May also be found terrestrially in wet soils. It can tolerate saline conditions up to 10% salt by volume. Alligatorweed requires a warm summer growing condition but can survive cold winters provided there are no prolonged periods of freezing temperatures. Origin: Native to South America. Impact: Alligatorweed forms dense floating mats on the surface of water Photo courtesy of Richard Old that decrease light penetration and change the natural ecology at the site. It also competes with native vegetation, can cause flooding, and has the potential to create anoxic conditions, increase mosquito breeding, and harbor diseases. Western states listed as Noxious Weed: Arizona, California California Invasive Plant Council (Cal-IPC) Inventory: High Invasiveness (Alert) Alligatorweed is an aquatic perennial that also has a terrestrial form. The aquatic form roots in shallow water and rarely grows in water deeper than 6 ft. -
Caryophyllales 2018 Instituto De Biología, UNAM September 17-23
Caryophyllales 2018 Instituto de Biología, UNAM September 17-23 LOCAL ORGANIZERS Hilda Flores-Olvera, Salvador Arias and Helga Ochoterena, IBUNAM ORGANIZING COMMITTEE Walter G. Berendsohn and Sabine von Mering, BGBM, Berlin, Germany Patricia Hernández-Ledesma, INECOL-Unidad Pátzcuaro, México Gilberto Ocampo, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, México Ivonne Sánchez del Pino, CICY, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE Thomas Borsch, BGBM, Germany Fernando O. Zuloaga, Instituto de Botánica Darwinion, Argentina Victor Sánchez Cordero, IBUNAM, México Cornelia Klak, Bolus Herbarium, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa Hossein Akhani, Department of Plant Sciences, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Iran Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Moscow State University, Russia Michael J. Moore, Oberlin College, USA Compilation: Helga Ochoterena / Graphic Design: Julio C. Montero, Diana Martínez GENERAL PROGRAM . 4 MONDAY Monday’s Program . 7 Monday’s Abstracts . 9 TUESDAY Tuesday ‘s Program . 16 Tuesday’s Abstracts . 19 WEDNESDAY Wednesday’s Program . 32 Wednesday’s Abstracs . 35 POSTERS Posters’ Abstracts . 47 WORKSHOPS Workshop 1 . 61 Workshop 2 . 62 PARTICIPANTS . 63 GENERAL INFORMATION . 66 4 Caryophyllales 2018 Caryophyllales General program Monday 17 Tuesday 18 Wednesday 19 Thursday 20 Friday 21 Saturday 22 Sunday 23 Workshop 1 Workshop 2 9:00-10:00 Key note talks Walter G. Michael J. Moore, Berendsohn, Sabine Ya Yang, Diego F. Registration -
On the Submersion of Dicraurus Into Iresine (Amaranthaceae) James Henrickson California State University, Los Angeles
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Volume 11 | Issue 3 Article 7 1986 On the Submersion of Dicraurus into Iresine (Amaranthaceae) James Henrickson California State University, Los Angeles Scott undS berg The University of Texas at Austin Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Henrickson, James and Sundberg, Scott (1986) On" the Submersion of Dicraurus into Iresine (Amaranthaceae)," Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany: Vol. 11: Iss. 3, Article 7. Available at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso/vol11/iss3/7 ALISO 11(3), 1986, pp. 355-364 ON THE SUBMERSION OF DICRAURUS INTO lRESINE (AMARANTHACEAE) JAMES HENRICKSON Department of Biology, California State University Los Angeles, California 90032 AND SCOTT SUNDBERG Department of Botany, University of Texas Austin, Texas 78712 ABSTRACT The two species of Dicraurus Hook. f. (Amaranthaceae) are shown to be more closely related to different species in Iresine L. than they are to one another. In addition, characters used to distinguish Dicraurus are more widespread within Iresine than was formerly thought, necessitating the merger of Dicraurus into Iresine. The two species as placed in Iresine are I. alternifolia S. Wats. and I. leptociada (Hook. f.) Henrickson & Sundberg. Complete descriptions and distribution maps of the two species are included. Key words: Amaranthaceae, Dicraurus, Iresine, plant systematics. INTRODUCTION The genus Dicraurus Hook. f., consisting of a single species, D. leptocladus Hook. f. (Fig. 1a), was separated from Iresine on the basis of four characteristics: sessile stigmas, subglobose seeds, broadly concave cotyledons, and alternate leaves (Bentham and Hooker 1880). -
ORNAMENTAL GARDEN PLANTS of the GUIANAS: an Historical Perspective of Selected Garden Plants from Guyana, Surinam and French Guiana
f ORNAMENTAL GARDEN PLANTS OF THE GUIANAS: An Historical Perspective of Selected Garden Plants from Guyana, Surinam and French Guiana Vf•-L - - •• -> 3H. .. h’ - — - ' - - V ' " " - 1« 7-. .. -JZ = IS^ X : TST~ .isf *“**2-rt * * , ' . / * 1 f f r m f l r l. Robert A. DeFilipps D e p a r t m e n t o f B o t a n y Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. \ 1 9 9 2 ORNAMENTAL GARDEN PLANTS OF THE GUIANAS Table of Contents I. Map of the Guianas II. Introduction 1 III. Basic Bibliography 14 IV. Acknowledgements 17 V. Maps of Guyana, Surinam and French Guiana VI. Ornamental Garden Plants of the Guianas Gymnosperms 19 Dicotyledons 24 Monocotyledons 205 VII. Title Page, Maps and Plates Credits 319 VIII. Illustration Credits 321 IX. Common Names Index 345 X. Scientific Names Index 353 XI. Endpiece ORNAMENTAL GARDEN PLANTS OF THE GUIANAS Introduction I. Historical Setting of the Guianan Plant Heritage The Guianas are embedded high in the green shoulder of northern South America, an area once known as the "Wild Coast". They are the only non-Latin American countries in South America, and are situated just north of the Equator in a configuration with the Amazon River of Brazil to the south and the Orinoco River of Venezuela to the west. The three Guianas comprise, from west to east, the countries of Guyana (area: 83,000 square miles; capital: Georgetown), Surinam (area: 63, 037 square miles; capital: Paramaribo) and French Guiana (area: 34, 740 square miles; capital: Cayenne). Perhaps the earliest physical contact between Europeans and the present-day Guianas occurred in 1500 when the Spanish navigator Vincente Yanez Pinzon, after discovering the Amazon River, sailed northwest and entered the Oyapock River, which is now the eastern boundary of French Guiana. -
Chloroplast in Plant-Virus Interaction
REVIEW published: 04 October 2016 doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01565 Chloroplast in Plant-Virus Interaction Jinping Zhao 1, 2, Xian Zhang 3, Yiguo Hong 3 and Yule Liu 1* 1 MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Plant Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, 2 State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China, 3 Research Centre for Plant RNA Signaling, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China In plants, the chloroplast is the organelle that conducts photosynthesis. It has been known that chloroplast is involved in virus infection of plants for approximate 70 years. Recently, the subject of chloroplast-virus interplay is getting more and more attention. In this article we discuss the different aspects of chloroplast-virus interaction into three sections: the effect of virus infection on the structure and function of chloroplast, the role of chloroplast in virus infection cycle, and the function of chloroplast in host defense against viruses. In particular, we focus on the characterization of chloroplast protein-viral protein interactions that underlie the interplay between chloroplast and virus. It can be summarized that chloroplast is a common target of plant viruses for viral pathogenesis or propagation; and conversely, chloroplast and its components also can play active Edited by: Nobuhiro Suzuki, roles in plant defense against viruses. Chloroplast photosynthesis-related genes/proteins Okayama University, Japan (CPRGs/CPRPs) are suggested to play a central role during the complex chloroplast-virus Reviewed by: interaction. -
Amaranthaceae As a Bioindicator of Neotropical Savannah Diversity
Chapter 10 Amaranthaceae as a Bioindicator of Neotropical Savannah Diversity Suzane M. Fank-de-Carvalho, Sônia N. Báo and Maria Salete Marchioretto Additional information is available at the end of the chapter http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/48455 1. Introduction Brazil is the first in a ranking of 17 countries in megadiversity of plants, having 17,630 endemic species among a total of 31,162 Angiosperm species [1], distributed in five Biomes. One of them is the Cerrado, which is recognized as a World Priority Hotspot for Conservation because it has around 4,400 endemic plants – almost 50% of the total number of species – and consists largely of savannah, woodland/savannah and dry forest ecosystems [2,3]. It is estimated that Brazil has over 60,000 plant species and, due to the climate and other environmental conditions, some tropical representatives of families which also occur in the temperate zone are very different in appearance [4]. The Cerrado Biome is a tropical ecosystem that occupies about 2 million km² (from 3-24° Lat. S and from 41-43° Long. W), located mainly on the central Brazilian Plateau, which has a hot, semi-humid and markedly seasonal climate, varying from a dry winter season (from April to September) to a rainy summer (from October to March) [5-7]. The variety of landscape – from tall savannah woodland to low open grassland with no woody plants - supports the richest flora among the world’s savannahs (more than 7,000 native species of vascular plants) and a high degree of endemism [6,8]. This Biome is the most extensive savannah region in South America (the Neotropical Savannah) and it includes a mosaic of vegetation types, varying from a closed canopy forest (“cerradão”) to areas with few grasses and more scrub and trees (“cerrado sensu stricto”), grassland with scattered scrub and few trees (“campo sujo”) and grassland with little scrub and no trees (“campo limpo”) [3,9]. -
(Amaranthaceae) in Italy. V. Atriplex Tornabenei
Phytotaxa 145 (1): 54–60 (2013) ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/ Article PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2013 Magnolia Press ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.145.1.6 Studies on the genus Atriplex (Amaranthaceae) in Italy. V. Atriplex tornabenei DUILIO IAMONICO1 1 Laboratory of Phytogeography and Applied Geobotany, Department PDTA, Section Environment and Landscape, University of Rome Sapienza, 00196 Roma, Italy. Email: [email protected] Abstract The typification of the name Atriplex tornabenei (a nomen novum pro A. arenaria) is discussed. An illustration by Cupani is designated as the lectotype, while a specimen from FI is designated as the epitype. Chorological and morphological notes in comparison with the related species A. rosea and A. tatarica are also provided. A nomenclatural change (Atriplex tornabenei subsp. pedunculata stat. nov.) is proposed. Key words: Atriplex tornabenei var. pedunculata, epitype, infraspecific variability, lectotype, Mediterranean, nomenclatural change, nomen novum Introduction Atriplex Linnaeus (1753: 1054) is a genus of about 260 species distributed in arid and semiarid regions of Eurasia, America and Australia (Sukhorukov & Danin 2009). Several names (at species, subspecies, variety and form ranks) were described related to the high phenotipic variability of this critical genus (Al-Turki et al. 2000). As conseguence, misapplication of names and nomenclatural disorders exist and need clarification. In this paper, the identity of the A. tornabenei Tineo ex Gussone (1843: 589) is discussed as part of the treatment of the genus Atriplex for the new edition of the Italian Flora (editor, Prof. S. Pignatti) and within the initiative “Italian Loci Classici Census” (Domina et al. -
Understanding the Weedy Chenopodium Complex in the North Central States
UNDERSTANDING THE WEEDY CHENOPODIUM COMPLEX IN THE NORTH CENTRAL STATES BY SUKHVINDER SINGH DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Crop Sciences in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2010 Urbana, Illinois Doctoral Committee: Professor Patrick J. Tranel, Chair Associate Professor Aaron G. Hager Associate Professor Geoffrey A. Levin Assistant Professor Matthew E. Hudson ABSTRACT The genus Chenopodium consists of several important weed species, including Chenopodium album, C. berlandieri, C. strictum, and C. ficifolium. All of these species share similar vegetative morphology and high phenotypic plasticity, which makes it difficult to correctly identify these species. All of these weedy Chenopodium species have developed resistance to one or more classes of herbicides. An experiment was conducted to determine if there is variability in response of Chenopodium species present in the North Central states to glyphosate. Our results indicate variable responses within and among the Chenopodium species. Species such as C. berlandieri and C. ficifolium had higher levels of tolerance to glyphosate than did various accessions of C. album. In another experiment, 33 populations of Chenopodium sampled across six North Central states were screened with glyphosate. The results showed variable responses to glyphosate within and among the Chenopodium populations. In general, the Chenopodium populations from Iowa were more tolerant, but some biotypes from North Dakota, Indiana and Kansas also had significantly high tolerance to glyphosate. Given there are species other than C. album that have high tolerance to glyphosate, and there are Chenopodium populations across the North Central states that showed tolerance to glyphosate, one intriguing question was to whether the Chenopodium populations were either biotypes of C. -
Alligatorweed Scientific Name: Alternanthera Philoxeroides Order
Common Name: Alligatorweed Scientific Name: Alternanthera philoxeroides Order: Caryophyllales Family: Amaranthaceae Wetland Plant Status: Obligatory Ecology & Description The stems of alligatorweed are long (up to 4 ft), hollow, and branched to allow the plant to float. The leaves are opposite, elongated, and elliptical with smooth edges. Leaves have a defined midrib with small pinnate veins. The plant produces a small cluster of white flowers during the warm parts of the year. The flowers are fragrant and consist of 6-10 florets and produce one small seed. Habitat The plant roots in shallow water (less than 6 ½ ft) and then begins to grow out from the anchor. This can be problematic as it can choke off entire waterways. The plant grows in segments and can grow roots or stems out of the nodes that separate each segmented piece. Distribution In the United States, alligatorweed is found from the southern marshes of Virginia to southern Florida and westward to Texas and is found in some parts of California. Native/Invasive Status Alligatorweed is a perennial non-native species of plant from South America that was accidentally introduced in the state of Florida. It is considered invasive in the United States, New Zealand, China, Australia, and Thailand. Alligatorweed is also considered to be a noxious plant because it disrupts water flow and aeration when it becomes thick. In times of high rain fall it can lead to flooding due to its clogging of the waterways. Wildlife Uses Mats of alligatorweed can be good habitat for many aquatic invertebrates and small fish that may serve as a food source for wildlife. -
Alternanthera Pungens South & Central ZONES
Assessment date 10 July 2017 Alternanthera pungens South & Central ZONES Answer Score 1.01 Is the species highly domesticated? n 0 1.02 Has the species become naturalised where grown? 1.03 Does the species have weedy races? 2.01 Species suited to Florida's USDA climate zones (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) 2 North Zone: suited to Zones 8, 9 Central Zone: suited to Zones 9, 10 South Zone: suited to Zone 10 2.02 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) 2 2.03 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) 2.04 Native or naturalized in habitats with periodic inundation y North Zone: mean annual precipitation 50-70 inches Central Zone: mean annual precipitation 40-60 inches South Zone: mean annual precipitation 40-60 inches 1 2.05 Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range? y 3.01 Naturalized beyond native range y 2 3.02 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed y 2 3.03 Weed of agriculture unk 3.04 Environmental weed y 4 3.05 Congeneric weed y 2 4.01 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y 1 4.02 Allelopathic unk 0 4.03 Parasitic n 0 4.04 Unpalatable to grazing animals ? 4.05 Toxic to animals y 1 4.06 Host for recognised pests and pathogens y 1 4.07 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans y 1 4.08 Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems n 0 4.09 Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle n 0 4.10 Grows on infertile soils (oligotrophic, limerock, or excessively draining soils). -
Alligatorweed Aquatic [Alternanthera Philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb.] John D
Alligatorweed Aquatic [Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb.] John D. Madsen, Ph.D., Extension/Research Professor, Mississippi State University Fig. 1. Alligatorweed forms monospecific Fig. 2. The leaves of alligatorweed are elliptical, Fig. 3. The inflorescence of alligatorweed is a stands in moist soil or shallow water of large about 4” long and opposite. A single inflores- roundish cluster of white flowers, formed by floating mats. Photos by Ryan Wersal. cence may be formed, one per node. white or clear sepals. The fruit has one seed. Introduction Problems caused Alligatorweed forms dense mats along the shoreline of lakes, ponds, streams, ditches, and wetlands, with the mat ex- tending out into open water. The dense growth suppresses native plant species, reduces the quality of habitat for water- fowl, wildlife, and fish, and will reduce oxygen levels in the water under the mat. The dense mats interfere with navigation and recreational use, and will exacerbate flooding. Regulations Alligatorweed is not listed as a federal noxious weed, although the related sessile joyweed (Alternanthera sessilis) was listed out of concern that it too would become a widespread weed. It is listed as a noxious weed in AR and SC, and a Class C weed in AL. Alligatorweed is widely recognized as an invasive weed by state Exotic Pest Plant Councils (EPPC). Description Vegetative growth Alligatorweed is an emergent herbaceous perennial plant, forming dense stands up to 3’ tall. The stems vary in color, are approximately ¼” thick, and often hollow, particular in the floating mat stage. The stem nodes are ½” thick, and hollow. Stems will root from the nodes, and in standing water the stems will float on the surface, forming a dense mat, with up- right branches. -
Phenotypic Landscape Inference Reveals Multiple Evolutionary Paths to C4 Photosynthesis
RESEARCH ARTICLE elife.elifesciences.org Phenotypic landscape inference reveals multiple evolutionary paths to C4 photosynthesis Ben P Williams1†, Iain G Johnston2†, Sarah Covshoff1, Julian M Hibberd1* 1Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; 2Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom Abstract C4 photosynthesis has independently evolved from the ancestral C3 pathway in at least 60 plant lineages, but, as with other complex traits, how it evolved is unclear. Here we show that the polyphyletic appearance of C4 photosynthesis is associated with diverse and flexible evolutionary paths that group into four major trajectories. We conducted a meta-analysis of 18 lineages containing species that use C3, C4, or intermediate C3–C4 forms of photosynthesis to parameterise a 16-dimensional phenotypic landscape. We then developed and experimentally verified a novel Bayesian approach based on a hidden Markov model that predicts how the C4 phenotype evolved. The alternative evolutionary histories underlying the appearance of C4 photosynthesis were determined by ancestral lineage and initial phenotypic alterations unrelated to photosynthesis. We conclude that the order of C4 trait acquisition is flexible and driven by non-photosynthetic drivers. This flexibility will have facilitated the convergent evolution of this complex trait. DOI: 10.7554/eLife.00961.001 Introduction *For correspondence: Julian. The convergent evolution of complex traits is surprisingly common, with examples including camera- [email protected] like eyes of cephalopods, vertebrates, and cnidaria (Kozmik et al., 2008), mimicry in invertebrates and †These authors contributed vertebrates (Santos et al., 2003; Wilson et al., 2012) and the different photosynthetic machineries of equally to this work plants (Sage et al., 2011a).