FSAARCL WorkshopO on OD Risk Management in South Asia 9-10 October 2012, Islamabad,Pakistan 1297670 981 SAARC DISASTER MANAGEMENT CENTRE Ground Floor, NIDM Building, IIPA Campus I. P. Estate, Ring Road, New Delhi - 110 002 Organised by Phone: +91-11-23702445, Fax : +91-11-23702446 SAARC Disaster Management Centre, New Delhi E-mail: [email protected] Website : www.saarc-sdmc.nic.in In collaboration with National Disaster Management Authority Pakistan Published by the SAARC Disaster Management Centre, New Delhi Any part of this publication may be cited, copied, translated in other languages or adopted to meet local needs with prior permission from SAARC Disaster Management Centre, New Delhi © SDMC 2012 This report has been authored by the professionals of SAARC Disaster Management Centre. Editors: O.P. Mishra Mriganka Ghatak Ahmed Kamal Editorial Assistant: Ranjan Kumar Designed & Printed by CELLULOID Patparganj Industrial Area, Delhi +91-11- 43009727, 9811297670, 9873798727 email: [email protected] www.celluloid.co.in Contents Messages V BackgroundPaper Mriganka Ghatak, Ahmed Kamal , O.P. Mishra 1 Disaster Research: Exploring Sociological Approach to Disaster in Bangladesh Mahbuba Nasreen 23 Women’s Adjustment with Flood in Ganges Dependent Area of Bangladesh Asib Ahmed 33 Flood hazard and Risk Assessment in Mideastern part of Dhaka, Bangladesh Muhammad Masood, Kuniyoshi Takeuchi 41 Sustainable Flood Management in Changing Climate R K Mall and R K Srivastava 49 Relating Hydrological Extremes with Area – A Case on Extreme Floods in South Central Nepal Suresh Marahatta and Jagat Kumar Bhusal 67 Flood 2010: The Event, Issues and Way Forward Asrar-ul-Haq and . S. Mansoob Ali Zaidi 73 Management of High Floods National Disater Management Authourity, Pakistan 95 Pakistan Flood 2010: an Opportunity to Build Back Better National Disater Management Authourity, Pakistan 103 Provision of Safe Drinking Water for Flood Affected Areas National Disater Management Authourity, Pakistan 113 Development of Flood Hazard Zonation Map for “Kalu Ganga” Basin by GIS Modeling Welivitiya WDDP, Jayasingha JMHCB, Musheen MK, saputhanthri SV, Samaranayake TDNT 121 Flood Hazard Mapping in Lower Reach of Kelani River I. P. Ajith Gunasekara 127 Managing Flood Flows for Crop Production Risk Management with Hydraulic and GIS Modeling: Case study of Agricultural Areas in Shariatpur Pakistan: lai Nullah Basin Flood Problem Islamabad – Rawalpindi Cities Ahmed Kamal 145 Ministry of Climate Change Islamic Republic of Pakistan MINISTER MESSAGE As common citizens of the Himalayan region climate change is perhaps the greatest threat we face. Changing climate is making natural disasters, especially floods, less predictable and more destructive. The situation is worsening each year. More than even we need to strategize climate change adaptation on regional canvas. We have a common natural heritage of mountains, river basins and monsoons. Nature now seems to be asking us to pull to together our common knowledge and resources to negotiate with common disasters. Government of Pakistan realizes that we would not be able to manage climate change and the accompanying risks unless we cooperate and coordinate our efforts at the regional level. Disaster Risk reduction needs to be a priority for all of us to ensure uninterrupted economic development and happiness of our people. The SAARC workshop on Flood Risk Management in South Asia is great opportunity for member countries to develop a common pool of knowledge and skills, and in the development of national and regional strategies to negotiate a problem that has been costing them dearly in recent years. Rana M. Farooq Saeed Khan National Disaster Management Authority Pakistan CHAIRMAN MESSAGE Pakistan is vulnerable to wide-ranging hazards such as droughts, floods, earthquakes, mountainous region hazards such as landslides, debris flow, avalanches, heavy snow fall and coastal hazards such as cyclones, tsunami, flood etc. These hazards generate disasters that impede sustained economic growth by causing loss of lives and property. Of all the hazards, floods have the most disastrous impacts on the lives of people in Pakistan as they not only cause loss to human lives and property but also have substantial negative effect on our economy by damaging agriculture and standing crops. Floods also have dire effects on public health and the environment, particularly water quality. NDMA was raised amongst repeated disasters. It has been trying its level best to cope with them since its inception. Just to mention a few of them are 2005 Kashmir Earthquake that cost 73,000 precious human lives and assets worth billions. Then from 2007 onwards, Pakistan has been continuously faced disasters including Earth quake in Balochistan, floods and cyclones, Land sliding and the recent recurrent flood of 2010, 2011 and now in 2012. Floods of 2010 remained the most devastating of its kind in the 63 year’s history of the country, where some 1,985 people lost their lives. The loss to public and private property and infrastructure amounted to more than 10 billion US Dollars. Up till now, the Government and people of Pakistan fought bravely to minimize the devastating effects of frequent disaster with full support from the international humanitarian community. We have been able to develop an institutional base of Flood Risk Management system with National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) at the centre and Provincial Disaster Management Authorities (PDMAs) and District Disaster Authorities (DDMAs) in all the provinces and regions. There are many factors that are contributing towards global warming and resultant climate change across the globe. It has now become a cause of serious concern for everyone. Pakistan being located in the Himalayan region is facing threat from global warming which is causing great damage to Pakistan's environment. Among the impacts felt and seen are; increase in the extreme events resulting in increased frequency of hydro meteorological disasters particularly flooding, flash floods, drought, biodiversity loss, rise in the sea level, changes in freshwater supply, increased intrusion of saline water in the Indus delta adversely affecting coastal agriculture, mangroves and breeding grounds of fish, etc. Changing rainfall patterns and climate variability could also badly affect arid and semi-arid regions, leading to reduced agriculture productivity as well as increased demand for power generation. One of the challenges posed by climate change is the increased pressure on the country’s limited capacity, both in terms of financial and human resource, to manage frequent disasters. Sensing these implication and constraint, NDMA, in close coordination with the national, regional and international partners particularly the South Asian nations, is gradually endeavoring to adopt a comprehensive approach to reduce the impacts of climate change and enhance the adaptive capacity of the region. Holding this Workshop is also an effort in this direction for which all SAARC member countries especially SDMC deserve great applaud and appreciation. Zafar Iqbal Qadir SAARC DISASTER MANAGEMENT CENTRE, NEW DELHI DIRECTOR MESSAGE South Asia is one of the most disaster prone regions of the world. Two thirds of the natural disasters in South Asia are related to Hydro-meteorology. Various studies indicate that climate change would further increase the frequency, severity and unpredictability of the natural disasters especially floods in entire south Asian Region. Seven out of eight countries of South Asia are prone to by floods due to a variety of factors, both natural and manmade every year. Last decade, some of the south Asian countries such as Pakistan, India, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Nepal and Sri Lanka affected by catastrophic floods. Due to floods thousands of people lost their lives and properties in this region every year. The severity of the floods, a result of active wet monsoon accompanied by a series of tropical cyclones reiterates that the impacts of hydro-meteorological disasters remain a serious concern to maintain sustainable development in the region. With the growing threat of climate change and increasing number of floods in the region, further investment on disaster risk reduction is critical. In this regard SAARC supported by partners has taken a catalytic role to provide more understandable and action-oriented information to policymakers in the region. The problems and impacts of floods might go beyond national boundaries, and National & International cooperation is important in this region. The present SAARC workshop “Flood Risk Management in South Asia” is a step in this direction. I understand that that the workshop will strive to develop a regional road map to deliberate on the practical steps necessary for implementing components of the Action Plan on Flood Risk Mitigation which are relevant to the mandate of the SDMC. I am happy that representatives of the member countries and experts from the region shall be assembling to develop this road map. SAARC Disaster Management Centre places its gratitude to National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), Pakistan for hosting this workshop. We are happy to bring out this publication to facilitate discussion in this workshop. I look forward to the outcome of this important workshop and wish it all success. Satendra SAARC Workshop on Flood Risk Management in South Asia Background Paper Flood Risk Management in South Asia Mriganka Ghatak1, Ahmed Kamal2 , O.P. Mishra1 1 SAARC