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Home , 2010 Pakistan floods

August 2010 Briefing Paper Floods 2010: Country Aid Factsheet

Pakistan is in the grips of a major natural disaster with severe flooding affecting an estimated three million people. As the government and international community attempts to provide first response, measure the impact and count the costs of meeting humanitarian needs, the GHA programme reflects on Pakistan’s recent history as an aid recipient.

Indicator Result Global Pakistan has significant development challenges, ranked amongst the ranking ‘medium development’ countries in UNDP’s Human Development Index Population 173 million (HDI) but with 60% of the large population of 173 million people living on less than US$2 a day. HDI Rank 0.572 141/182 Pakistan a major aid beneficiary receiving US$1.5 billion in official GDP per Capita (2007) US$2,496 132/184 development assistance (ODA) and ranking as the 14th largest global recipient of aid in 2008. Population below income poverty 60.3 63/100 line % (2000-2007) less than US$2 a day Pakistan is prone to natural disasters and has already suffered a series of major events in the last five years, especially in 2005 when severe and Life expectancy (2007) 66.2 118/194 flooding affected seven million people and an additional five million were affected by the earthquake. Probability of not living until 40 13% 61/183 Pakistan is also affected by regional and domestic instability and is ranked Sources: Human Development Report, towards the bottom of the Global Peace Index at 145 out of 149 in 2010. United Nations, Transparency International Military offensives against militants in north-west Pakistan in 2009 rapidly displaced more than two million people. Pakistan also hosts one of the world’s largest refugee populations, 1.7 million people mostly from .

Pakistan has received significant volumes of humanitarian assistance in response to specific disasters, including US$576 million following the flooding and Kashmir earthquake in 2005, and a further US$465 million in 2006 as humanitarian needs in Kashmir continued. In 2008 Pakistan was the 16th largest global recipient of humanitarian aid. Aid to Pakistan, 1995-2008

In 2008 Pakistan received US$1.5 billion in ODA, its lowest level since 2003 and a 34% drop from the previous year’s US$2.3 billion.

In 2001 contributions rose sharply, up 195% from 2000, reflecting a convergence of global interest in the region following the invasion of Afghanistan in 2001.

Humanitarian aid contributions to Pakistan respond to natural disaster events. In 2005 Pakistan received substantial humanitarian aid, US$576 million (which made up 31% of ODA) in response to the earthquake and floods which affected 12 million people. Humanitarian aid to Pakistan declined between 2006 and 2008 but remains significantly higher than in any year preceding the 2005 peak.

3,500 2002: Earthquake - 2001: Musharraf 140,000 affected becomes President 3,000 October 2005: 2007: Floods and and supports US in Earthquake- 5.1 million storm - 1.6 million fight against affected affected terrorism 2,500 Feb 2005: Floods - 2008: 2001: Earthquake 7 million affected Earthquake and floods - 2,000 and flood - 1.3 million affected 2004: Earthquake 300,000 affected 1995: flash 1998 floods 1,500 floods 1996: floods 2000: drought 1,000 US$ million (constant 2008) (constant million US$

500

31 26 41 34 37 35 81 69 68 57 576 465 248 178 0 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Humanitarian aid Non humanitarian aid ODA Source: OECD DAC (all donors) EM-DAT CRED ODA to Pakistan compared to other recipient countries, 2008

In absolute terms, Pakistan ranked as Total ODA, 2008 Ranking per ODA per capita, Ranking per th Recipient the 14 largest recipient of ODA in (US$m) total ODA 2008 (US$m) capita 2008, having received US$1.5 billion. Iraq 9880.2 1 333.7 5 Afghanistan 4865.1 2 172.2 12 Pakistan’s ODA per capita in 2008 amounted to US$9.2, placing it 101st Ethiopia 3327.5 3 39.0 66 amongst countries with more than occupied Palestinian half million inhabitants. Amongst the territory (OPT) 2592.8 4 624.7 1 countries receiving more aid per Viet Nam 2551.8 5 28.8 45 capita than Pakistan were other states 2383.6 6 60.3 46 high on the political priority list of Tanzania 2330.7 7 56.1 50 major donor countries - the occupied 2107.7 8 1.8 116 Palestinian territory, Iraq and Bangladesh 2061.4 9 12.8 94 Afghanistan. 2023.7 10 26.7 79 Mozambique 1993.8 11 91.5 28 Uganda 1656.8 12 51.8 54 Congo, Dem. Rep. 1648.3 13 25.4 80 Pakistan 1539.4 14 9.2 101 China 1488.9 15 1.1 119 Note: Our method of calculation of ODA per capita Kenya 1360.4 16 35.2 70 excludes all countries with less than half a million population. The very small population figures 1348.4 17 17.5 87 seriously distort the analysis per capita. In 2008 14 Ghana 1293.3 18 54.0 51 out of the top 15 recipients of ODA per capita were small island sates. 1289.8 19 8.5 105 Liberia 1250.4 20 315.5 6

Source: OECD DAC, all donors Donor funding to Pakistan by sector, 2008

Almost a third of all aid committed by donors in 2008 was for activities promoting the health, well-being and education of the population . By far the largest proportion of Pakistan’s aid is channelled to a range of activities encouraging .

Other Health 6.4% 0.4% Education Population and 8.5% reproductive health Development food 10.1% Water and sanitation aid Humanitarian aid 3.0% 0.1% 6.0%

General budget Multisector-cross Government and civil support cutting society 7.7% 2.0% 7.7% Other social infrastructure and Industry, mining, services construction and Agriculture, forestry, Economic 3.7% other productive fishing infrastructure and services 6.1% services 1.7% 36.6%

Source: OECD DAC, all donor commitments 2008 Top humanitarian donors 1995-2008 Top 10 humanitarian donors to Pakistan 07-08 (constant prices) In 2008 the top five humanitarian donors to Pakistan were the United States (US), the (EC), Australia, the United 2007 US$ m 2008 US$ m Kingdom (UK) and Canada. These donors provided 79% of total DAC United States 94.54 United States 49.08 donor humanitarian aid in that year. The US alone contributed 35% of France EC the total DAC donor humanitarian aid in 2008 however its overall 53.38 25.09 contributions had fallen by 67% since 2006. EC 36.29 Australia 16.66 Germany 8.97 United Kingdom 13.46 Canada Over the period 1995-2008 the top 5 donors of humanitarian aid were 7.39 8.14 the US, Turkey, the EC, and the UK. Disbursements from these 5.37 Japan 7.14 donors remained more or less constant until 2005 when large amounts Australia 5.19 Germany 4.54 of humanitarian aid were given by Turkey, US$165 million and Norway, United Kingdom 4.72 Switzerland 4.07 US$100 million. The sharp increase in aid corresponds with the major Canada 3.85 3.78 earthquake and floods in 2005 Sweden 2.95 Turkey 2.68

450 400 350 300 250 200 150 US$ million 100 50 0 -50 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

United States Turkey EC Norway United Kingdom Total DAC donors Source: OECD DAC Top non-DAC humanitarian donors 1995-2008

In 2009 the UAE was the most generous non-DAC donor donating US$30 million to Pakistan , the majority of which went through UN agencies. Top 5 non-DAC donors to Pakistan 2008-2009 2008 US$ m 2009 US$ m In 2005 Turkey was the most generous non-DAC donor, reporting US$66 million 1.9 UAE 30 to Pakistan, of which US$25 million was channel bilaterally to the Pakistan Korea 0.1 Saudi Arabia 2.4 government. - 2 - 1 Note: Contributions reported through the FTS are voluntary so do not capture all humanitarian aid flows - Korea 0.7 from non-DAC donors. Some donors, such as Turkey, also report voluntarily to the OECD DAC;. For example, in 2005 it reported over US$160 million in total humanitarian aid to Pakistan

70

60

50 Turkey 40 Saudi Arabia (Kingdom of)

30 US$ millions Kyrgyzstan 20

10

0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Source: UN OCHA FTS Humanitarian aid to Pakistan compared to Contributions to Pakistan via the Central other recipient countries, 2008 Emergency Response Fund (CERF)

Pakistan was 16th largest recipient of humanitarian Between 2007 and 2008, CERF contributions to assistance in 2008, higher that China (ranked 23rd) and Pakistan increased by 222% from US$5.8 million in India (32nd) which both suffered natural disasters in 2007 to US$18.7 million in 2008. In 2008 Pakistan was that year. the 5th largest recipient of CERF funds. In 2009 CERF contributions to Pakistan dropped to US$8.9 million Recipient US$m Ranking ranking Pakistan 12th Sudan 1399.9 1 Afghanistan 870.7 2 Ethiopia 840.3 3 Palestinian Adm. Areas 799.1 4 Somalia 566.5 5 20 18.7 Congo, Dem. Rep. 548.5 6 18 Iraq 394.8 7 16 Myanmar 365.7 8 Zimbabwe 333.5 9 14 Kenya 306.1 10 12 254.4 11 10 8.9 246.6 12 8 Chad 244.3 13 US$ million 5.8 Uganda 244.1 14 6 206.2 15 4 Pakistan 178.3 16 150.8 17 2 Bangladesh 141.6 18 0 137.4 19 2007 2008 2009 Korea, Dem. Rep. 109.2 20

Sources: OECD DAC (all donors) and CERF Spain 0.9 0.3 Donor response to the 2010 Pakistan floods Ireland 0.3 Finland 1.6 0.1 In August 2010 the United Nations launched an appeal in response 1.0 to the floods in Pakistan with an original request for US$459 million. At the time of writing, US$92 million has been committed Sri Lanka 0.02 Korea, republic of 0.5 directly to the appeal with an additional US$58 million raised for the emergency. A number of donors have also volunteered pledges 10.7 and in-kind contributions. France 1.4 Czech Republic 0.2 Private donations are also beginning to flow with a number of Switzerland 1.7 humanitarian agencies, including the International Federation of Sweden 3.0 Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, , Save the 0.7 Children UK, the Disasters Emergency Committee, an umbrella UAE 1.52 organisation of UK based NGOs and UNICEF, launching funding Turkey 0.3 appeals. Norway 3.3 5.0 GHA will continue to monitor and publish data and analysis on the 0.2 Germany 0.4 humanitarian funding response to the Pakistan floods emergency. The 1.3 0.1 New Zealand 1.5 0.1 3.3 1.8 UK 40.2 Japan 3.2 Canada 1.9 China Sources: OCHA, 1.5 h 38.0 As of 13 August 2010 US 24.5 Australia 9.0

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 US$ million Pledged (US$) Committed (US$) Clarity Counts.

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