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Book of Verses of Elder Bhikkhunis Khuddakanikāye IN THE MINOR COLLECTION Therīgāthāpāḷi BOOK OF VERSES OF ELDER BHIKKHUNIS A Contemporary Translation AnāgārikA MAhendrA Library of Congress Preassigned Control Number: 2017904072 First Edition 2017 ISBN: 978-0-9990781-0-5 - Paperback/Softcover © 2017 Dhamma Publishers Roslindale, MA, USA [email protected] For free distribution only You may reprint and redistribute this work in any medium, provided that you: (1) charge no fees for its distribution or use, (2) don’t make any change to the contents including layout, (3) include the entire contents from front-cover to back-cover (with the exception of changing inside back-cover to record new donors), (4) include this entire page as notice, and (5) send us a copy of the book as published. Before reprinting and redistributing, please inquire at [email protected] if a newer edition is available. Otherwise, all rights reserved. Cover Art: Anāthapiṇḍika donating Jetavana to Lord Buddha (Bharhut Stupa, Indian Museum, Kolkata, India) As this is a dhamma book, please treat it with respect. When you no longer need it, please donate it to your local Buddhist Society or Local Library. Thank you. DEDICATION I dedicate this translation with profound gratitude to my daughter Devpriya. She was the first one to know, at the ripe old age of eight (!), that I would like to go forth. With boundless mettā, karuṇā, and muditā, she gave me the permission and freedom to do so. Ever since then, she has been my champion, always there like a north star. She has taught me what true love means – love means letting go and sacrificing, making others happy even when it means you may get pains. Knowing how much personal cost this has entailed for her, I cannot but acknowledge the debt of gratitude, and be enormously thankful for the resolute strength and brave character she has displayed. With the boundless merits she has earned from this sacrifice to facilitate the way to nibbāna for her father, may she obtain all the worldly happiness and peace, walk on the path like the elder bhikkhunis portrayed in this book, and attain nibbāna when she is ready. “A woman, O lord of the people, may turn out better than a man: She may be wise and virtuous, a devoted wife, revering her mother-in- law. “The son to whom she gives birth may become a hero, O lord of the land. The son of such a blessed woman, may even rule the realm.” (CDB 3.16) – iii – GRATITUDE I would like to take this opportunity to thank all the kalyān mittā who have introduced me to the dhammā, helped me understand it, and encouraged me all along. I have been very fortunate to have unstinting support of all my Gurus: S. N. Goenka for paṭipatti (practice), Venerable Bhikkhu Bodhi for pariyatti (learning), and Mr. A. B. Mediwake (Pāḷi). In particular, I very gratefully acknowledge the help I have received, and continue to receive, from Venerable Bhikkhu Bodhi as I started reading and learning the Ṭipiṭāka in English. His scholarly and devout translations have made dhammā accessible and easy to understand. He has always been there – in person or via email – answering questions, providing explanations, and clarifying confusions. I also acknowledge the much-appreciated help of Mr. A. B. Mediwake, my Pāḷi Guru at SIBA, Pallekale, Sri Lanka. Without his encyclopedic knowledge and understanding of Pāḷi language and the Sutta piṭaka along with commentaries, this translation would have floundered long before arriving. Venerable Ñāṇatusita reviewed Chapter of Ones when this translation was in infancy and set me along the right path by providing very constructive criticism and direction. All the dhamma writers have helped me enormously in learning the multi-faceted dhamma thru their writings. Being curious, I have always admired the enormous work Mr. G. P. Malalasekera carried out in compiling the Dictionary of Pãli Proper Names in early 20th century, which has given me so much information on various characters of the Buddhist Cast. The study guides as well as translations by Venerable Ṭhānnisaro Bhikkhu have proven extremely helpful in informing my dhamma studies. AccessToInsight.org has been tremendously helpful in making available dhamma materials in an easily accessible format. – iv – grAtitude therīgāthāpāḷi All the clearly understandable and meaningful dhamma contained herein is due to them – all errors and misunderstandings are mine alone. I gratefully thank Ms. Samanthi Rambukpotha and her parents Mr. and Mrs. Tillekeratne for their kind dāna by providing their home in Ratemulla, along with all necessities, for a serene environment conducive to meditation and translation. I also thank the caretaker Mr. Parakrama for his help and assistance during my sojourn there. Thanks are also due to VRI-India, and in particular to Mr. S. P. Goenka, for their gracious permission to reproduce the CST edition Pāḷi source text in the book. I also thank the Sri Lanka Immigration for extending my visa to complete the translation work, Mr. Nalin Ariyarathne for the cover and book design, and Ms. Pooja Gokul for the permission to use the Sanchi Torana sketch in the back cover logo. Last but not the least, without the support of my family, I wouldn’t have been able to undertake this translation. I especially thank my brother Dipak for taking care of the day-to- day tasks so I can devote myself fully to task at hand. May they all share bountifully in the merits of this work. May all beings partake of the merits generated of this work. May all beings be happy, be peaceful, be liberated. Ratemulla, Kandy, Sri Lanka June 2017 [email protected] – v – guide to pāḷi pronunciAtion The Pāḷi Alphabet consists of: Vowels: • a (as in “cut” or “us”) • ā (as in “ah” or “art”) • i (as in “king” or “is”) • ī (as in “keen” or “eel”) • u (as in “put”) • ū (as in “rule” or “boon”) • e (as in “way” or “end”) • o (as in “home” or “ox”) • e and o are long before a single consonant (“me” & “bone”) • e and o are short before a double consonant (“end” & “ox”) Consonants: • Gutturals: k, kh, g, gh, ṅ • Palatals: c, ch, j, jh, ñ • Cerebrals: ṭ, ṭh, ḍ, ḍh, ṇ (tongue on roof of mouth) • Dentals: t, th, d, dh, n (tongue behind upper teeth) • Labials: p, ph, b, bh, m • Semivowels: y, r, ḷ, l, v • Sibilant: s • Aspirate: h • Niggahīta: ṃ (like ng in “song”) • Among the consonants, g is always pronounced as in “good,” c as in “church,” ñ as in “onion”. • The aspirates— kh, gh, ch, jh, ṭh, ḍh, th, dh, ph, bh— are single consonants pronounced with slightly more force than the non-aspirates, thus th as in “Thomas” (not as in “thin”), ph as in “puff” (not as in “phone”). • Double consonants are always enunciated separately, thus dd as in “mad dog,” gg as in “big gun.” • An o and an e always carry a stress; otherwise the stress falls on a long vowel— ā, ī, ū, or on a double consonant, or on ṃ. (Courtesy Venerables Balangoda Ānanda Maitreya and Bhikkhu Bodhi) – vi – BiBliogrAphy And ABBreviAtions ACC Access To Insight (www.accesstoinsight.org) BU T. N. Sethumadhavan; Brihadaranyaka Upanishad (13): Yajnavalkya-Kanda: Chapter III (http://www. esamskriti.com/essay-chapters/BRIHADARANYAKA- UPANISHAD-%2813%29~YAJNAVALKYA~KANDA~ CHAPTER-III-1.aspx) CDB Bodhi, Venerable Bhikkhu; The Connected Discourses of the Buddha: A New Translation of the Saṃyutta Nikāya (Teachings of the Buddha) Wisdom Publications. Kindle Edition. CST Chaṭṭha Saṅgāyanā Tipiṭaka 4.0.0.15 Electronic Edition copyright © 1995 Vipassana Research Institute. See Endnote 1 for abbreviations used by CST in the Pāḷi text. Online Dictionaries DICT-P (1) PTS Pāḷi-English Dictionary–http://dsal.uchicago. edu/dictionaries/pali/ DICT-S (2) Sanskrit–http://andhrabharati.com/dictionary/ sanskrit/index.php#ws-1 DICT-W (3) Wisdom Library–http://www.wisdomlib.org/ DPPN Malalasekera, G. P; Dictionary of Pāḷi Proper Names (Online Version: http://what-buddha-said.net/ library/DPPN/index_dict.ppn.htm) GDB Venerable Nyanaponika; Hecker, Hellmuth; Great Disciples of the Buddha: Their Lives, Their Works, Their Legacy (Teachings of the Buddha) Wisdom Publications. Kindle Edition. IBH Horner, I. B., Women in Early Buddhist Literature: A Talk to the All-Ceylon Buddhist Women’s Association, BPS Wheel No. 30, Access to Insight Edition. – vii – therīgāthāpāḷi BiBliogrAphy And ABBreviAtions LDB Walshe, Maurice; The Long Discourses of the Buddha: A Translation of the Dīgha Nikāya (Teachings of the Buddha) Wisdom Publications. Kindle Edition. MLDB Bodhi, Venerable Bhikkhu; The Middle Length Discourses of the Buddha: A Translation of the Majjhima Nikāya (Teachings of the Buddha) Wisdom Publications. Kindle Edition. NDB Bodhi, Venerable Bhikkhu; The Numerical Discourses of the Buddha: A Complete Translation of the Aṅguttara Nikāya (Teachings of the Buddha) Wisdom Publications. Kindle Edition. – viii – TABLE OF CONTENTS Dedication .............................................................................................iii Gratitude ...............................................................................................iv Guide to Pāḷi Pronunciation ...............................................................vi Bibliography and Abbreviations .......................................................vii Table of Contents .................................................................................ix Introduction ..........................................................................................xi 1. Chapter of Ones ................................................................................. 1 2. Chapter of Twos ...............................................................................
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