Critical Analysis of Risk Management Involved in Maintenance of Livestock and Its Effect on Rural Economy”
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“Critical Analysis of Risk Management Involved in Maintenance of Livestock and its Effect on Rural Economy” Thesis submitted to Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune For the Award of Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In Commerce Under the Board of Studies of Business Administration Submitted By Dr. Vivek Hindurao Ksheersagar Research Student Under the Guidance of Dr. S. K. Pole Research Guide Research Centre M. C. E. Society’s Abeda Inamdar Senior College of Arts, Science & Commerce, Pune 411001 November 2018 This Research Work is dedicated to Lord Gopal Krishna DECLARATION I hereby declare that the thesis entitled “Critical Analysis of Risk Management Involved in Maintenance of Livestock and its Effect on Rural Economy” completed and written by me has not previously formed the basis for the award of any degree or other similar title upon me of this or any other university or examining body. I further declare that such material as has been obtained from other sources has been duly acknowledged in the thesis. Place: Pune Date: November 2018 Dr. Vivek Hindurao Ksheersagar Research Student iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS It is with deep sense of gratitude that I acknowledge the inspiration, encouragement and guidance given to me by my research guide Dr. S. K. Pole, Principal, S.B.B. alias Appasaheb Jedhe Arts, Commerce & Science College, Shukrawar Peth, Pune 411002 , Maharashtra (India) His suggestions, constant advice, pursuit for perfection, meticulous detailing have helped me in completing this research work. I am sincerely thankful to Dr. Shaila Bootwala, Coordinator and Vice Principal, Abeda Inamdar College, and Research Centre, Camp, Pune for her active support and guidance in completing this research. I express my sincere thanks to Shri Vishnu Hinge, Chairman, Pune Zilha Sahakari Dudh Utpadak Sangh Maryadit, Pune for his encouragement to accomplish this research work. My thanks are also due to the librarians of Dept. of Commerce and Research Centre of University of Pune, Jayakar Library, University of Pune for their valuable support in getting the requisite reference books. I am thankful to my senior colleagues and the staff of Katraj Dairy for their valuable assistance in completing this research work. I am also thankful to the respondent dairy farmers and the dairy societies for their valued cooperation in data collection without which this research would not have been complete. I am thankful to Mr. Sameer Rajopadhye of M/s. Sameer Copiers, Pune for timely typing and neatly presenting this research work. I express my indebtedness to my Mrs. Varsha, and daughter Mrs. Geeta and Son in law Mr. Padmsingh Jadhav, my granddaughters – Keiva and Krishna for their wholehearted support and for the sacrifice, they have made in relieving me for this research work. Dr. Vivek Hindurao Ksheersagar iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Details Page Nos. No. I INTRODUCTION 1 - 44 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Historical Perspective of Livestock in the Indian 1 Agriculture Sector 1.3 India's Socio Economic Indicators 3 1.4 Indian Demographic Scenario 5 1.5 Specific Features of the Rural Area 6 1.6 Indian Agriculture Sector 8 1.7 Growth of the Indian Agriculture 10 1.8 Major Crops of India and Area Thereunder 12 1.9 Per Hectare Production of Crops of the Principle 12 Crops 1.10 Conceptual Framework 14 1.11 Contribution of Agriculture Sector to India's Gross 18 Domestic Product (GDP) 1.12 Activities Allied to Agriculture 19 1.13 Risk Management in Dairy 23 1.14 World Dairy Scenario 30 1.15 Indian Dairy Scene 31 1.16 Maharashtra State Dairy Performance 37 1.17 Livestock in Maharashtra 40 1.18 Government's Role in Improving Dairy Scenario in 42 the State 1.18.1 NABARD's Schemes for Dairy Farmers 42 1.19 Chapter Summary 44 II RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 45 - 68 2.1 Introduction 45 2.2 Impact of Dairy Activity on the Rural Area 45 2.3 Relevance of the Study 46 2.4 Objectives of the Study 47 2.5 Hypotheses of the Study 49 2.6 Research Methodology 51 2.6.1 Significance of the study 51 2.7 Scope of the Study 52 2.8 Primary Data 61 2.8.1 Parameter for Identifying the Class of 61 Societies for the Study 2.8.2 Sources of Data 61 2.8.3 Primary Data 62 2.8.4 Secondary Data 62 2.8.5 Technique used for Selection of Sample 62 2.8.6 Technique of Data Collection 62 2.8.7 Statistical Techniques for analysis of Data 63 2.9 Scope and Temporal Scope of the Study 66 v Chapter Details Page Nos. No. 2.10 Limitations of Study 66 2.11 Chapter Scheme 66 2.12 Chapter Summary 68 III REVIEW OF LITERATURE 69 - 93 3.1 Introduction 69 3.2 Previous Research 69 3.3 Books, Journals and Periodicals 84 3.4 News Paper Articles 91 3.5 Knowledge Gained 92 3.6 Knowledge Gap 93 3.7 Summary 93 IV PROFILE OF THE STUDY AREA 94 - 107 4.1 Introduction 94 4.2 Demographic Scenario 95 4.3 Some Major Dams are 98 4.4 Agriculture and Cropping Pattern 99 4.5 Economy of Pune City 100 4.6 Socio-Economic Development of Pune District 101 4.7 Major Dairies in Pune District 102 4.8 Brief Profile of Pune District Milk Producers Union 103 4.9 Summary 107 V DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION 108 - 218 5.1 Introduction 108 5.2 Data from the Dairy Farmers 108 5.3 Presentation of Data relating to Dairy Societies 191 5.4 Hypotheses Testing 204 VI OBERVATIONS, SUGGESTIONS AND 219 - 239 CONCLUSION 6.1 Introduction 219 6.2 Observations 219 6.3 Suggestions 227 6.4 Latest Developments in Dairy Sector 236 6.5 Validation of Hypotheses 237 6.6 Scope for Further Research 237 6.7 Conclusion 238 BIBLIOGRAPHY 240 - 243 ANNEXURES 244 - 257 vi LIST OF TABLES Table Details Page No. No. 1.1 Indian's Performance on Socio-economic front selected economic 3 and social indicators 1.2 Sex ratio and share of female population as per 2011 census 5 1.3 Pattern of Land Utilization 8 1.4 Growth of the Indian Agriculture Sector 10 1.5 Five-year Plan expenditure / outlay on animal husbandry and 11 dairying between 1980-85 onwards 1.6 Composition of the Land Utilization in percentage terms as of 11 2013-14 1.7 Area under principle crops grown in India 12 1.8 Production of India's principle crops per hectare in kilograms 13 1.9 India's GDP Growth rates during the period 2010-11 to 2014-15 19 1.10 Livestock Population in India as on 31/03/2016 20 1.11 All India Production of Milk in million tons 21 1.12 Per Capita Availability of Milk at India and Maharashtra State 22 1.13 Top Six Milk Producing Countries in the World 34 1.14 Major Milk Production States with their Production and 35 Availability of Milk per capita per day 1.15 Land Holding Pattern in Maharashtra 39 1.16 Dairy Cooperative Societies in Maharashtra 39 1.17 Dairy Cooperative Societies Producer Members in Maharashtra 39 1.18 Dairy Cooperative Societies Milk Procurement in Maharashtra 40 1.19 Dairy Cooperative Societies Liquid Milk Marketing in Maharashtra 40 and Mumbai 1.20 Livestock as per the 18th and 19th livestock census 41 1.21 Milk composition of different breeds in Maharashtra 41 1.22 Production of Milk and its per capital availability 42 2.1 Talukawise number of Villages, Gender wise Population and Dairy 52 societies in the talukas 2.2 Talukawise position of Livestock and the Milk Collection in each 53 Taluka 2.3 NABARD's categorization of the farmers based on holding 55 2.4 Talukawise identified Dairy Societies and their milk production 55 2.5 Society wise identified respondents 59 4.1 Demographic growth of Pune District 95 4.2 Growth of Cultivable area and area under irrigation in Pune District 96 4.3 Growth of Banking facilities in Pune District 96 4.4 Infrastructure Development in Pune District 96 4.5 Growth of Veterinary services in Pune District 97 4.6 Growth of Healthcare facilities in Pune District 97 4.7 Growth of Road Transport and Communication in Pune District 97 4.8 Land Utilization 98 4.9 Rainfall and Ground water 99 4.10 Irrigation Coverage 99 4.11 Major crops and cash crops are cultivated in Pune District 100 vii Table Details Page No. No. 4.12 Deposits Outstanding 101 4.13 Dairies in Pune District in the Cooperative Sector 102 4.14 Dairies in Pune District in the Private Sector 102 4.15 Names of the dairies from out of Pune District which supply milk 103 to Pune Metropolitan City 4.16 Performance of Pune Zillha Sahakari Dudh Utpadak Sangh 104 Maryadit Katraj, Pune 4.17 Average Milk collection 104 4.18 Gross Profit 104 4.19 Net Profit 105 5.1 Data relating to educational qualifications of the identified dairy 108 farmers 5.2 Occupation wise classification of the identified dairy farmers 109 5.3 Land holding wise classification of the identified dairy farmers 110 5.4 Identified dairy farmers status relating to the dairy society's 111 membership 5.5 Dairy maintenance experience wise classification of the dairy 112 farmers 5.6 Type of dairy animals (cattle) maintained by the identified dairy 113 farmers 5.7 Type of dairy animals (buffalows) maintained by the identified 114 dairy farmers 5.8 Classification of the housing arrangement for the livestock 114 5.9 Mode of housing wise classification of the identified dairy farmers 115 5.10 Data relating to availability of water source at identified dairy 115 farmers place 5.11 Annual Family income wise (with source) classification of the 116 identified dairy farmers 5.12 Mode of Payment of Sale Proceeds and its frequency to the 117 identified dairy farmers 5.13 My dairy activity has over the years helped me to step up my 118 income level 5.14 Apart from my domestic milk requirement I earn sizable income 119 from dairy activity.