Statistical Profile of Scheduled Tribes in India 2010

STATISTICAL PROFILE OF SCHEDULED TRIBES IN INDIA 2010

MINISTRY OF TRIBAL AFFAIRS STATISTICS DIVISION Government of India www.tribal.nic.in INFORMATION TO OUR READERS

The data given in this publication have been collected from various source agencies like Central Ministries/ Departments, Autonomous Organizations etc. indicated at the bottom of each table. The source agencies are solely responsible for the accuracy or otherwise of data depicted in the publication Government of India Ministry of Tribal Affairs Shastri Bhavan New Delhi 110 115

FOREWORD

The “Statistical Profi le of Scheduled Tribes in India 2010” is the fi rst comprehensive statistical publication of the Ministry of Tribal Aff airs. It has been designed to provide information on various facets of Scheduled Tribes in India. It covers a wide range of statistics including macroeconomic, demographic, education, health, investment, poverty and status of ST women along with social and environmental statistics. Through this Statistical Profi le, the Ministry endeavours to provide in a single volume a comprehensive compilation of available statistics on social and economic conditions and activities of the Scheduled Tribes in India, at the National and State level, covering as far as possible a ten-year period. While most of the statistics presented in the Statistical Profi leare extracted from more detailed databases prepared by the other Ministries of Government of India who play a major role in implementing programmes for education, social justice, health, economic and social empowerment of disadvantaged Scheduled Tribe population, it also contains information on important schemes and programmes implemented by this Ministry.

It is hoped that this compilation will facilitate the policy makers, planners and all those who are interested in the rights, welfare and development of Scheduled Tribes in the country. Data published in the Statistical Proﬁ le may also be of interest to companies and enterprises and to agencies engaged in market research, governments and non-governmental organizations, national statistical, economic and social policy bodies, scientiﬁ c and educational institutions, libraries and prove to be a valuable resource for users.

I place on record the excellent work done by the Statistics Division of this Ministry under the able guidance of Mr. S.K. Gupta, DDG.

(V KISHORE CHANDRA DEO) UNION MINISTER OF TRIBAL AFFAIRS

i Government of India Ministry of Tribal Affairs Shastri Bhavan New Delhi 110001

MESSAGE

The “Statistical Profi le of Scheduled Tribes in India 2010” is an a empt of Ministry of Tribal Aff airs to provide comprehensive data on various characteristics of most under-privileged sections of the Indian society, namely, the Scheduled Tribes (STs) (84.3 million) in the country. The signifi cance of preparation of this Report lies in its use for intelligent and purposeful planning at the micro/macro level, and for formulation of meaningful and eff ective strategy for growth and development of Scheduled Tribes in India. The Profi le meets a long felt need by providing quantitative information, facts and fi ndings in an organized form at one place. The Profi le, inter-alia, presents statistics on diverse dimensions of the status of Scheduled Tribes in India that are required to understand the complexities of this sector.

I compliment the Statistics Division for their continued technical support and feel that the information provided through this proﬁ le will be helpful in policy formulation apart from being useful to the planners, researchers and students.

(MAHADEO SINGH KHANDELA) MINISTER OF STATE FOR TRIBAL AFFAIRS

ii Abbreviations

Children belonging to STs have the poorest high prevalence of wasting in this group is of Children belonging to STs have the poorest high prevalence of wasting in this group is of AIDS : Acquired Immuno-Deficiency Syndrome ANC : Anti Natal care nutritional status on almost every measure and the particular concern. nutritional status on almost every measure and the particular concern. ANM : Auxiliary Nurse Midwife Prevalence of anaemia in children aged 6-59 months (Figures in percentages) Prevalence of anaemia in children aged 6-59 months (Figures in percentages) AWC : Anganwadi Centre BMI : Body Mass Index

Social Groups Anemia status by hemoglobin level Social Groups Anemia status by hemoglobin level BPL : Below Poverty Line

Mild Moderate Severe Any anemia (<11.0 g/dl) Mild Moderate Severe Any anemia (<11.0 g/dl) CD : Community Development (10.0-10.9 g/dl) (7.0-9.9 g/dl) (<7.0 g/dl) (10.0-10.9 g/dl) (7.0-9.9 g/dl) (<7.0 g/dl) CDS : Current Daily Status ST 26.3 47.2 3.3 76.8 ST 26.3 47.2 3.3 76.8 CHC : Community Health Centre SC 24.9 43.7 3.6 72.2 SC 24.9 43.7 3.6 72.2 CPI : Consumer Price Index OBC 26.7 40.5 3.0 70.3 OBC 26.7 40.5 3.0 70.3 CPIAL : Consumer Price Index for Agricultural Labourers Others 26.9 34.8 2.1 63.8 Others 26.9 34.8 2.1 63.8 CRIDA : Central Research Institute on Dry-land Agriculture Total 26.3 40.2 2.9 69.5 Total 26.3 40.2 2.9 69.5 CS : Centrally Sponsored Source: NFHS-3, 2005-06, M/o H&FW, GOI Source: NFHS-3, 2005-06, M/o H&FW, GOI CWS : Current Weekly Status DP : District Panchayat Seventy seven per cent of children belonging to above 3 % are severely anemic. ST children Seventy seven per cent of children belonging to above 3 % are severely anemic. ST children DPT : Diptheria, Pertussis (whooping cough) and Tetanus vaccine ST category are anemic including 26% who are top among all social groups, as far as “any ST category are anemic including 26% who are top among all social groups, as far as “any DRDA : District Rural Development Agency mildly anemic, 47% are moderate anemic and anemia” prevailing among them is concerned. mildly anemic, 47% are moderate anemic and anemia” prevailing among them is concerned. DT : Diphtheria & Tetanus GDP : Gross Domestic Product Vaccinations of children 12-23 months (Figures in percentages) Vaccinations of children 12-23 months (Figures in percentages) GER : Gross Enrollment ratio GOI : Government of India Social Groups All basic No vaccinations Social Groups All basic No vaccinations GP : Gram Panchayat vaccinations vaccinations GPI : Gender Parity Index ST 31.3 11.5 ST 31.3 11.5 HCR : Head Count Ratio SC 39.7 5.4 SC 39.7 5.4 HDI : Human Development Index OBC 40.7 3.9 OBC 40.7 3.9 HIV : Human Immuno-deficiency Virus Others 53.8 4.3 Others 53.8 4.3 HPI : Human Poverty Index Total 43.5 5.1 Total 43.5 5.1 HRD : Human Resource Development IAY : Indira Aawaas Yojana Source: NFHS-3, 2005-06, M/o H&FW, GOI Source: NFHS-3, 2005-06, M/o H&FW, GOI ICDS : Integrated Child Development Services IFA : Iron Folic Acid A much smaller percentage of ST children are as about 12% of ST children had no A much smaller percentage of ST children are as about 12% of ST children had no IMR : Infant Mortality Rate fully vaccinated than children belonging to any vaccinations at all. fully vaccinated than children belonging to any vaccinations at all. IPC : Indian Penal Code IRDP : Integrated Rural Development Programme other caste/ tribe status. Not only this, as much other caste/ tribe status. Not only this, as much ISM&H : Indian System of Medicine and Health ITDAs : Integrated Tribal Development Agencies Utilization of ICDS by children (Figures in percentages) Utilization of ICDS by children (Figures in percentages) ITDP : Integrated Tribal Development Programme Social Groups Children (0 -71 months) getting Frequency of going to an AWC Social Groups Children (0 -71 months) getting Frequency of going to an AWC KGSV : Kasturba Gandhi Swatantra Vidyalayas facilities from Anganwadi for early childhood facilities from Anganwadi for early childhood LB : Local Body Centre (AWC) care/preschool education Centre (AWC) care/preschool education Children (0- Children (0-71 Regularly Occasionally Children (0- Children (0-71 Regularly Occasionally LFPR : Labour Force Participation Rate 71 age ) age ) received 71 age ) age ) received LHV : Lady Health Visitor receiving any receiving any LFPR : Labour Force participation Rate any services immunizations any services immunizations LR : Literacy Rate from an from an AWC from an from an AWC AWC AWC MADA : Modified Area Development Approach ST 49.9 33.1 16.0 14.4 ST 49.9 33.1 16.0 14.4 MFP : Minor Forest Produce SC 36.1 21.4 15.8 9.7 SC 36.1 21.4 15.8 9.7 MMR : Maternal Mortality Ratio OBC 30.3 20.5 12.9 7.5 OBC 30.3 20.5 12.9 7.5 Others 28.3 13.3 13.4 8.1 Others 28.3 13.3 13.4 8.1 Total 32.9 20.0 14.0 8.8 Total 32.9 20.0 14.0 8.8

Source: NFHS-3, 2005-06, M/o H&FW, GOI Source: NFHS-3, 2005-06, M/o H&FW, GOI iii 2 2 Abbreviations

Children belonging to STs have the poorest high prevalence of wasting in this group is of ChildrenMoHFW belonging : Ministry to STs of Health have and the Family poorest Welfare high prevalence of wasting in this group is of MPCE : Monthly Per Capita Consumption Expenditure nutritional status on almost every measure and the particular concern. nutritionalMTC status: onMajor almost Time every Criteria measure and the particular concern. Prevalence of anaemia in children aged 6-59 months (Figures in percentages) MoTAPrevalence : Ministry of anaemia of Tribal in children Affairs aged 6-59 months (Figures in percentages) NCERT : National Council of Educational Research and Training

Social Groups Anemia status by hemoglobin level NCMPSocial : GroupsNational Common MinimumAnemia Programme status by hemoglobin level

Mild Moderate Severe Any anemia (<11.0 g/dl) NFHS : National Family HealthMild SurveyModerate Severe Any anemia (<11.0 g/dl) (10.0-10.9 g/dl) (7.0-9.9 g/dl) (<7.0 g/dl) NGO : Non Governmental(10.0-10.9 g/dl) Organization (7.0-9.9 g/dl) (<7.0 g/dl) ST 26.3 47.2 3.3 76.8 NIRD ST : National Institute of 26.3 Rural Development 47.2 3.3 76.8 SC 24.9 43.7 3.6 72.2 NSSO SC : National Sample Survey24.9 Office 43.7 3.6 72.2 OBC 26.7 40.5 3.0 70.3 NSTFDCOBC : National Scheduled26.7 Tribes Finance40.5 and Development3.0 Corporation 70.3 Others 26.9 34.8 2.1 63.8 OBC Others : Other Backward Classes26.9 34.8 2.1 63.8 Total 26.3 40.2 2.9 69.5 ORS Total : Oral Rehydration Salts26.3 40.2 2.9 69.5 Source: NFHS-3, 2005-06, M/o H&FW, GOI ORT : Oral Rehydration Therapy Source: NFHS-3, 2005-06, M/o H&FW, GOI PAFs : Project Affected Families Seventy seven per cent of children belonging to above 3 % are severely anemic. ST children SeventyPDS seven: perPublic cent ofDistribution children belongingSystem to above 3 % are severely anemic. ST children ST category are anemic including 26% who are top among all social groups, as far as “any STPESA category are: anemicPanchayat’s including (Extension 26% to who Scheduled are Areas)top among Act, 1996 all social groups, as far as “any mildly anemic, 47% are moderate anemic and anemia” prevailing among them is concerned. mildlyPHCs anemic, : 47%Primary are moderateHealth Centres anemic and anemia” prevailing among them is concerned. PMSY : Prime Minister’s Sadak Yojana Vaccinations of children 12-23 months (Figures in percentages) PSUs : PublicVaccinations Sector Undertakings of children 12-23 months (Figures in percentages) PTGs : Primitive Tribal Groups Social Groups All basic No vaccinations PTR : PupilSocial Teacher Groups Ratio All basic No vaccinations vaccinations PU : Proportion of Unemployedvaccinations ST 31.3 11.5 RGI : RegistrarST General of India 31.3 11.5 SC 39.7 5.4 SA : ScheduledSC Area 39.7 5.4 OBC 40.7 3.9 SCA : Special OBCCentral Assistance 40.7 3.9 Others 53.8 4.3 SCs : ScheduledOthers Castes 53.8 4.3 Total 43.5 5.1 SD : StandardTotal Deviation 43.5 5.1 SGSY : Swarnjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana Source: NFHS-3, 2005-06, M/o H&FW, GOI SHG : Self-Help Group Source: NFHS-3, 2005-06, M/o H&FW, GOI SSA : Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan A much smaller percentage of ST children are as about 12% of ST children had no A STDCCs much smaller : percentageState Tribal Development of ST children Cooperative are asCorporations about 12% of ST children had no fully vaccinated than children belonging to any vaccinations at all. fullySTs vaccinated : thanScheduled children Tribes belonging to any vaccinations at all. TB : Tuberculosis other caste/ tribe status. Not only this, as much other caste/ tribe status. Not only this, as much TBA : Traditional Birth Attendant TRIFED : Tribal Cooperative Marketing Development Federation of India Ltd. Utilization of ICDS by children (Figures in percentages) Utilization of ICDS by children (Figures in percentages) TSP : Tribal Sub Plan Social Groups Children (0 -71 months) getting Frequency of going to an AWC Social Groups Children (0 -71 months) getting Frequency of going to an AWC UA : Urban Agglomerate facilities from Anganwadi for early childhood UPS : Usual Principalfacilities Status from Anganwadi for early childhood Centre (AWC) care/preschool education Centre (AWC) care/preschool education Children (0- Children (0-71 Regularly Occasionally UPSS : Usual PrincipalChildren and (0-SubsidiaryChildren Status (0-71 Regularly Occasionally 71 age ) age ) received URP : Uniform Recall71 age Period ) age ) received receiving any UTs : Union Territoriesreceiving any any services immunizations WPR : Work-forceany Participation services Rateimmunizations from an from an AWC from an from an AWC AWC AWC ST 49.9 33.1 16.0 14.4 ST 49.9 33.1 16.0 14.4 SC 36.1 21.4 15.8 9.7 SC 36.1 21.4 15.8 9.7 OBC 30.3 20.5 12.9 7.5 OBC 30.3 20.5 12.9 7.5 Others 28.3 13.3 13.4 8.1 Others 28.3 13.3 13.4 8.1 Total 32.9 20.0 14.0 8.8 Total 32.9 20.0 14.0 8.8

Source: NFHS-3, 2005-06, M/o H&FW, GOI iv Source: NFHS-3, 2005-06, M/o H&FW, GOI 2 2 C O N T E N T S

Children belonging to STs have the poorest high prevalence of wasting in this group is of Children belonging to STs have the poorest high prevalence of wasting in this group is of Foreword i nutritional status on almost every measure and the particular concern. nutritional status on almost every measure and the particular concern. Message ii Abbreviations iii Prevalence of anaemia in children aged 6-59 months (Figures in percentages) Prevalence of anaemia in children aged 6-59 months (Figures in percentages) Overview xiii Social Groups Anemia status by hemoglobin level Social Groups Anemia status by hemoglobin level Mild Moderate Severe Any anemia (<11.0 g/dl) Mild Moderate Severe Any anemia (<11.0 g/dl) Section-1: Demographic Status of Scheduled Tribe Population and its 1 (10.0-10.9 g/dl) (7.0-9.9 g/dl) (<7.0 g/dl) (10.0-10.9 g/dl) (7.0-9.9 g/dl) (<7.0 g/dl) distribution ST 26.3 47.2 3.3 76.8 ST 26.3 47.2 3.3 76.8 SC 24.9 43.7 3.6 72.2 SC 24.9 43.7 3.6 72.2 Section-2: Status of Education among Scheduled Tribes 7 OBC 26.7 40.5 3.0 70.3 OBC 26.7 40.5 3.0 70.3 Others 26.9 34.8 2.1 63.8 Others 26.9 34.8 2.1 63.8 Section-3 Status of Health and Family Welfare among Scheduled Tribes 13 Total 26.3 40.2 2.9 69.5 Total 26.3 40.2 2.9 69.5 Source: NFHS-3, 2005-06, M/o H&FW, GOI Source: NFHS-3, 2005-06, M/o H&FW, GOI Section-4 Health Infrastructure in Tribal Areas 23 Seventy seven per cent of children belonging to above 3 % are severely anemic. ST children Seventy seven per cent of children belonging to above 3 % are severely anemic. ST children ST category are anemic including 26% who are top among all social groups, as far as “any ST category are anemic including 26% who are top among all social groups, as far as “any Section-5 Employment and Unemployment situation of the Scheduled 29 Tribes, including Migration. mildly anemic, 47% are moderate anemic and anemia” prevailing among them is concerned. mildly anemic, 47% are moderate anemic and anemia” prevailing among them is concerned. Section-6 Land, Houses, Household Amenities and Assets of Scheduled 35 Vaccinations of children 12-23 months (Figures in percentages) Vaccinations of children 12-23 months (Figures in percentages) Tribes Social Groups All basic No vaccinations Social Groups All basic No vaccinations Section-7 Poverty among Scheduled Tribes. 47 vaccinations vaccinations ST 31.3 11.5 ST 31.3 11.5 Section-8 Women Empowerment and Domestic Violence 53 SC 39.7 5.4 SC 39.7 5.4 OBC 40.7 3.9 OBC 40.7 3.9 Section-9 Crimes committed against Scheduled Tribe Men & Women 59 Others 53.8 4.3 Others 53.8 4.3 Total 43.5 5.1 Total 43.5 5.1 Tables 63 Source: NFHS-3, 2005-06, M/o H&FW, GOI Source: NFHS-3, 2005-06, M/o H&FW, GOI Annexures 187 A much smaller percentage of ST children are as about 12% of ST children had no A much smaller percentage of ST children are as about 12% of ST children had no fully vaccinated than children belonging to any vaccinations at all. fully vaccinated than children belonging to any vaccinations at all. other caste/ tribe status. Not only this, as much other caste/ tribe status. Not only this, as much

Utilization of ICDS by children (Figures in percentages) Utilization of ICDS by children (Figures in percentages)

Social Groups Children (0 -71 months) getting Frequency of going to an AWC Social Groups Children (0 -71 months) getting Frequency of going to an AWC facilities from Anganwadi for early childhood facilities from Anganwadi for early childhood Centre (AWC) care/preschool education Centre (AWC) care/preschool education Children (0- Children (0-71 Regularly Occasionally Children (0- Children (0-71 Regularly Occasionally 71 age ) age ) received 71 age ) age ) received receiving any receiving any any services immunizations any services immunizations from an from an AWC from an from an AWC AWC AWC ST 49.9 33.1 16.0 14.4 ST 49.9 33.1 16.0 14.4 SC 36.1 21.4 15.8 9.7 SC 36.1 21.4 15.8 9.7 OBC 30.3 20.5 12.9 7.5 OBC 30.3 20.5 12.9 7.5 Others 28.3 13.3 13.4 8.1 Others 28.3 13.3 13.4 8.1 Total 32.9 20.0 14.0 8.8 Total 32.9 20.0 14.0 8.8

Source: NFHS-3, 2005-06, M/o H&FW, GOI Source: NFHS-3, 2005-06, M/o H&FW, GOI v 2 2 List of Tables

Children belonging to STs have the poorest high prevalence of wasting in this group is of ChildrenTable belonging to STs have the poorest high prevalence of wasting in this group is of Descriptions Page No. No. nutritional status on almost every measure and the particular concern. nutritional status on almost every measure and the particular concern. SECTION 1: Demographic Status of Scheduled Tribe Population Prevalence of anaemia in children aged 6-59 months (Figures in percentages) Prevalence of anaemia in children aged 6-59 months (Figures in percentages) 1.1 All -India Scheduled Caste, Scheduled Tribe Population 65 Social Groups Anemia status by hemoglobin level 1.2Social State-wise Groups Demographic StatusAnemia of statusScheduled by hemoglobin Tribes as per level Census 66 Mild Moderate Severe Any anemia (<11.0 g/dl) 1991 & 2001, their decadalMild growthModerate rate and Severeproportions Any to anemia the total (<11.0 g/dl) (10.0-10.9 g/dl) (7.0-9.9 g/dl) (<7.0 g/dl) population(10.0-10.9 g/dl) (7.0-9.9 g/dl) (<7.0 g/dl) ST 26.3 47.2 3.3 76.8 1.3 ST State wise Scheduled 26.3 Castes & Scheduled 47.2 Tribes3.3 Population 76.8 67 SC 24.9 43.7 3.6 72.2 1.4 SC Child Sex Ratio (Population24.9 0-6 age43.7 group), Census3.6 2001 72.2 68 OBC 26.7 40.5 3.0 70.3 OBC 26.7 40.5 3.0 70.3 1.5 States/ UTs with Percentage of Tribal population more than the 69 Others 26.9 34.8 2.1 63.8 Others 26.9 34.8 2.1 63.8 country’s average (8.2%) Total 26.3 40.2 2.9 69.5 Total 26.3 40.2 2.9 69.5 Source: NFHS-3, 2005-06, M/o H&FW, GOI 1.6 Number of Districts, Villages & UAs/ Towns withSource: % of NFHS-3, SC/ST 2005-06, M/o H&FW, GOI 69 population in different ranges Seventy seven per cent of children belonging to above 3 % are severely anemic. ST children Seventy1.7 seven Number per cent of of districts children in belonging States/ UTs to withabove more 3than % are50% severely of ST Population anemic. ST children70 ST category are anemic including 26% who are top among all social groups, as far as “any ST category1.8 areNumber anemic of including districts 26%in States/ who areUTs withtop ST amongPopulation all socialbetween groups, 25% and as far as70 “any 50% mildly anemic, 47% are moderate anemic and anemia” prevailing among them is concerned. mildly anemic, 47% are moderate anemic and anemia” prevailing among them is concerned. 1.9 Number of CD Blocks having more than 50% ST population 71 Vaccinations of children 12-23 months (Figures in percentages) 1.10 States/Vaccinations UT s with of highest/ children lowest 12-23 % months of Scheduled(Figures Tribes, in percentages) 71 1.11 State-wise Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PTGs) and their 72 Social Groups All basic No vaccinations Social Groups All basic No vaccinations Population in India from 1961 to 2001 vaccinations vaccinations 1.12 State-wise Number and Types of Constituencies according to Social 75 ST 31.3 11.5 ST 31.3 11.5 Groups (General Elections 2009) SC 39.7 5.4 SC 39.7 5.4 OBC 40.7 3.9 SECTION OBC2 : Status of Education40.7 among Scheduled3.9 Tribes Others 53.8 4.3 2.1 Literacy RateOthers of General, Scheduled53.8 Castes and Scheduled4.3 Tribes 76 Total 43.5 5.1 PopulationTotal (1961-2001) 43.5 5.1 2.2 State/ UT wise Literacy Rates of Scheduled Tribes (Census 2001) 77 Source: NFHS-3, 2005-06, M/o H&FW, GOI Source: NFHS-3, 2005-06, M/o H&FW, GOI 2.3 Literacy rate of total population and Scheduled Tribes Population and 78 A much smaller percentage of ST children are as about 12% of ST children had no A much smallerGap percentage in Literacy of rate ST – children India /States/Union are as Territories: about 12% 1991-2001 of ST children had no 2.4 Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) for Elementary stage (I-VIII) 79 fully vaccinated than children belonging to any vaccinations at all. fully vaccinated than children belonging to any vaccinations at all. 2.5 State- wise Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) 2007-08 80 other caste/ tribe status. Not only this, as much other caste/ tribe status. Not only this, as much 2.6 Elementary (I-VIII) Gender Parity Index- All Categories, SC & ST 81 Students (1990-91 To 2007-08) Utilization of ICDS by children (Figures in percentages) Utilization of ICDS by children (Figures in percentages) th 2.7 State-wise Gender Parity Index (as on 30 Sept 2007) 82 Social Groups Children (0 -71 months) getting Frequency of going to an AWC Social Groups Children (0 -71 months) getting Frequency of going to an AWC facilities from Anganwadi for early childhood 2.8 Dropout Ratesfacilities of All fromCategories, Anganwadi ST & SC Studentsfor (1990-91 early to childhood 2007-08) 83

Centre (AWC) care/preschool education 2.9 State-wise DropoutCentre (AWC)rates of ST Students (ascare/preschool on 30th Sept education 2007) 84 Children (0- Children (0-71 Regularly Occasionally Children (0- Children (0-71 Regularly Occasionally 71 age ) age ) received 2.10 Percentage of71 Education age ) levelage ) by received sex for ST at all levels 85 receiving any 2.11 Education levelreceiving by age groupsany for Scheduled Tribes at all levels 86 any services immunizations any services immunizations from an from an AWC 2.12 Enrolment byfrom stages an (Primaryfrom anI-V) AWC of School Education, All Categories, 87 AWC SC, ST AWC ST 49.9 33.1 16.0 14.4 ST 49.9 33.1 16.0 14.4 SC 36.1 21.4 15.8 9.7 SC 36.1 21.4 15.8 9.7 OBC 30.3 20.5 12.9 7.5 OBC 30.3 20.5 12.9 7.5 Others 28.3 13.3 13.4 8.1 Others 28.3 13.3 13.4 8.1 Total 32.9 20.0 14.0 8.8 Total 32.9 20.0 14.0 8.8

Source: NFHS-3, 2005-06, M/o H&FW, GOI vi Source: NFHS-3, 2005-06, M/o H&FW, GOI 2 2 List of Tables

Children belonging to STs have the poorest high prevalence of wasting in this group is of Children belonging to STs have the poorest high prevalence of wasting in this group is of Table No. Descriptions Page No. nutritional status on almost every measure and the particular concern. nutritional status on almost every measure and the particular concern. 2.13 Enrolment by stages (Middle/ Upper Primary VI-VIII) of School 88 Prevalence of anaemia in children aged 6-59 months (Figures in percentages) Prevalence of anaemia in children aged 6-59 months (Figures in percentages) Education : All Categories, SC & ST 2.14 Enrolment by stages (Secondary/ Sr. Secondary IX-XII) of School 89 Social Groups Anemia status by hemoglobin level Social Groups Anemia status by hemoglobin level Education : All Categories, SC & ST Mild Moderate Severe Any anemia (<11.0 g/dl) Mild Moderate Severe Any anemia (<11.0 g/dl) 2.15 State- wise Enrolment by Stages of School Education of ST Students - 90 (10.0-10.9 g/dl) (7.0-9.9 g/dl) (<7.0 g/dl) (10.0-10.9 g/dl) (7.0-9.9 g/dl) (<7.0 g/dl) Pre- Primary, Primary, Upper Primary - (As on 30th Sept 2007) ST 26.3 47.2 3.3 76.8 ST 26.3 47.2 3.3 76.8 SC 24.9 43.7 3.6 72.2 SC 24.9 43.7 3.6 72.2 2.16 State – wise Enrolment by Stages of School Education of ST Students 91 OBC 26.7 40.5 3.0 70.3 OBC 26.7 40.5 3.0 70.3 (Secondary & Higher Secondary) Others 26.9 34.8 2.1 63.8 Others 26.9 34.8 2.1 63.8 2.17 State-wise Number of ST Girls enrolled Per Hundred ST Boys (As on 92 Total 26.3 40.2 2.9 69.5 Total 26.3 40.2 2.9 69.5 30th Sept 2007) Source: NFHS-3, 2005-06, M/o H&FW, GOI Source: NFHS-3, 2005-06, M/o H&FW, GOI 2.18 State -wise High School Examination Results of ST Students – 2007 93 2.19 State-wise Higher Secondary Examination Results of ST Students – 95 Seventy seven per cent of children belonging to above 3 % are severely anemic. ST children Seventy seven per cent of children belonging to above 3 % are severely anemic. ST children 2007 ST category are anemic including 26% who are top among all social groups, as far as “any ST category are anemic including 26% who are top among all social groups, as far as “any SECTION 3 : Status of Health & Family Welfare among Scheduled Tribes mildly anemic, 47% are moderate anemic and anemia” prevailing among them is concerned. mildly anemic, 47% are moderate anemic and anemia” prevailing among them is concerned. A. Infant & Child Mortality 97 Vaccinations of children 12-23 months (Figures in percentages) Vaccinations of children 12-23 months (Figures in percentages) 3.1 Early childhood mortality rates by background characteristics 97 3.2 Prenatal mortality for the five-year period preceding the NFHS-3 97 Social Groups All basic No vaccinations Social Groups All basic No vaccinations survey vaccinations vaccinations 3.3 Statewise Estimates of Infant Mortality 98 ST 31.3 11.5 ST 31.3 11.5 SC 39.7 5.4 SC 39.7 5.4 3.4 State-wise Under five Mortality 101 OBC 40.7 3.9 OBC 40.7 3.9 B. Maternal Health 103 Others 53.8 4.3 Others 53.8 4.3 3.5 Antenatal care provider 103 Total 43.5 5.1 Total 43.5 5.1 3.6 Components of antenatal care 103 Source: NFHS-3, 2005-06, M/o H&FW, GOI Source: NFHS-3, 2005-06, M/o H&FW, GOI 3.7 Antenatal- care - services and information 104 3.8 Male involvement in antenatal care 104 A much smaller percentage of ST children are as about 12% of ST children had no A much smaller percentage of ST children are as about 12% of ST children had no 3.9 Place of delivery 105 fully vaccinated than children belonging to any vaccinations at all. fully vaccinated than children belonging to any vaccinations at all. 3.10 Assistance during delivery 105 other caste/ tribe status. Not only this, as much other caste/ tribe status. Not only this, as much C. Child Health 106

Utilization of ICDS by children (Figures in percentages) Utilization of ICDS by children (Figures in percentages) 3.11 Vaccinations 106 3.12 Diarrhoea treatment 106 Social Groups Children (0 -71 months) getting Frequency of going to an AWC Social Groups Children (0 -71 months) getting Frequency of going to an AWC facilities from Anganwadi for early childhood facilities from Anganwadi for early childhood 3.13 Knowledge of ORS packets 107 Centre (AWC) care/preschool education Centre (AWC) care/preschool education Children (0- Children (0-71 Regularly Occasionally Children (0- Children (0-71 Regularly Occasionally 3.14 Utilization of ICDS services: Any services and supplementary food 107 71 age ) age ) received 71 age ) age ) received 3.15 Utilization of ICDS services: Immunization and health check-ups 108 receiving any receiving any any services immunizations any services immunizations 3.16 Utilization of ICDS services during pregnancy and while 108 from an from an AWC from an from an AWC breastfeeding: AWC AWC ST 49.9 33.1 16.0 14.4 ST 49.9 33.1 16.0 14.4 SC 36.1 21.4 15.8 9.7 SC 36.1 21.4 15.8 9.7 OBC 30.3 20.5 12.9 7.5 OBC 30.3 20.5 12.9 7.5 Others 28.3 13.3 13.4 8.1 Others 28.3 13.3 13.4 8.1 Total 32.9 20.0 14.0 8.8 Total 32.9 20.0 14.0 8.8

Source: NFHS-3, 2005-06, M/o H&FW, GOI Source: NFHS-3, 2005-06, M/o H&FW, GOI vii 2 2 List of Tables

Children belonging to STs have the poorest high prevalence of wasting in this group is of ChildrenTable belongingNo. to STs have the poorestDescription high prevalence of wasting in this Page group No. is of nutritional status on almost every measure and the particular concern. nutritionalD. status Morbidity on almost every and Health measure Care and the particular concern. 109 Prevalence of anaemia in children aged 6-59 months (Figures in percentages) Prevalence3.17 Knowledge of anaemia and in children attitude aged toward 6-59 tuberculosis: months Women (Figures in percentages)109 Social Groups Anemia status by hemoglobin level 3.18Social GroupsKnowledge and attitudeAnemia toward statustuberculosis: by hemoglobin Men level 109 Mild Moderate Severe Any anemia (<11.0 g/dl) 3.19 Health problems: MildWomen andModerate men age 15-49Severe per 100,000Any anemia reporting (<11.0 g/dl)110 (10.0-10.9 g/dl) (7.0-9.9 g/dl) (<7.0 g/dl) diabetes,(10.0-10.9 asthma, goitre g/dl) or(7.0-9.9 any other g/dl) thyroid (<7.0 g/dl)disorders (2005-06) ST 26.3 47.2 3.3 76.8 3.20 ST Use of tobacco By SC, 26.3 ST, Others 47.2, All 3.3 76.8110 SC 24.9 43.7 3.6 72.2 SC 24.9 43.7 3.6 72.2 3.21 Use of alcohol: Women 111 OBC 26.7 40.5 3.0 70.3 OBC 26.7 40.5 3.0 70.3 Others 26.9 34.8 2.1 63.8 3.22Others Use of alcohol: Men26.9 34.8 2.1 63.8111 Total 26.3 40.2 2.9 69.5 3.23Total Health insurance coverage26.3 40.2 2.9 69.5112 Source: NFHS-3, 2005-06, M/o H&FW, GOI 3.24 Recent visits to a health facility: Women Source: NFHS-3, 2005-06, M/o H&FW, GOI112 3.25 Recent visits to a health facility: Men Seventy seven per cent of children belonging to above 3 % are severely anemic. ST children Seventy seven per cent of children belonging to above 3 % are severely anemic. ST 113 children 3.26 Problems in accessing health care ST category are anemic including 26% who are top among all social groups, as far as “any ST category are anemic including 26% who are top among all social groups, as far 114 as “any mildly anemic, 47% are moderate anemic and anemia” prevailing among them is concerned. mildly anemic,E. 47%Fertility are moderate anemic and anemia” prevailing among them is concerned.115 3.27 Median age at first marriage : Women 115 (Figures in percentages) (Figures in percentages) Vaccinations of children 12-23 months 3.28 MedianVaccinations age at offirst children marriage: 12-23 Men months 115 Social Groups All basic No vaccinations F. FamilySocial Planning Groups All basic No vaccinations 116 vaccinations 3.29 Need for family planningvaccinations among currently married women 116 ST 31.3 11.5 G. HIV - AIDSST Knowledge: Knowledge,31.3 Attitude 11.5& Behavior 117 SC 39.7 5.4 SC 39.7 5.4 3.30 Knowledge of AIDS: Women 117 OBC 40.7 3.9 OBC 40.7 3.9 Others 53.8 4.3 3.31 KnowledgeOthers of AIDS: Men53.8 4.3 117 Total 43.5 5.1 3.32 PrevalenceTotal of HIV among 43.5couples 5.1 118 Source: NFHS-3, 2005-06, M/o H&FW, GOI 3.33 Knowledge of prevention of HIV transmissionSource: NFHS-3, from 2005-06, a mother M/o H&FW, to GOI her 118 baby A much smaller percentage of ST children are as about 12% of ST children had no A much3.34 smallerCoverage percentage of prior of ST HIV children testing are as about 12% of ST children had119 no fully vaccinated than children belonging to any vaccinations at all. fully vaccinated3.35 Comprehensive than children belonging knowledge to anyabout HIV/AIDS:vaccinations Women at all. 120 other caste/ tribe status. Not only this, as much other caste/3.36 tribeComprehensive status. Not only knowledge this, as much about HIV/AIDS: Men 121 H. Nutritional status of ST men & Women 122 Utilization of ICDS by children (Figures in percentages) 3.37 UtilizationNutritional of ICDS status by of children women (Figures in percentages) 122

Social Groups Children (0 -71 months) getting Frequency of going to an AWC 3.38 SocialNutritional Groups Childrenstatus of (0 men -71 months) getting Frequency of going to an AWC 122 facilities from Anganwadi for early childhood facilities from Anganwadi for early childhood Centre (AWC) care/preschool education 3.39 Prevalence ofCentre anaemia (AWC) in women care/preschool education 123

Children (0- Children (0-71 Regularly Occasionally 3.40 Prevalence ofChildren anaemia (0- inChildren men (0-71 Regularly Occasionally 123 71 age ) age ) received 71 age ) age ) received receiving any 3.41 Micronutrientreceiving intake amongany children 124 any services immunizations 3.42 Women’s foodany consumption services immunizations 125 from an from an AWC from an from an AWC AWC 3.43 Men’s food AWCconsumption 125 ST 49.9 33.1 16.0 14.4 ST 49.9 33.1 16.0 14.4 SC 36.1 21.4 15.8 9.7 SC 36.1 21.4 15.8 9.7 OBC 30.3 20.5 12.9 7.5 OBC 30.3 20.5 12.9 7.5 Others 28.3 13.3 13.4 8.1 Others 28.3 13.3 13.4 8.1 Total 32.9 20.0 14.0 8.8 Total 32.9 20.0 14.0 8.8

Source: NFHS-3, 2005-06, M/o H&FW, GOI viii Source: NFHS-3, 2005-06, M/o H&FW, GOI 2 2 List of Tables

Social Groups Anemia status by hemoglobin level Social Groups Anemia status by hemoglobin level 4.2 Building Position for Sub Centres in Tribal Areas 127 Mild Moderate Severe Any anemia (<11.0 g/dl) Mild Moderate Severe Any anemia (<11.0 g/dl) (10.0-10.9 g/dl) (7.0-9.9 g/dl) (<7.0 g/dl) (10.0-10.9 g/dl) (7.0-9.9 g/dl) (<7.0 g/dl) 4.3 Building Position for PHCs in Tribal Areas 128 ST 26.3 47.2 3.3 76.8 ST 26.3 47.2 3.3 76.8 4.4 Building Position for CHCs in Tribal Areas 129 SC 24.9 43.7 3.6 72.2 SC 24.9 43.7 3.6 72.2 OBC 26.7 40.5 3.0 70.3 OBC 26.7 40.5 3.0 70.3 4.5 Health Worker (F) ANM at Sub Centre in Tribal Areas 130 Others 26.9 34.8 2.1 63.8 Others 26.9 34.8 2.1 63.8 Total 26.3 40.2 2.9 69.5 Total 26.3 40.2 2.9 69.5 4.6 Health Worker (M) at Sub Centre in Tribal Areas 131 Source: NFHS-3, 2005-06, M/o H&FW, GOI Source: NFHS-3, 2005-06, M/o H&FW, GOI 4.7 Doctors at PHCs in Tribal Areas 132 Seventy seven per cent of children belonging to above 3 % are severely anemic. ST children Seventy seven per cent of children belonging to above 3 % are severely anemic. ST children 4.8 Surgeon at CHCs in Tribal Areas 133 ST category are anemic including 26% who are top among all social groups, as far as “any ST category are anemic including 26% who are top among all social groups, as far as “any 4.9 Obstetricians & Gynecologist at CHCs in Tribal Areas 134 mildly anemic, 47% are moderate anemic and anemia” prevailing among them is concerned. mildly anemic, 47% are moderate anemic and anemia” prevailing among them is concerned. 4.10 Physicians at CHCs in Tribal Areas 135 Vaccinations of children 12-23 months (Figures in percentages) Vaccinations of children 12-23 months (Figures in percentages) 4.11 Pediatricians at CHCs in Tribal Areas 136 Social Groups All basic No vaccinations Social Groups All basic No vaccinations 4.12 Total Specialists at CHCs in Tribal Areas 137 vaccinations vaccinations ST 31.3 11.5 ST 31.3 11.5 4.13 Radiographers at CHCs in Tribal Areas 138 SC 39.7 5.4 SC 39.7 5.4 4.14 Pharmacists at PHCs & CHCs in Tribal Areas 139 OBC 40.7 3.9 OBC 40.7 3.9 4.15 Lab Technicians at PHCs & CHCs in Tribal Areas (As on March 2008) 140 Others 53.8 4.3 Others 53.8 4.3 4.16 Nurse/Midwife/Staff Nurse at PHCs & CHCs in Tribal Area 141 Total 43.5 5.1 Total 43.5 5.1 (As on March, 2008) Source: NFHS-3, 2005-06, M/o H&FW, GOI Source: NFHS-3, 2005-06, M/o H&FW, GOI SECTION 5: Employment and Unemployment Situation of the STs, including Migration 5.1 Occupational Distribution : Percentage of Working and Non- Working 142 A much smaller percentage of ST children are as about 12% of ST children had no A much smaller percentage of ST children are as about 12% of ST children had no Population- SC, ST & All fully vaccinated than children belonging to any vaccinations at all. fully vaccinated than children belonging to any vaccinations at all. 5.2 Labour Force, Work Force Participation Rate and proportion of Unem- 143 other caste/ tribe status. Not only this, as much other caste/ tribe status. Not only this, as much ployed (PU) per 1000 persons for different social groups 5.3 Labour force participation rate (LFPR), Worker population ratio 144 Utilization of ICDS by children (Figures in percentages) Utilization of ICDS by children (Figures in percentages) (WPR), proportion unemployed (PU) for each State /UT for Scheduled Tribes in Rural Areas Social Groups Children (0 -71 months) getting Frequency of going to an AWC Social Groups Children (0 -71 months) getting Frequency of going to an AWC facilities from Anganwadi for early childhood facilities from Anganwadi for early childhood 5.4 Labour force participation rate (LFPR), Worker population ratio 145 Centre (AWC) care/preschool education Centre (AWC) care/preschool education (WPR), proportion unemployed (PU) for each State /UT for Scheduled

Children (0- Children (0-71 Regularly Occasionally Children (0- Children (0-71 Regularly Occasionally Tribes in Urban Areas 71 age ) age ) received 71 age ) age ) received receiving any receiving any 5.5 Labour force participation rate (LFPR), Worker population ratio 146 any services immunizations any services immunizations (WPR), proportion unemployed (PU) for each State /UT for Scheduled from an from an AWC from an from an AWC Tribes in Rural+ Urban Areas AWC AWC 5.6 Average Daily Wages/ Earning in (Rs.) across Social Groups (2004-05) 147 ST 49.9 33.1 16.0 14.4 ST 49.9 33.1 16.0 14.4 SC 36.1 21.4 15.8 9.7 SC 36.1 21.4 15.8 9.7 OBC 30.3 20.5 12.9 7.5 OBC 30.3 20.5 12.9 7.5 Others 28.3 13.3 13.4 8.1 Others 28.3 13.3 13.4 8.1 Total 32.9 20.0 14.0 8.8 Total 32.9 20.0 14.0 8.8

Source: NFHS-3, 2005-06, M/o H&FW, GOI Source: NFHS-3, 2005-06, M/o H&FW, GOI ix 2 2 List of Tables

Children belonging to STs have the poorest high prevalence of wasting in this group is of Children belonging to STs have the poorest high prevalence of wasting in this group is of Table No. Descriptions Page No. nutritional status on almost every measure and the particular concern. nutritional status on almost every measure and the particular concern. 5.7 Selected characteristics of Non-agricultural Own Account 148 Prevalence of anaemia in children aged 6-59 months (Figures in percentages) Prevalenceestablishments of anaemia in by children Major Activity aged 6-59 Groups months – Rural, Urban(Figures and in percentages) Combined Social Groups Anemia status by hemoglobin level Social Groups Anemia status by hemoglobin level Mild Moderate Severe Any anemia (<11.0 g/dl) 5.8 Selected characteristicsMild of Non-agriculturalModerate SevereEstablishments Any anemia (with (<11.0hired g/dl) 149 (10.0-10.9 g/dl) (7.0-9.9 g/dl) (<7.0 g/dl) worker) by(10.0-10.9 Major Activity g/dl) (7.0-9.9 Groups g/dl) – Rural, (<7.0 Urban g/dl) and Combined ST 26.3 47.2 3.3 76.8 5.9 ST Migrant households 26.3 in different social 47.2 groups and3.3 changes over time , 76.8 150 SC 24.9 43.7 3.6 72.2 SC NSS 64th Round 24.9 43.7 3.6 72.2 OBC 26.7 40.5 3.0 70.3 5.10OBC Migration rate for different26.7 social 40.5groups 3.0 70.3 150 Others 26.9 34.8 2.1 63.8 5.11Others Migration rates across26.9 different Monthly34.8 Per Capita2.1 Expenditure 63.8 151 Total 26.3 40.2 2.9 69.5 Total (MPCE) levels 26.3 40.2 2.9 69.5 Source: NFHS-3, 2005-06, M/o H&FW, GOI 5.12 Distribution (per 1000) of migrants by reason forSource: migration NFHS-3, 2005-06,for each M/o H&FW, GOI152 location of last residence for household social group Seventy seven per cent of children belonging to above 3 % are severely anemic. ST children Seventy seven per cent of children belonging to above 3 % are severely anemic. ST children 5.13 Average household consumer expenditure (Rs.) during the last 365 153 ST category are anemic including 26% who are top among all social groups, as far as “any ST category aredays anemic including 26% who are top among all social groups, as far as “any mildly anemic, 47% are moderate anemic and anemia” prevailing among them is concerned. mildly5.14 anemic,Total 47% No. are of moderate ST Swarojgaris anemic Assisted and underanemia” SGSY prevailing among them is concerned.154 5.15 State-wise number of person-days of wage employment generated for 155 (Figures in percentages) (Figures in percentages) Vaccinations of children 12-23 months theVaccinations STs during the of childrenyears 2006-07, 12-23 months2007-08 & 2008-09, under NREGA Social Groups All basic No vaccinations 5.16 RepresentationSocial Groups in General All basicService No vaccinations 156 vaccinations SECTION 6 : Land, Houses,vaccinations Household Amenities and Assets of Scheduled Tribes ST 31.3 11.5 ST 31.3 11.5 6.1 Land: Number and Area of Holding according to Size for Scheduled 157 SC 39.7 5.4 Tribes SC 39.7 5.4 OBC 40.7 3.9 OBC 40.7 3.9 6.2 Distribution of Scheduled Tribe households by the Condition of 158 Others 53.8 4.3 Census HousesOthers Occupied 53.8 4.3 Total 43.5 5.1 Total 43.5 5.1 6.3 Distribution of Scheduled Tribe households by Type of Census Houses 158 Source: NFHS-3, 2005-06, M/o H&FW, GOI Occupied Source: NFHS-3, 2005-06, M/o H&FW, GOI 6.4 Distribution of Scheduled Tribe households by Source of Drinking 159 A much smaller percentage of ST children are as about 12% of ST children had no A much smallerWater percentage and its location of ST children are as about 12% of ST children had no fully vaccinated than children belonging to any vaccinations at all. fully vaccinated6.5 Distribution than children of Scheduled belonging toTribe any households vaccinations by Availability at all. of 160 other caste/ tribe status. Not only this, as much other caste/ tribeBathroom, status. NotType only of Latrine this, as muchand & Type of Drainage Connectivity for Waste Water Outlet Utilization of ICDS by children (Figures in percentages) 6.6 UtilizationDistribution of ICDS of Scheduled by children Tribe households by Availability (Figures in percentages) of Separate 160 Kitchen and Type of Fuel Used for Cooking. Social Groups Children (0 -71 months) getting Frequency of going to an AWC Social Groups Children (0 -71 months) getting Frequency of going to an AWC facilities from Anganwadi for early childhood 6.7 Number of Scheduledfacilities from Tribe Anganwadi households availingfor Banking early services childhood and 161 Centre (AWC) care/preschool education possessing specifiedCentre (AWC) Asset. care/preschool education

Children (0- Children (0-71 Regularly Occasionally 6.8 Distribution ofChildren Scheduled (0- Children Tribe households (0-71 Regularly by Source of OccasionallyLighting 161 71 age ) age ) received 71 age ) age ) received receiving any receiving any any services immunizations 6.9 Distribution (perany services 1000) of immunizationshouseholds by major sources (most used) of 162 from an from an AWC drinking waterfrom during an lastfrom 365 andays AWC (All- India) AWC 6.10 State-wise numberAWC of Houses completed and allotted / Houses 163 ST 49.9 33.1 16.0 14.4 ST 49.9 33.1 16.0 14.4 SC 36.1 21.4 15.8 9.7 sanctionedSC for the36.1 STs during the21.4 years 2006-07,15.8 2007-08, 2008-099.7 under Indira Awaas Yojana (IAY) OBC 30.3 20.5 12.9 7.5 OBC 30.3 20.5 12.9 7.5 Others 28.3 13.3 13.4 8.1 Others 28.3 13.3 13.4 8.1 Total 32.9 20.0 14.0 8.8 Total 32.9 20.0 14.0 8.8

Source: NFHS-3, 2005-06, M/o H&FW, GOI x Source: NFHS-3, 2005-06, M/o H&FW, GOI 2 2 List of Tables

Children belonging to STs have the poorest high prevalence of wasting in this group is of Children belonging to STs have the poorest high prevalence of wasting in this group is of Table No. Description Page No. nutritional status on almost every measure and the particular concern. nutritional status on almost every measure and the particular concern. SECTION 7: Poverty among Scheduled Tribes Prevalence of anaemia in children aged 6-59 months (Figures in percentages) Prevalence of anaemia in children aged 6-59 months (Figures in percentages) 7.1 Statewise percentage of ST Population below Poverty line for 164 Social Groups Anemia status by hemoglobin level Social Groups Anemia status by hemoglobin level 1993-94 and 1999-2000 Mild Moderate Severe Any anemia (<11.0 g/dl) Mild Moderate Severe Any anemia (<11.0 g/dl) 7.2 Social Class wise Poverty among Different Land Size Groups in 164 (10.0-10.9 g/dl) (7.0-9.9 g/dl) (<7.0 g/dl) (10.0-10.9 g/dl) (7.0-9.9 g/dl) (<7.0 g/dl) Rural areas (1999-2000) ST 26.3 47.2 3.3 76.8 ST 26.3 47.2 3.3 76.8 7.3 State wise percentage of Population below Poverty line (Social 165 SC 24.9 43.7 3.6 72.2 SC 24.9 43.7 3.6 72.2 Group wise) 2004-05 OBC 26.7 40.5 3.0 70.3 OBC 26.7 40.5 3.0 70.3 7.4 Incidence of Poverty among STs in Different States 165 Others 26.9 34.8 2.1 63.8 Others 26.9 34.8 2.1 63.8 7.5 Social class wise poverty among Different Land size groups in 166 Total 26.3 40.2 2.9 69.5 Total 26.3 40.2 2.9 69.5 Rural Areas (1999-2000) Source: NFHS-3, 2005-06, M/o H&FW, GOI Source: NFHS-3, 2005-06, M/o H&FW, GOI SECTION 8: Women Empowerment and Domestic Violence Seventy seven per cent of children belonging to above 3 % are severely anemic. ST children Seventy seven per cent of children belonging to above 3 % are severely anemic. ST children A. Women Empowerment 167 ST category are anemic including 26% who are top among all social groups, as far as “any ST category are anemic including 26% who are top among all social groups, as far as “any 8.1 Control over women’s cash earnings and relative magnitude of 167 mildly anemic, 47% are moderate anemic and anemia” prevailing among them is concerned. mildly anemic, 47% are moderate anemic and anemia” prevailing among them is concerned. women’s cash earnings: Women’s reports 8.2 Control over women’s cash earnings and relative magnitude of 167 Vaccinations of children 12-23 months (Figures in percentages) Vaccinations of children 12-23 months (Figures in percentages) women’s cash earnings: Men’s reports Social Groups All basic No vaccinations Social Groups All basic No vaccinations 8.3 Women’s participation in decision making 168 vaccinations vaccinations 8.4 Men’s attitude toward wives’ participation in decision making 168 ST 31.3 11.5 ST 31.3 11.5 8.5 Women’s access to money and credit 169 SC 39.7 5.4 SC 39.7 5.4 8.6 Women’s freedom of movement 169 OBC 40.7 3.9 OBC 40.7 3.9 Others 53.8 4.3 Others 53.8 4.3 B. Domestic Violence 170 Total 43.5 5.1 Total 43.5 5.1 8.7 Experience of physical violence 170 Source: NFHS-3, 2005-06, M/o H&FW, GOI Source: NFHS-3, 2005-06, M/o H&FW, GOI 8.8 Experience of sexual violence 170 8.9 Different forms of Spousal violence 171 A much smaller percentage of ST children are as about 12% of ST children had no A much smaller percentage of ST children are as about 12% of ST children had no 8.10 Help seeking to stop violence 171 fully vaccinated than children belonging to any vaccinations at all. fully vaccinated than children belonging to any vaccinations at all. SECTION 9: Crimes committed against ST men & Women other caste/ tribe status. Not only this, as much other caste/ tribe status. Not only this, as much 9.1 Year-wise Comparative Incidence of Crime Against Scheduled 172 Utilization of ICDS by children (Figures in percentages) Utilization of ICDS by children (Figures in percentages) Tribes (Figures in percentages)

Social Groups Children (0 -71 months) getting Frequency of going to an AWC Social Groups Children (0 -71 months) getting Frequency of going to an AWC 9.2 State-wise Incidence & Rate of Crimes Committed Against 173 facilities from Anganwadi for early childhood facilities from Anganwadi for early childhood Scheduled Tribes During 2007 Centre (AWC) care/preschool education Centre (AWC) care/preschool education

Children (0- Children (0-71 Regularly Occasionally Children (0- Children (0-71 Regularly Occasionally 9.3 Incidence (I), Rate (R) and Percentage Contribution to All India 174 71 age ) age ) received 71 age ) age ) received receiving any receiving any (P) of Crimes Committed Against Scheduled Tribes during 2007 any services immunizations any services immunizations from an from an AWC from an from an AWC 9.4 Disposal of Cases by Courts for Crimes Committed Against 178 AWC AWC Scheduled Tribes during 2007 – Crime Heads ST 49.9 33.1 16.0 14.4 ST 49.9 33.1 16.0 14.4 SC 36.1 21.4 15.8 9.7 SC 36.1 21.4 15.8 9.7 OBC 30.3 20.5 12.9 7.5 OBC 30.3 20.5 12.9 7.5 Others 28.3 13.3 13.4 8.1 Others 28.3 13.3 13.4 8.1 Total 32.9 20.0 14.0 8.8 Total 32.9 20.0 14.0 8.8

Source: NFHS-3, 2005-06, M/o H&FW, GOI Source: NFHS-3, 2005-06, M/o H&FW, GOI xi 2 2 List of Tables

Children belonging to STs have the poorest high prevalence of wasting in this group is of ChildrenTable belongingNo. to STs have the poorestDescription high prevalence of wasting in this Page group No. is of nutritional status on almost every measure and the particular concern. nutritional status on almost every measure and the particular concern. 9.5 State-wise Disposal of Cases by Courts for Crimes Committed 179 Prevalence of anaemia in children aged 6-59 months (Figures in percentages) Prevalence ofAgainst anaemia Scheduled in children Tribes aged during 6-59 months 2007 (Figures in percentages) Social Groups Anemia status by hemoglobin level Social9.6 GroupsDisposal of Cases by CourtsAnemia for status Crimes by hemoglobinCommitted level against 180 Mild Moderate Severe Any anemia (<11.0 g/dl) Scheduled TribesMild during Moderate2007 Severe Any anemia (<11.0 g/dl) (10.0-10.9 g/dl) (7.0-9.9 g/dl) (<7.0 g/dl) (10.0-10.9 g/dl) (7.0-9.9 g/dl) (<7.0 g/dl) ST 26.3 47.2 3.3 76.8 ST 26.3 47.2 3.3 76.8 SC 24.9 43.7 3.6 72.2 SC 24.9 43.7 3.6 72.2 OBC 26.7 40.5 3.0 70.3 OBC 26.7 40.5 3.0 70.3 Others 26.9 34.8 2.1 63.8 Others 26.9 34.8 2.1 63.8 Total 26.3 40.2 2.9 69.5 ListTotal of Maps 26.3 40.2 2.9 69.5 Source: NFHS-3, 2005-06, M/o H&FW, GOI Source: NFHS-3, 2005-06, M/o H&FW, GOI Map 1 Percentage of Scheduled Tribe Population 4 Seventy seven per cent of children belonging to above 3 % are severely anemic. ST children Seventy seven per cent of children belonging to above 3 % are severely anemic. ST children Map 2 Scheduled Tribes Households Having Permanent Houses 41 ST category are anemic including 26% who are top among all social groups, as far as “any ST category are anemic including 26% who are top among all social groups, as far as “any 2001 mildly anemic, 47% are moderate anemic and anemia” prevailing among them is concerned. mildlyMap anemic, 3 47% areSchedules moderate Tribes anemic Households and havinganemia” Tap prevailing as Source amongof them is concerned.42 Drinking Water 2001 Vaccinations of children 12-23 months (Figures in percentages) Vaccinations of children 12-23 months (Figures in percentages) Map 4 Schedules Tribes Households having Handpump as Source 43 Social Groups All basic No vaccinations Socialof Drinking Groups Water All 2001 basic No vaccinations vaccinations vaccinations ST 31.3 11.5 Map 5 SchedulesST Tribes Households31.3 having Tubewell11.5 as Source of 44 SC 39.7 5.4 DrinkingSC Water 200139.7 5.4 OBC 40.7 3.9 Map 6 SchedulesOBC Tribes Households40.7 having Latrine 3.9Facilities 2001 45 Others 53.8 4.3 Others 53.8 4.3 Total 43.5 5.1 Map 7 SchedulesTotal Tribes Households43.5 having Source of5.1 Lighting- 46 Electricity 2001 Source: NFHS-3, 2005-06, M/o H&FW, GOI Source: NFHS-3, 2005-06, M/o H&FW, GOI

A much smaller percentage of ST children are as about 12% of ST children had no A much smaller percentage of ST children are as about 12% of ST children had no fully vaccinated than children belonging to any vaccinations at all. fully vaccinated than children belonging to any vaccinations at all. other caste/ tribe status. Not only this, as much other caste/ tribe status. Not only this, as much Annexure Utilization of ICDS by children (Figures in percentages) Utilization of ICDS by children (Figures in percentages)

Social Groups Children (0 -71 months) getting Frequency of going to an AWC Annexure SocialI GroupsDefinitionChildren of (0 Scheduled -71 months) gettingAreas Frequency of going to an AWC 185 facilities from Anganwadi for early childhood facilities from Anganwadi for early childhood Centre (AWC) care/preschool education Annexure II State-wiseCentre (AWC)List of Scheduled Areascare/preschool education 187 Children (0- Children (0-71 Regularly Occasionally Children (0- Children (0-71 Regularly Occasionally 71 age ) age ) received 71 age ) age ) received receiving any Annexure III State-wisereceiving List of anyScheduled Tribes in India 225 any services immunizations any services immunizations from an from an AWC from an from an AWC Annexure IV Schemes for Tribal Development 239 AWC AWC ST 49.9 33.1 16.0 14.4 ST 49.9 33.1 16.0 14.4 SC 36.1 21.4 15.8 9.7 SC 36.1 21.4 15.8 9.7 OBC 30.3 20.5 12.9 7.5 OBC 30.3 20.5 12.9 7.5 Others 28.3 13.3 13.4 8.1 Others 28.3 13.3 13.4 8.1 Total 32.9 20.0 14.0 8.8 Total 32.9 20.0 14.0 8.8

Source: NFHS-3, 2005-06, M/o H&FW, GOI xii Source: NFHS-3, 2005-06, M/o H&FW, GOI 2 2 Overview

This publication has been divided into nine sections.

Section-1 covers population and the demographic distribution of Scheduled Tribes.

Section-2 looks at a ainment and deprivation in the areas of education of Scheduled Tribes measured through literacy rates, enrolment ratios and dropout rates, etc.

Section-3 shows achievements in the health and family welfare sector reached by Scheduled Tribes as a result of implementation of various programmes in this direction. The achievements have been measured through various important parameters like infant and child mortality; health status is measured through nutritional status of children and incidence of anaemia prevailing amongst children & women, vaccinations, reproductive & child health by delivery care and assistance provided by medical staﬀ . Health insurance, awareness of AIDS, etc. are also covered in this Section.

Section-4 covers the health infrastructure available in all the Tribal Areas. It gives an insight into the number of Sub-Centers, Primary Health Centers and Community Health Centers and quantitative data on various health professionals present in these locations. The economic situation of all the tribal population is directly related to their employment and their working status.

Section-5 gives us a glimpse into the employment and unemployment situations and also the migration of Scheduled Tribes.

Section-6 provides us information about the distribution of houses, household amenities and the assets of Scheduled Tribes.

Section-7 analyses poverty ratios and highlights the factors responsible for poverty in Scheduled Tribes.

Section-8 has data on empowerment of the tribal women and also provides a view of the domestic violence aﬀ ecting them.

Section-9 includes cases of violence against Scheduled Tribe men and women and also major crimes commi ed against them reported under various Acts, viz. Civil Rights Act and Prevention of Atrocities Act. In the publication, achievements/ a ainments in any area by Scheduled Tribes have also been compared with their contemporary social groups like ‘Scheduled Castes’, ‘Other Backward Castes’ and ‘General’, wherever data permit.

xiii

SECTION-1 DEMOGRAPHIC STATUS OF SCHEDULED TRIBE POPULATION AND ITS DISTRIBUTION

Section-1: Demographic Status of Scheduled Tribe population and its distribution

Scheduled Tribes Distribution of Tribes

• Article 366 (25) of the Constitution of India • The tribal population of the country, as per refers to Scheduled Tribes as those communi- the 2001 census, is 8.43 crore, constituting ties, who are scheduled in accordance with Ar- 8.2% of the total population with 91.7% of ticle 342 of the Constitution. This Article says them living in rural areas and 8.3% in urban that only those communities who have been areas. The population of tribes had grown at declared as such by the President through an the growth rate of 24.45% during 1991-2001. initial public notifi cation or through a sub- More than half of the Scheduled Tribe popu- sequent amending Act of Parliament will be lation is concentrated in the States of Madhya considered to be Scheduled Tribes. Pradesh (14.51), Maharashtra (10.17), Orissa (9.66), Gujarat (8.87), Rajasthan (8.42) and Jharkhand (8.4). • The list of Scheduled Tribes is State/ UT specifi c and a community declared as a Sched- • Tribal communities live in about 15% of the uled Tribe in a State need not be so in anoth- country’s areas, in various ecological and er State. The inclusion of a community as a geo-climatic conditions ranging from plains Scheduled Tribe is an ongoing process. The and forests to hills and inaccessible areas. essential characteristics, fi rst laid down by Tribal groups are at diff erent stages of so- the Lokur Commi ee, for a community to be cial, economic and educational development. identifi ed as Scheduled Tribes are – While some tribal communities have adopted a mainstream way of life, at the other end a) indications of primitive traits; of the spectrum, there are certain Scheduled b) distinctive culture; Tribes, 75 in number known as Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PTGs), who are c) shyness of contact with the community characterised by:- at large; a) pre-agriculture level of technology; d) geographical isolation; and b) stagnant or declining population; e) backwardness. c) extremely low literacy; and

d) subsistence level of economy.

3 Map-1: Percentage of Scheduled Tribe Population

4 • The trend in ST population since Census 30.1 million in 1961, the ST population has 1961 is illustrated in the table below. From increased to 84.3 million in 2001.

Trends in Proportion of Scheduled Tribe Population Census Year Total population Scheduled Tribes Proportion (in millions) population of STs population (in millions) 1961 439.2 30.1 6.9 1971 547.9 38.0 6.9 1981 # 665.3 51.6 7.8 1991 @ 838.6 67.8 8.1 2001 $ 1028.6 84.3 8.2 Source: Report of the Task Group on Development of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, Planning Commission, 2005

# Excludes Assam in 1981 @ Excludes Jammu & Kashmir in 1991 $ The ﬁ gures exclude Mao-Maram, Paomata and Purul sub-divisions of Senapati district of Manipur

• More than two-third of the ST population is • 16 States and 4 UTs have higher % of ST pop- concentrated only in the seven States of the ulation than country’s average (8.2%) country, viz. Madhya Pradesh, Maharash- • In 2 States (Punjab and Haryana) and 3 UTs tra, Orissa, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Jharkhand (Puducherry, Delhi and Chandigarh), there and Chha isgarh. is no ST population as no Scheduled Tribe is notiﬁ ed.

Concentration of ST Population across Districts S. No. Percentage of STs population No. of Districts 1. Less than 1 per cent 173 2. Between 1 and 5 per cent 106 3. Between 5 and 20 per cent 124 4. Between 20 and 35 per cent 42 5. Between 35 and 50 per cent 23 6. 50 per cent and above 75 Total 543 Source: Report of the Task Group on Development of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, Planning Commission, 2005 Note: Out of 593 districts in India, in 50 districts of Punjab, Chandigarh, Haryana, Delhi and Puducherry, there is no Scheduled Tribes population, as no Scheduled Tribe is notiﬁ ed there.

5 • At the district level, there are 75 districts • Out of 13 districts in Arunachal Pradesh, 9 where ST population is 50 per cent or more districts have more than 50 % of ST popula- as per the 2001 Census. tion.

• Out of these 75 districts, 41 districts are in 8 • 25 districts in the country have more than North Eastern States. 90% of ST population.

• All the districts in Mizoram, Meghalaya and • Out of 6380 CD blocks, 716 blocks have more Nagaland have more than 60% of ST Popu- than 50% of ST population. lation.

6 SECTION- 2 STATUS OF EDUCATION AMONG SCHEDULED TRIBES

Section - 2: Status of Education among Scheduled Tribes

• Literacy Rate (LR) is deﬁ ned as percentage has been, however, all along lower both for of literates among the population aged seven males and females STs as compared to SCs years and above. and Total Population (Table 2.1).

• Male - female gap in literacy rate increased • For the Scheduled Tribe Population in India, from 22.46 percentage points in 1991 to 24.41 the Literacy Rate increased from 8.53 percent percentage points in 2001 for STs while for in 1961 to 47.10 percent in 2001 for STs while the total population, it declined from 24.84 the corresponding increase for total popula- percentage points in 1991 to 21.59 percent- tion was from 28.30 percent in 1961 to 64.84 age points in 2001 for total population. For percent in 2001 (Table 2.1 and the graph be- SCs, this gap decreased from 26.15 in 1991 to low). 24.74 in 2001. (Table 2.1)

• Among states Mizoram and Lakshadweep have highest LR for STs, while the lowest LR was observed in Bihar and U ar Pradesh. (Table 2.2). Gap in LR was highest in Tam- il Nadu in 1991 and 2001 and decreased only marginally in 2001 for Tamil Nadu. (Table 2.3)

• Eleven states having Literacy Rates less than country’s average for ST population are indicated in the table below.

States having ST literacy rates less than countries average for STs S. State/ UT Literacy Rate No.

1. Bihar 28.17 2. U ar Pradesh 35.13 3. Andhra Pradesh 37.04 Source: Census of India 4. Orissa 37.37 5. Jammu & Kashmir 37.46 Literacy Rate (LR) of General, SC and ST 6. Jharkhand 40.67 Population during 1961-2001 7. Madhya Pradesh 41.16 8. Dadra & Nagar Haveli 41.24 • Literacy Rate (LR) increased by 17.5 per- 9. Tamil Nadu 41.53 centage points from 1991 to 2001 for STs and 10. West Bengal 43.40 increased by 12.63 percentage points for to- 11. Rajasthan 44.66 tal population during the same period. LR Source : Census 2001

9 • Across India, 108 districts have female Sched- Tribe population, 11 districts have female uled Tribe Literacy rate below 20%. Out of Scheduled Tribe literacy rate below 20%. 125 districts with more than 25 % Scheduled

These districts are:

Districts with >25% ST Population & <20% Female Literacy State Name of districts Gajapati, Nuapada, Kalahandi, Rayagada, Koraput and Orissa Malkangiri Madhya Pradesh Jhabua and Barawani Jharkhand Pakaur, Sahibganj Chha isgarh Dan ewada

GROSS ENROLMENT RATIO (GER)

• Gross Enrollment Ratio (GER) for elementary was more pronounced as compared to other stage (Classes I-VIII) is deﬁ ned as percentage social groups. of the enrolment in Elementary stage to the • GER has increased from 80.4 in 1990-91 estimated child population in the age group to 109.6 in 2007-08 for all STs and from of 6 to 14 years. 78.6 in 1990-91 to 100.5 in 2007-08 for total • The GER for STs in the elementary stage of population. From 2003-04 to 2007-08, the education has improved considerably from gross enrolment ratio was higher for STs 1990-91 to 2007-08 (Table 2.4). The GER than SCs and Total population, both for male for ST girls improved from 60.2 in 1990-91 and female (Table 2.4). to 104.2 in 2007-08. Overall the GER of STs • State wise GER of ST students in 2007-08

10 indicate that while Sikkim has highest GER Education Level (250.81) in the primary classes, Himachal • Analysis of data of Census 2001, on Pradesh has the highest GER in upper percentage of STs by gender across diﬀ erent primary Classes VI-VIII (Table 2.5). levels of education shows a gradual decline, • Gender Parity Index (GPI) in elementary starting from ‘Below Primary’ classes to education for STs has increased from 0.6 in ‘Graduate and above’. The decline in the 1990-91 to 0.9 2007-08 (See graph) percentage of STs by gender is almost similar • Statewise proﬁ le of GPI for STs shows that and uniform in both rural and urban areas. Assam & Sikkim has the highest GPOI in the (Table 2.10) Primary Class, Sikkim also has the highest Gender Ratio GPI in the upper primary classes while • According to the Abstract of Statistics of Andaman & Nicobar islands has the highest School Education 2007-08, MoHRD, the GPI in the secondary classes. The lowest GPI comparison of number of Scheduled Tribe is noticed in the state of Bihar in primary girls per 100 ST boys reveals that there are classes with U ar Pradesh falling in the 92 girls in Classes I-V, 82 girls in Classes VI- category of upper primary and secondary VIII, 70 girls in Classes IX-X and 68 girls per classes. (Table 2.7) 100 boys in Classes IX-XII (Table 2.17). Dropout Rates (Classes I to X) • Among the states, Sikkim has the highest • Drop-out rates for All India from class I to ratio of the girls in all classes per 100 boys. V fell steadily over the years from 42.6 in There are 101 girls in Classes I-V, 124 girls 1990-91 to 25.6 in the year 2007-08. Similar in Classes VI-VIII, 107 girls in classes I-VIII, decline in the dropout rates of ST population 116 girls in classes IX-X and 116 ST girls in was observed from 1990-91 (62.5) to 2007-08 classes IX-XII per 100 boys. (32.2). Among girls, the Drop-out Rates in • Sikkim is followed by the State of Meghalaya 2007-08 was highest in the state of Manipur where per 100 ST boys, there are 91 girls in followed by the state of Rajasthan and Classes I-V, 107 girls in Classes VI-VIII, 95 Gujarat. Among boys, it was highest in the girls in classes I-VIII, 113 girls in classes IX-X state of Manipur followed by Gujarat and and 113 ST girls in classes IX-XII. The least Meghalaya (Table 2.8, 2.9). number of girls per 100 boys in the classes • However the dropout rates are considerable are in the state of Bihar, where per 100 ST lower for both boys and girls have declined boys, there are 66 girls in Classes I-V, 63 girls continuously since 1990-91 which shows a in Classes VI-VIII, 66 girls in classes I-VIII, 50 remarkable improvement in the quality of girls in classes IX-X and 44 ST girls in classes education for STs. IX-XII. • The overall picture of Drop-out rates for • There is a marked decline in the number of All India depicts that it has been steadily enrolments of ST girl students from Classes declining from 1990-9 to 2007-08 for both I- V till they reach Classes IX-XII - from 92 to boys and girls from class I to X. However, 68 (Table 2.17). dropout rates are considerable lower in • As can be seen from the table above, some the Classes I - V than the higher classes (I improvement in the percentage enrolment to X). This indicates that the dropout rates of ST students to all categories has been are alarmingly higher in the higher classes. made in 2007-08 since 95-96, at the Primary, (Table 2.8 & 2.9). Upper Primary and Secondary level. More

11 a ention is required towards improving the School). It was 26.17% for boys and 27.96% quality of education in the Upper Primary for girls, overall being 27.11%. and Secondary levels. • Comparing the State Wise Higher Secondary Enrolment Percentage Enrolment of ST students to all categories Year Primary Upper Primary Secondary 1995-1996 8.8 6.1 4.9 1996-1997 9.2 6.3 4.9 1998-1999 9.6 6.7 5.1 1999-2000 9.4 6.9 5.0 2000-2001 9.7 7.2 5.4 2002-2003 9.7 6.9 5.4 2003-2004 9.8 7.5 5.6 2004-2005 10.5 8.1 5.6 2005-2006 10.6 8.5 5.7 2006-2007 10.8 8.5 6.1 2007-2008 10.8 8.2 6.3 Source: Selected Educational Statistics, M/HRD, 2005-06 Pass Percentage across States Examination Results of ST students in 2007, • Though Madhya Pradesh has the highest Maharashtra has the highest number of ST number of Scheduled Tribes in the country, students who appeared in Maharashtra State the highest number of ST students appearing Board of Secondary and Higher Secondary for the High School exams was from Education. A total of 51,292 ST students Maharashtra (Abstract of Statistics of School appeared in the exams, with 33,589 males Education 2007-08). 1,13, 706 ST students and 17,703 females. appeared in the High school examination, • The highest pass percentage of students with 68,119 ST boys and 45,587 ST girls. The appearing for the Higher Secondary overall pass percentage of these students Examination was of those students who was 61.86%. (Table 2.18) appeared for the Council for the Indian • The highest pass percentage of ST High School Certiﬁ cate Examinations in New school students was of those students who Delhi. It was 92.75% for males, 96.86% for appeared in the Council for the Indian females, overall being 94.72%. School Certiﬁ cate Examinations in New • The lowest pass percentage of ST students Delhi. It was 97.93% for males, 99.15% for was of those who appeared in Rabindra females, overall being 98.5%. Mukta Vidyalaya (West Bengal State Open • The lowest pass percentage of ST students School). It was 7.02% for boys and 11.76% was of those who appeared in Rabindra for girls, overall being 9.38%. (Table 2.19) Mukta Vidyalaya (West Bengal State Open

12 SECTION – 3 STATUS OF HEALTH AND FAMILY WELFARE AMONG SCHEDULED TRIBES

Section – 3: Status of Health and Family Welfare among Scheduled Tribes

• The 2005-06 National Family Health Survey • Neo-natal Mortality Rate is the number of (NFHS-3), provides estimates of important neonatal deaths in a given year per 1000 live indicators on family welfare, maternal and births in that year and Post-natal Mortality child health, and nutrition according to social Rate is the number of deaths of children groups. between 28 days and one year of age in a given year per 1000 total live births in the • In addition, there is information on several same year. Peri-natal Mortality Rate includes new and emerging issues, including perinatal late foetal deaths (28 weeks gestation & more) mortality, reproductive health, high-risk and early neonatal deaths (fi rst week) in one sexual behaviour, tuberculosis, malaria, year per 1000 live births in the same year. health insurance coverage and accessibility to health care. • As per NFHS-3 estimates, the under-fi ve mortality rate and the child Mortality rate A. Infant and Child Mortality are much higher for STs than any other social group/ castes at all childhood ages (95.7 and • Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) is defi ned as the 35.8 respectively). However, it is found that number of infant deaths in a year per 1,000 STs have a lower infant mortality rate (62.1) live births during the year. Child mortality is than SCs (66.4) but higher than OBCs (56.6). defi ned as the number of deaths of children Even the perinatal mortality rate for STs (40.6) under fi ve years of age but above one year of is lower than other social group/ castes (Table age in a given year per one thousand children 3.1 and 3.2). in this age group.

Some of the key health indicators as per NFHS-3 (2005-06) in the country are: SC ST Total

Infant Mortality 66.4 62.1 57.0 Neo-natal Mortality 46.3 39.9 39.0 Pre- natal Mortality 55.0 40.6 48.5

Child Mortality 23.2 35.8 18.4 Under ﬁ ve Mortality 88.1 95.7 74.3 ANC Checkup 74.2 70.5 77.1 Percentage Institutional Deliveries 32.9 17.7 38.7

Childhood vaccination (full immunization) 39.7 31.3 43.5 Source: National Family Health Survey (NFHS) 2005-06

15 • According to Census 2001, the Infant mortality lowest for scheduled tribe mothers (only 32.8 (IMR) and the under 5 mortality rate (U5MR) percent compared to all India total of 50.2 for STs is highest in Madhya Pradesh (110 percent and 42 percent for Schedule Caste). and 169 respectively per 1000 live births) (Table 3.5) followed by Arunachal Pradesh (104 and 158 • The percentage of Scheduled Tribe women respectively per 1000 live births). There is a consuming Iron Folic Acid (IFA) for at least signiﬁ cant gap in the IMR and U5MR in rural 90 days and who took a drug for intestinal and urban areas in almost all states and UTs. parasites during their pregnancy was only Compared at country level, the IMR and 17.6 and 3.7, respectively (Table 3.6). Under 5 Mortality among STs is much higher • Among ST women who received antenatal than to that of SCs (ST- IMR 84 and U5MR care for their most recent birth, only 32.4 123 and SC – IMR 77 and U5MR 111) (Table percent of ST mothers (lowest among all social 3.3 and 3.4). groups) received advice about where to go if B. Maternal Health they experienced pregnancy complications. (Table 3.7) • Antenatal Care (ANC) refers to pregnancy- • Only 17.7 percent of births to ST mothers are related health care, which is usually provided delivered in health facilities compared with by a doctor, an ANM, or another health 51% of births to mothers in category ‘others’. professional, to monitor a pregnancy for (See Table below) signs of complications, detection and treating • of pre-existing and concurrent problems Though Obstetric care from a trained of pregnancy, and provides advice and provider during delivery is recognized as counseling on preventive care, diet during critical for the reduction of maternal and pregnancy, delivery care, postnatal care, and neonatal mortality, only 17.1 % of births to ST related issues. women were assisted by a doctor, compared with 47.4 % of births to women, who do not • As per the estimates of NFHS-3, the likelihood belong to a SC, ST, or OBC category (‘others’). of having received care from a doctor is (See Table below).

Place of delivery (Health Institution/ Person providing assistance during delivery Social Facility) Groups Public Private Own Delivered Doctor Mid- Relatives/ Dai/ Delivered sector sector home through wife/ Friends TBA by a health ANM/ skilled facility Nurse/ provider LHV ST 11.6 5.8 70.9 17.7 17.1 7.0 23.0 50.2 25.4 SC 19.4 13.4 56.8 32.9 29.4 10.4 20.7 37.7 40.6 OBC 16.1 21.1 51.8 37.7 33.8 11.7 15.5 37.1 46.7 Others 21.8 28.7 40.5 51.0 47.4 9.3 11.3 30.4 57.8 Total 18.0 20.2 51.3 38.7 35.2 10.3 16.2 36.5 46.6 Source: NFHS-3, 2005-06, M/o H&FW, GOI

16 C. Child Health • • Un iversal immunization of children against Based on information obtained from a the six vaccine-preventable diseases (namely, vaccination card or reported by the mother tuberculosis, diphtheria, whooping cough, (‘either source’), only 31.3 percent of ST tetanus, polio, and measles) is crucial for children were found to be fully vaccinated reducing infant and child mortality. Children as compared to 53.8 percent belonging between 12-23 months who received BCG, to ‘Others’. 11.5% of ST children have no measles, and three doses each of DPT and vaccinations at all. (See table below) polio are considered to be fully vaccinated.

Vaccinations of children 12-23 months (Figures in percentages)

Social Groups All basic No vaccinations vaccinations ST 31.3 11.5 SC 39.7 5.4 OBC 40.7 3.9 Others 53.8 4.3 Total 43.5 5.1 Source: NFHS-3, 2005-06, M/o H&FW, GOI

• Among ST children who suﬀ ered from • 49.9 percent of scheduled-tribe children diarrhoea in the two weeks preceding the received services at an anganwadi centre survey, only 29.3 percent of them did not and 33.1 percent of ST children received receive any treatment at all. Only 61.4 percent any immunization through an anganwadi of all ST women and 64 percent of ST women centre in the past 12 months. (See table with recent births knew about ORS packets. below) (Table 3.12 & 3.13) Utilization of ICDS by children (Figures in percentages) Social Children (0-71 months) ge ing facilities from Frequency of going to an AWC for Groups Anganwadi Centre (AWC) early childhood care/ preschool education Children (0-71 Children (0-71 Regularly Occasionally age) receiving any age) received any services from an immunizations from an AWC AWC ST 49.9 33.1 16.0 14.4 SC 36.1 21.4 15.8 9.7 OBC 30.3 20.5 12.9 7.5 Others 28.3 13.3 13.4 8.1 Total 32.9 20.0 14.0 8.8 Source: NFHS-3, 2005-06, M/o H&FW, GOI

17 D. Morbidity and Health Care and 1,973 per 100,000 for men). (Table 3.19)

• Despite being a curable disease, TB is still a • As with diabetes, scheduled tribe women stigmatizing illness, mainly due to people’s and men exhibit lower prevalence than ignorance of its etiology and transmission. other social groups. The prevalence of 40.2 percent of ST women and 44.3 goitre and other thyroid diseases was high percent of ST men who have heard of among ST women as compared to ST men TB mentioned coughing or sneezing as a (753 per 100, 000 for women and 567 per mode of transmission for TB. Half of the ST 100,000 for men). men who have heard of TB (50.5 percent) • Tobacco use is associated with a wide range have misconception about transmission of of major diseases, including several types TB (Table 3.17 & 3.18) of cancers and heart and lung diseases. According to NFHS-3 fi ndings, the • With respect to the correct knowledge of percentage of ST women and men age 15- transmission of TB, ST men & women were 49, who use any kind of tobacco is highest no diff erent from other social groups. 13.7 when compared to any other social group percent women and 17 percent men who (26.3 percent for women and 71.2 percent had heard of TB, said that they would want for men) (Table 3.20) the TB positive status of a family member to remain a secret. • NFHS-3 fi nds that among all social groups, drinking is common among half (49.9 • Results in NFHS-3 about health problems percent ) of the ST men and 14.1 percent of of diabetes, asthma, goitre or any other ST women. (Table 3.21 & 3.22) thyroid disorders among women and men age 15-49 per 100,000 show that the number • Only 2.6% of ST households have a member of people with asthma is high among both with health insurance, the lowest among all ST women and men as compared to SCs social groups, as seen from table below. and OBCs. (1,749 per 100,000 for women Health Insurance Coverage and Accessibility to Health Care (Figures in percentages) Social Households Problem in accessing medical advice or Groups covered by a treatment health scheme or Distance Concern that At least one health insurance to health no drugs problem in facility available accessing health care ST 2.6 44.0 35.8 67.0 SC 3.3 27.3 24.2 50.4 OBC 3.8 26.0 22.8 47.4 Others 7.8 18.5 18.7 38.2 Total 4.9 25.2 22.9 46.6 Source: NFHS-3, 2005-06, M/o H&FW, GOI

18 • Only 27 percent of ST women visited a but want to wait two or more years before health facility or camp for themselves or having another child are defi ned as having their children in the three months preceding an unmet need for spacing. The sum of the the survey and majority of them reported unmet need for limiting and the unmet need that the health care provider was responsive for spacing is the unmet need for family to their problems and needs. (Table 3.24) planning. • The ST women were found to be mostly • 61.8 percent of currently married ST women prevented from ge ing medical treatment have a demand for family planning, of from a health facility for themselves, due which only 77.5 percent have a met need for to distance (44 percent reporting it). 28.4 contraception. (Table 3.29). percent of ST women report concern that no female provider will be available to 18.7 G. HIV - AIDS Knowledge: Knowledge, At percent of total women. (Table 3.26) titude & Behavior E. Fertility • Though Government of India has been • Age at fi rst marriage has a profound impact using mass media extensively, especially on childbearing because women who marry electronic media, to increase awareness of early have on an average a longer period AIDS and its prevention in the population, of exposure to pregnancy and a greater the percentage of ST men & women number of lifetime births. who have heard about AIDS is far below • Among ST women age 20-49, the median age the general population. (38.6 percent of at fi rst marriage is 16.5yrs and among age ST women and 63.9 percent of ST men 25-49 years, it is 16.3yrs. The increase in the compared to 60.9 percent women and 82.9 median age at fi rst marriage is proceeding percent men in general population). (Table at a very slow pace, and a considerable 3.30 and 3.31). proportion of women still marry below the • Television is by far the most common source legal minimum age of 18 (Table 3.27). of information on AIDS, reported by 61.9 • Almost all ST men marry before a aining percent ST women and 64.8 percent ST men the minimum age at marriage for men (21 who have heard of AIDS. The next most years) set by the Child Marriage Registration frequently reported sources aV er television Act of 1978. The proportion of ST men who are radio (35.4 percent of ST women and are married by age 20yrs has decreased 54.2 percent of men) and friends/relatives steadily in recent years. (Table 3.28) (37.7percent of ST women and 46.7 percent of men). (Table 3.30 and 3.31) F. Family Planning • The HIV prevalence rate among the STs is • Currently married women who are not 0.25 percent compared to all India fi gure of using any method of contraception but who 0.28 percent. (Table 3.33). do not want any more children are defi ned • as having an unmet need for limiting and Among STs only 1.3 percent of women and those who are not using contraception 1.4 percent of men have ever been tested for

19 HIV. The proportion of women and men centimeters (cm). A cutoff point of 145 cm is who have been tested for HIV but who used for NFHS-3. did not get the test results is very low (0.2 • and 0.1 percent among women and men, The height and weight measurements in respectively). (Table 3.34) NFHS-3 were used to calculate the BMI. The BMI is defi ned as weight in kilograms • The knowledge of HIV transmission and divided by height in metres squared (kg/m2). prevention is crucial in enabling young This excludes women who were pregnant people to avoid HIV/AIDS. Young people at the time of the survey and women who may be at greater risk because they may have gave birth during the two months preceding shorter relationships with more partners, or the survey. A cut-off point of 18.5 is used to engage in other risky behaviours. defi ne thinness or acute under-nutrition and a BMI of 25 or above indicates overweight • Among STs, only 8 percent of women and or obesity 20 percent of men have a comprehensive knowledge of HIV/AIDS. 10 of 100 ST • The percentage of ST women below 145 cm women and 24 of 100 ST men rejected the is second highest (12.7 percent) among all misconceptions that HIV/AIDS cannot be social groups. Chronic energy defi ciency transmi ed by mosquito bites, by hugging is usually indicated by a BMI of less than someone who has AIDS and by sharing 18.5 and among ST woman, 46.6 percent food with a person who has AIDS. (Table have a BMI below 18.5, indicating a high 3.35 and 3.36) prevalence of nutritional defi ciency (Table 3.37) • 27.6 percent of ST women and 44.5 percent of ST men know that HIV/AIDS can be Nutritional status of women transmi ed from a mother to her baby. (Figures in percentage) However, only 11 percent of ST women and Social Mean Body Mass Index in 12.7 percent of ST men know that the risk of Groups kg/m2 HIV transmission from an infected mother <18.5 17.0-18.4 <17.0 to her baby can be reduced by the mother (total (mildly (moderately/ thin) thin) severely thin) taking special drugs.

E. Nutritional status of ST Women, Men & ST 46.6 25.3 21.2 Children SC 41.1 22.6 18.5 OBC 35.7 20.0 15.7 • NFHS-3 collected information on two Others 29.4 16.3 13.1 indicators of nutritional status - height Total 35.6 19.7 15.8 and body mass index (BMI) - for women Source: NFHS-3, 2005-06, M/o H&FW, GOI age 15-49 and men age 15-54. The cutoﬀ • point for height, below which a woman The mean body mass index is similar for can be identiﬁ ed as nutritionally at risk, ST men (19.3) and women (19.1) age 15- varies among populations, but it is usually 49. 41.3 percent of men age 15-49 are thin, considered to be in the range of 140-150 compared with 46.6 percent of women. The

20 pa erns of thinness for ST men are similar the ST women indicating nutritional problem to the pa erns for women. (Table 3.38) being more serious for this category.

• NFHS-3 also measured anaemia in women Micronutrient intake among Children and and men, using the same equipment and their nutritional status procedures used to measure anaemia among • Micronutrient defi ciency is a serious children. Three levels of severity of anaemia contributor to childhood morbidity are distinguished: mild anaemia (10.0-10.9 and mortality. Vitamin A is an essential grams/ decilitre for pregnant women, 10.0- micronutrient for the immune system and 11.9 g/dl for non-pregnant women, and plays an important role in maintaining the 12.0-12.9 g/dl for men), moderate anaemia epithelial tissue in the body. NFHS-3 collected (7.0-9.9 g/dl for women and 9.0-11.9 g/dl for information on the consumption of vitamin men), and severe anaemia (less than 7.0 g/dl A-rich foods and on the administration of for women and less than 9.0 g/dl for men). vitamin A supplements for the youngest child • ST men and women are found to be highly age 6-35 months living with the mother. anaemic among all social groups. 68.5 • Among all social groups, the percentage of ST percent of women and 39.6 percent of men children were lowest in consuming foods rich whose haemoglobin level was tested were in vitamin A in the day or night preceding the found to be anaemic. 44.8 percent of ST survey (43.8 percent). Only 21 percent of ST women are mildly anaemic, 21.3 percent children age 12-35months received vitamin moderately anaemic and 2.4 percent A supplements in the six months before the severely anaemic. (Table 3.39) survey. This fi gure drops further, to only 14.6 Prevalence of anemia in women percent, among children age 6-59 months. (Table 3.41) (Figures in percentages) • Social Anemia status by hemoglobin Children belonging to STs have the poorest Groups level nutritional status on almost every measure Mild Moderate Any anemia and the high prevalence of wasting in this (10.0 - (7.0-9.9 g/ (<12.0 g/ dl) group is of particular concern. 11.9 g/dl) dl) • 76.8 percent of children belonging to ST ST 44.8 21.3 68.5 category are anemic, including 26.3 % who SC 39.3 16.8 58.3 are mildly anemic, 47.2 % are moderately OBC 38.2 14.5 54.4 anemic and above 3.3 % are severely anemic. Others 37.0 12.9 51.3 ST children top among all social groups, as Total 38.6 15.0 55.3 far as “any anemia” prevailing among them Source: NFHS-3, 2005-06, M/o H&FW, GOI is concerned. (See Table below) • High prevalence of nutritional defi ciency and chronic energy defi ciency are observed among

21 Prevalence of anaemia in children aged 6-59 months (Figures in percentages) Social Groups Anemia status by hemoglobin level Mild Moderate Severe Any anemia (10.0-10.9 g/dl) (7.0-9.9 g/dl) (<7.0 g/dl) (<11.0 g/dl) ST 26.3 47.2 3.3 76.8 SC 24.9 43.7 3.6 72.2 OBC 26.7 40.5 3.0 70.3 Others 26.9 34.8 2.1 63.8 Total 26.3 40.2 2.9 69.5 Source: NFHS-3, 2005-06, M/o H&FW, GOI

Women & Men’s food consumption • The consumption of a wide variety of each type of food listed, and their diet is nutritious foods is important for women’s particularly deﬁ cient in fruits and milk or and men’s health. NFHS-3 asked women curd. and men how oV en they consume various • Milk or curd is consumed weekly by 33.5 types of food (daily, weekly, occasionally, or percent and 41.8 percent of ST women and never). ST men respectively. Consumption of fruits • Women and men from Scheduled tribes is less common among STs. 72.6 percent of have a relatively poor diet that is particularly women do not consume fruits even once a deﬁ cient in fruits and milk or curd. Women week. (Table 3.42 and 3.43). and men in households with a low standard of living are less likely than others to eat

22 SECTION-4 HEALTH INFRASTRUCTURE IN TRIBAL AREAS

Section-4: Health Infrastructure in Tribal Areas

• The ‘tribal’ constitute around 8.2% of the to- post-natal care, etc. tal Indian population, and of the total tribal population around 80% are found in central • Discussing the postings of various health India and a large part of the rest in the north- offi cers, doctors and health workers, Ru- eastern states. ral Health Statistics Bulletin, published by MoHFW in 2008, shows a very dismal pic- • Among the tribal population in India, there ture. exists Though majority of the states have adequate o widespread poverty, positions that are fi lled, still more health work- o illiteracy, ers and doctors are needed to take care of the entire tribal population. o malnutrition, • o absence of safe drinking water, and The situation regarding the Number of Sub Centres, PHCs & CHCs in tribal areas, as on o un-hygienic living conditions. March, 2008, depicts a very disheartening status. (Table 4.1) • In spite of the eff orts of the government, there are poor maternal and child health services • The maximum defi cit in the number of Sub and ineff ective coverage of national health Centres is seen in the State of Rajasthan where and nutrition. Research and surveys have in spite of the existence of 1221 Sub Centres; found that infrastructure like Sub-Centres, there is a shortfall of 1018 Centres. Next is Community Health Centres (CHCs), Public the State of West Bengal with a shortfall of Health Centres (PHCs) and others are less 933 Sub Centres. On the other hand, the States than required in the tribal areas. of Arunachal Pradesh, Chha isgarh, Kerala, Karnataka and Orissa are leading by having • NFHS-I, II and III data show trends of deteri- more than the required number of Sub-Cen- orating health indicators and socio-economic tres. The same is the situation with the PHCs status of the tribal population in comparison and CHCs in these states. to national statistics. • Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and West Bengal • Medical and Health personnel posted in trib- have a shortage of a large numbers of PHCs al areas are practically not working in non- and CHCs. As it can be seen that Madhya tribal areas due to various reasons. Despite Pradesh has a shortfall of 223 PHCs and 58 lowering of the population norms for se ing CHCs and Rajasthan has a shortfall of 175 up of Sub-Centers and PHCs in tribal areas PHCs and 45 CHCs. (Table 4.1) relative to other areas, about 15 to 20 villages fall under the jurisdiction of one ANM • Data on building positions for Sub-Centres due to the tribal population generally being in the tribal areas shows a very diverse pic- sca ered in diffi cult terrains. This situation ture. Gujarat has the highest number of Sub- heavily constrains the ANMs from provid- Centres positioned in Government buildings ing adequate services to the people for ANC, which is 2013 out of 2209 Sub Centres. This

25 is followed by Maharashtra with 1611 Sub- 190 positions in Madhya Pradesh are vacant. Centres functioning in Government build- (Table 4.7) ings. (Table 4.2) • Similar was the case with the postings of Sur- • In Orissa, 1657 out of 2689 Sub-Centres and geons at the CHCs. The State with maximum in Madhya Pradesh, 1602 out of 2917 Sub- number of positions of surgeons vacant is Centres are functioning in rented buildings. Chha isgarh with 67 positions followed by Gujarat with 50 positions vacant. There is a • Concerning the building position of PHCs, shortfall of 81 positions of surgeons in CHCs maximum numbers of PHCs were seen to be in the State of Madhya Pradesh. (Table 4.8). functioning in Government buildings. Orissa has the highest number of PHCs and all the • The two most deﬁ cient States in terms of po- 423 PHCs were functioning in Government sitions of Obstetricians & Gynecologists are buildings (Table 4.3). the States of Madhya Pradesh with a shortfall of 80 positions out of the required 85 posi- • As regards building position of CHCs in tions and Chha isgarh with 68 positions out tribal areas, Orissa has the highest number of of the required 76 positions. (Table 4.9) CHCs and all the 83 CHCs were functioning in Government buildings. (Table 4.4) • The maximum shortfall in the position of Physicians at the CHCs is in the States of • The positions of female Health Workers/ Chha isgarh and Gujarat, with both having ANMs at Sub-Centres were found to be va- a shortfall of 70 positions out of the required cant in some of the states, especially in Mad- 76 and 70 positions, respectively.(Table 4.10) hya Pradesh with 1110 positions, Chha isgarh with 809 positions, Maharashtra with • There is a shortfall of Pediatricians at Com- 489 positions and Gujarat with 425 positions munity Health Centres in a number of States, lying vacant. (Table 4.5) the majority being in Madhya Pradesh (83) out of the required 85 positions, followed by • Similar status was noticed in the case of male Chha isgarh and Gujarat with 68 positions Health Workers working in tribal areas. A out of the required 76 and 70 positions, re- large number of positions were vacant in spectively. (Table 4.11) the States of Chha isgarh, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra. A shortfall of 1901 • There is an acute shortfall of Total Specialists male health workers in Madhya Pradesh, at Community Health Centres in Tribal Areas 1403 in Chha isgarh and 1019 in Maharash- in practically all the States, maximum being tra is indicated. (Table 4.6) in Madhya Pradesh with 312 positions out of the required 340 positions along with Chhat- • Availability of doctors at PHCs in the tribal tisgarh with 273 positions out of the required areas is of great signiﬁ cance. Data indicat- 304, and Gujarat with 258 out of the required ing shortfall for doctors in PHCs shows that 280 positions, respectively. (Table 4.12) 195 positions in the State of Chha isgarh and

26 • There is a shortfall of Radiographers at Com- State of Orissa with 401, followed by Mad- munity Health Centres, maximum in the hya Pradesh with 322 and Chha isgarh with State of Orissa (81) followed by Gujarat with shortfall of 187 Lab Technicians. (Table 4.15) a shortfall of 58 radiographers. (Table 4.13) • There is a massive shortfall of Nurses/ Mid- • 329 positions of Pharmacists at PHCs are ly- wifes/ Staﬀ Nurses at PHCs & CHCs in Tribal ing vacant in the State of Madhya Pradesh, Areas, with the maximum in the State of Oris- followed by 101 in Chha isgarh. (Table 4.14) sa with 799, followed by Madhya Pradesh with 646 and Chha isgarh with a short- • There is a shortfall of Lab Technicians at fall of 556 Nurses/ Midwifes/ Staﬀ N u r s e s . PHCs & CHCs in Tribal Areas, mainly in the (Table 4.16).

SECTION–5 EMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT SITUATION OF THE STS, INCLUDING MIGRATION

Section-5: Employment and unemployment situation of the STs, including migration

• The development of the tribal population • Persons under category (i) and (ii) of activity in India has been a major concern of the status come under ‘Labour Force’ and those Government, Voluntary agencies, NGOs, under category (iii) are ‘Out of Labour Social reformers, Social scientists, etc. Force’. Unemployment leading to immense poverty • The NSSO provides four diff erent measures can be directly linked to the increase in of employment and unemployment, which terrorism and rising membership of tribals capture diff erent facets of the employment- in the ranks of Maoists and Naxals. unemployment situation following the A. Defi nition of work according to Census recommendations of the Expert Commi ee on Unemployment (Dantwala). • ‘Work’ is defi ned as participation in any economically productive activity. According — Usual Principal Status (UPS), to this defi nition, the entire population has — Usual Principal and Subsidiary Status been classifi ed into three main categories - (UPSS), Main workers, Marginal workers and Non- workers. — Current Weekly Status (CWS), — Current Daily Status (CDS). • Main workers are those who work for the major part of the year preceding the date of • Usual principal activity status enumeration i.e. those who were engaged — Reference period 365 days preceding in any economically productive activity for the date of survey. 183 days (or six months) or more during the year. Marginal workers work any time — Activity status decided on the basis of in the year preceding the enumeration but Major Time Criteria (MTC) during the do not work for a major part of the year, i.e. reference period. those who worked for less than 183 days (or — First, one is categorized as belonging to six months). Non-workers are those who the labour force or not. have not worked any time at all in the year — Second, from the persons belonging to preceding the date of enumeration. labour force, the broad activity status B. Concepts used in employment and of either working or unemployed is unemployment surveys of NSSO determined on the basis of MTC.

• Economic activity and the Activity status: • Subsidiary economic activity status: Any activity that results in production of Engagement in work in subsidiary capacity goods and services that adds to national arises due to two situations: product is considered as an economic — A person may be engaged for a activity. The entire population is classiﬁ ed relatively longer period during the 365 under three categories of Activity status: days in some economic/ non-economic (i) Working activity and for a relatively shorter (ii) Seeking or available for work, i.e period in another economic activity, unemployed which is not less than 30 days (e.g. a student engaged in private tuitions (iii) Neither working nor ‘seeking or avail during summer vacations). able for work’.

31 — A person may be pursuing an economic is considered working for half day. activity/non-economic activity almost throughout the year in the principal — A person engaged in more than one status and also simultaneously economic activity for four hours pursuing another economic activity for or more on a day is assigned two relatively shorter time in a subsidiary economic activities out of the diﬀ erent capacity (e.g. a student simultaneously economic activities on which he/she engaged in private tuitions throughout devoted relatively longer time on the the year). reference day, i.e. 0.5 intensity to these two economic activities. • Current weekly activity status C. Work Participation Rate — Reference period of 7 days preceding • Census of India 2001 deﬁ nes the Work the date of survey Participation Rate (WPR), as the percentage — Decided on the basis of priority-cum- of total workers (main and marginal) to the major time criteria. total population. — According to priority criteria, the status • Comparing the Worker Participation Rates of working gets priority over the status as obtained from Census 2001 data, it was of unemployed, which in turn, get observed that 43.5 % of ST males were main priority over the status of ‘out of labour workers compared to 23.9% ST females. force’. Among the marginal workers, 9.7 % were — A person is considered working if he or ST males whereas 20.9 % were ST females. she had worked for at least one hour Overall, among 53.2% were male and 44.8% during the reference week. were female workers. (See table below) — If a person is pursuing multiple Worker Participation Rate (%) economic activities, the current weekly status is decided on the basis of MTC. STs All Gap Total Workers • Current daily activity status (CDS) Persons 49.1 39.1 10.0 — CDS of a person is determined on the Male 53.2 51.7 1.5 basis of his/her activity status on each Female 44.8 25.6 19.2 day of the reference week using a Main Workers priority-cum-major time criterion. Persons 33.8 30.4 3.4 — Each day of the reference week is looked Male 43.5 45.1 -1.6 upon as comprising of either ‘two half Female 23.9 14.7 9.2 days’ or a ‘full day’ for assigning the Marginal Workers activity status. Persons 15.2 8.7 6.5 — A person is working with intensity 1.0, Male 9.7 6.6 3.1 if he/she had worked for four hours or Female 20.9 11 9.9 more during the day. Source: RGI, Census of India 2001 — If a person had worked for one hour or more, but less than four hours, he/she • As regards the Occupational Distribution

32 of the STs, SCs and all India population, rural, urban and rural +urban combined obtained from Census 2001 data , 50.37% of based on 61st round data. the tribals living in rural areas were workers • NSS 61st Round lists the Average daily wages/ compared to 42.5% of SCs and 41.75% of All earnings across Social groups. Among India population. In the urban areas, 34.56% Casual workers, the earnings of the ST men of the STs were workers compared to 33.14% and women are less than SCs and others of the SCs. (Table 5.1). both in rural and urban areas. However, • 81.56% of the total ST workers, both rural among regular workers, the earnings of the and urban taken together, are engaged in ST men and women were more than the SCs the primary sector, of whom 44.71% are but less than others. (Table 5.6) cultivators and 36.85% are agricultural • th labourers. The corresponding ﬁ gures for all As per the 5 Economic census (2005), workers are 31.65% (cultivators) and 26.55% analyzing the characteristics of Non- (agricultural labourers). agricultural Own Account Establishments and Non- agricultural establishments • In the rural areas, 47.07% of STs were (with hired worker) in rural, urban and in cultivators compared to 23.47% SCs and combined areas, it was found that maximum 40.24% of All India population. This number of tribals are in the retail trade indicates that STs are essentially dependent followed by the manufacturing sector (Table on agriculture. 5.7, 5.8) • In rural areas, 38.37% of STs were agricultural • labourers as compared to 52.23% of SCs, With respect to migration, comparing the whereas 2.08% of STs were working in results of NSS 49th round (Jan-Jun, 1993) and household industries compared to 3.73% 64th round (2007-08), the number of migrant SCs and 3.92% of all India population. (Table households among STs has decreased from 5.1) 27 to 19 (per 1000 hhs) in rural areas, and increased from 29 to 62 (per 1000 hhs) in • The Labour Force Participation Rate (LFPR), urban areas. Overall, in rural and urban i.e. the number of persons in the labour force areas, the migrant households decreased per 1000 persons, is measured according from 27 to 23(per 1000 hhs). (Table 5.9) to the usual status considering both the • th principal and the subsidiary statuses. Data Comparing the 55 round (1999-2000) th obtaining from NSS 61st Round (2004-05) and 64 round (2007-08) data, the migration shows that LFPR for Scheduled Tribes was rate for the STs in rural areas showed that 50.7% (56.6% males and 44.6% females). the rate of migration of males has decreased The LFPR of STs was higher by 7.7% when from 56 to 47 (per 1000 persons) whereas compared to the All India rate. The Work- that of females has increased from 357 to 440 force Participation Rate (WPR) for Scheduled (per 1000 persons). On the other hand, the Tribes was 50.2% (55.9% males and 44.4% migration rate in the urban areas increased females). This was higher than the overall for both males (282 to 288) and females (411 rate by 8.2%. The WPR was higher for ST to 430), per 1000 persons. (Table 5.10) females than All India by 15.7%. (Table 5.2) • It could be seen that the female migration • Tables 5.3 to 5.5 give State-wise LFPRs, was around 9 times than that of the male WPRs, PUs for various social groups for population in rural areas. In the urban areas,

33 the female migration was almost 2 times 64th Round (July 2007 – June 2008), of the STs than that of the male STs. living in the rural areas was Rs. 30,446. The average household consumer expenditure of • From the data on migration rates across ST households receiving remi ance was Rs. diff erent Monthly Per Capita Expenditure 34949, which was more than that of SCs and (MPCE) levels, in both rural and urban less than that of OBCs. In the urban areas, the areas, the highest number of persons who average household consumer expenditure migrated belonged to 90-100 MPCE decile in the last 365 days (July 2007 – June 2008), class. Least migration occurred among of the STs was Rs. 53,386 and the average the STs belonging to the lowest MPCE household consumer expenditure of ST decile class (0-10) for both rural and urban households receiving remi ance was Rs.74, population. (Table 5.11) 459 which was higher than the expenditure of both SCs and OBCs. (Table 5.13) • Most of the migration (72.5%) took place from one rural area to another rural area of • According to the Ministry of Rural the same district. The reason for that may Development, the number of ST Swarojgaris have been due to marriage (82.7%) or to assisted under the mammoth scheme of pursue studies (5.3%). (Table 5.12) SGSY (Swarnjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana) has increased from 241291 in 2006- • 16.4% of the migration took place from one 07 to 274530 in 2008-09. In the year 2006-07 rural area to another rural area of diff erent and 2007-08, the State of Andhra Pradesh districts but in the same state. The reason had the highest number of ST benefi ciaries for that also may have been due to marriage whereas in the year 2008-09, the State of (71.6%), or due to the migration of the Maharashtra had the highest number of ST parent/earning member of the family (9.5%) benefi ciaries. (Table 5.14) or in search of be er employment (4.5%). Least migration (0.1%) took place from India • Under NREGA, the number of person- to another country.(Table 5.12) days of wage employment generated for STs during year 2008-09 has considerably • A large number of reasons were responsible increased 2007-08. (Table 5.15) for the migration of ST population. Maximum migration (76.4%) took place • The percentage representation of STs in due to marriage. 7.7% of the ST population the General Services increased marginally migrated due to the migration of the parents from 1994 to 2005 – from 5.49 percent to or the earning members of the family. (Table 6.43 percent, with maximum representation 5.12) being in Group D. In 2005, 4.3 percent STs • The average household consumer were represented in Group A services. (Table expenditure in the last 365 days as per NSS 5.16)

34 SECTION-6 LAND, HOUSES, HOUSEHOLD AMENITIES AND ASSETS OF SCHEDULED TRIBES

Section-6: Land, Houses, Household Amenities and Assets of Scheduled Tribes

• Historically, the economy of most tribes was • As per the Agricultural Census 2005-06, the subsistence agriculture or hunting and gath- number and area of operational holdings for ering. A large number of tribal populations Scheduled Tribes by size-classes and gender in rural areas are still dependent on forests is given in Table 6.1. for their livelihood. In the forest based tribal • It may be seen that in 2005-06, the total area economy, provisions for basic necessities like of operational holdings by Scheduled Tribes food, fuel, housing material, etc. are made in the country is 16.9 million hectares against from the forest produce. In most of the states, 10.34 million holdings. Out of the total area more than 60 percent of the tribal population under operational holdings among STs, the resides within 5 km distance from the forest. holdings by males account for 91.5 percent A large percentage of tribals that live close while that by females is only 8.5 percent. to forest areas constitute the most disadvan- These holdings comprise 88.36 percent of taged section of society based on per capita individual holdings and 11.64 percent of income, literacy rate, health status and lack joint holdings. Among various holding sizes, of access to basic amenities. area-wise, maximum holdings are of size 1.0- • Basic amenities: As per the NSS 58th Round 2.0 hectares followed by size class 2.0 - 3.0. (2001-02), only 24.4 % of ST households have The male female proportion in holding of permanent houses, 15.2% have drinking wa- size 1.0- 2.0 hectares was 90.6 percent for ST ter source within premises, 36.5% have ac- males and 9.4 percent for ST females. Among cess to electricity, 17.0% have latrine facility individual holdings, the majority of holdings and 21.8% have connectivity for waste-water were found to be below 0.5 hectares in size. outlet . Table below depicts availability of ba- (Table 6.1) sic amenities to ST households as compared • Census 2001 laid emphasis on the quality of to all Social Groups. living of households rather than just housing. The questions included those on condition of residential or partly residential houses Area Description STs All as good, livable or dilapidated; availability Social Groups of bathroom, kitchen, certain assets to the households, like radio/ television, telephone, Housing % households etc. and banking services. Data was analyzed having Permanent 24.4 51.8 houses Social Group wise and published in 2009 by RGI “Tables on Houses, Household Amenities Drinking % households and Assets for Scheduled Tribes”. water having drinking water source 15.2 39.0 • Table 6.2 highlights the distribution of within premises households by the condition of census Electricity % households -houses occupied, with respect to residence having access to 36.5 55.8 and residence-cum other use. The houses electricity were then further classifi ed into three Sanitation % households categories - good, livable and dilapidated. having latrine 17.0 36.4 This classifi cation was based solely on the facility perception of the respondent. The data in the % households with above table is, therefore, qualitative in nature connectivity for 21.8 46.4 with an extent of element of subjectivity. waste -water outlet • Table 6.3 shows distribution of ST Households Source: Census of India, 2001 by type of Census houses and classifi ed into

37 permanent, semi-permanent and temporary for 15.2% of households, ‘Near premises’ for households. The temporary structures are 56.6% of households and ‘Away’ for 28.2% of further classiﬁ ed into serviceable and non- households. (Table 6.4) serviceable. The data is presented rural- • Table 6.5 presents the distribution of Sched- urban sector wise. uled Tribe households by availability of bath- • In India, only 24.4% ST households possess room and type of latrine within the house and permanent houses and 51.4% have semi- type of drainage connectivity for waste water permanent houses while the rest 24.2% are outlet. The data are presented for total, rural in temporary structures. In these temporary and urban areas separately. structures, while 60.5% are serviceable struc- • Table 6.6 presents the distribution of Sched- tures in which wall is made of mud, wood, uled Tribe households by availability of sepa- etc., 39.5% are non-serviceable structures in rate kitchen and type of fuel used for cook- which wall is made of grass, thatch, bamboo, ing. The data are presented for total, rural etc. (Table 6.3) and urban areas separately. Households have • Table 6.10 gives State-wise number of houses been classiﬁ ed in four categories depending completed and allo ed/ sanctioned for the on the availability/ non-availability of kitch- STs during 2006-07, 2007-08 and 2008-09 un- en, cooking in open or no cooking. der Indira Awaas Yojana (IAY). • Table 6.7 presents distribution of Scheduled • Census 2001 also analyzed various types of Tribe households availing banking services

drinking water sources usually used by the and having each of the speciﬁ ed assets. The households, e.g., Tap, Hand pump, Tube data are presented for total, rural and urban well, Well, Tank and others. The distribution areas separately. The number of ST house- of Scheduled Tribe households by type of holds that possess the speciﬁ ed assets like ra- drinking water sources and their location is dio, transistor, television, telephone, bicycle, given in Table 6.4. scooter, car, etc are provided in the table. • • The location of the Drinking water source Table 6.8 presents distribution of Scheduled type has been indicated as within the premis- Tribe households by the type of lighting es, i.e., within a radius of 100 meters in urban sources used by them. The data are presented for total, rural and urban areas separately. areas and 500 meter in the case of rural areas. The various sources of lighting on which the The location of the Drinking water source data were collected are electricity, kerosene, type has been indicated as ‘away’ if it is locat- solar energy, other oil, etc. ed beyond 100 metres for the households in urban areas and more than 500 meters for the • Overall 36.5 % of ST households among the households in rural areas. The data in Table total ST households have source of lighting 6.4 is presented for Total, Rural and Urban, as electricity followed by use of kerosene separately. (61.8%). In the rural ST households, while 30.4% use electricity, 67.94% are dependent • The source of drinking water was Taps for on kerosene. However, in the urban areas, 20% of households, Handpumps (35.8%), 78.1% households have electricity and only Tube wells (5.9%), Wells (28.4%), Tanks, 20.3% households are using kerosene for Ponds, Lakes (1.4%% ) and for Rivers, Ca- lighting. (Table 6.8) nals, Springs, etc. (7.1%). Also, the sources of drinking water were ‘Within premises’ • Detailed State-wise data on Tables 6.2 to 6.8

38 are available in the Census 2001 Report on holds by major sources (most used) of drink- ‘Houses, Household Amenities and Assets’. ing water during last 365 days as per the Maps depicting ST households having per- NSS Report referred to above. The most used manent houses, tap, hand pump, tubewell source of drinking water by STs is tubewell/ as sources of drinking water, latrine facilities handpumps followed by tap and all well and electricity as source of lighting, based on (both protected and unprotected). Census 2001 data, are given at the end of the • In rural areas, 56.1 percent of ST households chapter. depended on ‘tube well/ hand pump’ as the • NSSO in its latest Report ‘Housing Condi- major source of drinking water. Among all tions and Amenities in India: July, 2008 - June, rural households, the source of drinking wa- 2009’ has highlighted some aspects of hous- ter from tap was the lowest (18.5 percent) for ing conditions among diff erent social groups ST households. Similarly, the use of wells in India. The various aspects studied in the (protected and unprotected), was the high- survey are drinking water facility, bathroom/ est among rural ST households as compared latrine and electricity facility. to other social groups (19.5 percent). One noticeable feature is that 2.7 percent of ru- • The composition of diff erent social groups in ral ST households used ‘spring’ as source of total households shows that nearly 11 percent drinking water. In urban areas, proportion of of rural households and 3 percent of urban households who depended on ‘tap’ was low- households belong to STs (see table below) est among ST households (68.5 percent) as compared to other social groups. Distribution (Per 1000) of households across • Social Groups during 2008-09 Regarding availability of suffi cient drinking water, it is seen from table below that in both Household Rural Urban Rural + Social Groups Urban rural and urban areas, highest proportion of ST households did not get suffi cient drinking ST 112 33 88 water from the major source: nearly 24 per- SC 227 144 203 cent of rural ST households and 16 percent of OBC 418 378 406 urban ST households. Others 243 445 302 All (incl. n. r) 1000 1000 1000 Proportion (Per 1000) of households who do Source : NSSO Housing Conditions & Amenities in India, 2008-09 not get suffi cient drinking water throughout the year Household Rural Urban Rural + • As per the above Report, at all India level, Social Group Urban 94% of the ST population had residence and ST 237 157 228 6% used their residence for other purposes SC 131 107 126 also. As regards the condition of census hous- OBC 120 87 111 es where they lived, 36% houses were good, Others 130 80 108 58% houses were found to be livable and the rest 6% houses were dilapidated. All (incl. n. r) 138 89 124 Source : NSSO Housing Conditions & Amenities in India, 2008-09 • Table 6.9 shows the distribution of house-

39 • In rural areas, proportion of ST households among ST in urban households (65.2 percent). who had drinking water for exclusive use was (See Table below) the lowest (13.4 percent) as compared to other social groups and in urban areas, it was 33.5 Distribution (per 1000) of households by types of Latrine used for each ST household ( All-India) percent. It is also found that community use of House- Type of Latrine hold drinking water facility was highest (77.2) for No Service Pit Septic Others All ST rural ST households .(See table below) latrine tank/ India ﬂ ush (Incl. not Distribution (per 1000) of households by type of use known of drinking water facility for each ST household (All- and n.r) India) Rural 750 13 111 105 18 1000 House- Type of use of drinking water facility Urban 211 12 106 652 13 1000 hold Exclusive Common Commu- Others All (ST) Rural + 691 12 110 165 17 1000 use use of nity use (inc. Urban HHs in the n. r.) building Source : NSSO Housing Conditions & Amenities in India, 2008-09

Rural 134 57 772 36 1000 Urban 335 303 313 48 1000 • Regarding availability of electricity Rural + 157 84 722 38 1000 Urban facility for domestic use, inequality Source : NSSO Housing Conditions & Amenities in India, 2008-09 among diﬀ erent social groups was wider in rural and urban areas. In both rural and urban areas, proportion of • In rural areas, highest proportion of non- ST households who had electricity for availability of bathroom facility was noticed domestic use was the lowest among the in case of ST households (74 percent) and social groups. In rural areas, nearly 57 availability of a ached bathroom facility was percent of ST households had electricity lowest among ST households (nearly 6 for domestic use and in urban areas; percent). nearly 92 percent of ST households had electricity for domestic use against Distribution (per 1000) of households by types of bathroom for each ST household nearly 98 percent of ‘others’ category of Household Type of bathroom households. (See Table below) (ST) A ached Detached No All bathroom (incl. n. r.) Proportion (per 1000) of households who had Rural 57 202 741 1000 electricity for domestic use for each household social Urban 389 335 276 1000 group Rural 93 217 690 1000 Household Rural Urban Rural+ urban +Urban Social Group Source : NSSO Housing Conditions & Amenities in India, 2008-09 ST 573 915 611 SC 595 925 664 • It is also seen that the proportion of rural OBC 676 956 753 households having no latrine facility is Others 736 981 843 highest for ST Households (75 percent). Use All (inc. n. r.) 660 961 750 of Septic tank/ ﬂ ush latrine was the highest Source : NSSO Housing Conditions & Amenities in India, 2008-09

40 Map-2: Scheduled Tribes Households Having Permanent Houses 2001

41 Map-3: Schedules Tribes Households having Tap as Source of Drinking Water 2001

42 Map-4: Schedules Tribes Households having Handpump as Source of Drinking Water 2001

43 Map-5: Schedules Tribes Households having Tubewell as Source of Drinking Water 2001

44 Map-6: Schedules Tribes Households having Latrine Facilities 2001

45 Map-7: Schedules Tribes Households having Source of Lighting- Electricity 2001

46 SECTION-7 POVERTY AMONG SCHEDULED TRIBES

Section 7: Poverty among Scheduled Tribes

• Poverty alleviation has been one of the guiding Index for Agricultural Labourers (CPIAL) and principles of the planning process in India. inter State price diff erential, which is captured The various dimensions of poverty relating through Fishers’ Index. to health, education and other basic services • Urban poverty line: The national poverty have been progressively internalized in the line of Rs. 56.64 in 1973-74 is disaggregated planning process. Special programmes have into State specifi c poverty using State-specifi c been taken up for the welfare of Scheduled price indices constructed from Consumer Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs), and Price Index (CPI) for Industrial workers other vulnerable groups. A number of anti- and inter State price diff erential, which is poverty programmes have been launched captured through Fishers’ Index. from time to time to reduce the incidence of poverty in the country. • Household consumption expenditure: It is the sum total of monetary values of all goods Concepts and defi nitions used in the estimation and services consumed by the household of poverty on domestic account during the reference period. Any expenditure incurred towards • The Planning Commission estimates the the productive enterprise of the household is incidence of poverty at national and State level excluded from it. using household consumption expenditure • Monthly per capita consumer expenditure data from NSS quinquennial Rounds on (MPCE): For a household, MPCE is the total Household Consumer Expenditure Surveys. consumer expenditure over all items divided The State specifi c poverty lines are used in by the household size and expressed on a per conjunction to the consumption expenditure month (30 days) basis distribution to estimate incidence of poverty • Time trends in poverty ratio are computed for rural and urban areas for each State. by the Planning Commission on the basis • Poverty is defi ned as the total per capita of the quinquennial NSSO large sample expenditure of the lowest expenditure class, surveys. The NSSO released the results of the which consumed 2400 kcal/ day in rural and latest large sample survey data on household 2100 kcal/ day in urban areas with an a empt consumer expenditure (NSS 61st Round) to provide comprehensive package of covering the period July 2004 to June 2005. essential goods and services to people below From this data, two diff erent consumption the poverty line. Initially the poverty line distributions for the year 2004-05 have been was defi ned on the basis of NSS Household computed. The Planning Commission, Consumption Expenditure data for 1973-74. using the Expert Group methodology has The poverty lines, defi ned as the basket of estimated poverty in 2004-05 using both goods and services, have not been changed the distributions i.e. Uniform Recall Period subsequently in order to preserve inter- (URP) consumption and Mixed Recall Period temporal comparability, but the rupee value (MRP) consumption. of the lines is regularly updated using the • During the nineties, there was a change in large sample consumer expenditure surveys the methodology used for computation of of the NSSO in order to refl ect price increases poverty line. In order to eliminate possible that have taken place over the years. diff erences in reported poverty ratios due • Rural poverty line: The national poverty line to the changed methodology, the Approach of Rs. 49.09 in 1973-74 is disaggregated into Paper to the Eleventh Plan has computed State specifi c poverty using State-specifi c price and presented the poverty ratios for 2004-05 indices constructed from Consumer Price according to both the methodologies.

49 • The Planning Commission uses poverty line, • It may be observed that as against 27 percent based on per capita consumption expenditure, of all population living below the poverty as the criterion to determine the persons line in the rural areas in 1999-2000, 36 living below the poverty line. The Planning percent of SC population and 46 percent of Commission estimates proportion of people ST population lived below the poverty line. living below the poverty line at national and There was a decline in the poverty ratio of state level using the mentioned poverty lines 27% for all population, 25% for SCs and 12% for STs as compared to 1993-94. This implies and applying it to class-wise distribution that the poverty ratio declined faster for all of household consumption expenditure. population than for SCs and STs, though The la er is obtained from the large sample between the SCs and STs, the decline has surveys of household consumer expenditure been more rapid in the case of former. Similar conducted by the National Sample Survey trend is observed in the urban areas where the Offi ce every fi ve years. proportion of people living below the poverty line declined faster for all population than • Based on the same Surveys, it is possible for SCs and STs. However, there is signifi cant to estimate the proportion of people diff erence between the rural and the urban living below the poverty line for diff erent areas. In the rural areas, the proportion of SC social groups, viz. SCs, STs, etc. It may be population living in poverty is lower than mentioned that the poverty ratios for SCs poverty ratio of ST population. The situation and STs have not been estimated for all the is the reverse in the urban areas. As a result, States. It has been estimated for major States the ratio of people living in poverty for SCs only. This is on account of the fact that the and STs to (all) population below poverty sample size for the diff erent social groups line has changed signifi cantly. in the smaller States is quite small and • estimates and analysis based on such small As per the Planning Commission, during 2004-05, at the all India level, 47.3 percent of samples could be misleading and, however, it is diffi cult to have a comparative picture over time. At the all-India level, the poverty ratio for the rural areas was 37.3 percent in 1993-94 and it declined to 27.1 percent by 1999-2000. The corresponding ratios for the urban households were 32.4 percent and 23.6 percent, respectively. The poverty ratios for SCs and STs were signifi cantly higher both in 1993-94 and 1999-2000. This can be seen from the table below:

Percentage of People living below Poverty Line

Rural Urban

STs SCs All STs SCs All

1993-94 51.94 48.11 37.27 41.14 49.48 32.36

1999-00 45.86 36.25 27.11 34.75 38.47 23.65

Source: Planning Commission Source: Planning Commission (2004-05)

50 Scheduled Tribes are below poverty line in an expenditure of less than Rs. 14 incurred rural areas as against 33.3 percent in urban per day per person as against only 26% of areas. persons belonging to “others” category and • 40% of OBCs. More and more proportion of While in rural areas, highest percentage of population in the categories of OBCs, SCs people below poverty line was found to be and ‘Others’ fall in the higher expenditure Scheduled Tribes as compared to SCs (36.8 bracket as compared to STs. In the urban percent), OBC (26.7 percent) and others (16.1 areas, the proportion of STs population in percent), in urban areas, highest percentage corresponding lower bracket is (46%) as of people below poverty line were SCs (39.9 against SCs (57%); OBCs (49%); Others (27%) percent) as compared to STs (33.3 percent), indicating thereby that incidence of poverty OBCs (31.4 percent) and others (16.0 percent). prevailing in urban STs is lesser. (Table7.3). Comparison of similar data presented at Table 7.1 indicates that in rural States with Rural Poverty ratio> country’s average for areas the percentage of ST population below STs (2004-05) poverty line was 51.94 in 1993-94 and 45.86 State % of population in 1999-2000. Orissa 75.6 • Though the percentage of STs below poverty Madhya Pradesh 58.6 line in rural areas have declined from 51.94 in Maharashtra 56.6 1993-1994 to 47.3 percent in 2004-05, the GAP of Chha isgarh 54.7 STs to All (Table 7.5) has risen from 15 percent Jharkhand 54.2 to 19 percent in rural areas. The situation in Bihar 3.3 urban areas shows an improvement as the All India 47.3 percentage of STs below poverty line in Source: Perspective Planning Division, Planning Commission urban areas have steadily declined from 41.1 in 1993-94 to 33.3 in 2004-05, and the GAP of STs to All (Table 7.5) have also declined from States with Urban Poverty ratio> country’s average for 10 percent to 8 percent. Incidence of poverty STs (2004-05) is thus more pronounced among STs in rural State % of population areas than in urban areas. U arakhand 64.4 • Amongst the diff erent social groups, the Orissa 61.8 status of STs among diff erent Land size Karnataka 58.3 groups in rural areas (1999-2000) depicts a Bihar 57.2 similar picture with poverty inequities being Andhra Pradesh 50.0 highest for STs in every land size group (Table Jharkhand 45.1 7.2) Madhya Pradesh 44.7 • More than 90% of the STs are in rural areas. Chha isgarh 41.0 Given that incidence of rural poverty is higher Maharashtra 40.4 than urban poverty, one can expect poverty U ar Pradesh 37.4 among STs to be higher than that of the total All India 33.30 population. The STs are much less present in Source: Perspective Planning Division, Planning Commission the non-farm sector. Their economy is less diversifi ed than that of all categories; it is • The NSS Report No. 472 in the 61st Round (2004- largely based in and around agriculture. 05) shows per 1000 distribution of persons • As many as 60% of STs in rural areas live on by MPCE Class in Rupees. The table below

51 makes it evident that poverty alleviation is are already in place for the upliV ment of of continuing relevance to Scheduled Tribes’ Scheduled Tribes, more mechanisms should development since poverty levels continue be adopted to push forward the initiatives to be relatively high in Scheduled Tribes towards mitigating the ill eﬀ ects of poverty as compared to diﬀ erent social groups. In on Scheduled Tribes. addition to schemes and programmes that

Per 1000 distribution of persons by MPCE class (Rs.) MPCE Class STs SCs OBCs Others All

0-410 597 509 395 258 405 Rural 410-580 239 290 311 294 295 580-1155 150 176 249 356 252 1155 & above 14 24 46 92 50 0-675 458 567 490 269 399

Urban 675-1100 323 284 306 298 299 1100-25401 205 134 183 350 252 2540 & above 15 15 22 84 49 Average Monthly Per Capita Expenditure. MPCE:2004-05 (Rs.)

Rural 426 475 557 685 559 Urban 857 758 871 1306 1052 Source: Report No.472: NSS 61st Round – 2004-05

52 SECTION-8 WOMEN EMPOWERMENT AND DOMESTIC VIOLENCE

Section-8: Women Empowerment and Domestic Violence

A. Women Empowerment Primarily ‘Wife and husband’ jointly (69.8 • percent) decide how women’s cash earn- Empowerment is seen as a process by which ings are to be used. As far as women’s cash the ones without power gain greater control earnings when compared with their hus- over their lives. This means control over ma- band’s cash earnings are concerned, only 6.5 terial assets, intellectual resources and ideol- percent ST women earned more than their ogy. It involves power to, power with and husband which was lowest among all social power within. Some defi ne empowerment groups. The above information may provide as a process of awareness and conscientiza- some insight into women’s empowerment tion, of capacity building leading to greater in the family and the extent of their control participation, eff ective decision-making over decision-making in the household. power and control leading to transformative action. This involves ability to get what one • To assess women’s decision-making au- wants and to infl uence others on our con- tonomy, information was sought on wom- cerns. With reference to women, the power en’s participation in four diff erent types of relation that has to be involved includes household decisions: the respondent’s own their lives at multiple levels - family, com- health care, making major household pur- munity, market and the state. Importantly, chases, making household purchases for it involves at the psychological level - wom- daily needs, and visiting her family or rela- en’s ability to assert themselves and this is tives. As regards women’s participation in constructed by the ‘gender roles’ assigned decision making, it is seen that while 37.5 to her especially in a cultural setup which percent currently married women of age resists change like India. 15-49 participate in all four decisions, 20.0 • Employment can be a source of empower- percent participate in none of the four deci- ment for both women and men. It may be sions. (Table 8.3) particularly empowering for women if it • Table 8.4, which highlights men’s a itude to- puts them in control of income. As per Wom- ward wives’ participation in decision mak- en’s’ reports of NFHS-3 (2005-06), MoHFW, ing shows that 47.9 percent currently mar- Control over ST women’s cash earnings and ried ST men age 15-49 think that their wives relative magnitude of women’s cash earn- should have an equal or greater say than ings shows that the person who decides how their husband on all the fi ve decisions indi- women’s cash earnings are used is mainly cated in the Table while 88.1 percent of ST ‘Wife and husband’ which is in fact higher men think that their wives should have an for STs than all other social groups. Also, the equal or greater say than their husband on cash earnings of 73.3 percent of ST women how many children to have, with a meager of age group 15-49 yrs, were less when com- 4.4 percent who think that their wives need pared with their husband’s cash earnings not be a part of any of the decisions. which is in line with other social groups too. (Table 8.1) • Another facet of women’s empowerment is • Similar information as reported by men in ‘women’s access to money and credit’ (Table the age 15-49 shown in Table 8.2, indicates 8.5) wherein 38.2 percent of ST women have only 14.8 percent of ST women decide how money that they can decide how to use but women’s cash earnings are used, which is only 9.0 percent have a bank or savings ac- marginally lower than other social groups. count that they themselves use.

55 • 30.1 percent of ST women knew of a micro- taken a loan from a microcredit programme. credit programme but only 3.1 percent have (Table 8.5) (see diagram below)

56 • Table 8.6 shows ‘Women’s freedom of move- enous and migrant women, refugee women ment’ in terms of being allowed to go alone to and those in situations of armed confl ict, specifi c places (market, health facility, places women in institutions and detention, wom- outside the village/ community). While 30.3 en with disabilities, female children, and el- percent of ST women are allowed to go in derly women. Domestic violence is the most all the three places, only 3.0 percent are not prevalent yet relatively hidden and ignored allowed to go to any of the three places at form of violence against women and girls. all which is almost same for all the social groups chosen for the survey. • Violence against women has serious con- • Thus, all indicators of women’s access to fi - sequences for their mental and physical nancial resources, an important element of well-being including their reproductive and women’s empowerment, are lower for wom- sexual health (WHO 1997). One of the most en belonging to STs, as compared with wom- common forms of violence against women en belonging to the other social groups. worldwide is abuse by a husband.

B. Domestic violence against women • Table 8.7 shows prevalence of violence is much higher among women belonging to • Violence against women is present in every STs and SCs than among women who do not country, cu ing across boundaries of cul- belong to these categories. While variation ture, class, education, income, ethnicity and in violence during the 12 months preceding age. Specifi c groups of women are more vul- the survey by diff erent social group pa ern, nerable, including minority groups, indig- the diff erentials are much smaller.

57 • Table 8.8 shows that one ST woman out of • It is seen from Table 8.9 that ever married ten ST women in the age group 15-49 years ST women 47 percent of ever married have sometimes or the other experienced women in the age group of 15-49 years have sexual violence. experienced emotional, physical or sexual violence which is higher than that of any of • Women who believe that a husband is the other social groups. justifi ed in commi ing violence against • Out of these ever married women in the age his wife for any of the specifi ed reasons, group of 15-49 years who have experienced may believe themselves to be low in status emotional, physical or sexual violence, 65.4 both absolutely and relative to men. Such a percent ST women never told anyone about perception could act as a barrier to accessing the violence. Barely one out of ten women health care for them and their children, aff ect could tell someone and two out of ten their a itude toward contraceptive use, and women sought help from any source to end impact their general well-being. the violence. (Table 8.10)

58 SECTION-9 CRIMES COMMITTED AGAINST SCHEDULED TRIBE MEN AND WOMEN

Section-9: Crimes commi ed against Scheduled Tribe Men and Women

• The Scheduled Tribes in India, constituting Year-wise Comparative Incidence of Crime Against almost 8% of the total population, have not Scheduled Tribes remained untouched from various crimes. (Figures in percentages) They have been victims of countless crimes, Crime 2005 2006 2007 % variation both because of their gullibility and lack of in 2007 over 2006 hearing of their grievances. Looking at the year wise comparative data on the crimes Murder 164 195 140 -28.2 commi ed against Scheduled Tribes, from Rape 640 699 627 -10.3 2005 to 2007 (see table below), it is seen Kidnapping & 72 88 89 1.1 that: Abduction Arson 38 46 54 17.4 Protection of 162 49 5 -89.8 Civil Rights Act Source: National Crime Record Bureau, GOI

• Murders increased by 18.9% from 2005 to respectively. Protection of Civil Rights Act 2006 but decreased in the year 2007 by 28.2% saw a substantial decline from 2005 to 2006, and decreasing by 14.6% from 2005 to 2007. which was 69.7% and further decreased by Rapes increased by 9.2% from 2005 to 2006 89.8% from 2006 to 2007. but decreased by 10.3% from 2006 to 2007, • Analyzing State-wise data on incidence and thereby at the overall level, decreasing by 2% rate of crime commi ed against Scheduled from 2005 to 2007. Kidnappings and abduc- Tribes in 2007, it has emerged that the in- tions increased by 22.2% from 2005 to 2006 cidence of crime against STs is highest in but then increased very slightly by 1.15% in Madhya Pradesh with 1501 cases. Rajasthan, 2007. (See graph above ) having the second most tribal population, • From 2005 to 2006 and from 2006 to 2007, also ranks second with 1110 cases against arson steadily increased by 21% and 17.4%, Scheduled Tribes in India. (Table 9.1)

61 • Manipur has the least rate of crimes against • Studying the disposal of cases by police for Scheduled Tribes in India with one case as crimes commi ed against Scheduled Tribes per rank in terms of percentage share. during 2007, it was observed that most of • Studying the incidence, rate and percentage the cases pending in the courts were under contribution to all India of crimes commi ed SC/ST Prevention of Atrocities Act, 1989 for against scheduled tribes during 2007 under Scheduled Tribes followed by Hurt (Sec.323- diﬀ erent categories, it is clear that Madhya 333,335-338 IPC). (Table 9.3) Pradesh has the highest rate of crime. (Table • Large numbers of cases were disposed of by 9.2) courts for crimes commi ed against Sched- • The highest percentage of murders (35.2% uled Tribes during 2007. These included 124 among all India) and rapes (40% among all murder cases, where people were convicted, India) were again commi ed in the State of acqui ed or discharged by the court. (Table Madhya Pradesh and second highest were in 9.4) the State of Chha isgarh (16.4 and 17.1%). • 2804 cases of hurt involving Sections 323-333, • Cases of Kidnapping and Abduction were 335 and 338 of IPC were there in the court highest in State of Madhya Pradesh again but which included pending cases from the pre- Assam and Gujarat both had second highest vious year, out of which in 650 cases the trials percentage of cases of kidnapping and ab- were completed. duction (14%). • Out of 5420 cases at the beginning of the year • Dacoity at the all India level was highest in 2007, including pending cases from previous the State of Assam with 35.7%, Maharashtra year, involving SC/ST Prevention of Atroci- and Gujarat having second highest number ties Act, 1989 that were pending for trial, of cases with 14%. 4283 cases were still pending at the end of 2007. Other crimes against Scheduled Tribes • Orissa had the highest number of cases of also constituted a signiﬁ cant part of pending Robbery with 44.4%, while Assam coming trial and their disposal. second with 33.3% cases. The cases of Arson • were highest in the State of Madhya Pradesh Performance of the States in respect of dis- (22.4%), followed by Rajasthan with 18.4% posal of cases against Scheduled Tribes, by cases. courts for crimes commi ed against them during 2007, indicates that most of the cases • Cases of Hurt (Section 323-333, 335-338 of against Scheduled Tribes were pending in the IPC) were highest in the State of Madhya courts in the State of Madhya Pradesh (5711), Pradesh (19.4%), followed by Rajasthan with followed by Rajasthan (2325) and Orissa 14.9% cases. (2259). (Table 9.5) • The two states with majority of cases of abuse • Most of the cases where trials were complet- of Protection of Civil Rights Act (1955) were ed and persons convicted were in the States in the State of Andhra Pradesh with 83.3% of Madhya Pradesh (714) followed by Rajast- and Gujarat with 16.7% cases. • han (195). Most of the cases where trials were Andhra Pradesh was the State with the high- completed and persons were acqui ed were est number of cases under SC/ST Prevention in Madhya Pradesh (982) followed by Maha- of Atrocities Act (1989) with 25.2%, Karnata- rashtra (393). ka being the second with 16.8% cases. • • To conclude, in all India, the overall high- Looking at the overall picture, it was ob- est Conviction Rate for crimes commi ed served that for the Scheduled Tribe popula- against Scheduled Tribes was found in Na- tion in the country, the two most crime prone galand (100%) followed by U ar Pradesh states were found to be Madhya Pradesh and and U arakhand with 60% conviction Rate. the State of Rajasthan.

62 TABLES

SECTION-1

Demographic Status of Scheduled Tribe Population

Table 1.1: All -India Scheduled Caste, Scheduled Tribe Population (In Crore)

Population

Type Scheduled Tribe Scheduled Caste All Categories

Male 4.3 8.6 53.2

Female 4.2 8.1 49.6

All -India 8.4 16.7 102.9 Source: Census 2001

65 Table 1.2: State-wise Demographic Status of Scheduled Tribes as per Census 1991 & 2001, their decadal growth rate and proportions to the total population

S.No India/State Total Population Decadal ST Population Decadal % age of STs % age of Growth Growth in the State STs in 1991 2001 1991 2001 in % in % to total State the State population to total in 2001 ST population in India in 2001 India 838,583,988 1,028,610,328 22.66 67,758,380 84,326,240 24.45 8.2 -

1 Andhra Pradesh 66,508,008 76,210,007 14.59 4,199,481 5,024,104 19.64 6.6 5.96 2 Arunachal 864,558 1,097,968 27 550,351 705,158 28.13 64.2 0.84 Pradesh 3 Assam 22,414,322 26,655,528 18.92 2,874,441 3,308,570 15.1 12.4 3.92 4 Bihar 86,374,465 82,998,509 - 6,616,914 758,351 - 0.9 0.9 5 Chha isgarh* - 20,833,803 - - 6,616,596 - 31.8 7.85 6 Goa 1,169,793 1,347,668 15.21 376 566 50.53 - 0.001 7 Gujarat 41,309,582 50,671,017 22.66 6,161,775 7,481,160 21.41 14.8 8.87 8 Haryana 16,463,648 21,144,564 28.43 - - - - - 9 Himachal Pradesh 5,170,877 6,077,900 17.54 218,349 244,587 12.02 4 0.29 10 J&K - 10,143,700 1,105,979 10.9 1.31 11 Jharkhand* - 26,945,829 - - 7,087,068 - 26.3 8.4 12 Karnataka 44,977,201 52,850,562 17.51 1,915,691 3,463,986 80.82 6.6 4.11 13 Kerala 29,098,518 31,841,374 9.43 320,967 364,189 13.47 1.1 0.43 14 Madhya Pradesh 66,181,170 60,348,023 - 15,399,034 12,233,474 - 20.3 14.51 15 Maharashtra 78,937,187 96,878,627 22.73 7,318,281 8,577,276 17.2 8.9 10.17 16 Manipur 1,837,149 2,166,788 17.94 632,173 741,141 17.24 34.2 0.88 17 Meghalaya 1,774,778 2,318,822 30.65 1,517,927 1,992,862 31.29 85.9 2.36 18 Mizoram 689,756 888,573 28.82 653,565 839,310 28.42 94.5 1 19 Nagaland 1,209,546 1,990,036 64.53 1,060,822 1,774,026 67.23 89.1 2.1 20 Orissa 31,659,736 36,804,660 16.25 7,032,214 8,145,081 15.83 22.1 9.66 21 Punjab 20,281,969 24,358,999 20.1 - - - - - 22 Rajasthan 44,005,990 56,507,188 28.41 5,474,881 7,097,706 29.64 12.6 8.42 23 Sikkim 406,457 540,851 33.06 90,901 111,405 22.56 20.6 0.13 24 Tamil Nadu 55,858,946 62,405,679 11.72 574,194 651,321 13.43 1 0.77 25 Tripura 2,757,205 3,199,203 16.03 853,345 993,426 16.42 31.1 1.18 26 U arakhand* - 8,489,349 - - 256,129 - 3 0.3 27 U ar Pradesh 139,112,287 166,197,921 287,901 107,963 - 0.1 0.13 28 West Bengal 68,077,965 80,176,197 17.77 3,808,760 4,406,794 15.7 5.5 5.23 29 Andaman & Nicobar Islands 280,661 356,152 26.9 26.770 29,469 10.08 8.3 0.03 30 Chandigarh 642,015 900,635 40.28 - - - - - 31 Dadra & Nagar 138,477 220,490 59.22 109,380 137,225 25.46 62.2 0.16 Haveli 32 Daman & Diu. 101,586 158,204 55.73 11,724 13,997 19.39 8.8 0.017 33 Delhi 9,420,644 13,850,507 47.02 - - - - - 34 Lakshadweep 51,707 60,650 17.3 48,163 57,321 19.01 94.5 0.07 35 Puducherry 807,785 974,345 20.62 - - - - - * States like Chha isgarh, Jharkhand and U arakhand were created in the year 2000 a er re-organization of the states of Madhya 66 Pradesh, Bihar and U ar Pradesh. Table 1.3: State wise Scheduled Caste & Scheduled Tribe Population

Scheduled Caste population Scheduled Tribe population S No. State / UT Persons Males Females Persons Males Females

India 166,635,700 86,088,780 80,546,940 84,326,240 42,640,829 41,685,411

1 Andhra Pradesh 12,339,496 6,228,011 6,111,485 5,024,104 2,548,295 2,475,809 2 Arunachal Pradesh 6,188 3,590 2,598 705,158 352,017 353,141 3 Assam 1,825,949 943,674 882,275 3,308,570 1,678,117 1,630,453 4 Bihar 13,048,608 6,784,676 6,263,932 758,351 393,114 365,237 5 Chha isgarh 2,418,722 1,213,194 1,205,528 6,616,596 3,287,334 3,329,262

6 Goa 23,791 12,047 11,744 566 299 267 7 Gujarat 3,592,715 1,866,283 1,726,432 7,481,160 3,790,117 3,691,043 8 Haryana 4,091,110 2,188,585 1,902,525 - - - 9 Himachal Pradesh 1,502,170 763,333 738,837 244,587 122,549 122,038 10 Jammu & Kashmir 770,155 403,256 366,899 1,105,979 578,949 527,030 11 Jharkhand 3,189,320 1,640,583 1,548,737 7,087,068 3,565,960 3,521,108 12 Karnataka 8,563,930 4,339,745 4,224,185 3,463,986 1,756,238 1,707,748 13 Kerala 3,123,941 1,525,114 1,598,827 364,189 180,169 184,020 14 Madhya Pradesh 9,155,177 4,804,881 4,350,296 12,233,474 6,195,240 6,038,234 15 Maharashtra 9,881,656 5,063,062 4,818,594 8,577,276 4,347,754 4,229,522 16 Manipur 60,037 29,934 30,103 741,141 374,319 366,822 17 Meghalaya 11,139 5,920 5,219 1,992,862 996,567 996,295 18 Mizoram 272 212 60 839,310 422,963 416,347 19 Nagaland - - - 1,774,026 913,203 860,823 20 Orissa 6,082,063 3,073,278 3,008,785 8,145,081 4,066,783 4,078,298 21 Punjab 7,028,723 3,714,350 3,314,373 - - - 22 Rajasthan 9,694,462 5,067,679 4,626,783 7,097,706 3,650,982 3,446,724 23 Sikkim 27,165 13,807 13,358 111,405 56,940 54,465 24 Tamil Nadu 11,857,504 5,932,925 5,924,579 651,321 328,917 322,404 25 Tripura 555,724 283,186 272,538 993,426 504,320 489,106 26 U ar Pradesh 35,148,377 18,502,838 16,645,539 107,963 55,834 52,129 27 U arakhand 1,517,186 780,772 736,414 256,129 131,334 - 28 West Bengal 18,452,555 9,469,659 8,982,896 4,406,794 2,223,924 2,182,870 Andaman & Nicobar 29 Islands - - - 29,469 15,127 14,342 30 Chandigarh 157,597 86,187 71,410 - - - Dadra & Nagar 31 Haveli 4,104 2,159 1,945 137,225 67,663 69,562 32 Daman & Diu 4,838 2,498 2,340 13,997 7,190 6,807 33 Delhi 2,343,255 1,265,182 1,078,073 - - - 34 Lakshadweep - - - 57,321 28,611 28,710 35 Puducherry 157,771 78,140 79,631 - - -

Source: Census of India 2001

67 Table 1.4: Child Sex Ratio (Population 0-6 age group), Census 2001

S.No. State 1991 Census 2001 Census Total Gen. ST Total Gen. ST

1 India 1,2 945 940 985 927 919 972 2 Andhra Pradesh 975 972 978 961 957 972 3 Arunachal Pradesh 982 993 976 904 940 976 4 Assam 975 973 990 965 966 962 5 Bihar 953 950 983 942 938 975 6 Chha isgarh 984 978 996 975 962 998 7 Goa 964 964 1122 938 937 915 8 Gujarat 928 916 988 883 865 966 9 Haryana 879 875 NST 819 807 NST

10 Himachal Pradesh 951 945 966 896 876 955 11 Jammu & Kashmir NA NA NA 941 939 979 12 Jharkhand 979 973 993 965 955 979 13 Karnataka 960 957 970 946 941 961 14 Kerala 958 957 961 960 961 974 15 Madhya Pradesh 941 929 987 932 915 979 16 Maharashtra 946 940 982 913 903 965 17 Manipur 974 979 968 957 955 959 18 Meghalaya 986 949 991 973 963 974 19 Mizoram 969 988 969 964 909 966 20 Nagaland 993 916 1003 964 919 969 21 Orissa 967 951 998 953 938 979 22 Punjab 875 865 NST 798 767 NST 23 Rajasthan 916 910 958 909 897 950 24 Sikkim 965 960 973 963 963 964 25 Tamil Nadu 948 943 955 942 937 945 26 Tripura 967 954 984 966 956 981 27 U arakhand 949 945 973 908 899 955 28 U ar Pradesh 927 926 967 916 911 973 29 West Bengal 967 967 983 960 958 981 30 Andaman & Nicobar Islands 973 981 897 957 957 956 31 Chandigarh 899 889 NST 845 834 NST 32 Dadra & Nagar Haveli 1013 1005 1018 979 911 1009 33 Daman & Diu 958 966 911 926 923 983 34 Delhi 915 912 NST 868 861 NST 35 Lakshadweep 941 1138 936 959 1057 957 36 Puducherry 963 962 NST 967 962 NST 1 Excludes Jammu & Kashmir from 2001 Census as 1991 Census was not conducted in J&K. 2 Excludes ﬁ gures of Paomata, Mao Maram and Purul sub-divisions of Senapati district of Manipur for 2001. Total Includes General, ST & SC population; NA-Not available, NST-No Notiﬁ ed STs; GEN-Other than SC/ST population

68 Table 1.5: States/ UTs with Percentage of Tribal population more than the country’s average (8.2%)

S. No. State/UT % of STs in the State to total % of STs in the State to the total ST State Population population in India

1 Lakshadweep 94.51 0.07 2 Mizoram 94.46 1.00 3 Nagaland 89.15 2.10 4 Meghalaya 85.94 2.36 5 Arunachal Pradesh 64.22 0.84 6 Dadra & Nagar Haveli 62.24 0.16 7 Manipur 34.20 0.88 8 Chha isgarh 31.76 7.85 9 Tripura 31.05 1.18 10 Jharkhand 26.30 8.40 11 Orissa 22.13 9.66 12 Sikkim 20.60 0.13 13 Madhya Pradesh 20.27 14.51 14 Gujarat 14.76 8.87 15 Rajasthan 12.56 8.42 16 Assam 12.41 3.92 17 Jammu & Kashmir 10.90 1.31 18 Maharashtra 8.85 10.17 19 Daman & Diu 8.85 0.02 20 A & N Islands 8.27 0.03 Source: Census of India 2001

Table 1.6: Number of Districts, Villages & UAs/ Towns with % of SC/ST population in diﬀ erent ranges

Percentage of SC/ST population Scheduled tribes No. of Districts No. of villages No. of UAs/towns

Nil 50** 323,487 1,090 Upto 4.9 278 68,189 2,420 5.0 - 9.9 56 23,742 387 10.0 -19.9 69 28,662 264 20.0 -49.9 65 44,240 160 50.0 - 74.9 35 26,788 15 75.0 or above 40 78,507 42 Total 593 593,615 4,378 ** No ST list applicable. Source: Census of India 2001

69 Table 1.7: Number of districts in States/ UTs with more than 50% of ST Population

State/UT No. of Districts

NE States 41 Orissa 7 Chha isgarh 5 Madhya Pradesh 5 Gujarat 4 Jharkhand 3 Himachal Pradesh 2 Jammu & Kashmir 2 Rajasthan 2 Andaman & Nicobar 1 Dadra & Nagar Haveli 1 Lakshadweep 1 Maharashtra 1 All-India 75 Source: Census of India 2001

Table 1.8: Number of districts in States/ UTs with ST Population between 25% and 50%

State/UT No. of Districts

North Eastern States 9 Madhya Pradesh 10 Orissa 7 Chha isgarh 6 Jharkhand 5 Gujarat 3 Jammu & Kashmir 2 Maharashtra 2 Gujarat 2 Rajasthan 2 Andhra Pradesh 1 Himachal Pradesh 1 All- India 50 Source: Census of India 2001

70 Table 1.9: Number of CD Blocks having more than 50% ST population

S. No. State/ UTs No. of Districts S. No. State/ UTs No. of Districts

1 Jammu & Kashmir 16 14 Jharkhand 78 2 Himachal Pradesh 7 15 Orissa 101 3U arakhand 2 16 Chha isgarh 77 4 Rajasthan 22 17 Madhya Pradesh 76 5 Sikkim 1 18 Gujarat 41 6 Arunachal Pradesh 48 19 Dadra & Nagar Haveli 1 7 Nagaland 52 20 Maharashtra 24 8 Manipur 22 21 Andhra Pradesh 43 9 Mizoram 25 22 Lakshadweep 6 10 Tripura 17 23 Kerala 1 11 Meghalaya 32 24 Tamil Nadu 4 12 Assam 18 25 Andaman & Nicobar Islands 1 13 West Bengal 1 Total 716 Source: Census of India 2001

Table 1.10: States/ UTs with highest/ lowest % of Scheduled Tribes

State with highest proportion of Scheduled Tribes Mizoram ( 94.5)

State with lowest proportion of Scheduled Tribes Goa (0.04)

UT with highest proportion of Scheduled Tribes Lakshadweep (94.5)

UT with lowest proportion of Scheduled Tribes A & N Islands (8.3)

District with highest proportion of Scheduled Tribes Sarchhip, Mizoram (98.1)

District with lowest proportion of Scheduled Tribes Hathras, U ar Pradesh (0.01)

Source: Census of India 2001

71 Table 1.11: State-wise Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PTGs) and their Population in India from 1961 to 2001 (Figures in actual) Population S. No. States/ UTs. Name of PTG 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001

1. Chenchu 17609 24178 28434 40869 49232 2. Bodo Gadaba 21840 25108 27732 33127 36078

3. Gutob Gadaba - - - - - 1 4. Dongria Khond 21754 34382 39408 66629 85324 Andhra Pradesh 5. Kultia Khond - - - - -

6. Kolam 16731 26498 21842 41254 45671 7. Konda Reddi 35439 42777 54685 76391 83096

8. Kondasavara - 28189 - - - 9. Bondo Porja - - - - -

10. Khond Porja 9350 12347 16479 24154 32669 11. Parengi Proja - - - - -

12. Thoti 546 1785 1388 3654 2074

Total 123269 195264 189968 286078 334144

13. Asur 5819 7026 7783 9623 181 14. Birhor 2438 3461 4377 8083 406 Bihar (including Jharkhand up to 15. Birjia 4029 3628 4057 6191 17 1991; only Bihar 16. Hill Kharia 108983 127002 141771 151634 1501 for 2001) 17. Korwa 21162 18717 219940 24871 703 2 18. Mal Paharia 45423 48636 79322 86790 4631 19. Parhaiya 12268 14651 24012 30421 2429

20. Sauria Paharia 55605 59047 39269 48761 585 21. Savar 1561 3548 3014 4264 420

Total 257288 285716 523545 370638 10873

29. Kolgha - 29464 62232 82679 48419 30. Kathodi - 2939 2546 4773 5820 3 Gujarat 31. Kotwalia - 12902 17759 19569 21453 32. Padhar - 4758 10587 15896 22421

33. Siddi - 4482 5429 6336 8662

Total - 54545 98553 129253 106775

34. Asur - - - - 10347 35. Birhor - - - - 7514 36. Birjia - - - - 5365 Jharkhand 4 37. Hill Kharia - - - - 164022

38. Korwa - - - - 27177 39. Mal Paharia - - - - 115093

40. Parhaiya - - - - 20786 41. Sauria Paharia - - - - 31050

42. Savar - - - - 6004

Total - - - - 387358

Contd...

72 Population S. No. States/ UTs. Name of PTG 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 43. Jenu Kuruba 3623 6656 34747 29371 29828 5 Karnataka 44. Koraga 6382 7620 15146 16322 16071

Total 10005 14276 49893 45693 45899 45. Cholanaikayan - 306 234 - - 6 Kerala 46. Kadar - 1120 1503 2021 2145 47. Ka unayankan - 5565 8803 12155 14715 48. Koraga - 1200 1098 1651 1152

49. Kurumba - 1319 1283 1820 2174 Total - 9510 12921 17647 20186 50. Abujh Maria 11115 13000 15500 - - 51. Baiga - 6194 248949 317549 332936 Madhya Pradesh 52. Bharia - 1589 1614 - - (including 53. Birhor 513 738 561 2206 143 Chha isgarh) 7 54. Hill Korwa 23605 67000 19041 - - 55. Kamar - 13600 17517 20565 2424 56. Sahariya 174320 207174 281816 332748 450217

Total 209553 309295 584998 673068 785720 57. Katkari/Kathodi - 146785 174602 202203 235022 Maharashtra 8 58. Kolam - 56061 118073 147843 173646

59. Maria Gond - 53400 66750 - - Total - 256246 359425 350046 408668

9 Manipur 60. Maram Naga - 5123 6544 9592 1225 Total - 5123 6544 9592 1225 61. Chuktia Bhunjia - - - - - 62. Birhor - 248 142 825 702 63. Bondo - 3870 5895 7315 9378 64. Didayi - 3055 1978 5471 7371 10 Orissa 65. Dongria Khond - 2676 6067 - - 66. Juang - 3181 30876 35665 41339

67. Kharia - 1259 1259 - -

68. Kutia Khond - 3016 4735 - - 69. Lanjia Saura - 4233 8421 - -

70. Lodha - 1598 5100 7458 8905

71. Mankirdia - 133 1005 1491 1050 72. Paudi Bhuyan - 4424 8872 - -

73. Saura - 2845 2917 - -

Total - 30538 77267 58225 68745 74. Saharia 23125 26796 40945 59810 76237 11 Rajasthan Total 23125 26796 40945 59810 76237 Contd...

73 Name of PTG Population S. No. Stats/ UTs. 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001

75. Irular 79835 89025 105757 138827 155606 Tamil Nadu 76. Ka unayakan 6459 5042 26383 42761 45227 77. Kota 833 1188 604 752 925 12 78. Korumba 1174 2754 4354 4768 5498 79. Paniyan 4779 6093 6393 7124 9121 80. Toda 714 930 875 1100 1560 Total 93794 105032 144366 195332 217937

13 Tripura 81. Riang 56579 64722 84004 111606 165103 Total 56579 64722 84004 111606 165103

U ar Pradesh 82. Buksa - - 31807 34621 4367 (including U arakhand 83. Raji - - 1087 1728 998 14 upto 1991; only U ar Pradesh for 2001) Total - - 32894 36349 5365 84. Buksa - - - - 46771 15 U ranchal 85. Raji - - - - 517

Total - - - - 47288 86. Birhor - - 658 855 1017 16 West Bengal 87. Lodha - 45906 53718 68095 84966

88. Toto - - 675 - -

Total - 45906 55051 68950 85983 89. Great Andamanese - - 42 32 43 Andaman & Nicobar 90. Jarawa - - 31 89 240 17 Islands 91. Onge - - 97 101 96 92. Sentinelest - - - 24 39

93. Shom Pen 71 212 223 131 398

Total 71 212 393 377 816 All India Grand Total 773684 1403181 2260767 2412664 2768322

Source: Oﬃ ce of RGI & Census commissioner of India, Ministry of Home Aﬀ airs

74 Table 1.12: State wise Number and Types of Constituencies according to Social Groups- (General Elections, 2009- 15th LOK SABHA)

Type of Constituencies Election States/ UTs Completed GEN SC ST TOTAL

1. Andhra Pradesh 32 7 3 42 42 2. Arunachal Pradesh 2 0 0 2 2 3. Assam 11 1 2 14 14 4. Bihar 34 6 0 40 40 5. Goa 2 0 0 2 2 6. Gujarat 20 2 4 26 26 7. Haryana 8 2 0 10 10 8. Himachal Pradesh 3 1 0 4 4 9. Jammu & Kashmir 6 0 0 6 6 10. Jharkhand 8 1 5 14 1 11. Karnataka 21 5 2 28 28 12. Kerala 18 2 0 20 20 13. Madhya Pradesh 19 4 6 29 29 14. Maharashtra 39 5 4 48 48 15. Manipur 1 0 1 2 2 16. Meghalaya 0 0 2 2 2 17. Mizoram 0 0 1 1 1 18. Nagaland 0 0 1 1 1 19. Orissa 13 3 5 21 21 20. Punjab 9 4 0 13 13 21. Rajasthan 18 4 3 25 25 22. Sikkim 1 0 0 1 1 23. Tamil Nadu 32 7 0 39 39 24. Tripura 1 0 1 2 2 25. U ar Pradesh 63 17 0 80 80 26. West Bengal 30 10 2 42 42 27. Chha isgarh 6 1 4 11 11 28. U arakhand 4 1 0 5 5 29. Andaman & Nicobar Islands 1 0 0 1 1 30. Chandigarh 1 0 0 1 1 31. Dadra & Nagar Haveli 0 0 1 1 1 32. Daman & Diu 1 0 0 1 1 33. Delhi 6 1 0 7 7 34. Lakshadweep 0 0 1 1 1 35. Puducherry 1 0 0 1 1 TOTAL 412 84 47 543 543 Source: Election Commission of India

75 SECTION-2

Status of Education among Scheduled Tribes

Table 2.1: Literacy Rate of General, SC and ST Population (1961-2001) (Figures in percentage)

All Social Groups SC ST Year Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total

1961 40.40 15.35 28.30 16.96 3.29 10.27 13.83 3.16 8.53 1971 45.96 21.97 34.45 22.36 6.44 14.67 17.63 4.85 11.30 1981 56.38 29.76 43.57 31.12 10.93 21.38 24.52 8.04 16.35 1991 64.13 39.29 52.21 49.91 23.76 37.41 40.65 18.19 29.60 2001 75.26 53.67 64.84 66.64 41.90 54.69 59.17 34.76 47.10

Source: Registrar General of India

76 Table 2.2: State/ UT wise Literacy Rates of Scheduled Tribes (Census 2001) (Figures in percentage) Total Rural Urban S. No State/UTs Person Male Female Person Male Female Person Male Female

01 Andhra Pradesh 37.04 47.66 26.11 35.43 46.09 24.48 56.39 66.16 45.99 02 Arunachal Pradesh 49.62 58.77 40.56 45.04 54.33 35.83 77.39 85.92 69.05 03 Assam 62.52 72.34 52.44 61.29 71.29 51.04 86.75 92.43 80.62 04 Bihar 28.17 39.76 15.54 25.91 37.57 13.3 65.67 74.18 55.28 05 Chha isgarh 52.09 65.04 39.35 50.95 63.96 38.21 71.71 82.87 59.77 06 Goa 55.88 63.49 47.32 44.59 55.17 31.43 61.44 67.88 54.55 07 Gujarat 47.74 59.18 36.02 46.45 58.06 34.6 61.76 71.01 51.78 08 Haryana* ------09 Himachal Pradesh 65.5 77.71 53.32 64.78 77.18 52.5 87.19 92.03 81.15 10 Jammu & Kashmir 37.46 48.16 25.51 35.74 46.44 23.88 70.37 79.01 59.34 11. Jharkhand 40.67 53.98 27.21 38.08 51.67 24.38 67.8 77.83 57.38 12. Karnataka 48.27 59.66 36.57 45.26 56.92 33.32 64.57 74.39 54.34 13. Kerala 64.35 70.78 58.11 63.65 70.2 57.28 81.21 84.96 77.7 14. Madhya Pradesh 41.16 53.55 28.44 40.01 52.51 27.24 57.23 67.47 45.89 15. Maharashtra 55.21 67.02 43.08 52.31 64.52 39.88 74.18 82.98 64.7 16. Manipur 65.85 73.16 58.42 65.09 72.44 57.58 80.94 87.94 74.28 17. Meghalaya 61.34 63.49 59.2 56.36 58.72 53.97 86.67 88.95 84.58 18. Mizoram 89.34 91.71 86.95 82 86.11 77.71 96.77 87.55 96.01 19. Nagaland 65.95 70.26 61.35 62.55 67.09 57.72 88.7 91.63 85.6 20. Orissa 37.37 51.48 23.37 36.13 50.35 22.07 58.12 69.8 45.77 21. Punjab* ------22. Rajasthan 44.66 62.1 26.16 43.7 61.23 25.22 60.79 75.74 42.97 23. Sikkim 67.14 73.81 60.16 65.37 72.32 58.03 84.89 89.32 80.59 24. Tamil Nadu 41.53 50.15 32.78 38.41 47.19 29.48 58.6 66.56 50.68 25. Tripura 56.48 67.97 44.6 55.46 67.19 43.35 91.97 94.45 89.26 26. U ar Pradesh 35.13 48.45 20.7 32.99 46.71 18.34 51.1 60.61 39.54 27. U arakhand 63.23 76.39 49.37 61.65 75.29 47.36 85.91 91.55 79.48 28. West Bengal 43.4 57.38 29.15 42.35 56.6 27.88 58.67 68.57 48.2 29. Andaman & Nicobar Islands 66.79 73.61 59.58 65.82 72.68 58.62 93.71 97.01 89.49 30. Chandigarh* ------31. Dadra & Nagar Haveli 41.24 55.97 26.99 38.94 53.82 24.6 69.18 81.54 56.73 32. Daman & Diu 63.42 74.23 51.93 62.83 73.95 51.05 65.72 75.34 55.4 33. Delhi* ------34. Lakshadweep 86.14 92.16 80.18 84.71 91.26 78.18 87.9 93.29 82.64 35. Puducherry* ------India 47.1 59.17 34.76 45.02 57.39 32.44 69.09 77.77 59.87 * No notiﬁ ed ST Source: Registrar General of India, Census 2001 77 Table 2.3: Literacy rate of total population and Scheduled Tribes Population and Gap in Literacy rate – India /States/Union Territories: 1991-2001 (Figures in percentage)

S. No. India/State/UT# Literacy Gap in Literacy Literacy Gap in Literacy Rate - 1991 Rate Rate - 2001 Rate Total ST Total ST INDIA 52.2 29.6 22.6 64.8 47.1 17.7

01. Andhra Pradesh 44.1 17.2 26.9 60.5 37.0 23.4 02. Arunachal Pradesh 41.6 34.4 7.2 54.3 49.6 4.7 03. Assam 52.9 49.2 3.7 63.3 62.5 0.7 04. Bihar 37.5 18.9 18.6 47.0 28.2 18.8 05. Chha isgarh 42.9 26.7 16.2 64.7 52.1 12.6 06 Goa 75.5 42.9 32.6 82.0 55.9 26.1 07 Gujarat 61.3 36.4 24.9 69.1 47.7 21.4 08 Haryana 55.8 NST - 67.9 NST - 09. Himachal Pr. 63.9 47.1 16.8 76.5 65.5 11.0 10. Jammu & Kashmir NA NA NA 55.5 37.5 18.1 11. Jharkhand 41.4 27.5 13.9 53.6 40.7 12.9 12. Karnataka 56.0 36.0 20.0 66.6 48.3 18.4 13. Kerala 89.8 57.2 32.6 90.9 64.4 26.5 14. Madhya Pradesh 44.7 18.4 26.3 63.7 41.2 22.6 15. Maharashtra 64.9 36.8 28.1 76.9 55.2 21.7 16. Manipur 59.9 53.6 6.3 70.5 65.9 4.7 17. Meghalaya 49.1 46.7 2.4 62.6 61.3 1.2 18. Mizoram 82.3 82.7 0.4 88.8 89.3 0.5 19. Nagaland 61.6 60.6 1.0 66.6 65.9 0.6 20. Orissa 49.1 22.3 26.8 63.1 37.4 25.7 21. Punjab 58.8 NST - 69.7 NST - 22. Rajasthan 38.6 19.4 19.2 60.4 44.7 15.8 23. Sikkim 56.9 59.0 2.1 68.8 67.1 1.7 24. Tamil Nadu 62.7 27.9 34.8 73.5 41.5 31.9 25. Tripura 60.4 40.4 20.0 73.2 56.5 16.7 26. U arakhand 57.8 41.2 16.6 71.6 63.2 8.4 27. U ar Pradesh 40.7 20.0 20.7 56.3 35.1 21.1 28. West Bengal 57.7 27.8 29.9 68.6 43.4 25.2 29. Andaman& Nicobar 73.0 56.6 16.4 81.3 66.8 14.5 Islands# 30. Chandigarh# 77.8 NST - 81.9 NST - 31. Dadra & Nagar Haveli 40.7 28.2 12.5 57.6 41.2 16.4 32 Daman & Diu 71.2 52.9 18.3 78.2 63.4 14.8 33. Delhi# 75.3 NST - 81.7 NST - 34. Lakshadweep 81.8 80.6 1.2 86.7 86.1 0.5 35. Puducherry # 74.7 NST - 81.2 NST - Source: Census 2001

78 Table 2.4: Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) for Elementary stage (I-VIII)

All Categories Scheduled Caste Scheduled Tribes Year Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total

1990-91 90.3 65.9 78.6 100.6 63.5 82.5 99.6 60.2 80.4 1995-96 86.9 69.4 78.5 109.0 78.5 94.3 105.7 75.1 90.9 1999-2000 90.1 72.0 81.3 97.6 75.3 86.8 99.3 70.9 85.2 2000-01 90.3 72.4 81.6 97.3 75.5 86.8 102.5 73.5 88.0 2001-02 90.7 73.6 82.4 95.7 74.6 85.6 99.8 77.3 88.9 2002-03 85.4 79.3 82.5 87.1 74.4 81.1 86.7 73.9 80.5 2003-04 87.9 81.4 84.8 89.0 77.2 83.4 90.6 81.1 86.1 2004-05 96.9 89.9 93.5 106.5 90.3 98.8 108.5 95.8 102.4 2005-06 98.5 91.0 94.9 109.5 93.7 102.0 111.9 100.6 106.4 2006-07 100.4 93.5 97.1 113.5 97.8 106.0 114.7 104.2 109.6 2007-08 102.4 98.3 100.5 114.4 98.7 106.8 114.7 104.2 109.6

Source: Statistics of School Education , MHRD, 2006 -07 & Abstract of Statistics of School Education 2007- 08

79 Table 2.5: State- wise Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) 2007-08

ST Students S.No. States/UTs Classes I-V (6-10 years) Classes VI-VIII (11-13 yrs) Classes I-VIII (6-13 Yrs)

Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total

1 Andhra Pradesh 102.83 101.63 102.25 81.54 75.14 78.62 95.54 93.23 94.44 2 Arunachal Pradesh 152.94 137.15 145.14 95.72 81.54 88.61 133.5 117.91 125.76 3 Assam 95.02 100.88 97.84 84.38 78.55 81.56 91.27 92.92 92.06 4 Bihar 115.01 78.48 97.26 40.08 31.8 36.35 87.21 62.71 75.62 5 Chha isgarh 135.76 129.76 132.79 80.71 69.19 75 114.73 106.65 110.73 6 Goa * ------7 Gujarat 136.73 124.14 130.65 70.8 63.95 67.53 112.59 102.39 107.69 8 Haryana* ------9 Himachal Pradesh 147.12 144.88 146.02 145.43 136.65 141.17 146.46 141.73 144.16 10 Jammu & Kashmir 108.34 98.85 103.75 62.58 45.14 54.32 90.9 78.9 85.14 11 Jharkhand 144.16 119.38 131.72 61.35 50.85 56.21 111.47 93.11 102.34 12 Karnataka 107.89 108.34 108.11 89.98 83.15 86.67 101.23 98.94 100.12 13 Kerala 125.19 122.82 124.03 105.42 103.22 104.36 118.13 115.94 117.07 14 Madhya Pradesh 170.46 164.17 167.37 94.64 78.01 86.46 143.08 133.01 138.13 15 Maharashtra 147.94 121.12 134.33 87.13 78.5 83 123.49 105.16 114.4 16 Manipur 160.04 146.9 153.61 78.3 70.31 74.44 129.16 118.36 123.9 17 Meghalaya 166.76 164.19 165.49 89.52 96.45 92.96 138.83 139.68 139.25 18 Mizoram 167.55 161.65 164.64 90.14 88.27 89.22 136.68 132.39 134.57 19 Nagaland 92.46 88.7 90.64 61.56 61.49 61.53 80.71 78.42 79.61 20 Orissa 129.84 122.28 126.18 66.21 52.18 59.41 107.54 97.68 102.76 21 Punjab* ------22 Rajasthan 115.12 104.52 109.99 92.1 60.7 77.36 107.99 91.47 100.07 23 Sikkim 251.18 250.43 250.81 110.15 136.76 123.31 191.5 203.29 197.39 24 Tamil Nadu 186.79 162.42 175.07 73.61 68.26 71.05 143.76 126.72 135.57 25 Tripura 157.18 144.18 150.81 84.61 76.85 80.87 129.91 119.38 124.78 26 U ar Pradesh 170.09 118.78 145.43 74.59 33.46 55.17 122.44 76.93 100.76 27 U arakhand 148.28 154.16 151.15 130.25 127.61 128.96 141.7 144.47 143.05 28 West Bengal 113.19 97.12 105.08 65.92 50.26 58.56 96.41 81.95 89.28 29 A&N Islands 96.42 98.66 97.45 74.28 74.96 74.61 88.35 89.6 88.94 30 Chandigarh* ------31 D&N Haveli 155.44 154.48 154.97 97.96 67.68 83.55 133.19 121.99 127.76 32 Daman & Diu 128.46 126.53 127.52 123.88 115.33 119.84 126.7 122.39 124.62 33 Delhi ------34 Lakshadweep 60.39 61.66 61 60.87 60.4 60.64 60.57 61.19 60.87 35 Puducherry* ------INDIA 134.42 123.97 129.29 80.22 68.22 74.44 114.71 104.16 109.57

*No no ﬁ ed ST Source: Abstract of Statistics of School Education 2007- 08

80 Table 2.6 : Elementary (I-VIII) Gender Parity Index- All Categories, SC & ST Students (1990-91 to 2007-08)

S. No. Year All Categories Scheduled Caste Scheduled Tribe

1 1990-91 0.71 0.63 0.6 2 1995-96 0.8 0.72 0.71 3 1996-97 - 0.74 0.7 4 1997-98 - 0.75 0.73 5 1998-99 0.82 0.77 0.7 6 1999-2000 0.82 0.77 0.7 7 2000-01 0.8 0.78 0.72 8 2001-02 0.81 0.78 0.77 9 2002-03 0.93 0.78 0.81 10 2003-04 0.93 0.87 0.9 11 2004-05 0.93 0.85 0.88 12 2005-06 0.92 0.86 0.9 13 2006-07 0.93 0.86 0.91 14 2007-08 0.96 0.86 0.91 Source: Abstract of Statistics of School Education 2007- 08

81 Table 2.7 : State-wise Gender Parity Index (as on 30th Sept 2007)

ST Students S.No. States/UTs I-V VI-VIII I-VIII IX-XII I-XII

1 Andhra Pradesh 0.99 0.92 0.98 0.73 0.93 2 Arunachal Pradesh 0.9 0.85 0.88 0.79 0.87 3 Assam 1.06 0.93 1.02 0.7 0.94 4 Bihar 0.68 0.79 0.72 0.54 0.71 5 Chha isgarh 0.96 0.86 0.93 0.64 0.89 6Goa -- - - - 7 Gujarat 0.91 0.90 0.91 0.8 0.9 8 Haryana - - - - - 9 Himachal Pradesh 0.98 0.94 0.97 0.94 0.96 10 Jammu & Kashmir 0.91 0.72 0.87 0.87 0.88 11 Jharkhand 0.83 0.83 0.84 0.73 0.83 12 Karnataka 1 0.92 0.98 0.86 0.97 13 Kerala 0.98 0.98 0.98 1.13 1.01 14 Madhya Pradesh 0.96 0.82 0.93 0.57 0.9 15 Maharashtra 0.82 0.90 0.85 0.7 0.84 16 Manipur 0.92 0.90 0.92 0.89 0.91 17 Meghalaya 0.98 1.08 1.01 1 1 18 Mizoram 0.96 0.98 0.97 0.99 0.97 19 Nagaland 0.96 1 0.97 0.98 0.98 20 Orissa 0.94 0.79 0.91 0.77 0.9 21 Punjab - - - - - 22 Rajasthan 0.91 0.66 0.85 0.49 0.8 23 Sikkim 1 1.24 1.06 1.13 1.06 24 Tamil Nadu 0.87 0.93 0.88 0.98 0.91 25 Tripura 0.92 0.91 0.92 0.77 0.91 26 U ar Pradesh 0.7 0.45 0.63 0.42 0.6 27 U arakhand 1.04 0.98 1.02 0.85 1.0 28 West Bengal 0.86 0.76 0.85 0.61 0.83 29 A&N Islands 1.02 1.01 1.01 1.17 1.05 30 Chandigarh - - - - - 31 D&N Haveli 0.99 0.69 0.92 0.56 0.86 32 Daman & Diu 0.98 0.93 0.97 0.74 0.93 33 Delhi - - - - - 34 Lakshadweep 1.02 0.99 1.01 1.15 1.05 35 Puducherry - - - - - INDIA 0.92 0.85 0.91 0.71 0.89 Source: Abstract of Statistics of School Education 2007-08, Ministry of HRD

82 Table 2.8: Dropout Rates of All Categories, ST & SC Students (1990-91 to 2007-08)

Year Classes I to V Classes I to VIII Classes I to X Sex All ST SC All ST SC All ST SC

Boys 40.1 60.3 46.3 59.1 75.7 64.3 67.5 83.3 74.3 1990-91 Girls 46.0 66.1 54.0 65.1 82.2 73.2 76.9 87.7 83.4 Total 42.6 62.5 49.4 60.9 78.6 67.8 71.3 85.0 77.7

Boys 39.7 54.4 41.0 54.3 73.0 61.9 67.3 82.5 75.5 1996-97 Girls 40.9 60.0 45.2 59.5 78.3 68.3 73.7 86.8 81.0 Total 40.2 56.5 42.7 56.5 75.2 64.5 70.0 84.2 77.6

Boys 38.4 51.0 43.7 52.9 67.3 58.6 64.2 79.9 71.1 2001-02 Girls 39.9 54.1 47.1 56.9 72.7 63.6 68.6 82.9 74.9 Total 39.0 52.3 45.2 54.6 69.5 60.7 66.0 81.2 72.7

Boys 28.7 40.2 32.1 48.7 62.9 53.7 60.1 78.0 68.1 2005-06 Girls 21.8 39.3 33.8 49.0 62.9 57.1 63.6 79.2 73.8 Total 25.7 39.8 32.9 48.8 62.9 55.2 61.6 78.5 70.6

Boys 24.6 30.6 32.3 46.4 62.8 51.6 58.6 77.3 66.6 2006-07 Girls 26.8 35.8 39.9 45.2 62.2 55.0 61.5 79.1 72.2 Total 25.6 33.1 35.9 45.9 62.5 53.1 59.9 78.1 69.0

Boys 26.2 32.0 33.7 44.3 63.5 53.9 56.4 75.8 67.8 2007-08 Girls 24.8 32.4 29.5 41.4 63.1 51.0 57.3 77.4 68.6 Total 25.6 32.2 31.8 43.0 63.4 52.6 56.8 76.5 68.1

Decrease in 2007-08 over Total 16.9 22.7 16.5 12.1 15.7 12.6 9.7 6.5 7.1 1990-91 Source: Abstract of Statistics of School Education 2007- 08

83 Table 2.9: State-wise Dropout rates of ST Students (as on 30th Sept 2007)

Class (I-V) Class (I-VIII) Class (I-X) S.No. States/UTS Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total

1 Andhra Pradesh 43.56 49.07 46.26 70.19 74.73 72.4 81.08 83.61 82.26 2 Arunachal Pradesh 45.05 42.89 44.06 51.08 50.02 50.6 66.11 64.94 65.57 3 Assam 13.96 16.29 15.12 78.68 70.99 75.47 81.54 78.58 80.31 4 Bihar 39.05 26.85 34.67 74.77 73.54 74.24 86.9 85.48 86.36 5 Chha isgarh 20.97 30.5 25.62 ------6Goa ------7 Gujarat 53.21 51.79 52.57 65.49 67.81 66.53 72.21 75.32 73.64 8 Haryana ------9 Himachal Pradesh 0 0 0 0 0 0 24.91 34.43 29.63 10 Jammu & Kashmir 38.05 30.67 34.8 40.05 33.45 37.55 69.86 57.82 65.3 11 Jharkhand 27.29 16.34 22.63 - - - 12 Karnataka 14.62 15.96 15.27 35.8 40.89 38.22 54.02 59.43 56.63 13 Kerala 0.43 5.63 3.0 0 0 42.8 34.71 38.91 14 Madhya Pradesh 0 0 0 52.86 50.33 51.78 70.45 76.85 73.21 15 Maharashtra 27.24 31.37 29.2 40.65 45.05 42.72 67.79 76.83 72.07 16 Manipur 63.77 69.9 66.7 62.64 65.37 63.95 67.61 73.56 70.61 17 Meghalaya 49.86 46.19 48.02 62.74 57.74 60.26 78.67 75.75 77.22 18 Mizoram 46.81 43.9 45.44 61.72 59.34 60.6 72.54 69.23 70.97 19 Nagaland 34.46 30.89 32.82 39.18 35.5 37.47 68.24 65.03 66.28 20 Orissa 38.38 39.92 39.11 82.68 83.41 82.99 85.55 83.58 84.79 21 Punjab - - - 22 Rajasthan 47.53 53.63 50.44 61.25 68.28 64.29 63.84 73.36 67.65 23 Sikkim 34.63 21.11 28.04 52.33 37.54 45.03 66.27 53.96 60.41 24 Tamil Nadu 0 0 0 27.39 15.04 22.21 97.28 73.04 86.3 25 Tripura 35.88 40.84 38.26 65.23 67.5 66.3 80.38 82.78 81.51 26 U ar Pradesh 0 0 0 0 0 0 21.25 33.35 26.46 27 U arakhand 11.74 8.69 10.23 - - - - 28 West Bengal 45.09 48.53 46.76 80.54 74.97 78.39 87.94 84.18 86.7 29 A&N Islands 19.48 24.05 21.61 31..64 21.55 27.16 42.69 37.17 40.24 30 Chandigarh - - - 31 D&N Haveli 19.14 32.4 25.82 30.67 56.3 27.16 61.16 73.13 66.66 32 Daman & Diu 6.88 16.11 11.42 27.87 40.66 - 59 50.23 55.06 33 Delhi 0 0 0 0 0 42.74 20.27 8.81 14.92 34 Lakshadweep -5.04 8.05 1.24 0 0 33.71 25.62 34.88 30.03 35 Puducherry - - - INDIA 32.04 32.45 32.23 63.54 63.13 63.36 75.83 77.38 76.49 Source: Abstract of Statistics of School Education 2007- 08

84 PM F F PM Graduate & above Source : Census of India 2001 Source cate or certiﬁ Technical diploma Technical diploma or Non-technical Intermediate level Table 2.10: Percentage of Education level by sex for Scheduled Tribes at all levels 2.10: Percentage of Education level by sex for Scheduled Tribes Table Below Primary Primary Middle Matric / Secondary Higher secondary / T/ R/ U PTotal M 14.83Rural F 8.96 13.62Urban 5.86 8.31 P 1.21 10.16 Rural/ Urban T/R/U: Total/ 5.31 0.66P/M/F: Person/ Male/ Female 6.47 M 8.98 0.55 3.69 5.82 F 1.18 5.41 3.16 0.66 3.6 P 4.56 1.81 0.52 3.11 M 3.43 0.85 1.45 0.49 2.35 F 2.7 0.36 1.08 1.91 P 0.73 1.46 0.79 0.44 M 1.03 1.05 0.29 0.43 F 0.78 0.4 0.01 0.43 0.01 0.25 P 0 0 0.43 0.12 M 0 0 0.09F PM F 0.02 0 0 0.9 0.08F P 0 0.68 0.06 0.23 0.04 0.02 M 0.03 0.55 0.01 0.44 0.11 0.36 0.24 0.12

85 ed Un- classiﬁ Graduate Source : Census of India 2001 Source and above diploma Technical Technical Non- diploma technical Higher secondary secondary Primary Middle Matric Below primary level Table 2.11: Education level by age groups for Scheduled Tribes at all levels 2.11: Education level by age groups for Scheduled Tribes Table Literate without educational 199,658 27,614 20,420 13,374 6,972 3,634 1,770 4 143 1,231 18 Total Total population stated groups Age not 123 0-64 75 15,560,227 86 97 2,144,651 10 2,865,0308 11 0 1,956,2069 17,830 12 3,035,80510 23,522 1,469,435 13 1,051,16611 13,340 2,721,815 14 1,638,232 27,62012 0 15 1,297,985 1,621,233 10,62013 16 1,580,420 1,873,090 0 29,36814 17 1,918,259 67,001 0 587,944 376,10815 17,035 0 18 1,778,820 721,79416 25,311 543,950 19 1,059,635 34,345 1,012,96017 20-24 0 284,063 2,174,471 0 36,88618 25-29 0 268,826 0 718,642 0 6,745,721 239,592 21,418 65,543 926,22619 30-34 606,926 0 6,641,651 201,619 55,46520 35-39 169,715 439,685 0 5,986,735 205,010 108,95521 40-44 0 22,612 412,734 339,507 0 0 5,696,039 236,097 221,547 0 422,89322 45-49 0 181,305 4,330,501 643,025 234,794 0 362,29723 50-54 335,751 91,843 0 108,760 0 3,685,371 642,768 220,730 201,69724 55-59 860,913 0 0 218,224 0 2,734,626 592,100 152,859 0 315,76125 60-64 134,521 0 732,409 0 210,881 2,072,535 603,098 116,076 753,60826 65-69 0 547,620 246,974 134,594 2,036,863 452,796 0 0 565,356 027 75,008 70-74 491,697 0 579,504 1,334,211 379,604 0 0 0 377,882 0 50,218 75-79 357,546 0 112,238 114,799 0 432,07528 278,514 0 262,767 46,239 929,890 299,666 80+ 0 415,241 303,921 0 174,046 029 196,205 28,632 0 370,754 250,302 0 82,879 188,819 232,816 0 0 292 134,769 0 165,121 0 0 149,995 1,584 19,875 0 118,880 All ages 152,411 456,782 113,117 0 0 1,135 80,221 121,827 84,326,240 91,935 8,276 4,198 85,186 0 278 0 0 24,225 45,670 0 49,824 72,435 809 51,246 0 0 10,838 0 18,320 0 1,767,638 0 76,773 33,130 154,946 0 26,446 3,443 0 30,620 572 14,726 41,954 0 12,503,832 32,185 200,283 14,099 0 0 315 35,770 0 18,914 67 8,566,717 10,209 23,560 14,459 0 211 139,440 45 0 96 66 11,810 8,235 4,561,035 9,202 573 6,209 16,361 0 0 59 0 100,743 148 544 4,726 4,615 2,891,825 26 4,664 95 42 35 64,569 6,737 2,208 5,368 1,228,356 411 83 45 66 3,891 44,488 3,666 76 334 35 69 1,450 5,585 3,034 4,060 31 26,570 208 2,272 97,236 841 190 13,590 1,018 1,202 25 761,179 7,389 123 15 3,667 457 14 98 3,418 179 67 2,056 186 48 964 1,243 26 11 14 S.No. Age

86 Table 2.12: Enrolment by stages (Primary I-V) of School Education: All Categories, SC & ST (Figures in ‘000)

All Categories SC ST

Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total

1980-81 45300 28500 73800 7213 3768 10981 3133 1527 4660 1985-86 52200 35200 87400 8727 5194 13921 4174 2406 6580 1990-91 57000 40400 97400 9737 6057 15794 4958 2911 7869 1991-92 58600 42300 100900 9709 6328 16037 4951 3082 8033 1992-93 57900 41700 99600 10317 7034 17351 5032 3333 8365 1993-94 55100 41900 97000 10412 7169 17581 5154 3441 8595 1994-95 60000 45100 105100 10889 7543 18432 5454 3605 9059 1995-96 60900 46200 107100 11284 7892 19176 5589 3826 9415 1996-97 61400 46800 108200 11754 8368 20122 5896 4057 9953 1997-98 62300 48000 110300 12104 8759 20863 6141 4311 10452 1998-99 62700 49000 111700 12453 9185 21638 6225 4452 10677 1999-00 63600 50000 113600 12296 9157 21453 6539 4728 11267 2000-01 64000 49800 113800 12059 9136 21195 6330 4665 10995 2001-02 63600 50300 113900 12251 9253 21504 6691 5040 11731 2002-03 65100 57300 122400 11943 9726 21669 6422 5408 11830 2003-04 68400 59900 128300 12764 10365 23129 6776 5741 12517 2004-05 69700 61100 130800 13762 10995 24757 7367 6369 13737 2005-06 70500 61600 132100 13988 11325 25313 7513 6601 14114 2006-07 71100 62600 133700 14455 11810 26265 7637 6791 14428 2007-08 71500 64800 136200 13732 12604 26336 7708 7074 14783 Source: Selected Educational Statistics, M/o HRD, 2005-06 & Abstract of Statistics of School Education 2007-08, Ministry of HRD

87 Table 2.13: Enrolment by stages (Middle/ Upper Primary VI-VIII) of School Education : All Categories, SC & ST (Figures in 000’) All Categories SC ST Year Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total

1980-81 13900 6800 20700 1621 602 2223 537 205 742

1985-86 17700 9600 27100 2537 1082 3619 893 390 1283

1990-91 21500 12500 34000 2747 1413 4160 1131 576 1707

1991-92 22000 13600 35600 3137 1556 4693 1214 580 1794

1992-93 21200 12900 34100 3478 1933 5411 1336 693 2029

1993-94 20600 13500 34100 3566 2014 5580 1424 770 2194

1994-95 22100 14300 36400 3330 1883 5213 1377 871 2248

1995-96 22700 14800 37500 3453 1992 5445 1448 837 2285

1996-97 22900 15200 38100 3621 2176 5797 1508 894 2402

1997-98 23600 15900 39500 3825 2299 6124 1643 996 2639

1998-99 23900 16500 40400 3918 2505 6423 1698 1026 2724

1999-00 24300 17000 41300 3945 2582 6527 1802 1106 2908

2000-01 25300 17500 42800 4066 2628 6694 1879 1205 3084

2001-02 26100 18700 44800 4551 2945 7496 2054 1306 3360

2002-03 26300 20600 46900 4430 3062 7492 1930 1320 3250

2003-04 27300 21500 48700 4734 3343 8077 2136 1526 3662

2004-05 28500 22700 51200 5100 3597 8697 2395 1776 4171

2005-06 28900 23300 52200 5313 3834 9147 2516 1950 4466

2006-07 29900 24600 54500 5465 3988 9453 2605 2050 4665

2007-08 30700 26100 56800 5307 4598 9905 2579 2107 4686

Source: Selected Educational Statistics, M/o HRD, 2005-06 & Abstract of Statistics of School Education 2007-08, Ministry of HRD

88 Table 2.14: Enrolment by stages (Secondary/ Sr. Secondary IX-XII) of School Education : All Categories, SC & ST (Figures in 000’)

All Categories SC ST Year Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total

1980-81 7600 3400 11000 906 246 1152 537 205 742

1985-86 11500 5000 16500 1378 432 1810 420 165 585

1990-91 12800 6300 19100 1703 635 2338 567 238 805 20400 2581 843 1991-92 13500 6900 1878 703 590 253

1992-93 13600 6900 20500 1822 709 2531 610 272 882

1993-94 13200 7500 20700 1981 827 2808 682 315 997

1994-95 14200 7900 22100 1788 803 2591 779 350 1129

1995-96 14600 8300 22900 1854 887 2741 763 359 1122

1996-97 15300 8700 24000 1952 975 2927 790 385 1175 1997-98 16100 9300 25400 2042 1050 3092 823 417 1240

1998-99 16600 10100 26700 2255 1221 3476 909 464 1373

1999-00 17200 10800 28000 2389 1332 3721 980 500 1480

2000-01 16900 10700 27600 2418 1394 3812 955 535 1490

2001-02 18400 12100 30500 2693 1622 4314 1079 622 1701

2002-03 19500 13700 33200 2776 1624 4400 1105 678 1783

2003-04 20600 14400 35000 2938 1522 4760 1222 729 1951

2004-05 21700 15400 37100 3228 1990 5218 1290 795 2085

2005-06 22300 16100 38400 3413 2185 5598 1340 863 2203

2006-07 23000 16900 39900 3644 2408 6052 1448 952 2400

2007-08 25060 19010 44160 3619 2711 6330 1525 1035 2560

Source: Selected Educational Statistics, M/o HRD, 2005-06 & Abstract of Statistics of School Education 2007-08, Ministry of HRD

89 Table 2.15: State-wise Enrolment by Stages of School Education of ST Students – Pre-Primary, Primary, Upper-Primary (as on 30th Sept 2007)

S. Upper Primary / Middle /Sr. P r e - P r i m a r y P r i m a r y / J r . B a s i c ( C l a s s e s 1 - V ) No. States/UTs Basic (Classes VI-VIII)

Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total

1 Andhra Pradesh 20582 16752 37334 382779 355844 738623 158802 129034 287836 2 Arunachal Pradesh 23309 21755 45064 77782 69481 147263 27917 24219 52136 3 Assam 67401 67116 134517 320155 310282 630437 131744 125947 257691 4 Bihar 0 0 0 82367 54528 136895 16640 10547 27187 5 Chha isgarh 9398 5567 14965 551763 470917 1022680 242924 194902 437826 6 Goa 4526 4105 8631 3011 2685 5696 7 Gujarat 604550 512704 1117254 187435 154204 341639 8 Haryana 9 Himachal Pradesh 19211 18118 37329 12532 11298 23830 10 Jammu & Kashmir 6291 5520 11811 78292 67030 145322 27850 18083 45933 11 Jharkhand 22 29 51 884217 836201 1720418 179412 148799 328211 12 Karnataka 221233 207659 428892 113293 99676 212969 13 Kerala 21703 20391 42094 10442 9967 20409 14 Madhya Pradesh 1303984 1269212 2573196 335447 274804 610251 15 Maharashtra 156069 145790 301859 667970 601041 1269011 279236 231341 510577 16 Manipur 26183 23928 50111 69565 61503 131068 20884 17548 38432 17 Meghalaya 76233 80484 156717 243372 222631 466003 66700 71315 138015 18 Mizoram 77796 72894 150690 27754 26394 54148 19 Nagaland 57032 51783 108815 107526 99190 206716 43593 40310 83903 20 Orissa 639338 610648 1249986 193073 153227 346300 21 Punjab 22 Rajasthan 10396 6236 16632 713674 613260 1326934 282635 178581 461216 23 Sikkim 15293 15473 30766 5133 6347 11480 24 Tamil Nadu 38557 35695 74252 55986 51009 106995 22807 18941 41748 25 Tripura 470 347 817 104908 96417 201325 36003 29927 65930 26 U ar Pradesh 83000 77000 160000 23000 20000 43000 27 U arakhand 24910 24678 49588 12639 11806 24445 28 West Bengal 327871 309018 636889 106474 88469 194943 29 A&N Islands 55 41 96 1451 1266 2717 876 802 1678 30 Chandigarh 11 9 20 31 25 56 1 28 29 31 D&N Haveli 13796 13318 27114 5817 3938 9755 32 Daman & Diu 22 23 45 1066 938 2004 599 461 1060 33 Delhi 59 82 141 4546 4024 8570 1949 1716 3665 34 Lakshadweep 344 367 711 3737 3507 7244 2275 2083 4358 35 Puducherry INDIA 492434 461524 953958 7708398 7074312 14782710 2578897 2107399 4686296 Source: Selected Educational Statistics, M/o HRD, 2005-06 & Abstract of Statistic of School Education 2007-08, Ministry of HRD

90 Table 2.16: State-wise Enrolment by Stages of School Education of ST Students (Secondary & Higher Secondary)

High / Secondary (Classes IX-X) Inter. Colleges / Higher Secondary Classes S.No. States/UTS (XI-XIII) Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total

1 Andhra Pradesh 72853 56919 129772 59849 34828 94677 2 Arunachal Pradesh 12238 10741 22979 6662 5082 11744 3 Assam 67012 48506 115518 18833 11649 30482 4 Bihar 5492 2745 8237 4300 1584 5884 5 Chha isgarh 85341 60095 145436 46490 27117 73607 6 Goa 1642 1600 3242 476 517 993 7 Gujarat 87043 67019 154062 39056 29862 68918 8 Haryana 00000 0 9 Himachal Pradesh 6305 5352 11657 4500 3322 7822 10 Jammu & Kashmir 10052 7174 17226 3527 3302 6829 11 Jharkhand 56631 40456 97087 7019 4523 11542 12 Karnataka 52013 42927 94940 31211 22242 53453 13 Kerala 4782 4776 9558 229 216 445 14 Madhya Pradesh 132653 75228 207881 69836 35698 105534 15 Maharashtra 111086 73488 184574 58328 33667 91995 16 Manipur 10506 8838 19344 2691 2183 4874 17 Meghalaya 23151 26085 49236 4032 4756 8788 18 Mizoram 13920 13817 27737 6052 5620 11672 19 Nagaland 15585 15356 30941 10269 9227 19496 20 Orissa 63482 46042 109524 24227 16658 40885 21 Punjab 00000 0 22 Rajasthan 121233 62091 183324 46976 18860 65836 23 Sikkim 1961 2277 4238 1167 1356 2523 24 Tamil Nadu 5877 7322 13199 4092 3252 7344 25 Tripura 15086 12589 27675 6095 4127 10222 26 U ar Pradesh 9896 5622 15518 5011 2957 7968 27 U arakhand 5596 4669 10265 3540 2420 5960 28 West Bengal 48710 28126 76836 11080 13469 24549 29 A&N Islands 535 476 1011 286 383 669 30 Chandigarh 24625 7 31 D&N Haveli 2557 1486 4043 1563 719 2282 32 Daman & Diu 254 242 496 125 121 246 33 Delhi 953 856 1809 787 782 1569 34 Lakshadweep 1313 1178 2491 1012 1034 2046 35 Puducherry 00000 0 INDIA 1045760 734102 1779862 479323 301538 780861 Source: Abstract of Statistics of School Education 2007-08, Ministry of HRD

91 Table 2.17: State-wise Number of ST Girls enrolled Per Hundred ST Boys (as on 30th Sept 2007)

Classes Classes Classes Classes Classes S.No. States/UTs L-V VI-VIII I-VIII IX-X IX-XII

1 Andhra Pradesh 93 81 90 78 69 2 Arunachal Pradesh 89 87 89 88 84 3 Assam 97 96 97 72 70 4 Bihar 66 63 66 50 44 5 Chha isgarh 85 80 84 70 66 6 Goa 91 89 90 97 100 7 Gujarat 85 82 84 77 77 8 Haryana 0 0 0 0 0 9 Himachal Pradesh 94 90 93 85 80 10 Jammu & Kashmir 86 65 80 71 77 11 Jharkhand 95 83 93 71 71 12 Karnataka 94 88 92 83 78 13 Kerala 94 95 94 100 100 14 Madhya Pradesh 97 82 94 57 55 15 Maharashtra 90 83 88 66 63 16 Manipur 88 84 87 84 84 17 Meghalaya 91 107 95 113 113 18 Mizoram 94 95 94 99 97 19 Nagaland 92 92 92 99 95 20 Orissa 96 79 92 73 71 21 Punjab 0 0 0 0 0 22 Rajasthan 86 63 79 51 48 23 Sikkim 101 124 107 116 116 24 Tamil Nadu 91 83 89 125 106 25 Tripura 92 83 90 83 79 26 U ar Pradesh 93 87 92 57 58 27 U arakhand 99 93 97 83 78 28 West Bengal 94 83 92 58 70 29 A&N Islands 87 92 89 89 105 30 Chandigarh 81 - - - - 31 D&N Haveli 97 68 88 58 54 32 Daman & Diu 88 77 84 95 96 33 Delhi 89 88 88 90 94 34 Lakshadweep 94 92 93 90 95 35 Puducherry 0 0 0 0 0 INDIA 92 82 89 70 68 Source: Abstract of Statistics of School Education 2007- 08

92 Table 2.18: State wise High School Examination Results of ST Students - 2007 (In Numbers)

Appeared Passed Pass percentage S.No. Name of the Board Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total

Board of Secondary Education, 1 Andhra Pradesh 44579 27956 72535 31105 20197 51302 69.78 72.25 70.73

Board of Secondary Education, 2 Assam 20571 18701 39272 9172 6719 15891 44.59 35.93 40.46

3 Bihar School Education Board 2593 1056 3649 1414 559 1973 54.53 52.94 54.07 Chha isgarh 4 Board of Secondary 39934 27865 67799 15634 10633 26267 39.15 38.16 38.74 Education

5 Central Board of Secondary 13550 10432 23982 10407 7465 17872 76.8 71.56 74.52 Education, New Delhi

6 Council for the Indian School 1447 1292 2739 1417 1281 2698 97.93 99.15 98.5 Certiﬁ cate Examinations, Delhi

7 National Institute of Open 9946 10777 20723 3286 3643 6929 33.04 33.8 33.44 Schooling, Delhi Goa 8 Board of Secondary & Higher 322 306 628 216 170 386 67.08 55.56 61.46 Secondary Education Gujarat 9 Secondary & Higher 40348 28795 69143 19336 15310 34646 47.92 53.17 50.11 Secondary Education Board

10 Board of School Education Haryana 149 27 176 93 20 113 62.42 74.07 64.2 11 H.P. Board of School Education 4353 3824 7177 2398 2087 4485 55.09 54.58 54.85 J.K 12 State Board of School NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Education Jharkhand 13 Academic Council, 35570 23051 58621 27157 18883 46040 76.35 81.92 78.54 Ranchi Karnataka 14 Secondary Education 22452 17213 39665 18364 14369 32733 81.79 83.48 82.52 Examination Board Kerala 15 Board of Public 3805 3436 7241 2138 2226 4364 56.19 64.78 60.27 Examination

Maharashtra State Board of 16 Secondary & Higher Secondary 68119 45587 113706 42106 28236 70342 61.81 61.94 61.86 Education

17 Board of Secondary Education, Madhya Pradesh 40081 21496 61577 16963 9167 26130 42.32 42.65 42.43 M.P. 18 State Open School Board of 5679 3634 9313 2140 1450 3590 37.68 39.9 38.55 Secondary Education

19 Board of Secondary Education Manipur 3409 3473 6882 2687 2426 5113 78.82 69.85 74.3 Meghalaya 20 Board of school 9081 9123 18204 5082 5536 10618 55.96 60.68 58.33 Education Mizoram 21 Board of School 3706 3868 7574 3329 2981 6310 89.83 77.07 83.31 Education

Contd...

93 Table 2.18: State wise High School Examination Results of ST Students - 2007 (In Numbers)

Appeared Passed Pass percentage S.No. Name of the Board Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total

Nagaland Board of School 22 8920 9067 17987 5681 5407 11088 63.69 59.63 61.64 Education Board of secondary Education, 23 32397 21862 54259 17291 10526 27817 53.37 48.15 51.27 Orissa 24 Punjab School Education Board 2023 1508 3531 1208 1231 2439 59.71 81.63 69.07 Board of Secondary Education, 25 Rajasthan 57836 26099 83935 22116 9564 31680 38.24 36.65 37.74

Tamil Nadu State Board of 26 2980 2423 5403 2089 1773 3862 70.1 73.17 71.48 School Examination Tripura Board of Secondary 27 7932 6658 14590 3551 2563 6114 44.77 38.5 41.91 Education UP Board of High School & 28 9663 5230 14893 6887 4026 10913 71.27 76.98 73.28 Intermediate Education U arakhand Shiksha Evm 29 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Pariksha Parishad West Bengal Board of secondary 30 17532 11843 29375 8427 4610 13037 48.07 38.93 44.38 Education West Bengal Board of 31 76 35 111 45 25 70 59.21 71.43 63.06 Madrashah Education

Rabindra Mukta Vidyalaya (West 32 1242 1377 2619 325 385 710 26.17 27.96 27.11 Bengal State Open School) 510295 348014 858309 282064 193468 475532 55.27 55.59 55.4 Total

Source: Abstract of Statistics of School Education 2007- 08

94 Table 2.19: State wise Higher Secondary Examination Results of ST Students, 2007

S.No. Name of the Board Appeared Passed Pass percentage Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total

1 Board of Intermediate 31641 16782 48423 15697 8715 24412 49.61 51.93 50.41 Education, Andhra Pradesh

Assam 2 Higher Secondary 13486 11413 24899 7420 6141 13561 55.02 53.81 54.46 Education Council Bihar 3 Intermediate Education 3740 1546 5286 2347 1046 3393 62.75 67.66 64.19 Council Bihar 4 Madarasa Education - Board Patna

5 Central Board of Secondary 7905 5881 13786 5655 4431 10086 71.54 75.34 73.16 Education, New Delhi Chha isgarh 6 Board of 19959 10701 30660 12855 7502 20357 64.41 70.11 66.4 Secondary Education

Council for the Indian School 7 Certiﬁ cate Examinations, New 552 509 1061 512 493 1005 92.75 96.86 94.72 Delhi

8 National Institute of Open 6345 6041 12386 2326 2296 4622 36.66 38.01 37.32 Schooling, Delhi Goa Board of Secondary & 147 78 225 109 62 171 74.15 79.49 76 Higher Secondary Education Gujarat 9 Secondary & Higher 14280 10746 25026 11923 9791 21714 83.49 91.11 86.77 Secondary Education Board

10 Board of School Education 30 17 47 23 14 37 76.67 82.35 78.72 Haryana, Bhiwani H.P 11 . Board of School Education 2157 1755 3912 1371 1199 2570 63.56 68.32 65.7 Dharamshala J.K 12 State Board of School NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Education Jharkhand 13 Academic Council, 19328 13277 32605 12703 9779 22482 65.72 73.65 68.95 Ranchi Department of Pre-University 14 14285 8683 22968 6683 5244 11927 46.78 60.39 51.93 Education, Karnataka Kerala 15 Board of Hr. Secondary 1333 1666 2999 863 1035 1898 64.74 62.12 63.29 Examination

Maharashtra State Board of 33589 17703 51292 16701 9969 26670 49.72 56.31 52 16 Secondary & Higher Secondary Education

17 Board of Secondary Education , 18032 8119 26151 12688 6269 18957 70.36 77.21 72.49 Madhya Pradesh

18 M.P. State Open School Board 2899 1596 4495 731 605 1336 25.22 37.91 29.72 of Secondary Education Council of Higher Secondary 19 3336 2674 6010 2027 1629 3656 60.76 60.92 60.83 Education, Imphal, Manipur Contd....

95 ..

Table 2.19: State wise Higher Secondary Examination Results of ST Students 2007

Appeared Passed Pass percentage S.No. Name of the Board Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total

Meghalaya Board of school 9081 9123 18204 5082 5531 10613 55.96 60.63 58.3 20 Education Mizoram Board of School 3133 2966 6099 1758 1741 3499 56.11 58.7 57.37 21 Education Nagaland Board of School 4607 4333 8940 2952 2916 5868 64.08 67.3 65.64 22 Education

Council of Hr. Secondary 10690 7390 18080 4752 3103 7855 44.45 41.99 43.45 23 Education Orissa Punjab School Education 189 177 366 140 148 288 74.07 83.62 78.69 24 Board, Mohali Board of Secondary 24400 8031 32431 15474 5436 20910 63.42 67.69 64.48 25 Education, Rajasthan, Ajmer Tamil Nadu State Board of 1640 1215 2855 1135 883 2018 69.21 72.67 70.68 26 School Examination Tripura Board of Secondary 1999 1533 3532 1049 767 1816 52.48 50.03 51.42 27 Education UP Board of High School & 4707 2721 7428 3915 2447 6362 83.17 89.93 85.65 28 Intermediate Education U arakhand Shiksha Evm 2123 1517 3640 1191 1153 2344 56.1 76.01 64.4 29 Pariksha Parishad West Bengal Council of 5150 2597 7747 2895 1710 4605 56.21 65.85 59.44 30 Higher Education, Kolkata

31 Board of Madarsa Education, 000000000 West Bengal, Kolka a Rabindra Mukta Vidyalaya (West Bengal State Open 242 238 480 17 28 45 7.02 11.76 9.38 32 School) Kolkata Total 261005 161028 422033 152994 102083 255077 58.62 63.39 60.44

Source: Abstract of Statistics of School Education 2007- 08

96 SECTION-3

Status of Health & Family Welfare among Scheduled Tribes

A: Infant and Child Mortality

Table 3.1: Early childhood mortality rates by background characteristics (Figures per 1000 live births)

Neonatal Post-neonatal Infant Child Under-ﬁ ve mortality Background Characteristic mortality (NN) mortality (PNN) mortality mortality URBAN

Scheduled caste 35 15.7 50.7 15.5 65.4 Scheduled tribe 29 14.8 43.8 10.4 53.8 Other backward class 26.4 15.8 42.2 12.9 54.5 Other 27.5 8.6 36.1 6.2 42.1 Total 28.5 13 41.5 10.6 51.7 RURAL

Scheduled caste 49.6 21.4 71 25.6 94.7 Scheduled tribe 40.9 23 63.9 38.3 99.8 Other backward class 42.1 19.1 61.1 18.7 78.7 Other 38.1 17.5 55.7 13.3 68.2 Total 42.5 19.7 62.2 21 82 TOTAL

Scheduled caste 46.3 20.1 66.4 23.2 88.1 Scheduled tribe 39.9 22.3 62.1 35.8 95.7 Other backward class 38.3 18.3 56.6 17.3 72.8 Other 34.5 14.5 48.9 10.8 59.2 Total 39 18 57 18.4 74.3

Source: NFHS-3 2005-06, M/o Health & Family Welfare, GOI

Table 3.2: Prenatal mortality for the ﬁ ve-year period preceding the NFHS-3 survey

Background characteristic Number of Number of early Perinatal Number of pregnancies of 7 or more Caste/tribe stillbirths1 neonatal deaths2 mortality rate3 months duration

Scheduled caste 247 409 55 11,940 Scheduled tribe 70 153 40.6 5,512 Other backward class 467 676 49.3 23,183 Other 309 438 45.3 16,485 Don’t know 3 3 30.8 223 Total 1,105 1,686 48.5 57,543 Note: Total includes cases with missing information on education, religion, and caste/tribe, which are not shown separately. 1 Stillbirths are foetal deaths in pregnancies lasting seven or more months. 2 Early neonatal deaths are deaths at age 0-6 days among live-born children. 3 The sum of the number of stillbirths and early neonatal deaths divided by the number of pregnancies of seven or more months’ duration Source: NFHS-3 2005-06, M/o Health & Family Welfare, GOI

97 Table 3.3: State-wise Estimates of Infant Mortality (2001) Scheduled Caste Scheduled Tribes S. No. State/ UT Total/ Rural/ Urban Males Females Persons Males Females Persons

Rural 65 71 68 79 89 84 1 Jammu & Kashmir Urban 49 62 55 61 70 66 Total 63 70 66 78 88 83

Rural 64 66 65 65 68 66 2 Himachal Pradesh Urban 54 57 55 57 52 54 Total 64 66 64 66 68 66

Rural 70 77 74 69 74 71 5U arakhand Urban 49 59 54 44 70 57 Total 66 75 71 68 73 71

Rural 79 93 86 97 104 101 8 Rajasthan Urban 60 75 67 65 76 71 Total 75 90 82 96 103 100

Rural 92 106 99 84 90 87 9U ar Pradesh Urban 64 82 73 68 82 75 Total 89 104 97 82 90 85

Rural 74 90 82 72 84 78 10 Bihar Urban 58 73 66 48 64 57 Total 73 89 81 71 84 77

Rural 67 64 65 61 68 64 11 Sikkim Urban 42 60 51 65 77 74 Total 64 64 64 61 69 65

Rural 51 82 68 110 112 111 12 Arunachal Pradesh Urban 70 54 61 68 66 66 Total 61 69 65 103 105 104

Rural - - - 66 85 76 13 Nagaland Urban - - - 44 65 55 Total - - - 62 82 72

Rural 84 81 82 56 70 63 14 Manipur Urban 41 57 50 59 73 66 Total 58 66 62 56 71 64

Rural - - - 65 71 68 15 Mizoram Urban - - - 41 48 44 Total - - - 54 61 57

Rural 68 72 71 68 73 70 16 Tripura Urban 60 62 61 46 41 43 Total 68 71 69 67 73 70

Rural 124 105 116 84 87 85 17 Meghalaya Urban 30 63 45 58 61 59 Total 88 91 90 80 84 82

Rural 76 78 76 58 66 61 18 Assam Urban 55 65 60 45 51 47 Total 73 77 74 57 65 61 Contd...

98 Table 3.3: State-wise Estimates of Infant Mortality (2001) Scheduled Caste Scheduled Tribes S. No. Total/ Rural/ State/ UT Urban Males Females Persons Males Females Persons

Rural 67 73 70 73 77 75 19 West Bengal Urban 61 69 65 58 73 66 Total 66 73 69 73 77 75

Rural 73 84 78 75 83 79 20 Jharkhand Urban 46 57 51 55 59 57 Total 68 79 74 74 81 77

Rural 90 92 91 94 92 93 21 Orissa Urban 74 75 74 73 77 75 Total 88 90 89 93 92 92

Rural 86 86 85 97 97 97 22 Chha isgarh Urban 67 75 71 66 72 69 Total 82 84 74 96 95 95

Rural 105 117 111 111 112 111 23 Madhya Pradesh Urban 73 82 77 81 87 84 Total 98 109 104 110 110 110

Rural 57 72 64 60 66 63 24 Gujarat Urban 42 56 49 49 56 52 Total 51 66 59 59 65 61

Rural 33 37 33 57 41 47 25 Daman & Diu Urban 42 37 32 74 41 59 Total 34 37 32 62 31 50

Rural 53 60 56 67 70 68 27 Maharashtra Urban 38 47 43 43 52 47 Total 47 55 51 64 68 66

Rural 59 62 60 67 73 70 28 Andhra Pradesh Urban 41 49 45 46 52 48 Total 56 60 58 66 71 68

Rural 63 68 65 66 70 68 29 Karnataka Urban 43 52 47 48 56 52 Total 58 64 61 64 84 66

Rural 47 45 46 11 37 20 30 Goa Urban 33 54 44 11 15 13 Total 39 50 44 11 19 13

Rural - - - 64 69 66 31 Lakshadweep Urban - - - 69 78 73 Total - - - 66 72 69

Rural 39 46 42 57 64 60 32 Kerala Urban 35 47 41 33 57 44 Total 39 46 42 57 63 60

Rural 60 66 63 55 68 61 33 Tamil Nadu Urban 55 63 59 62 63 62 Total 59 65 62 56 67 61 Contd...

99 Table 3.3: State-wise Estimates of Infant Mortality (2001)

Scheduled Caste Scheduled Tribes S. Total/ Rural/ No. State/ UT Urban Males Females Persons Males Females Persons

Rural 53 58 55 53 58 55 34 Puducherry Urban 44 51 48 44 51 48 Total 49 55 52 49 55 52

Rural - - - 104 88 95 Andaman & Nicobar 35 Urban - - - 99 37 69 Islands Total - - - 105 86 95

Rural 76 86 81 84 88 85 India Urban 55 66 60 58 64 61 Total 72 82 77 82 86 84

Note: States & UTs of Punjab, Chandigarh, Haryana, Delhi & Dadar & Nagar Haveli do not have ST population. Source: District Level Estimates of Child Mortality in India, Census of India, 2001

100 Table 3.4: State-wise Estimates of Under 5 Mortality (2001)

Scheduled Caste Scheduled Tribes S. No. Total/ Rural/ State/ UT Urban Males Females Persons Males Females Persons Rural 91 102 96 113 134 124 1 Jammu & Kashmir Urban 66 86 76 85 99 92 Total 87 99 93 113 132 122 Rural 89 93 91 91 95 93 2 Himachal Pradesh Urban 73 78 75 78 69 74 Total 89 93 90 92 95 93 Rural 98 112 105 97 107 102 5U arakhan Urban 66 81 73 58 100 79 Total 93 108 100 95 105 100 Rural 113 141 127 145 162 154 8 Rajasthan Urban 82 107 95 91 110 100 Total 107 135 121 143 160 151 Rural 135 166 150 121 135 128 9U ar Pradesh Urban 90 121 105 96 121 108 Total 130 160 145 118 135 126 Rural 106 135 120 102 125 113 10 Bihar Urban 80 105 92 65 90 78 Total 104 133 118 101 124 112 Rural 94 90 91 84 97 90 11 Sikkim Urban 55 83 69 91 111 107 Total 90 90 89 85 97 91 Rural 69 121 97 166 177 171 12 Arunachal Pradesh Urban 38 47 43 43 52 47 Total 47 55 51 64 68 66 Rural - - - 92 126 109 13 Nagaland Urban - - - 59 91 74 Total - - - 86 121 103 Rural 123 119 121 76 100 88 14 Manipur Urban 54 78 67 82 105 93 Total 80 93 87 76 101 89 Rural - - - 91 101 96 15 Mizoram Urban - - - 54 64 59 Total - - - 74 85 79 Rural 96 103 100 95 105 16 Tripura Urban 83 86 85 61 53 57 Total 95 101 97 94 104 99 Rural 192 163 180 121 130 126 17 Meghalaya Urban 39 87 60 79 84 81 Total 128 137 134 116 124 119 Rural 108 113 110 79 92 85 18 Assam Urban 75 91 83 60 68 63 Total 104 111 107 78 91 84 Rural 93 105 99 104 112 108 19 West Bengal Urban 85 97 91 80 105 92 Total 93 104 97 104 112 107 Rural 104 124 113 107 123 115 20 Jharkhand Urban 62 77 69 76 81 79 Total 96 116 106 105 119 112 Contd...

101 Table 3.4: State-wise Estimates of Under 5 Mortality (2001)

Scheduled Caste Scheduled Tribes S. No. Total/ Rural/ State/ UT Urban Males Females Persons Males Females Persons Rural 91 102 96 113 134 124 21 Orissa Urban 66 86 76 85 99 92 Total 87 99 93 113 132 122 Rural 126 128 126 144 148 145 22 Chha isgarh Urban 94 107 100 93 103 97 Total 119 124 106 142 144 143 Rural 158 187 173 168 177 172 23 Madhya Pradesh Urban 104 121 112 117 129 124 Total 147 172 158 165 174 169 Rural 78 103 89 83 92 87 24 Gujrat Urban 55 76 65 66 76 71 Total 69 93 81 82 91 85 Rural 42 46 41 78 53 62 25 Daman & Diu Urban 55 46 40 106 52 82 Total 43 46 40 86 40 67 Rural 72 82 77 94 100 97 27 Maharashtra Urban 49 62 56 57 69 63 Total 63 75 69 89 96 93 Rural 82 86 83 94 104 99 28 Andhra Pradesh Urban 54 65 60 61 69 64 Total 77 83 80 92 101 97 Rural 87 96 91 92 100 96 29 Karnataka Urban 57 69 62 65 76 71 Total 80 90 85 88 125 93 Rural 58 59 60 12 47 23 30 Goa Urban 39 74 56 12 18 15 Total 47 69 57 12 22 15 Rural - - - 90 97 93 31 Lakshadweep Urban - - - 97 113 105 Total - - - 93 103 98 Rural 48 62 54 78 90 83 32 Kerala Urban 43 63 52 42 73 57 Total 47 62 54 78 88 83 Rural 83 93 88 75 95 85 33 Tamil Nadu Urban 76 88 81 86 88 86 Total 81 91 86 77 94 85 Rural 72 79 76 72 79 76 34 Puducherry Urban 59 69 64 59 68 64 Total 66 75 70 66 75 70 Rural - - - 156 131 144 Andaman & 35 Urban - - - 147 46 97 Nicobar Islands Total - - - 158 127 142 Rural 108 128 118 121 131 126 India Urban 74 92 83 79 90 84 Total 101 122 111 118 128 123 Note: States & UTs of Punjab, Chandigarh, Haryana, Delhi & Dadar & Nagar Haveli do not have ST population. Source: District Level Estimates of Child Mortality in India, Census of India, 2001

102 B. Maternal Health

Table 3.5: Antenatal care provider: Percentage distribution of women who had a live birth in the ﬁ ve years preceding the survey by antenatal care (ANC) provider during pregnancy for the most recent live birth

Background Doctor ANM/ Other Dai/ Anganwadi/ Others No one Missing Total characteristic Nurse/ health TBA ICDS Midwife/ personnel worker LHV

Scheduled caste 42 28.1 0.7 1.5 1.8 0.1 25.9 0 100 Scheduled tribe 32.8 28.3 1 2.3 5.9 0.2 29.4 0.1 100 Other backward class 48.4 23.1 0.8 0.7 1.3 0.1 25.5 0.1 100 Other 63.6 17.7 1.6 1.1 0.7 0.1 15.2 0.1 100 Don’t know 62.4 22.1 4.3 0 0 0 11.1 0 100 Total 50.2 23 1 1.2 1.6 0.1 22.8 0.1 100 Note: If more than one source of ANC was mentioned, only the provider with the highest qualiﬁ cation is considered in this tabulation. Total includes women with missing information on education, religion, and caste/tribe, who are not shown separately. Source: NFHS-3 2005-06, M/o Health & Family Welfare, GOI

Table 3.6: Components of antenatal care - among women with a live birth in the past ﬁ ve years: Percentage who during the pregnancy for their last birth

Background Were given or Took IFA Received two Received one TT Took an Number of characteristic purchased IFA for 90 days or more TT injection during the intestinal women or more injections pregnancy and at parasite drug least one in the three years prior to the pregnancy

Caste/tribe Scheduled caste 63 17.4 73.6 1.5 2.7 7,946 Scheduled tribe 62 17.6 61.9 1.2 3.7 3,746 Other backward class 61.6 22.1 76.5 1.7 3.7 15,889 Other 72.2 30.1 82.3 1.3 4.6 11,789 Don’t know 74.4 24.5 78.3 0.6 5.3 158 Total 65.1 23.1 76.3 1.5 3.8 39,677 Note: Total includes women with missing information on education, religion, and caste/ tribe, who are not shown separately. TT = Tetanus Source: NFHS-3 2005-06, M/o Health & Family Welfare, GOI

103

Table 3.7: Antenatal care - services and information

Percentage Background Percentage receiving selected services during Percentage receiving information on ever told Characteristic Antenatal care speciﬁ c pregnancy complications where to go if experienced Weighed Blood Urine Blood Abdomen Vaginal Convulsions Prolonged pregnancy pressure sample sample examined bleeding labour complications measured taken taken

Caste/tribe

Scheduled 57.8 56.5 50.3 52.7 67 13.2 13.1 17.3 38.4 caste Scheduled 59.6 48.7 40.2 44.7 63.5 12.5 11.1 14.9 32.4 tribe Other backward 59.4 61.9 57.5 58.1 71.7 16.1 14.9 19.6 39.7 class Other 71.6 74.1 68.1 69 77.7 20.4 18.4 23.7 46.8 Don’t know 82.2 80.5 67.8 67 77.8 17.1 15.6 15.1 40.7 Total 63.2 63.8 58.1 59.5 72 16.6 15.4 20.1 41.1

Note: Total includes women with missing information on education, religion, and caste / tribe, who are not shown separately Source: NFHS-3 2005-06, M/o Health & Family Welfare, GOI

Table 3.8: Male involvement in antenatal care: Men’s reports

Percentage ever told Percentage for who the child’s Percentage who were told by a health what to do if mother received ANC and the provider or worker about speciﬁ c signs mother had Background father was: of pregnancy complications any pregnancy characteristic Present for Not Total Vaginal Convulsions Prolonged complication Number ANC present for bleeding labour of men any ANC

Caste/tribe

Scheduled caste 44.0 17.8 61.8 19.3 19.8 22.4 35.3 2,928 Scheduled tribe 39.0 17.7 56.6 17.3 17.9 22.8 34.4 1,402 Other backward class 47.9 16.1 64.0 20.8 21.8 23.9 36.3 5,482 Other 58.8 17.5 76.3 24.9 24.3 28.8 40.4 4,153 Don’t know (57.9) (23.5) (81.4) (36.7) (29.5) (43.9) (58.5) 21 Total 49.5 17.0 66.5 21.3 21.7 25.0 37.1 14,028 Note: Total includes men with missing information on education, religion, and caste/tribe, who are not shown separately. ( ) Based on 25-49 unweighted cases. Source: NFHS-3 2005-06, M/o Health & Family Welfare, GOI

104 Table 3.9: Place of delivery: Percentage distribution of live births in the ﬁ ve years preceding the survey by place of delivery, and percentage delivered in a health facility

Health facility/institution Home Other1 Total Percentage Background delivered Number characteristic Public NGO/ Private Own Parents’ Other in a health of births sector trust sector home home home facility Caste/tribe

Scheduled caste 19.4 0.2 13.4 56.8 9.6 0.4 0.3 100 32.9 11,693 Scheduled tribe 11.6 0.3 5.8 70.9 10.5 0.5 0.3 100 17.7 5,442 Other backward class 16.1 0.5 21.1 51.8 9.6 0.5 0.3 100 37.7 22,716 Other 21.8 0.6 28.7 40.5 7.9 0.4 0.2 100 51 16,176 Don’t know 26.2 0 17.2 28.1 26.3 1.1 1.1 100 43.4 220 Total 18 0.4 20.2 51.3 9.2 0.5 0.3 100 38.7 56,438 Note: Total includes births with missing information on mother’s education, religion, and caste/tribe, which are not shown separately. NGO= Nongovernmental organization 1 Includes missing.

Source: NFHS-3 2005-06, M/o Health & Family Welfare, GOI

Table 3.10 : Assistance during delivery: Percent distribution of live births in the ﬁ ve years preceding the survey by person providing assistance during, and percentage delivered by caesarean section

Person providing assistance during delivery

Background characteristic 1 Doctor ANM/ nurse / midwife/ LHV Other health personnel Dai (TBA) Friends/ relatives Other No one Don’t know / missing Total Percentage delivered by a skilled provider Percentage delivered by caesarean section Caste/tribe

Scheduled caste 29.4 10.4 0.9 37.7 20.7 0.1 0.6 0.1 100 40.6 6 Scheduled tribe 17.1 7 1.2 50.2 23 0 1.3 0.2 100 25.4 2.8 Other backward class 33.8 11.7 1.1 37.1 15.5 0.1 0.4 0.2 100 46.7 7.7 Other 47.4 9.3 1.1 30.4 11.3 0 0.3 0.1 100 57.8 13.2 Don’t know 34.9 11.5 7.9 26 18.7 0 0 1.1 100 54.2 7.8 Total 35.2 10.3 1.1 36.5 16.2 0.1 0.5 0.1 100 46.6 8.5 Note: If the respondent mentioned more than one person a ending during delivery, only the most qualiﬁ ed person is considered in this tabulation. Total includes births with missing information on mother’s education, religion, and caste/tribe, which are not shown separately. 1 Skilled provider includes doctor, ANM/nurse/midwife/LHV, and other health personnel. Source: NFHS-3 - 2005-06, M/o Health & Family Welfare, GOI

105 C. Child Health

Table 3.11: Vaccinations: Percentage of children age 12-23 months who received speciﬁ c vaccines at any time before the survey (according to a vaccination card or the mother’s report), and percentage with a vaccination card seen by the interviewer

DPT Polio1 background BCG 1 2 3 0 1 2 3

characteristic 2 Measles All basic vaccinations No vaccinations Percentage with a vaccination card seen Number of children Caste/tribe

Scheduled caste 75.4 74.2 64.6 51.9 46.8 92.2 88.6 76.3 56.7 39.7 5.4 34.8 2,141 Scheduled tribe 71.7 65.9 53.2 40.9 30.9 86.8 79.8 64.6 46.1 31.3 11.5 27.4 972 Other backward class 76.4 74.1 63.9 52.6 46.2 94.4 90.3 81.4 55.4 40.7 3.9 34.5 4,120 Other 84.1 82.6 75.8 65.4 57.6 94.0 89.7 79.6 68.8 53.8 4.3 46.0 3,108 Don’t know (92.7) (92.5) (85.0) (84.9) (85.0) (97.5) (97.4) (92.2) (67.8) (60.2) (2.5) (80.0) 47 Total 78.1 76.0 66.7 55.3 48.4 93.1 88.8 78.2 58.8 43.5 5.1 37.5 10,419 Note: Total includes Jain children and children with missing information on religion and caste/tribe, who are not shown separately. 1 Polio 0 is the polio vaccination given at birth. 2 BCG, measles and three doses each opf DPT and polio vaccine Source: NFHS-3 - 2005-06, M/o Health & Family Welfare, GOI

Table 3.12: Diarrhoea treatment : Among children under age ﬁ ve who had diarrhoea in the two weeks preceding the survey, percentage who received advice or treatment from a health provider, percentage who received oral rehydration therapy (ORT), and percentage who were given other treatments

Oral rehydration Other treatments therapy (ORT) uids uids Background characteristics Percentage of children with diarrhoea taken to health provide ORS packets Gruel Either ORS or gruel Increased ﬂ Antibiotic drugs Antimotility drugs Zinc supplements Other drug Unknown drug Intra venous solution Home remedy/ herbal/ other Missing No treatment Number of children Any ORT or increased Any ORT ﬂ Caste/tribe

Scheduled 60.7 24.4 14.9 32.8 10.1 37.7 13.4 1.1 0.5 3.6 33.8 0.3 6.2 0.1 29.3 942 caste Scheduled 54.3 28.5 21.4 42.8 10.2 46.3 12.9 0.1 0 2.1 25 0.9 9.1 0.2 30.5 440 tribe Other backward 57.5 23.3 21.2 38 9 41.4 15.1 1.4 0.2 4.1 31.5 0.4 6.4 0.4 25.9 2029 classes Other 64.9 30.6 21.9 42.1 12.3 48.3 18.6 2.3 0.6 4.3 28.5 0.7 9.4 0.5 22.3 1313 Total 59.8 26 20.2 38.5 10.2 43 15.5 1.5 0.3 3.9 30.4 0.5 7.5 0.3 26.1 4755 Note: ORT includes prepared from an oral rehydration salt (ORS) packet and gruel. Total includes jain children, children with missing information on type of diarrhoea, religion, and caste/tribe, and children whose caste/tribe is not known, who are not shown separately. Source: NFHS-3 - 2005-06, M/o Health & Family Welfare, GOI

106 Table 3.13: Knowledge of ORS packets: Percentage of women and percentage of women who had a live birth in the ﬁ ve years preceding the survey who know about ORS packets for treatment of diarrhoea All women Women who gave birth in the past ﬁ ve years Background Percentage who characteristics Number of Percentage who know know about ORS Number of women women about ORS packets packets Caste/tribe

Scheduled caste 71.4 23125 72.6 7946 Scheduled tribe 61.4 10119 64 3746 Other backward classes 70.8 48880 73.1 15889 Other 79.4 41207 80.2 11789 Don’t know 66.2 649 74.1 158 Total 73 124385 74.3 39677 Note: Total includes women with missing information on education, religion, and caste/ tribe, who are not shown separately. Source: NFHS-3 - 2005-06, M/o Health & Family Welfare, GOI

Table 3.14: Utilization of ICDS services: Any services and supplementary food : Percentage of children under age six years who are in an area covered by an anganwadi from an AWC in the 12 months preceding the survey and percent distribution of children under age six who are in an area covered centre (AWC) who received any service by an AWC by how oV en they received supplementary food from an AWC in the 12 months preceding the survey Background Percentage of Among children in an area covered by an AWC, frequency of Number of characteristics children age 0-71 receiving supplementary food2 children age months receiving 0-71 months any services from living in an

an AWC’ en area covered by an AWC Total a week missing a month Not at all Less oV Atleast once Don’t know/ At least once Almost daily Caste/tribe

Scheduled caste 36.1 69.6 14.4 7.2 5.5 3.1 0.2 100.0 10894 Scheduled tribe 49.9 56.1 15.6 9.9 13.2 4.9 0.3 100.0 4996 Other backward 30.3 77.6 9.9 5.4 4.7 2.1 0.3 100.0 21803 class Other 28.3 76.8 11.5 4 4 3.5 0.2 100.0 13766 Don’t know 48.8 51.8 22.3 6 18.4 1.1 0.5 100.0 239 Total 32.9 73.5 11.9 5.8 5.6 3 0.2 100.0 51887 Note: Total includes children with missing information on mother’s education, religion, and caste/tribe, who are not shown separately. ( ) Based on 25-49 unweighted cases. 1 AWC services for children include distribution of supplementary food, growth monitoring, immunization, health check-ups, and pre-school education. 2 Supplementary foods include both foods cooked and served at the AWC on a daily basis or given in the form of take home rations. Source: NFHS-3 - 2005-06, M/o Health & Family Welfare, GOI

107 Table 3.15: Utilization of ICDS services: Immunization and health check-ups. Percentage of children under age six years who are in an area covered by an anganwadi centre (AWC) who received any service from an AWC in the 12 months preceding the survey and percent distribution of children under age six who are in an area covered by an AWC by how oV en they received supplementary food from an AWC in the 12 months preceding the survey

Percentage of Number of children age Frequency of receiving health check-ups at an AWC children age Background 0-71 months 0-71 months At least characteristics receiving any Don’t know/ living in an Not at all once a Less oV en Total services from an missing area covered AWC’ month by an AWC Caste/tribe

Scheduled caste 21.4 80.1 13.3 4.5 2.1 100.0 10894 Scheduled tribe 33.1 68.2 21.4 7.8 2.6 100.0 4996 Other backward class 20.5 85.3 9.4 3.5 1.7 100.0 21803 Other 13.3 84.2 9.6 4.1 2 100.0 13766 Don’t know 19.1 66.1 22.3 5 6.6 100.0 239 Total 20 82.2 11.5 4.3 2 100.0 51887 Note: Total includes children with missing information on mother’s education, religion, and caste/tribe, who are not shown separately. ( ) Based on 25-49 unweighted cases.

Source: NFHS-3 - 2005-06, M/o Health & Family Welfare, GOI

Table 3.16: Utilization of ICDS services during pregnancy and while breastfeeding: Among children under age six years in areas covered by an anganwadi centre (AWC), percentage whose mothers received speciﬁ c services from an AWC during pregnancy and while breastfeeding

Background Mother received from an AWC during pregnancy Mother received from an AWC while breastfeeding2 characteristics 1 food food children children nutrition nutrition education education Number of Number of Health and Health and No services No services Supplementary Supplementary Health check-ups Health check-ups Caste/tribe

Scheduled caste 72.5 25.5 14 13.5 10894 78.5 20.8 10 10.5 10893 Scheduled tribe 59.8 36.9 25.7 19.5 4996 66.3 32.3 17.8 15.1 4986 Other backward classes 79.3 18.8 11.6 10.3 21803 84.5 14.6 7.9 7.7 21793 Other 85 13.1 7.2 6.7 13766 88.8 10.3 4.7 4.9 13741 Don’t know 63.5 34.6 16.5 20.2 239 77.9 21.1 11.3 14.4 237 Total 77.5 20.5 12.3 10.9 51887 82.6 16.5 8.5 8.3 51838 Note: Total includes children with missing information on mother’s education, religion, and caste/ tribe, who are not shown separately. ( ) Based on (25-49) unweighted cases. 1 Supplementary food includes both foods cooked and served at the AWC on a daily basis or given in the form of take home rations. 2 Services are usually provided to breastfeeding mothers during the ﬁ rst six months of breastfeeding. Source: NFHS-3 - 2005-06, M/o Health & Family Welfare, GOI

108 D. Morbidity and Health Care

Table 3.17: Knowledge and a itude toward tuberculosis: Women: Percentage of women age 15-49 who have heard of tuberculosis (TB), and among women who have heard of TB, percentage with speciﬁ c knowledge and beliefs

Among women who have heard of TB, percentage who:

Percentage Background Number who have characteristic of women heard of TB Report that TB is spread through the air by coughing or sneezing Have misconceptions about transmission of TB Believe that TB can be cured want a Would family member’s TB kept secret from the neighbours Number of women who have heard of TB Caste/tribe

Scheduled caste 84.9 23125 44.7 50.5 76.4 17.9 19636 Scheduled tribe 68.7 10119 40.2 45.1 71.4 13.7 6954 Other backward class 84.6 48880 49.4 51.1 76.9 18.9 41367 Other 90.7 41207 55.9 53.3 83.2 14.2 37391 Don’t know 68.3 649 37.0 49.3 67.3 18.3 443 Total 85.3 124385 50.1 51.3 78.6 16.7 106101 Note: Total includes women and men with missing information on education, religion, and caste/tribe, who are not shown separately. Source: NFHS-3 - 2005-06, M/o Health & Family Welfare, GOI

Table 3.18: Knowledge and a itude toward tuberculosis: Men: Percentage of women age 15-49 who have heard of tuberculosis (TB), and among men who have heard of TB, percentage with speciﬁ c knowledge and beliefs

Among men who have heard of TB, percentage who:

Report Would want that TB Percentage Have Believe a family Number is spread Number of Background who have misconceptions that TB member’s TB of men through men who have characteristic heard of TB about transmission can be kept secret the air by heard of TB of TB cured from the coughing neighbours or sneezing

Caste/tribe

Scheduled caste 91.6 13188 51.3 51.7 85.1 17.9 12084 Scheduled tribe 83.0 5725 44.3 50.5 76.9 17.0 4749 Other backward class 91.7 27219 56.4 52.6 85.8 19.7 24952 Other 94.4 23214 58.3 50.4 88.0 12.2 21915 Don’t know 68.5 177 51.0 50.0 72.5 23.0 121 Total 91.8 69751 55.1 51.5 85.7 16.6 64024 Note: Total includes men and men with missing information on education, religion, and caste/tribe, who are not shown separately. Source: NFHS-3 - 2005-06, M/o Health & Family Welfare, GOI

109 Table 3.19: Health problems: Women and men age 15-49 per 100,000 who reported that they have diabetes, asthma, goitre or any other thyroid disorders (2005-06)

Number of women per 100,000 Number of men per 100,000 Background characteristic Diabetes Asthma Goitre Number of Diabetes Asthma Goitre Number of or other women or other men thyroid thyroid disorder disorder Caste/tribe

Scheduled caste 798 1494 754 23125 991 1688 348 13188 Scheduled tribe 349 1749 753 10119 477 1973 567 5725 Other backward class 774 1498 819 48880 955 1276 328 27219 Other 1189 2035 1240 41207 1336 1919 424 23214 Don’t know 950 1219 1675 649 1307 3551 871 177 Total 881 1696 949 124385 1051 1627 383 69751 Note: Total includes women/ men with missing information on education, religion, and caste/tribe, who are not shown separately. Source: NFHS-3 - 2005-06, M/o Health & Family Welfare, GOI

Table 3.20: Use of tobacco by SC, ST, Others, All: Percentage of women and men age 15-49 who use any kind of tobacco and percentage who smoke cigare es or bidis, and among those who smoke cigare es or bidis, percentage who smoked at least one cigare e or bidi in the 24 hours preceding the survey by background characteristics, India, 2005-06

Women Men Background characteristic es or bidis es or bidis es/ bidis es/ es/ bidis es/ hours hours e/bidi in the past 24 e/ bidi in the past 24 cigare cigare Number of men Number of women cigare % who smoked at least one % who smoked at least one cigare Number of men who smoke % who use any kind of tobacco % who use any kind of tobacco Number of women who smoke % who smoke cigare % who smoke cigare Caste/tribe

Scheduled caste 13.7 2.3 23125 95.9 528 63.8 38.9 13188 92.8 5134 Scheduled tribe 26.3 2.1 10119 95.2 214 71.2 36.7 5725 89.4 2102 Other backward class 8.2 1.2 48880 95.9 611 54.5 31.3 27219 89.9 8506 Other 8.4 0.8 41207 93.9 341 52.4 29.8 23214 90.4 6922 Don’t know 9.6 0.5 649 * 3 51.8 37.4 177 98.8 66 Total 10.8 1.4 124385 95.3 1707 57.0 32.7 69751 90.7 22800 Note: Total includes women and men with missing information on education, religion, and caste/tribe, who are not shown separately. * Percentage not shown; based on fewer than 25 unweighted cases. Source: NFHS-3 - 2005-06, M/o Health & Family Welfare, GOI

110 Table 3.21: Use of alcohol: Women: Percentage of women age 15-49 who drink alcohol and percent distribution of alcohol drinkers by frequency of drinking

Percentage Among women who drink alcohol, frequency of drinking Background of women Number of Almost About Less than Number of characteristic who drink women Missing Total alcohol every day every day once a week women Caste/tribe

Scheduled caste 1.9 23125 12.2 40.1 46.5 1.1 100.0 450 Scheduled tribe 14.1 10119 17.7 43.1 38.5 0.6 100.0 1430 Other backward class 1.2 48880 14.4 35.2 49.0 1.4 100.0 577 Other 0.5 41207 6.3 32.1 58.0 3.6 100.0 220 Don’t know 2.0 649 * * * * 100.0 13 Total 2.2 124385 15.1 40.4 43.4 1.1 100.0 2733 Note: Total includes women with missing information on education, religion, and caste/tribe, who are not shown separately. * Percentage not shown; based on fewer than 25 unweighted cases Source: NFHS-3 - 2005-06, M/o Health & Family Welfare, GOI

Table 3.22: Use of alcohol: Men: Percentage of men age 15-49 who drink alcohol and percent distribution of alcohol drinkers by frequency of drinking

Percentage Among men who drink alcohol, frequency of drinking Background of men Number Almost About Less than Number of characteristic who drink of men Missing Total alcohol every day every day once a week men Caste/tribe

Scheduled caste 41.8 13188 9.0 26.9 63.9 0.2 100.0 5510 Scheduled tribe 49.9 5725 15.3 38.2 46.4 0.1 100.0 2859 Other backward class 29.8 27219 9.1 24.1 66.5 0.4 100.0 8124 Other 24.1 23214 7.2 23.7 68.9 0.2 100.0 5605 Don’t know 29.4 177 18.8 51.4 29.8 0.0 100.0 52 Total 31.9 69751 9.4 26.7 63.7 0.2 100.0 22251 Note: Total includes men with missing information on education, religion, and caste/tribe, who are not shown separately. Source: NFHS-3 - 2005-06, M/o Health & Family Welfare, GOI

111 Table 3.23: Health insurance coverage: Percentage of households in which at least one usual member is covered by a health scheme or health insurance, and percentage of households in which at least one usual member is covered by a health scheme or health insurance, by type of health insurance coverage, according to background characteristics, India, 2005-06

Type of coverage among households in which at least one usual member is covered by a health scheme/health insurance Background characteristic 1 % of households covered by a health scheme or health insurance Number of households Employee State insurance scheme (ESIS) Central Government Health Scheme (CGHS) Community health insurance programme Other health insurance through employer Medical reimbursement from employer Other privately purchased commercial health insurance Other Missing Number of households Caste/tribe

Scheduled caste 3.3 20,982 38.5 23.3 4.7 4.6 12.7 15.5 3.3 1.3 703 Scheduled tribe 2.6 9,189 23.1 25.9 4.7 6.5 12.2 23.5 3.6 1 242 Other backward 3.8 43,216 27.8 17.1 8.3 7 8.9 25.8 5.7 1.8 1,638 class Other 7.8 34,821 22.3 20.9 3.5 5.7 13.1 31.9 3.7 1.5 2,702 Don’t know 10.9 492 (14.9) (6.5) (21.9) (2.2) (0) (32.9) (21.7) (0) 54 Total 31.9 69751 9.4 26.7 63.7 0.2 100.0 22251 29.4 29.4 29.4 Notes: Total includes households with missing information on education, religion, and caste/tribe, who are not shown separately. 1 At least one usual household member is covered by a health scheme or health insurance. ( ) Based on 25-49 unweighted cases. Source: NFHS-3 - 2005-06, M/o Health & Family Welfare, GOI

Table 3.24: Recent visits to a health facility: Women: Percentage of women age 15-49 who visited a health facility or camp in the three months preceding the survey and, among women who visited a health facility or camp, median waiting time and quality or care indicators for the last visit

Type of coverage among households in which at least one usual member is covered by a health scheme/health insurance Background Percentage Number Median Percentage Percentage Number Percentage Number characteristic who visited of waiting who said who said of who said of women a health women time for health the facility women health for whom facility or service 2 worker was was very worker privacy camp 1 responsive to clean respected was their problems their need needed and needs for privacy 3

Caste/tribe

Scheduled caste 36.7 23125 20.7 95.3 61.4 8466 85.2 5527 Scheduled tribe 27.0 10119 20.9 94.2 51.6 2730 85.0 1943 Other backward class 35.3 48880 25.4 95.7 66.2 17209 86.6 11826 Other 39.2 41207 20.3 97.2 67.0 16125 89.4 10816 Don’t know 35.2 649 30.7 96.4 59.6 229 85.5 124 Total 36.2 124385 20.7 96.1 64.6 44884 87.2 30324 Note: Total includes women with missing information on education, religion, and caste/tribe, who are not shown separately. 1 for any reason for herself or her children 2 Median waiting time before service was received. Excludes women who did not receive the service they went for. 3 Excludes women who said that privacy was not needed. Source: NFHS-3 - 2005-06, M/o Health & Family Welfare, GOI

112 Table 3.25: Recent visits to a health facility: Men: (Percentage of men age 15-49 who visited a health facility or camp in the three months preceding the survey and, among women who visited a health facility or camp, median waiting time and quality or care indicators for the last visit)

Type of coverage among households in which at least one usual member is covered by a health scheme/health insurance Background Percentage Number Median Percentage Percentage Number Percentage Number characteristic who visited of men waiting who said who said of men who said of women a health time for health the facility health for whom facility or service 2 worker was very worker privacy was camp 1 was clean respected needed responsive their need to their for privacy 3 problems and needs Caste/tribe

Scheduled caste 30.6 13188 20.6 94.3 58.2 4018 86.1 2347 Scheduled tribe 25.2 5725 20.9 93.8 50.8 1438 82.8 829 Other backward 30.4 27219 20.9 95.1 62.2 8243 86.5 4948 class Other 30.4 23214 20.2 94.8 62.7 7031 86.3 4304 Don’t know 43.9 177 30.5 99.0 59.3 78 80.3 55 Total 30.0 69751 20.6 94.8 60.8 20851 86.1 12505 Note: Total includes men with missing information on education, religion, and caste/tribe, who are not shown separately. 1 for any reason for herself or her children 2 Median waiting time before service was received. Excludes women who did not receive the service they went for. 3 Excludes women who said that privacy was not needed. Source: NFHS-3 - 2005-06, M/o Health & Family Welfare, GOI

113 women Number of Mean problems number of are not shown separately. accessing health care problem in At least one c, problem are big problems for them drugs that no Concern available : NFHS-3 - 2005-06, M/o Health & Family Welfare, GOI Welfare, Health & Family : NFHS-3 - 2005-06, M/o Source that no Concern provider available female that no Concern provider available Not to go alone wanting to take Having transport facility Distance to health Type of problem in accessing medical advice or treatmentType ing Ge in accessing medical advice or treatment for themselves when they are sick treatment money for ing Ge to go for treatment permission Table 3.26: Problems in accessing health care: Percentage of women who reported that speciﬁ Table Background characteristics Caste/tribe Scheduled casteScheduled tribe Other backward class 7.0Other 9.5 knowDon’t 20.4Total 31.2 with missing information on education, religion, caste/ tribe, and employment (past 12 months), who includes women Note: Total 27.3 6.9 8.6 44.0 5.5 25.3 16.4 42 6.7 22.6 12.9 12.8 26.0 30.5 20.1 18.5 17.3 19.7 23.6 24.7 28.4 15.9 25.2 23.9 12.2 16.1 35.2 22.9 8.4 24.2 19.7 26.9 35.8 11.7 14.3 50.4 23.2 33.9 18.7 67.0 18.2 22.8 35.6 1.6 22.7 18.7 2.5 47.4 58.6 22.9 23125 38.2 10119 46.6 1.5 2.0 1.1 1.5 48880 649 41207 124385

114 E. Fertility

Table 3.27: Median age at ﬁ rst marriage: Women: Median age at ﬁ rst marriage among women age 20-49, by current age Age Background Women age Women age characteristics 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 20-49 25-49

Caste/tribe

Scheduled caste 17.5 16.5 16.0 15.8 15.6 15.5 16.3 15.9 Scheduled tribe 17.3 16.7 16.1 16.4 16.1 16.1 16.5 16.3 Other backward class 17.8 16.8 16.5 16.0 16.1 16.0 16.7 16.3 Other 19.7 18.7 18.1 17.9 17.7 17.5 18.4 18.1 Don’t know 19.0 16.3 17.7 16.8 16.5 17.9 17.2 16.9 Total 18.3 17.4 16.8 16.6 16.5 16.5 17.2 16.8 Note: Total includes women with missing information on education, religion, and caste/tribe who are not shown separately. Source: NFHS-3 - 2005-06, M/o Health & Family Welfare, GOI

Table 3.28: Median age at ﬁ rst marriage: Men: Median age at ﬁ rst marriage among men age 25-54, by current age

Age Men Background characteristics age 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 25-49 Caste/tribe

Scheduled caste 22.5 21.4 21.2 20.7 21.2 21.1 22.5 Scheduled tribe 21.5 20.8 20.7 19.8 20.9 20.5 20.7 Other backward class 23.2 22.1 21.9 21.4 21.9 21.9 22.1 Other a 24.5 23.8 23.8 23.8 24.0 24.3 Don’t know (24.7) * (25.2) (25.4) * * a Total 23.7 22.7 22.3 22.0 22.4 22.5 22.6 Note: Total includes men with missing information on education, religion, and caste/tribe who are not shown separately. () Based on 25-49 unweighted cases * Percentage not shown, based on fewer than 25 unweighted cases. a = Omi ed because less than 50 percent of the men were married for the ﬁ rst time before reaching the beginning of the group Source: NFHS-3 - 2005-06, M/o Health & Family Welfare, GOI

115 F. Family Planning

Table 3.29: Need for family planning among currently married women: Percentage of currently married women age 15-49 with unmet need for family planning, percentage with met need for family planning, and total demand for family planning

Background Unmet need for family Met need for family Total demand for family characteristics planning1 planning (currently using)2 planning3 Percentage Number of demand of For For For For For For Total Total Total satisﬁ ed women spacing limiting spacing limiting spacing limiting

Caste/tribe

Scheduled caste 6.3 7.1 13.4 4.7 50.3 55 11 57.4 68.4 80.4 17372 Scheduled tribe 6.8 7.1 13.9 3.0 44.9 47.9 9.8 52.1 61.8 77.5 7632 Other 6.7 6.7 13.4 3.8 50.4 54.2 10.5 57.1 67.6 80.1 37198 backward class Other 5.2 6.1 11.3 6.6 55.2 61.8 11.8 61.3 73.0 84.5 30131 Don’t know 6.6 6.6 13.2 3.2 62.6 65.8 9.8 69.2 79.0 83.3 462 Total 6.2 6.6 12.8 4.8 51.5 56.3 11 58.1 69.1 81.5 93089 Note: Total includes women with missing information on education, religion, and caste/tribe, who are not shown separately. 1 Unmet need for spacing includes pregnant women whose pregnancy was mistimed; amenorrhoeic women who are not using family planning and whose last birth was mistimed, or whose last births was unwanted but now say they want more children; and fecund women who are neither pregnant nor amenorrhoeic, who are not using any method of family planning, and say they want to wait,two or more years for their next birth. Also included in unmet need for spacing are fecund women who are not using any method of family planning and say they are unsure whether they want another child or who want another child but are unsure when to have the birth. Unmet need for limiting refers to pregnant women whose pregnancy was unwanted; amenorrhoeic women who are not using family planning, whose last child was unwanted and who do not want any more children; and fecund women who are neither pregnant nor amenorrhoeic, who are not using any method of family planning, and who want no more children. Excluded from the unmet need category are pregnant and amenorrhoeic women who became pregnant while using a method (these women are in need of a be er method of contraception). 2 Using for spacing is defi ned as women who are using some method of family planning and say they want to have another child or are undecided whether to have another. Using for limiting is defi ned as women who are using and who want no more children. Note that the specifi c methods used are not taken into account here. 3 Nonusers who are pregnant or amenorrhoeic whose pregnancy was the result of a contraceptive failure are not included in the category of unmet need, but are included in total demand for contraception (since they would have been using had their method not failed). Source: NFHS-3 - 2005-06, M/o Health & Family Welfare, GOI

116 G. HIV - AIDS Knowledge: Knowledge, A itude & Behaviour

Table 3.30: Knowledge of AIDS: Women: Percentage of women age 15-49 who have heard of AIDS, and among women who have heard of AIDS, percentage who received information from speciﬁ c sources and trends in percentage who have heard of AIDS and who have received information among ever married women age 15-49, NFHS-3 and NFHS-2 Among women who have heard of AIDS, percentage who received information from: Background characteristic % who have heard of AIDS Number of women Radio Television Cinema Newspaper/ magazine Poster/ hoarding Health worker Friend/ relative School/ teacher Other sources Number of women who have heard of AIDS Caste/tribe

Scheduled caste 55.3 23,125 33.4 76.9 4.2 18.6 8.6 8.0 34.0 7.3 14.9 12,796 Scheduled tribe 38.6 10,119 35.4 61.9 2.8 17.7 8.6 9.0 37.7 8.0 15.3 3,901 Other backward 58.5 48,880 39.0 78.9 6.0 24.5 11.3 5.6 31.5 8.4 12.9 28,591 class Other 72.7 41,207 37.2 83.5 5.8 34.1 12.6 6.2 30.3 8.0 13.7 29,951 Don’t know 50.5 649 43.7 76.3 7.3 22.9 4.2 10.5 32.2 10.0 18.7 328 Total 60.9 124,385 37.2 79.5 5.4 26.9 11.2 6.4 31.8 8.0 13.7 75,766 Note: Total includes women with missing information on education, religion, and caste/tribe, who are not shown separately. Source: NFHS-3 - 2005-06, M/o Health & Family Welfare, GOI

Table 3.31: Knowledge of AIDS: Men : Percentage of men age 15-49 who have heard of AIDS, and among men who have heard of AIDS, percentage who received information from speciﬁ c sources

Among men who have heard of AIDS, % who received information Background from: characteristic % who have heard of AIDS Number of men Radio Television Cinema News- paper/ magazine Poster/ hoarding Health worker Friend/ relative School/ teacher Other sources Number of men who have heard of AIDS Caste/tribe

Scheduled caste 80.8 13,188 54.8 77.0 10.6 43.6 29.6 12.0 45.9 8.2 19.7 10,651 Scheduled tribe 63.9 5,725 54.2 64.8 8.4 37.4 23.6 13.3 46.7 8.5 19.3 3,656 Other backward class 84.1 27,219 56.9 79.3 13.7 52.4 31.6 11.6 43.5 9.3 19.3 22,878 Other 89.6 23,214 52.9 83.9 11.5 57.5 35.3 11.4 42.4 8.6 18.6 20,794 Don’t know 76.8 177 54.3 74.5 12.1 35.3 16.1 6.2 54.7 6.7 17.7 136 Total 82.9 74,369 54.6 79.4 11.9 51.6 32.0 11.8 43.4 8.4 19.4 61,656 Note: Total includes men with missing information on education, times slept away home in the past 12 months, time away in the past 12 months, religion, and caste/tribe, who are not shown separately. Source: NFHS-3 - 2005-06, M/o Health & Family Welfare, GOI

117 Table 3.32: Prevalence of HIV among couples: Percentage HIV positive among women and men age 15-49 who were tested

Women Men Total Percentage Percentage HIV Percentage HIV Number Number Number Background characteristic HIV Positive Positive Positive Caste/tribe

Scheduled caste 0.23 9982 0.34 8779 0.28 18760 Scheduled tribe 0.12 4231 0.39 3997 0.25 8228 Other backward class 0.24 21044 0.36 18227 0.3 39271 Other 0.18 17590 0.34 15230 0.25 32820 Don’t know 0.63 263 0 109 0.44 371 Total 0.22 53332 0.36 46506 0.28 99838 Note: Total excludes Nagaland. Total includes women and men with missing information on education, religion, and caste/tribe who are not shown separately. Source: NFHS-3 - 2005-06, M/o Health & Family Welfare, GOI

Table 3.33: Knowledge of prevention of HIV transmission from a mother to her baby: Percentage of women and men who know that HIV/AIDS can be transmi ed from a mother to her baby and that the risk of HIV transmission from an infected mother to her baby can be reduced by the mother taking special drugs

Women Men HIV/AIDS can HIV/AIDS can be Number HIV/AIDS HIV/AIDS can be Number be transmi ed transmi ed from a of women can be transmi ed from of men Background from a mother mother to her baby transmi ed a mother to her characteristic to her baby and the risk of from a baby and the risk transmission can be mother to her of transmission reduced by the mother baby can be reduced by taking special drugs the mother taking special drugs Caste/tribe

Scheduled caste 40.5 15.8 23,125 59.7 17.7 13,188 Scheduled tribe 27.6 10.5 10,119 44.5 12.7 5,725 Other backward class 45.0 18.5 48,880 63.8 22.3 27,219 Other 57.0 22.4 41,207 69.6 21.3 23,214 Don’t know 38.9 23.2 649 43.1 26.6 177 Total age 15-49 46.7 18.6 124,385 63.3 20.3 69,751 Total age 15-54 NA NA NA 62.9 20.3 74,369 Note: Total includes women with missing information on education, employment (past 12 months), religion, and caste/tribe and men with missing information on number of times slept away home in the past 12 months, time away in the past 12 months, religion, and caste/tribe, who are not shown separately. NA= Not applicable Source: NFHS-3 - 2005-06, M/o Health & Family Welfare, GOI

118 Table 3.34: Coverage of prior HIV testing: Percentage of women and men age 15-49 by whether they have been tested for HIV and by whether they received the results of the test

Women Men Background Ever Ever Never Total Number Ever Ever Never Total Number characteristic tested and tested, tested1 of tested tested, tested1 of men received did not Women and did not results receive received receive results results results Caste/tribe

Scheduled caste 2.2 0.2 97.6 100.00 23,125 2.4 0.4 97.2 100.00 13,188 Scheduled tribe 1.3 0.2 98.5 100.00 10,119 1.4 0.1 98.5 100.00 5,725 Other backward class 3.2 0.3 96.5 100.00 48,880 3.1 0.5 96.4 100.00 27,219 Other 3.5 0.1 96.3 100.00 41,207 4.4 0.7 95.0 100.00 23,214 Don’t know 2.6 0.0 97.4 100.00 649 3.3 0.0 96.7 100.00 177 Total age 15-49 3.0 0.2 96.8 100.00 124,385 3.3 0.5 96.3 100.00 69,751 Total age 15-54 NA NA NA 100.00 NA 3.2 0.5 96.3 100.00 74,369 Note: Total includes women with missing information on education, employment (past 12 months), religion, and caste/tribe and men with missing information on number of times slept away home in the past 12 months, time away in the past 12 months, religion, and caste/tribe, who are not shown separately. NA= Not Applicable 1 Includes don’t know/missing Source: NFHS-3 - 2005-06, M/o Health & Family Welfare, GOI

119 of women Number 3 AIDS knowledge about HIV/ % who have a comprehensive 2 ne uninfected faithful partner can ninfected faithful partner can reduce the re not shown separately. % who say reject the two most common can have HIV/ that a healthy- AIDS and who looking person misconceptions Source: NFHS-3 - 2005-06, M/o Health & Family Welfare, GOI NFHS-3 - 2005-06, M/o Health & Family Welfare, Source: HIV/ AIDS person % who looking healthy- can have say that a 1 AIDS all three and know how misconceptions to prevent HIV/ ed ed methods by any of cannot be HIV/AIDS transmi the speciﬁ ed by mosquito bites and sharing food. A person infected by sharing food with a person who has AIDS cannot become ed has AIDS cannot be HIV/AIDS transmi by hugging someone who Percentage of women who say that % who reject ed by ed can have HIV/AIDS, and percentage who a comprehensive knowledge about HIV/AIDS ing HIV/AIDS. ing cannot be HIV/AIDS transmi mosquito bites most common misconceptions in NFHS-3. HIV/AIDS, and reject the two ing HIV/AIDS, say that a healthy-looking person can have Table 3.35: Comprehensive knowledge about HIV/AIDS: Women: Percentage of women age 15-49 who, in response to prompted 3.35: Comprehensive knowledge about HIV/AIDS: Women: Table questions, correctly reject misconceptions about HIV/AIDS transmission or prevention and who say that a healthy-looking person Respondents who know how to prevent HIV/AIDS say that the use of a condom for every act of sexual intercourse and having just o HIV/AIDS say that the use of a condom for every Respondents who know how to prevent most common misconceptions in NFHS-3: HIV/AIDS can be transmi Two act of sexual intercourse and having just one u knowledge say that the use of a condom for every Respondents with comprehensive reduce the chance of ge Background Characteristic 1 2 3 chance of ge Scheduled casteScheduled tribe Other backward class 31.2Other 21.3 knowDon’t Total 36.8 with missing information on education, employment (past 12 months), religion, and caste/tribe, who a includes women Note: Total 24.4 35.6 23.2 49.1 35.6 23.0 38.0 40.1 29.1 55.6 24.8 16.3 43.3 39.0 28.4 53.9 16.0 41.9 28.7 16.5 9.9 41.4 31.1 22.5 31.1 18.7 17.6 9.2 30.5 11.9 34.6 24.9 48.9 21.3 12.7 37.6 20.8 8.1 11.7 23,125 32.9 10,119 23.4 14.7 25.4 7.3 48,880 41,207 17.3 649 124,385

120 Number of women 3 AIDS knowledge about HIV/ % who have a comprehensive 2 ne uninfected faithful partner can ninfected faithful partner can reduce the he past 12 months, employment (past % who say reject the two most common can have HIV/ that a healthy- AIDS and who looking person misconceptions AIDS % who looking healthy- say that a have HIV/ person can Source: NFHS-3 - 2005-06, M/o Health & Family Welfare, GOI Welfare, Health & Family NFHS-3 - 2005-06, M/o Source: 1 AIDS all three and know how misconceptions to prevent HIV/ ed ed ed by mosquito bites and sharing food.. methods by any of cannot be HIV/AIDS transmi the speciﬁ A person infected by sharing food with a person who has AIDS cannot become ed AIDS who has someone cannot be HIV/AIDS transmi by hugging Percentage of women who say that % who reject HIV/AIDS, and percentage who have a comprehensive knowledge about HIV/AIDS ed bites ing HIV/AIDS.. ing cannot be HIV/AIDS transmi by mosquito most common misconceptions in NFHS-3. HIV/AIDS, and reject the two ing HIV/AIDS, say that a healthy-looking person can have correctly reject misconceptions about HIV/AIDS transmission or prevention and who say that a healthy-looking person can have Table 3.36: Comprehensive knowledge about HIV/AIDS: Men: Percentage of men age 15-49 who, in response to prompted questions, Table Respondents who know how to prevent HIV/AIDS say that the use of a condom for every act of sexual intercourse and having just o HIV/AIDS say that the use of a condom for every Respondents who know how to prevent most common misconceptions in NFHS-3: HIV/AIDS can be transmi Two act of sexual intercourse and having just one u knowledge say that the use of a condom for every Respondents with comprehensive reduce the chance of ge Background characteristic 1 2 3 chance of ge Scheduled casteScheduled tribe Other backward class 47.1Other 36.7 knowDon’t Total 59.0 in t from home in the past 12 monts, time away includes men with missing information on education, times slept away Note: Total 44.8months), religion, and caste/tribe, who are not shown separately.. 54.1 35.2 55.8 59.1 41.3 52.2 64.5 47.3 72.0 38.7 29.4 63.4 61.4 46.3 69.3 32.7 60.5 23.6 45.6 26.8 51.5 56.4 42.9 44.2 39.5 22.9 45.0 31.0 23.6 38.1 60.9 44.5 69.2 27.2 60.8 19.9 37.6 20.7 13,188 44.1 5,725 36.8 33.2 17.3 39.4 27,219 32.5 23,214 177 74,369

121

h Number of men Number of women >30.0 >30.0 (obese) (obese) 2 25.0-29.9 25.0-29.9 (overweight) (overweight) in kg/m 1 Source: NFHS-3 - 2005-06, M/o Health & Family Welfare, GOI NFHS-3 - 2005-06, M/o Health & Family Welfare, Source: Source: NFHS-3 - 2005-06, M/o Health & Family Welfare, GOI NFHS-3 - 2005-06, M/o Health & Family Welfare, Source: 2 >25.0 >25.0 or obese) (overweight or obese (overweight in kg/m

<17.0 (moderately/ severely thin) c BMI levels Thin Overweight/obese severely thin) c BMI levels thin) <17.0 (moderately/ Body Mass Index (BMI) (mildly 17.0-18.4 speciﬁ Thin Overweight/obese with speciﬁ thin) <18.5 (total thin) (mildly 17.0-18.4 18.5-24.9 (normal) thin) <18.5 (total BMI Mean 18.5-24.9 (normal) Number of women Height Body Mass Index (BMI) 20.2 57 34.6 20.6 14 8.4 7.4 1.1 25805 BMI Mean 15.0 2226411.4 19.9 46968 50 20.4 41.1 52.6 22.6 35.7 20.0 18.5 15.7 8.9 11.6 7.3 9.1 1.6 2.5 20728 43916 145 cm % below H: Nutritional status of ST Women, Men and Children H: Nutritional status of ST Women, Table 3.38: Nutritional status of men: Percentage men age 15-49 below 145 cm, mean body mass index (BMI), and percentage wit Table

Table 3.37: Nutritional status of women: Percentage women age 15-49 below 145 cm, mean body mass index (BMI), and percentage Table Excludes pregnant women and women with a birth in the preceding 2 months. and women Excludes pregnant women Scheduled tribe Other backward class 12.7Other knowDon’t 9810Total with missing information on education, religion, and caste/ tribe, who are not shown separately includes women Note : Total 19.1 10.1 8.9 49.9 613 11.4 39177 46.6 119219 20.1 25.3 21.3 51.1 52.3 20.5 51.8 39.1 21.2 29.4 21.4 35.6 16.3 3.5 19.7 17.7 13.1 3.0 15.8 18.3 9.7 0.5 12.6 13.8 7.7 9.8 9067 4.5 2.0 2.8 37131 583 111781 Caste/Tribe Scheduled caste Background characteristics 1 Background characteristics Caste/Tribe Scheduled casteScheduled tribe Other backward 19.7class 19.3Other knowDon’t 54.7Total 55.3 with missing information on education, religion, and caste/ tribe, who are not shown separately includes women Note : Total 19.9 39.1 20.9 41.3 47.5 20.2 23 57.5 26.1 56.5 44 28.9 16.1 15.2 34.2 27.8 17.1 20.4 6.3 3.3 16.2 11.8 5.6 13.8 3 13.5 8.5 0.7 0.3 9.3 11.5 7.5 12531 2.1 8 5500 1 1.3 21533 164 70130

122 Table 3.39: Prevalence of anaemia in women: Percentage of women age 15-49 with anaemia, and percentage of ever-married women age 15-49 with anaemia

Anaemia status by haemoglobin level Any anaemia Number of Background characteristics (<12.0 g/dl)2 women Mild Moderate Severe (<7.0 g/dl) (10.0 - 11.9g/dl)1 (7.0-9.9 g/dl) Caste/Tribe

Scheduled caste 39.3 16.8 2.2 58.3 21921 Scheduled tribe 44.8 21.3 2.4 68.5 9568 Other backward class 38.2 14.5 1.7 54.4 46182 Other 37 12.9 1.4 51.3 38216 Don’t know 34.5 19.7 1.7 55.9 589 Total 38.6 15 1.8 55.3 116855

Note : Table is based on women who stayed in the household the night before the interview. Prevalence is adjusted for altitude and for smoking status, if known, using formulae in CDC (1998). Totals include women with missing information on education, religion, caste/ tribe, and smoking status, who are not shown separately, Haemoglobin in g/dl = grams per decilitre. NFHS-3 estimates of anaemia exclude Nagaland. 1 For pregnant women, the value is 10.0 -10.9 g/dl. 2 For pregnant women, the value is <11.0 g/dl. Source: NFHS-3 - 2005-06, M/o Health & Family Welfare, GOI

Table 3.40: Prevalence of anaemia in men: Percentage of men age 15-49 with anaemia

Anaemia status by haemoglobin level Any anaemia Number of Mild Moderate (9.0- (<13.0 g/dl) men Background characteristics (12.0-12.9g/dl) 11.9 g/dl) Severe (<9.0 g/dl) Caste/Tribe

Scheduled caste 14 11 1.6 26.6 12387 Scheduled tribe 20.4 18.1 1.1 39.6 5378 Other backward class 12 9 1.3 22.3 25507 Other 11.7 8.1 1.1 20.9 21103 Don’t know 10.7 10.7 3.4 24.8 157 Total 13 9.9 1.3 24.2 64736

Note: Table is based on men who stayed in the household the night before the interview. Prevalence adjusted for altitude and for smoking status, if known, using formulae in CDC (1998). Total include women with missing information on education, religion, caste/ tribe, and smoking status, who are not shown separately, Haemoglobin in g/dl = grams per decilitre. Table excludes Nagaland. Source: NFHS-3 - 2005-06, M/o Health & Family Welfare, GOI

123

nd of children Number papaya, papaya, 4 with salt tested salt using iodized months in households % living in adequately households of children Number ement is based on the vaccination card ement is based on the vaccination 3 children whose mothers were not children whose mothers were d caste/tribe, who are not shown separately. in last 6 % given months medication de-worming Source: NFHS-3 - 2005-06, M/o Health & Family Welfare, GOI NFHS-3 - 2005-06, M/o Health & Family Welfare, Source: % given iron supplements in last 7 days Children age 6-59 months Children age 6-59 months in last 6 % given vitamin A supplements of children Number months Children age 12-35 months in last 6 % given supplements of and who live in households using adequately iodized salt children Number hours in iron % who in last 24 foods rich sh, poultry, eggs, pumpkin, carrots, sweet potatoes that are yellow or orange inside, dark green leafy vegetables, ripe mango, or orange inside, dark green leafy vegetables, potatoes that are yellow eggs, pumpkin, carrots, sweet sh, poultry, consumed sh, poultry, or eggs. sh, poultry, living with their mother hours % who foods rich consumed in vitamin A in last 24 Youngest children age 6-35 months Youngest Table 3.41: Micronutrient intake among children: Percentage of youngest children age 6-35 months living with the mother who Table consumed vitamin A-rich and iron-rich foods in the day or night preceding the survey, percentage of children age 12-35 months a consumed vitamin A-rich and iron-rich foods in the day or night preceding survey, De-worming for intestinal parasites. De-worming Includes meat and organ meats, ﬁ includes meat and organ meats, ﬁ not tested. Includes Salt containing 15 parts per million or more of iodine. Excludes children in households which salt was 6-59 months who were given vitamin A supplements in the six months preceding the survey, percentage of children age 6-59 months 6-59 months who were given vitamin A supplements in the six preceding survey, who were given iron supplements in the past seven days, de-worming medication six months preceding survey, 1 2 3 4 Caste/Tribe Scheduled casteScheduled tribe Other backward 46class 43.8Other knowDon’t 14Total 13.3 suppl A recall. Information on vitamin medication is based on the mother’s Note: Information on iron supplements and de-worming 4621 45.8 2144 50.9 50.5 24.4 11.3 21 29.1 47.1 19.7 9047 4232 83 6750 1910 14.6 22.8 22723 18 29.1 25.3 14.6 8350 24.8 6167 76 3.3 4.3 20802 17 20.7 19.2 18.1 9.3 7.3 4.7 5.6 10.0 9761 4503 4.7 11 16.4 42.9 24.9 36.7 11.9 13900 19231 9612 4471 186 47742 43.2 60 48.4 47.5 19084 13785 181 47291 and mother’s recall. Total includes children with missing information on breastfeeding status, mother’s education, religion, an includes children with missing information on breastfeeding status, mother’s recall. Total and mother’s na = Not applicable

Background characteristics cantaloupe, and jackfruit. interviewed. interviewed.

124 Table 3.42: Women’s food consumption: Percentage of women age 15 - 49 consuming speciﬁ c foods at least once a week Type of food Background Milk Pulses or Dark Fruits Eggs Fish Chicken Fish or Number characteristics or curd beans green, leafy or meat chicken/ meat of vegetables women Caste/Tribe

Scheduled caste 45.3 88.2 92.6 32 34.7 30.2 22.1 37.2 23125 Scheduled tribe 33.5 83.3 89.2 27.4 30.9 26 22 32.5 10119 Other backward class 60.6 89.5 93.7 39 29.7 22 22.5 30.4 48880 Other 60.4 91.8 93.1 48.4 34.1 34.7 23.1 40.6 41207 Don’t know 63.3 92.1 92.9 48.6 45.5 39.5 32.2 52.8 649 Total 55.4 89.5 92.9 39.8 32.3 28.2 22.7 35.4 124385

Note: Total includes women with missing information on education, religion, and caste/tribe, who are not shown separately. Source: NFHS-3 - 2005-06, M/o Health & Family Welfare, GOI

Table 3.43: Men’s food consumption: Percentage of men age 15-49 consuming speciﬁ c foods at least once a week Type of food Background Milk or Pulses or Dark Fruits Eggs Fish Chicken or Fish or Number of characteristics curd beans green, leafy meat chicken/ men vegetables meat Caste/Tribe

Scheduled caste 60 89.4 92.9 39.3 43.2 33.3 27.7 43.5 13188 Scheduled tribe 41.8 87.6 91 30.5 37.1 31.4 25.9 36.6 5725 Other backward class 73.6 90.3 93.7 49.3 39.7 25.9 27.4 35.6 27219 Other 70.1 92.8 94.5 54 43.1 36.2 30.1 45.9 23214 Don’t know 76.8 96.2 95.5 55.3 48.8 33.3 38.4 50.6 177 Total 67.2 90.7 93.6 47.4 40.9 31.3 28.3 40.9 69751

Note: Total includes men with missing information on education, religion, and caste/tribe, who are not shown separately. Source: NFHS-3 - 2005-06, M/o Health & Family Welfare, GOI

125 SECTION-4

Health Infrastructure in Tribal Areas

Table 4.1: Number of Sub- Centres, PHCs and CHCs in Tribal Areas (As on March, 2008)

S. State/UT Tribal Sub Centres PHCs CHCs No. Population in Rural Areas RPSRPSRPS 1 Andhra Pradesh 4646923 1548 1523 25 232 193 39 58 32 26 2 Arunachal Pradesh# 606278 202 592 ** 30 116 ** 7 44 ** 3 Assam 3154546 1051 841 210 157 133 24 39 34 5 4 Bihar 717702 239 23 216 35 6 29 8 0 8 5 Chha isgarh 6264835 2088 2934 ** 313 365 ** 78 76 2 6 Goa* 190 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 Gujarat 6866637 2288 2209 79 343 328 15 85 70 15 8 Haryana* 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 Himachal Pradesh 237060 79 103 ** 11 43 ** 2 9 ** 10 Jammu & Kashmir 1054488 351 196 155 52 49 3 13 6 7 11 Jharkhand 6500014 2166 NA NA 325 NA NA 81 NA NA 12 Karnataka 2934530 978 1661 ** 146 337 ** 36 47 ** 13 Kerala 350019 116 298 ** 17 85 ** 4 21 ** 14 Madhya Pradesh 11446448 3815 2917 898 572 349 223 143 85 58 15 Maharashtra 7486537 2495 2075 420 374 320 54 93 67 26 16 Manipur 705912 235 222 13 35 37 ** 8 5 3 17 Meghalaya# 1682670 560 401 159 84 103 ** 21 26 ** 18 Mizoram# 430883 143 366 ** 21 57 ** 5 9 ** 19 Nagaland# 1544022 514 397 117 77 86 ** 19 21 ** 20 Orissa 7698358 2566 2689 ** 384 423 ** 96 83 13 21 Punjab * 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 22 Rajasthan 6717830 2239 1221 1018 335 160 175 83 38 45 23 Sikkim 101909 33 49 ** 5 10 ** 1 1 0 24 Tamil Nadu 551143 183 50 133 27 25 2 6 3 3 25 Tripura 967997 322 280 42 48 36 12 12 5 7 26 U arakhand 240209 80 162 ** 12 26 ** 3 6 ** 27 U ar Pradesh 95828 31 1583 ** 4 NA NA 1 24 NA 28 West Bengal 4136366 1378 445 933 206 46 160 51 18 33 29 A & N Island 28456 9 31 ** 1 2 ** 0 1 ** 30 Chandigarh* 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 31 D &N Haveli # 127410 42 38 4 6 6 0 1 1 0 32 Daman & Diu 11188 3 5 ** 0 1 ** 0 0 0 33 Delhi * 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 34 Lakshadweep * 32209 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 Puducherry * 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 India 77338597 25754 23311 4422 3852 3342 736 954 732 251 R: Required; P: In Position; S: Shortfall; **: Surplus; *: State/UT has no separate Tribal Area/ Population; #: States are predominantly tribal areas Source: Rural Health Statistics Bulletin, March 2008, MoHFW 126 Table 4.2: Building Position For Sub Centres in Tribal Areas (As on March, 2008)

S. State/UT Total Sub Centers functioning in Buildings Buildings 1 No. Number of Govt. Rented Rent Free Under required Sub Centres Buildings Buildings Panchayat/ Construction to be functioning Vol. Society constructed Building 1 Andhra Pradesh 1523 520 1003 0 NA NA 2 Arunachal Pradesh# 592 348 0 244 0 244 3 Assam 841 332 452 57 78 431 4 Bihar 23 6 17 0 0 17 5 Chha isgarh 2934 658 0 1865 91 2185 6Goa* 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 Gujarat 2209 2013 0 196 62 134 8 Haryana* 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 Himachal Pradesh 103 81 10 12 5 17 10 Jammu & Kashmir 196 NA NA NA NA NA 11 Jharkhand NA NA NA NA NA NA 12 Karnataka 1661 463 0 1198 0 1198 13 Kerala 298 251 0 47 0 47 14 Madhya Pradesh 2917 1315 1602 0 142 1460 15 Maharashtra 2075 1611 152 312 162 302 16 Manipur 222 201 21 0 15 6 17 Meghalaya# 401 393 8 0 21 ** 18 Mizoram# 366 366 0 0 0 0 19 Nagaland# 397 260 0 137 0 137 20 Orissa 2689 1032 1657 0 0 1657 21 Punjab * 0 0 0 0 0 0 22 Rajasthan 1221 NA NA NA NA NA 23 Sikkim 49 42 6 1 1 6 24 Tamil Nadu 50 50 0 0 0 0 25 Tripura 280 90 110 80 5 185 26 U arakhand 162 80 82 0 16 66 27 U ar Pradesh 1583 595 988 0 184 804 28 West Bengal 445 63 265 117 0 382 29 A & N Island 31 31 0 0 0 0 30 Chandigarh* 0 0 0 0 0 0 31 D &N Haveli # 38 38 0 0 0 0 32 Daman & Diu 5 5 0 0 0 0 33 Delhi * 0 0 0 0 0 0 34 Lakshadweep * 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 Puducherry * 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA: Not Available; #: States are predominantly tribal areas; **: Surplus; 1: Required Number = Total Functioning – (Govt. Buildings + Under Construction) (ignoring excess) Source: Rural Health Statistics Bulletin, March 2008, MoHFW

127 Table 4.3 Building Position for PHCs in Tribal Areas (As on March, 2008) S. State/UT Total Sub Centres functioning in Buildings Buildings No. Number Under required1 of PHCs Construction to be Govt. Rented Rent Free functioning constructed Buildings Buildings Panchayat/Vol. Society Building 1 Andhra Pradesh 193 193 0 0 0 0 2 Arunachal Pradesh# 116 85 0 31 0 31 3 Assam 133 133 0 0 0 0 4 Bihar 6 2 4 0 0 4 5 Chha isgarh 365 198 109 58 38 129 6Goa* 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 Gujarat 328 304 0 24 4 20 8 Haryana* 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 Himachal Pradesh 43 25 1 17 4 14 10 Jammu & Kashmir 49 NA NA NA NA NA 11 Jharkhand NA NA NA NA NA NA 12 Karnataka 337 NA NA NA NA NA 13 Kerala 85 85 0 0 0 0 14 Madhya Pradesh 349 220 129 0 65 64 15 Maharashtra 320 246 5 69 39 35 16 Manipur 37 35 0 2 1 1 17 Meghalaya# 103 103 0 0 7 ** 18 Mizoram# 57 57 0 0 0 0 19 Nagaland# 86 86 0 0 0 0 20 Orissa 423 423 0 0 0 0 21 Punjab * 0 0 0 0 0 0 22 Rajasthan 160 150 0 10 3 7 23 Sikkim 10 10 0 0 0 0 24 Tamil Nadu 25 NA NA NA NA NA 25 Tripura 36 36 0 0 0 0 26 U arakhand 26 NA NA NA NA NA 27 U ar Pradesh NA NA NA NA NA NA 28 West Bengal 46 46 0 0 0 0 29 A & N Island 2 2 0 0 0 0 30 Chandigarh* 0 0 0 0 0 0 31 D &N Haveli # 6 6 0 0 0 0 32 Daman & Diu 1 1 0 0 0 0 33 Delhi * 0 0 0 0 0 0 34 Lakshadweep * 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 Puducherry * 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA: Not Available; #: States are predominantly tribal areas; **: Surplus; *: State/UT has no separate Tribal Area/ Population; 1: Required Number = Total Functioning – (Govt. Buildings + Under Construction) (ignoring excess) Source: Rural Health Statistics Bulletin, March 2008, MoHFW

128 Table 4.4 Building Position for CHCs in Tribal Areas (As on March, 2008)

S. State/UT Total CHCs functioning in Buildings Buildings No. Number Under required1 of CHCs Govt. Rented Rent Free Construction to be functioning Buildings Buildings Panchayat/ constructed Vol. Society Building 1 Andhra Pradesh 32 32 0 0 0 0 2 Arunachal Pradesh# 44 39 0 5 0 5 3 Assam 34 34 0 0 0 0 4Bihar 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 Chha sgarh 76 76 0 0 0 0 6Goa* 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 Gujarat 70 58 0 12 12 0 8 Haryana* 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 Himachal Pradesh 9 9 0 0 1 * 10 Jammu & Kashmir 6 NA NA NA NA NA 11 Jharkhand NA NA NA NA NA NA 12 Karnataka 47 NA NA NA NA NA 13 Kerala 21 21 0 0 0 0 14 Madhya Pradesh 85 85 0 0 49 ** 15 Maharashtra 67 44 2 21 7 16 16 Manipur 5 5 0 0 0 0 17 Meghalaya# 26 26 0 0 7 ** 18 Mizoram# 9 9 0 0 0 0 19 Nagaland# 21 21 0 0 0 0 20 Orissa 83 83 0 0 0 0 21 Punjab * 0 0 0 0 0 0 22 Rajasthan 38 33 0 5 5 0 23 Sikkim 1 1 0 0 0 0 24 Tamil Nadu 3 3 0 0 0 0 25 Tripura 5 5 0 0 0 0 26 U arakhand 6 6 0 0 0 0 27 U ar Pradesh 24 24 0 0 1 * 28 West Bengal 18 18 0 0 0 0 29 A & N Island 1 1 0 0 0 0 30 Chandigarh* 0 0 0 0 0 0 31 D &N Haveli # 1 1 0 0 0 0 32 Daman & Diu 0 0 0 0 0 0 33 Delhi * 0 0 0 0 0 0 34 Lakshadweep * 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 Puducherry * 0 0 0 0 0 0

NA: Not Available; #: States are predominantly tribal areas; **: Surplus; *: State/UT has no separate Tribal Area/ Population; 1: Required Number = Total Functioning – (Govt. Buildings + Under Construction) (ignoring excess) Source: Rural Health Sta s cs Bulle n, March 2008, MoHFW

129 Table 4.5 Health Worker {F} ANM at Sub Centres in tribal areas (As on March, 2008)

S. No. State/UT Required1 Sanc oned In Posi on Vacant Shor all {R} {S} {P} {S-P} {R-P} 1 Andhra Pradesh 1523 1389 1355 34 168 2 Arunachal Pradesh# 592 NA 217 NA 375 3 Assam 841 NA 1450 NA * 4 Bihar 23 23 23 0 0 5 Chha sgarh 2934 2934 2125 809 809 6Goa* 0 0 0 0 0 7 Gujarat 2209 3605 3180 425 ** 8 Haryana* 0 0 0 0 0 9 Himachal Pradesh 103 101 80 21 23 10 Jammu & Kashmir 196 NA NA NA NA 11 Jharkhand NA NA NA NA NA 12 Karnataka 1661 1661 1620 41 41 13 Kerala 298 NA NA NA NA 14 Madhya Pradesh 2917 2917 1807 1110 1110 15 Maharashtra 2075 2025 1536 489 539 16 Manipur 222 222 444 ** ** 17 Meghalaya# 401 460 401 59 0 18 Mizoram# 366 366 426 ** ** 19 Nagaland# 397 276 527 ** ** 20 Orissa 2689 NA NA NA NA 21 Punjab * 0 0 0 0 0 22 Rajasthan 1221 2054 2054 0 ** 23 Sikkim 49 49 49 0 0 24 Tamil Nadu 50 50 50 0 0 25 Tripura 280 NA 194 NA 86 26 U arakhand 162 159 130 29 32 27 U ar Pradesh NA NA NA NA NA 28 West Bengal 445 445 438 7 7 29 A & N Island 31 NA 36 NA ** 30 Chandigarh* 0 0 0 0 0 31 D &N Haveli # 38 38 38 0 0 32 Daman & Diu 5 NA NA NA NA 33 Delhi * 0 0 0 0 0 34 Lakshadweep * 0 0 0 0 0 35 Puducherry * 0 0 0 0 0

NA: Not Available; #: States are predominantly tribal areas; **: Surplus; *: State/UT has no separate Tribal Area/ Population; 1: One per each Sub Centre Source: Rural Health Statistics Bulletin, March 2008, MoHFW

130 Table 4.6 Health Workers {M} at Sub Centres in Tribal Areas (As on March, 2008)

S. State/UT Required1 Sanctioned In Position Vacant Shortfall No. {R} {S} {P} {S-P} {R-P} 1 Andhra Pradesh 1523 528 496 32 1027 2 Arunachal Pradesh# 592 NA 156 NA 436 3 Assam 841 NA NA NA NA 4 Bihar 23 23 0 23 23 5 Chha isgarh 2934 2934 1531 1403 1403 6Goa* 0 0 0 0 0 7 Gujarat 2209 3062 2241 821 ** 8 Haryana* 0 0 0 0 0 9 Himachal Pradesh 103 70 70 0 33 10 Jammu & Kashmir 196 NA NA NA NA 11 Jharkhand NA NA NA NA NA 12 Karnatka 1661 1245 1017 228 644 13 Kerala 298 NA NA NA NA 14 Madhya Pradesh 2917 2917 1016 1901 1901 15 Maharashtra 2075 2025 1006 1019 1069 16 Manipur 222 222 222 0 0 17 Meghalaya# 401 273 273 0 128 18 Mizoram# 366 366 398 ** ** 19 Nagaland# 397 276 300 ** 97 20 Orissa 2689 NA NA NA NA 21 Punjab * 0 0 0 0 0 22 Rajasthan 1221 702 413 289 808 23 Sikkim 49 49 49 0 0 24 Tamil Nadu 50 50 23 27 27 25 Tripura 280 NA 107 NA 173 26 U arakhand 162 20 5 15 157 27 U ar Pradesh 1583 NA NA NA NA 28 West Bengal 445 46 30 16 415 29 A & N Island 31 N A 36 NA ** 30 Chandigarh* 0 0 0 0 0 31 D &N Haveli # 38 9 9 0 29 32 Daman & Diu 5 NA NA NA NA 33 Delhi * 0 0 0 0 0 34 Lakshadweep * 0 0 0 0 0 35 Puducherry * 0 0 0 0 0 NA: Not Available; #: States are predominantly tribal areas; **: Surplus; *: State/UT has no separate Tribal Area/ Population; 1: One per each Sub Centre Source: Rural Health Statistics Bulletin, March 2008, MoHFW

131 Table 4.7: Doctors at PHCs in Tribal Area (As on March, 2008)

S.No. State/UT Required1 Sanctioned In Position Vacant Shortfall {R} {S} {P} {S-P} {R-P} 1 Andhra Pradesh 193 119 92 27 101 2 Arunachal Pradesh# 116 NA 87 NA 29 3 Assam 133 NA 56 NA 77 4 Bihar 6 1 1 0 5 5 Chha sgarh 365 365 170 195 195 6Goa* 0 0 0 0 0 7 Gujarat 328 328 304 24 24 8 Haryana* 0 0 0 0 0 9 Himachal Pradesh 43 0 14 ** 29 10 Jammu & Kashmir 49 NA NA NA NA 11 Jharkhand NA NA NA NA NA 12 Karnataka 337 337 310 27 27 13 Kerala 85 NA NA NA NA 14 Madhya Pradesh 349 348 158 190 191 15 Maharashtra 320 316 280 36 40 16 Manipur 37 38 44 ** ** 17 Meghalaya# 103 127 106 21 ** 18 Mizoram# 57 57 52 5 5 19 Nagaland# 86 53 79 ** 7 20 Orissa 423 NA NA NA NA 21 Punjab * 0 0 0 0 0 22 Rajasthan 160 183 155 28 5 23 Sikkim 10 20 14 6 ** 24 Tamil Nadu 25 25 21 4 4 25 Tripura 36 N A 59 NA ** 26 U arakhand 26 32 6 26 20 27 U ar Pradesh NA NA NA NA NA 28 West Bengal 46 46 46 0 0 29 A & N Island 2 6 6 0 ** 30 Chandigarh* 0 0 0 0 0 31 D &N Haveli # 6 6 6 0 0 32 Daman & Diu 1 NA NA NA NA 33 Delhi * 0 0 0 0 0 34 Lakshadweep * 0 0 0 0 0 35 Puducherry * 0 0 0 0 0

NA: Not Available; #: States are predominantly tribal areas; **: Surplus; *: State/UT has no separate Tribal Area/ Population; 1: One per each Primary Health Centre Source: Rural Health Statistics Bulletin, March 2008, MoHFW

132 Table 4.8: Surgeons at CHCs in Tribal Area (As on March,2008)

S.No. State/UT Required1 Sanctioned In Position Vacant Shortfall {R} {S} {P} {S-P} {R-P} 1 Andhra Pradesh 32 32 0 32 32 2 Arunachal Pradesh# 44 NA 5 NA 39 3 Assam 34 NA 11 NA 23 4 Bihar 0 0 0 0 0 5 Chha isgarh 76 76 9 67 67 6Goa* 0 0 0 0 0 7 Gujarat 70 60 10 50 60 8 Haryana* 0 0 0 0 0 9 Himachal Pradesh 9 NA NA NA NA 10 Jammu & Kashmir 6 NA NA NA NA 11 Jharkhand NA NA NA NA NA 12 Karnataka 47 47 26 21 21 13 Kerala 21 NA NA NA NA 14 Madhya Pradesh 85 21 4 17 81 15 Maharashtra 67 71 17 54 50 16 Manipur 5 5 0 5 5 17 Meghalaya# 26 1 1 0 25 18 Mizoram# 9 0 0 0 9 19 Nagaland# 21 0 1 ** 20 20 Orissa 83 NA NA NA NA 21 Punjab * 0 0 0 0 0 22 Rajasthan 38 42 22 20 16 23 Sikkim 1 1 0 1 1 24 Tamil Nadu 3 0 3 25 Tripura 5 0 0 0 5 26 U arakhand 6 7 4 3 2 27 U ar Pradesh 24 NA NA NA NA 28 West Bengal 18 0 0 0 18 29 A & N Island 1 1 1 0 0 30 Chandigarh* 0 0 0 0 0 31 D &N Haveli # 1 1 1 0 0 32 Daman & Diu 0 NA NA NA NA 33 Delhi * 0 0 0 0 0 34 Lakshadweep * 0 0 0 0 0 35 Puducherry * 0 0 0 0 0 NA: Not Available; #: States are predominantly tribal areas; **: Surplus; *: State/UT has no separate Tribal Area/ Population; 1: One per each Community Health Centre Source: Rural Health Statistics Bulletin, March 2008, MoHFW

133 Table 4.9: Obstericians & Gynaecologists at CHCs in Tribal Area (As on March, 2008)

S.No. State/UT Required1 Sanctioned In Position Vacant Shortfall {R} {S} {P} {S-P} {R-P} 1 Andhra Pradesh 32 32 0 32 32 2 Arunachal Pradesh# 44 NA 1 NA 43 3 Assam 34 NA 11 NA 23 4 Bihar 0 0 0 0 0 5 Chha isgarh 76 76 8 68 68 6Goa* 0 0 0 0 0 7 Gujarat 70 60 10 50 60 8 Haryana* 0 0 0 0 0 9 Himachal Pradesh 9 NA NA NA NA 10 Jammu & Kashmir 6 NA NA NA NA 11 Jharkhand NA NA NA NA NA 12 Karnataka 47 47 31 16 16 13 Kerala 21 NA NA NA NA 14 Madhya Pradesh 85 19 5 14 80 15 Maharashtra 67 71 28 43 39 16 Manipur 5 5 0 5 5 17 Meghalaya# 26 1 0 1 26 18 Mizoram# 9 0 0 0 9 19 Nagaland# 21 0 0 0 21 20 Orissa 83 NA NA NA NA 21 Punjab * 0 0 0 0 0 22 Rajasthan 38 12 9 3 29 23 Sikkim 1 1 0 1 1 24 Tamil Nadu 3 NA NA NA NA 25 Tripura 5 0 0 0 5 26 U arakhand 6 7 5 2 1 27 U ar Pradesh 24 NA NA NA NA 28 West Bengal 18 3 3 0 15 29 A & N Island 1 1 1 0 0 30 Chandigarh* 0 0 0 0 0 31 D &N Haveli # 1 0 0 0 1 32 Daman & Diu 0 NA NA NA NA 33 Delhi * 0 0 0 0 0 34 Lakshadweep * 0 0 0 0 0 35 Puducherry * 0 0 0 0 0 NA: Not Available; #: States are predominantly tribal areas; **: Surplus; *: State/UT has no separate Tribal Area/ Population; 1: One per each Community Health Centre Source: Rural Health Statistics Bulletin, March 2008, MoHFW

134 Table 4.10: Physicians at CHCs in Tribal Areas (As on March, 2008)

S.No. State/UT Required1 Sanctioned In Position Vacant Shortfall {R} {S} {P} {S-P} {R-P} 1 Andhra Pradesh 32 32 0 32 32 2 Arunachal Pradesh# 44 NA 3 NA 41 3 Assam 34 NA 1 NA 33 4 Bihar 0 0 0 0 0 5 Chha isgarh 76 76 6 70 70 6Goa* 0 0 0 0 0 7 Gujarat 70 0 0 0 70 8 Haryana* 0 0 0 0 0 9 Himachal Pradesh 9 NA NA NA NA 10 Jammu & Kashmir 6 NA NA NA NA 11 Jharkhand NA NA NA NA NA 12 Karnataka 47 47 22 25 25 13 Kerala 21 NA NA NA NA 14 Madhya Pradesh 85 23 17 6 68 15 Maharashtra 67 71 7 64 60 16 Manipur 5 5 0 5 5 17 Meghalaya# 26 1 1 0 25 18 Mizoram# 9 NA 0 0 9 19 Nagaland# 21 NA 0 0 21 20 Orissa 83 NA NA NA NA 21 Punjab * 0 0 0 0 0 22 Rajasthan 38 41 21 20 17 23 Sikkim 1 1 0 1 1 24 Tamil Nadu 3 NA NA NA NA 25 Tripura 5 NA 2 NA 3 26 U arakhand 6 6 2 4 4 27 U ar Pradesh 24 NA NA NA NA 28 West Bengal 18 1 0 0 18 29 A & N Island 1 0 0 1 1 30 Chandigarh* 0 1 0 0 0 31 D &N Haveli # 1 0 0 0 1 32 Daman & Diu 0 NA NA NA NA 33 Delhi * 0 0 0 0 0 34 Lakshadweep * 0 0 0 0 0 35 Puducherry * 0 0 0 0 0 NA: Not Available; #: States are predominantly tribal areas; **: Surplus; *: State/UT has no separate Tribal Area/ Population; 1: One per each Community Health Centre Source: Rural Health Statistics Bulletin, March 2008, MoHFW

135 Table 4.11: Pediatricians at Community Health Centres in Tribal Areas (As on March , 2008)

S.No. State/UT Required1 Sanctioned In Position Vacant Shortfall {R} {S} {P} {S-P} {R-P} 1 Andhra Pradesh 32 32 1 31 31 2 Arunachal Pradesh# 44 NA 0 NA 44 3 Assam 34 NA 6 NA 28 4 Bihar 0 0 0 0 0 5 Chha isgarh 76 76 8 68 68 6Goa* 0 0 0 0 0 7 Gujarat 70 6 2 4 68 8 Haryana* 0 0 0 0 0 9 Himachal Pradesh 9 NA NA NA NA 10 Jammu & Kashmir 6 NA NA NA NA 11 Jharkhand NA NA NA NA NA 12 Karnataka 47 47 18 29 29 13 Kerala 21 NA NA NA NA 14 Madhya Pradesh 85 22 2 20 83 15 Maharashtra 67 71 23 48 44 16 Manipur 5 5 0 5 5 17 Meghalaya# 26 0 0 0 26 18 Mizoram# 9 0 0 0 9 19 Nagaland# 21 0 0 0 21 20 Orissa 83 NA NA NA NA 21 Punjab * 0 0 0 0 0 22 Rajasthan 38 9 3 6 35 23 Sikkim 1 1 1 0 0 24 Tamil Nadu 3 NA NA NA NA 25 Tripura 5 0 0 0 5 26 U arakhand 6 2 2 0 4 27 U ar Pradesh 24 NA NA NA NA 28 West Bengal 18 3 3 0 15 29 A & N Island 1 0 1 ** 0 30 Chandigarh* 0 0 0 0 0 31 D &N Haveli # 1 0 0 0 1 32 Daman & Diu 0 0 0 0 0 33 Delhi * 0 0 0 0 0 34 Lakshadweep * 0 0 0 0 0 35 Puducherry * 0 0 0 0 0 NA: Not Available; #: States are predominantly tribal areas; **: Surplus; *: State/UT has no separate Tribal Area/ Population; 1: One per each Community Health Centre Source: Rural Health Statistics Bulletin, March 2008, MoHFW

136 Table 4.12: Total Specialists at Community Health Centres (CHCs) in Tribal Areas (As on March, 2008)

S.No. State/UT Required1 Sanctioned In Position Vacant Shortfall {R} {S} {P} {S-P} {R-P} 1 Andhra Pradesh 128 128 1 127 127 2 Arunachal Pradesh# 176 NA 9 NA 167 3 Assam 136 NA 29 NA 107 4 Bihar 0 0 0 0 0 5 Chha isgarh 304 304 31 273 273 6Goa* 0 0 0 0 0 7 Gujarat 280 126 22 104 258 8 Haryana* 0 0 0 0 0 9 Himachal Pradesh 36 NA NA NA NA 10 Jammu & Kashmir 24 NA NA NA NA 11 Jharkhand NA NA NA NA NA 12 Karnataka 188 188 97 91 91 13 Kerala 84 NA NA NA NA 14 Madhya Pradesh 340 85 28 57 312 15 Maharashtra 268 284 75 209 193 16 Manipur 20 20 0 20 20 17 Meghalaya# 104 3 2 1 36 18 Mizoram# 36 0 0 0 83 19 Nagaland# 84 0 1 ** 21 20 Orissa 332 NA NA NA NA 21 Punjab * 0 0 0 0 0 22 Rajasthan 152 104 55 49 97 23 Sikkim 4 1 1 3 3 24 Tamil Nadu 12 NA NA NA NA 25 Tripura 20 NA 2 NA 18 26 U arakhand 24 22 13 9 11 27 U ar Pradesh NA NA NA NA NA 28 West Bengal 72 6 6 0 66 29 A & N Island 4 3 3 0 1 30 Chandigarh* 0 0 0 0 0 31 D &N Haveli # 4 1 1 0 3 32 Daman & Diu 0 NA NA NA NA 33 Delhi * 0 0 0 0 0 34 Lakshadweep * 0 0 0 0 0 35 Puducherry * 0 0 0 0 0 NA: Not Available; #: States are predominantly tribal areas; **: Surplus; *: State/UT has no separate Tribal Area/Population; 1: One per each Community Health Centre Source: Rural Health Statistics Bulletin, March 2008, MoHFW

137 Table 4.13: Radiographers at Community Health Centres (CHCs) in Tribal Area (As on March, 2008)

S.No. State/UT Required1 Sanctioned In Position Vacant Shortfall {R} {S} {P} {S-P} {R-P} 1 Andhra Pradesh 32 5 3 2 29 2 Arunachal Pradesh# 44 NA 7 NA 37 3 Assam 34 NA NA NA NA 4 Bihar 0 0 0 0 0 5 Chha isgarh 76 76 63 13 13 6Goa* 0 0 0 0 0 7 Gujarat 70 64 12 52 58 8 Haryana* 0 0 0 0 0 9 Himachal Pradesh 9 0 1 ** 8 10 Jammu & Kashmir 6 NA NA NA NA 11 Jharkhand NA NA NA NA NA 12 Karnataka 47 7 3 4 44 13 Kerala 21 NA NA NA NA 14 Madhya Pradesh 85 84 30 54 55 15 Maharashtra 67 71 52 19 15 16 Manipur 5 5 3 2 2 17 Meghalaya# 26 28 25 3 1 18 Mizoram# 9 9 10 ** ** 19 Nagaland# 21 11 1 10 20 20 Orissa 83 5 2 3 81 21 Punjab * 0 0 0 0 0 22 Rajasthan 38 53 37 16 1 23 Sikkim 1 3 1 2 0 24 Tamil Nadu 3 0 0 0 3 25 Tripura 5 5 5 0 0 26 U arakhand 6 7 2 5 4 27 U ar Pradesh 24 NA NA NA NA 28 West Bengal 18 NA NA NA NA 29 A & N Island 1 1 0 1 1 30 Chandigarh* 0 0 0 0 0 31 D &N Haveli # 1 0 0 0 1 32 Daman & Diu 0 0 0 0 0 33 Delhi * 0 0 0 0 0 34 Lakshadweep * 0 NA NA NA NA 35 Puducherry * 0 0 0 0 0

NA: Not Available; #: States are predominantly tribal areas; **: Surplus; *: State/UT has no separate Tribal Area/ Population; 1: One per each Community Health Centre

Source: Rural Health Statistics Bulletin, March 2008, MoHFW

138 Table 4.14: Pharmacists at PHCs & CHCs in Tribal Areas (As on March, 2008)

S.No. State/UT Required1 Sanctioned In Position Vacant Shortfall {R} {S} {P} {S-P} {R-P} 1 Andhra Pradesh 225 199 110 89 115 2 Arunachal Pradesh# 160 NA 66 NA 94 3 Assam 167 NA NA NA NA 4 Bihar 6 6 1 5 5 5 Chha isgarh 441 517 416 101 25 6Goa* 0 0 0 0 0 7 Gujarat 398 399 303 96 95 8 Haryana* 0 0 0 0 0 9 Himachal Pradesh 52 46 48 ** 4 10 Jammu & Kashmir 55 NA NA NA NA 11 Jharkhand NA NA NA NA NA 12 Karnataka 384 384 309 75 75 13 Kerala 106 NA NA NA NA 14 Madhya Pradesh 434 432 103 329 331 15 Maharashtra 387 387 322 65 65 16 Manipur 42 18 23 * 19 17 Meghalaya# 129 145 113 32 16 18 Mizoram# 66 69 56 13 10 19 Nagaland# 107 85 113 ** ** 20 Orissa 506 NA NA NA NA 21 Punjab * 0 0 0 0 0 22 Rajasthan 198 2 NA NA NA 23 Sikkim 11 12 0 12 1 24 Tamil Nadu 28 25 15 10 13 25 Tripura 41 NA 26 NA 15 26 U arakhand 32 40 37 3 ** 27 U ar Pradesh NA NA NA NA NA 28 West Bengal 64 64 64 0 0 29 A & N Island 3 NA 5 NA ** 30 Chandigarh* 0 0 0 0 0 31 D &N Haveli # 7 6 6 0 1 32 Daman & Diu 1 NA NA NA NA 33 Delhi * 0 0 0 0 0 34 Lakshadweep * 0 0 0 0 0 35 Puducherry * 0 0 0 0 0 NA: Not Available; #: States are predominantly tribal areas; **: Surplus; *: State/UT has no separate Tribal Area/ Population; 1: One per each Primary Health Centre & Community Health Centre Source: Rural Health Statistics Bulletin, March 2008, MoHFW

139 Table 4.15: Lab Technicians at PHCs & CHCs in Tribal Areas (As on March 2008)

S.No. State/UT Required1 Sanctioned In Position Vacant Shortfall {R} {S} {P} {S-P} {R-P} 1 Andhra Pradesh 225 152 126 26 99 2 Arunachal Pradesh# 160 NA 52 NA 108 3 Assam 167 NA NA NA NA 4 Bihar 6 6 1 5 5 5 Chha isgarh 441 441 254 187 187 6Goa* 0 0 0 0 0 7 Gujarat 398 397 323 74 75 8 Haryana* 0 0 0 0 0 9 Himachal Pradesh 52 0 1 ** 51 10 Jammu & Kashmir 55 NA NA NA NA 11 Jharkhand NA NA NA NA NA 12 Karnataka 384 384 301 83 83 13 Kerala 106 NA NA NA NA 14 Madhya Pradesh 434 84 112 ** 322 15 Maharashtra 387 387 356 31 31 16 Manipur 42 29 15 14 27 17 Meghalaya# 129 137 130 7 ** 18 Mizoram# 66 69 76 ** ** 19 Nagaland# 107 45 64 ** 43 20 Orissa 506 123 105 18 401 21 Punjab * 0 0 0 0 0 22 Rajasthan 198 320 98 222 100 23 Sikkim 11 13 11 2 0 24 Tamil Nadu 28 13 9 4 19 25 Tripura 41 NA 15 NA 26 26 U arakhand 32 15 4 11 28 27 U ar Pradesh NA NA NA NA NA 28 West Bengal 64 NA NA NA NA 29 A & N Island 3 NA 5 NA -2 30 Chandigarh* 0 0 0 0 0 31 D &N Haveli # 7 6 6 0 1 32 Daman & Diu 1 NA NA NA NA 33 Delhi * 0 0 0 0 0 34 Lakshadweep * 0 0 0 0 0 35 Puducherry * 0 0 0 0 0 NA: Not Available; #: States are predominantly tribal areas; **: Surplus; *: State/UT has no separate Tribal Area/ Population; 1: One per each Primary Health Centre & Community Health Centre

Source: Rural Health Statistics Bulletin, March 2008, MoHFW

140 Table 4.16: Nurse /Midwife/Staﬀ Nurse at PHCs & CHCs in Tribal Areas (As on March, 2008)

S.No. State/UT Required1 Sanctioned In Position Vacant Shortfall {R} {S} {P} {S-P} {R-P} 1 Andhra Pradesh 417 274 174 100 243 2 Arunachal Pradesh# 424 NA 312 NA 112 3 Assam 371 NA NA NA NA 4 Bihar 6 8 4 4 2 5 Chha isgarh 897 593 341 252 556 6Goa* 0 0 0 0 0 7 Gujarat 818 484 398 86 420 8 Haryana* 0 0 0 0 0 9 Himachal Pradesh 106 0 21 ** 85 10 Jammu & Kashmir 91 NA NA NA NA 11 Jharkhand NA NA NA NA NA 12 Karnataka 666 582 517 65 149 13 Kerala 232 NA NA NA NA 14 Madhya Pradesh 944 336 298 38 646 15 Maharashtra 789 747 571 176 218 16 Manipur 72 59 49 10 23 17 Meghalaya# 285 223 174 49 111 18 Mizoram# 120 391 335 56 ** 19 Nagaland# 233 520 520 0 ** 20 Orissa 1004 221 205 16 799 21 Punjab * 0 0 0 0 0 22 Rajasthan 426 1692 1483 209 ** 23 Sikkim 17 18 18 0 ** 24 Tamil Nadu 46 NA NA NA NA 25 Tripura 71 NA 85 NA ** 26 U arakhand 68 NA NA NA NA 27 U ar Pradesh NA NA NA NA NA 28 West Bengal 172 18 18 0 154 29 A & N Island 9 NA 23 NA ** 30 Chandigarh* 0 0 0 0 0 31 D &N Haveli # 13 12 20 ** ** 32 Daman & Diu 1 NA NA NA NA 33 Delhi * 0 0 0 0 0 34 Lakshadweep * 0 0 0 0 0 35 Puducherry * 0 0 0 0 0 NA: Not Available; #: States are predominantly tribal areas; **: Surplus; *: State/UT has no separate Tribal Area/Population; 1: One per each Primary Health Centre & Community Health Centre Source: Rural Health Statistics Bulletin, March 2008, MoHFW

141 SECTION-5

Employment and Unemployment situation of the Scheduled Tribes, including Migration

Table 5.1: Occupational Distribution: Percentage of Working and Non-working Population SCs, STs and All India Rural Urban Total Workers

All 39.10 41.75 32.75 SC 40.41 42.50 33.14 ST 49.06 50.37 34.56 Cultivators

All 31.65 40.24 2.81 SC 19.99 23.47 1.76 ST 44.71 47.07 6.55 Under Agricultural Labour

All 26.55 33.05 4.71 SC 45.61 52.23 11.03 ST 36.85 38.37 12.38 Household Industry

All 4.22 3.92 5.22 SC 3.91 3.73 4.84 ST 2.13 2.08 2.87 Other Workers

All 37.59 22.80 87.27 SC 30.49 20.58 82.37 ST 16.31 12.48 78.20 Non-Workers

All 60.90 58.25 67.75 SC 59.59 57.50 67.86 ST 50.94 49.63 65.44 Source : RGI, Census of India 2001

142 Table 5.2: Labour Force participation Rate (LFPR), Work-force Participation Rate (WPR) and Proportion of Unemployed (PU) per 1000 persons according to usual status for diﬀ erent social groups STs SCs OBCs Others All Gap (STs-All) Labour Force participation Rate (LFPR)

Persons 507 438 432 401 430 77 Male 566 557 551 569 559 7 Female 446 314 307 223 294 152 Work-force Participation Rate (WPR)

Persons 502 428 423 389 420 82 Male 559 543 541 554 547 12 Female 444 308 299 214 287 157 Proportion of Unemployed (PU)

Persons 5 10 9 12 10 5 Male 7 14 11 15 12 5 Female 3 6 8 10 8 5 Source: NSS 61st Round, 2004-05; Government of India

143 Table 5.3: Labour force participation rate (LFPR), Worker population ratio (WPR), proportion unemployed (PU) according to usual status (ps + ss) for each State /UT for Scheduled Tribes in Rural Areas State/U.T. male female person LFPR WPR PU LFPR WPR PU LFPR WPR PU

Andhra Pradesh 570 570 0 531 530 0 550 550 0 Arunachal Pradesh 486 481 5 437 434 3 463 458 4 Assam 581 572 9 265 261 4 436 430 7 Bihar 519 484 36 138 138 0 355 335 20 Chha isgarh 570 570 0 517 517 0 544 544 0 Delhi ------Goa 1000 1000 0 0 0 0 157 157 0 Gujarat 595 594 1 514 513 1 555 553 1 Haryana 447 447 0 500 500 0 475 475 0 Himachal Pradesh 512 511 2 553 553 0 534 533 1 Jammu & Kashmir 364 349 14 328 328 0 352 342 9 Jharkhand 584 576 8 413 412 1 500 496 5 Karnataka 603 603 0 526 526 0 567 567 0 Kerala 640 628 13 438 389 49 534 502 32 Madhya Pradesh 538 536 3 465 465 0 503 501 1 Maharashtra 570 562 8 530 529 1 551 546 5 Manipur 561 560 0 452 452 0 508 507 0 Meghalaya 576 576 0 486 483 3 531 529 2 Mizoram 601 598 3 445 445 0 527 526 2 Nagaland 562 549 13 519 512 7 541 531 10 Orissa 606 601 5 506 503 4 556 551 4 Punjab 769 769 0 184 184 0 451 451 0 Rajasthan 514 507 7 498 497 1 506 502 4 Sikkim 576 563 13 354 349 5 474 465 9 Tamil Nadu 615 615 0 598 598 0 606 606 0 Tripura 605 544 60 156 111 46 389 335 53 U arakhand 586 586 0 480 480 0 530 530 0 U ar Pradesh 625 580 44 324 324 0 478 456 23 West Bengal 557 543 14 346 344 1 455 447 8 A & N Islands 1000 1000 0 0 0 0 333 333 0 Chandigarh 375 375 0 0 0 0 250 250 0 Dadra & Nagar Haveli 528 508 20 499 479 19 514 494 20 Daman & Diu 603 603 0 256 256 0 408 408 0 Lakshadweep 586 581 5 114 50 64 382 352 31 Pondicherry ------All -India 568 562 6 466 464 2 518 514 4

Source: NSS 61st Round, 2004-05; Government of India 144 Table 5.4: Labour force participation rate (LFPR), Worker population ratio (WPR), proportion unemployed (PU) according to usual status (ps + ss) for each State /UT for Scheduled Tribes in Urban Areas State/U.T. male female person LFPR WPR PU LFPR WPR PU LFPR WPR PU

Andhra Pradesh 573 559 14 161 161 0 333 328 6 Arunachal Pradesh 384 378 6 209 202 7 293 287 6 Assam 521 484 38 137 124 13 356 329 27 Bihar 446 446 0 246 246 0 352 352 0 Chha isgarh 559 536 23 200 197 2 379 367 13 Delhi 469 457 12 50 50 0 315 307 8 Goa 286 286 0 167 167 0 231 231 0 Gujarat 620 611 9 369 355 13 508 497 11 Haryana 681 681 0 399 399 0 575 575 0 Himachal Pradesh 317 317 0 362 288 74 340 302 39 Jammu & Kashmir 392 392 0 681 681 0 482 482 0 Jharkhand 464 451 13 256 256 1 350 344 6 Karnataka 642 642 0 303 296 7 452 448 4 Kerala 704 704 0 947 213 733 900 308 591 Madhya Pradesh 502 489 13 191 191 0 360 353 7 Maharashtra 540 523 16 272 267 4 409 398 10 Manipur 334 332 2 123 113 10 233 227 6 Meghalaya 437 420 18 334 320 13 380 365 15 Mizoram 488 480 8 288 281 7 388 381 8 Nagaland 432 407 25 310 295 16 373 352 21 Orissa 570 537 34 303 293 10 430 409 21 Punjab 637 637 0 64 64 0 291 291 0 Rajasthan 509 497 12 268 255 13 396 383 13 Sikkim 549 533 17 210 210 0 368 361 8 Tamil Nadu 573 573 0 339 339 0 463 463 0 Tripura 594 461 132 291 77 214 438 264 174 U arakhand 624 545 79 249 249 0 439 399 40 U ar Pradesh 507 507 0 156 156 0 302 302 0 West Bengal 564 548 17 150 150 0 367 358 9 A & N Islands 199 199 0 1000 1000 0 332 332 0 Chandigarh 534 534 0 53 53 0 265 265 0 Dadra & Nagar Haveli 712 712 0 306 306 0 507 507 0 Daman & Diu 517 500 17 194 194 0 356 347 8 Lakshadweep 472 411 61 232 109 123 350 258 92 Pondicherry ------All -India 538 523 16 254 245 9 396 384 12

Source: NSS 61st Round, 2004-05; Government of India 145 Table 5.5: Labour force participation rate (LFPR), Worker population ratio (WPR), proportion unemployed (PU) according to usual status (PS + SS) for each State /UT for Scheduled Tribes in Rural+Urban Areas State/U.T. Male Female Person LFPR WPR PU LFPR WPR PU LFPR WPR PU

Andhra Pradesh 570 568 2 473 473 0 521 520 1 Arunachal Pradesh 480 474 6 421 418 3 451 447 4 Assam 578 568 10 259 255 4 433 425 7 Bihar 514 481 33 147 147 0 355 336 19 Chha isgarh 570 568 1 500 500 0 534 534 1 Delhi 469 457 12 50 50 0 315 307 8 Goa 406 406 0 74 74 0 200 200 0 Gujarat 598 596 2 499 496 3 549 547 2 Haryana 511 511 0 483 483 0 497 497 0 Himachal Pradesh 494 493 1 536 529 7 516 511 4 Jammu & Kashmir 368 355 12 371 371 0 369 361 8 Jharkhand 576 568 9 400 400 1 489 484 5 Karnataka 607 607 0 495 494 1 553 553 0 Kerala 641 628 12 448 385 63 539 499 39 Madhya Pradesh 536 533 3 453 453 0 496 494 2 Maharashtra 566 556 10 491 489 2 530 524 6 Manipur 542 542 1 426 425 1 486 485 1 Meghalaya 561 558 2 466 462 4 513 509 3 Mizoram 557 552 5 380 377 3 471 467 4 Nagaland 526 510 17 462 453 10 495 482 13 Orissa 604 597 7 493 489 4 548 543 5 Punjab 699 699 0 113 113 0 361 361 0 Rajasthan 513 506 8 478 476 2 496 491 5 Sikkim 575 561 13 344 340 4 468 459 9 Tamil Nadu 598 598 0 504 504 0 551 551 0 Tripura 604 540 64 164 109 55 391 332 60 U arakhand 590 581 9 457 457 0 521 516 4 U ar Pradesh 609 570 38 293 293 0 450 431 19 West Bengal 558 543 14 333 332 1 449 441 8 A & N Islands 258 258 0 558 558 0 333 333 0 Chandigarh 497 497 0 48 48 0 263 263 0 Dadra & Nagar Haveli 532 513 20 493 475 19 514 495 19 Daman & Diu 589 586 3 248 248 0 401 399 1 Lakshadweep 534 503 31 177 82 96 366 305 61 Pondicherry ------All -India 566 559 7 446 444 3 507 502 5 Source: NSS 61st Round, 2004-05; Government of India 146 Table 5.6 : Average Daily Wages/Earnings (in Rs) across Social Groups in India (2004-05)

Rural Urban Male Female Male Female Casual STs 45.63 33.33 62.69 42.49 SCs 54.92 36.06 72.35 44.31 Others 56.05 34.35 74.98 46.57 Regular STs 130.38 78.04 207.02 123.06 SCs 120.53 59.00 147.95 93.56 Others 178.67 113.37 240.04 197.36 Source: NSSO Survey, 61st Round 2004-05

147

Source: 5th Economic Census, 2005 Source: SC ST OBC OBC SC ST OBC Rural Urban Combined 61 29 234 29 10 82 90 39 316 SC ST 587 165 3,443 334 88 2,148 921 253 5,591 5,830 3,010 14,760 1,385 410 5,3582,187 7,215 812 3,4202,244 20,118 15,8108,975 1,298 2,172 2,790 9,055 785 29,412 685 17,919 5,731 4,359 321 1,733 1,597 4,136 25,621 33,729 14,706 2,929 4,523 1,619 55,033 13,191 25,560 7,603 98,801 13,23524,945 4,315 8,215 70,455 110,385 38,795 17,856 11,918 5,024 169,256 89,592 42,801 13,239 199,977 20,73310,971 6,351 3,238 49,69240,397 62,873 14,085 22,59415,040 3,210 9,859 263,130 31,365 3,938 3,001 23,714 34,818 69,692 77,607 7,607 9,561 20,830 128,671 15,259 81,057 15,966 6,239 4,900 64,11185,308 132,565 3,413 78,552 30,201 17,401 391,801 30,299 64,877 422,778 8,838 6,187 58,137 156,159 1,893 12,338 216,877 36,394 143,445 22,153 29,739 5,306 639,655 101,271 488,287 242,337 1,736,819 136,982 32,801699,229 719,187 282,011 625,269124,916 275,138 2,598,985 27,081 2,456,006 358,258 105,312 206,790 1,559,679 1,057,487 73,768 387,323 17,538 4,158,664 135,648 198,684 44,619 342,438 Combined (Figures in Absolute Numbers) Mining and Quarrying Manufacturing supply gas and water Electricity, Construction Sale, Maintenance & Repair of motor motorcycles vehicles, Wholesale trade Retail Trade Hotels & Restaurants storage Transport, & Telecommunications Post Financial intermediation Real estate, Renting & Business Services Public administration and defence; compulsory social security Education Health and social work social and personal Other community, service activities Other Activities Sl. No. Major Activity Group 7 13 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 14 15 16 17 All Non-agricultural activities 1,571,236 632,286 5,765,451 737,676 201,286 3,191,376 2,308,912 833,572 8,956,827 1 Table 5.7: Selected characteristics of Non-agricultural Own Account establishments by Major Activity Groups – Rural, Urban and Table

148 Urban and 5,767 Economic Census, 2005 th 9,793 81,422 Source: 5 Source: 19,084 7,871 141,668 137,357 56,382 15,378 258,944 49,882 812,421 273,013 111,158 1,439,349 130,823 2,187,596 768,276 303,223 4,160,737 73,034 14,650 6,108 57,219 35,962 15,370 130,253 Combined (Figures in absolute number) Rural Urban Combined 7 15 117 18 4 162 25 19 279 SC ST OBC SC ST OBC SC ST OBC 427 208 2,901 457 231 2,866 884 439 891 516 8,480 1,680 1,053 16,851 2,571 1,569 25,331 5,714 2,393 43,071 13,370 5,478 98,597 2,343 2,364 11,0327,906 736 3,2746,883 23,222 353 2,357 5,231 34,834 4,6553,960 2,064 10,463 3,079 1,615 21,331 4,033 26,124 2,717 13,1372,319 66,592 7,089 5,338 1,973 15,687 17,3465,424 2,854 10,106 6,390 44,553 2,431 42,336 1,192 29,007 101,426 11,049 1,036 6,453 4,469 7,874 2,896 68,460 3,511 46,087 3,009 11,877 5,327 17,980 75,094 21,312 9,262 10,150 3,799 56,36610,161 6,878 14,51224,700 44,794 5,088 6,484 5,844 86,881 121,587 31,682 24,662 2,915 8,887 8,894 36,628 16,005 143,247 15,233 11,939 115,773 20,932 10,407 133,374 36,165 22,346 249,147 130,358 61,276 626,928 142,655 152,988 55,616 745,765 90,536 27,527 616,365 243,524 83,143 1,362,130 ed) Activities ed) Mining and Quarrying Manufacturing gas and water Electricity, supply Construction Sale, Maint. & Repair of motorcycles motor vehicles, Wholesale trade Retail Trade Hotels & Restaurants storage Transport, communications & Tele- Post Financial intermediation Real estate, Renting & Business Services Public administration and defence; compulsory social security Education Health and social work social and Other community, personal service activities Other (Unspeciﬁ Major Activity Group 8 2 3 5 7 9 11 12 14 16 15 6 1 Sl. No 13 Agricultural activitiesAll Non- 400,776 172,400 1,973,141 367,500 4 10 17 Table 5.8: Selected characteristics of Non-agricultural Establishments (with hired worker) by Major Activity Groups – Rural, Table

149 Table 5.9: Migrant households in diﬀ erent social groups and changes over time Number of migrant household per 1000 households in each social group during NSS 49th round (Jan-Jun, 1993) and 64th round (2007-08)

Social Rural Urban Rural + urban groups 49th round (Jan- 64th round 49th round 64th round 49th round (Jan- 64th round (jul.07- Jun, 1993) (Jul.07-Jun.08) (Jan-Jun, 1993) (Jul.07-Jun.08) Jun,1993) Jun.08) ST 27 19 29 62 27 23 SC 9 11 21 28 11 14 OBC 12 34 17 Others 9 15 (13) 23 33 (33) 13 22 (20) All 11 13 22 33 14 19 Note Figures in parenthesis, against the household social group ‘Others’ gives the proportion of migrant household during NSS 64th round considering both the household social group ‘OBC’ and ‘Others’, for comparison purpose. Source: NSS Report No. 533: Migration in India, NSS 64th Round (July 2007 – June 2008) , MOSPI

Table 5.10: Migration rate for diﬀ erent social groups (Number of migrants per 1000 persons of each social group for each category of persons during 2007-08)

Social Category of persons groups Rural Urban

Male Female Person Male Female Person 55th round (1999-2000) Scheduled tribe 56 357 204 282 411 345 Scheduled caste 64 434 244 225 393 305 Other backward class 65 428 242 237 417 323 Others 81 443 259 276 426 347 All (incl. n.r.) 69 426 244 257 418 334 64th round (2007-08) Scheduled tribe 47 440 238 288 430 356 Scheduled caste 49 482 260 235 447 337 Other backward class 51 468 255 230 437 331 Others 68 506 281 290 477 379 All (incl. n.r.) 54 477 261 259 456 354 Source: NSS Report No. 533: Migration in India, NSS 64th Round (July 2007 – June 2008) , MOSPI

150 Table 5.11: Migration rates across diﬀ erent MPCE levels (Migration rates for diﬀ erent MPCE decile class and per 1000 distribution of migrants by decile classes during 2007-08)

MPCE decile migration rate per 1000 distribution of migrants class Male Female Person Male Female Person Rural

0-10 26 388 209 46 84 80 10-20 31 423 227 55 91 87 20-30 34 437 235 61 93 90 30-40 34 445 237 62 94 91 40-50 37 472 250 67 99 96 50-60 45 482 257 83 100 99 60-70 41 481 252 77 99 97 70-80 53 522 279 99 108 107 80-90 70 540 294 132 111 113 90-100 166 592 366 318 119 140 All groups 54 477 261 1000 1000 1000 Urban

0-10 96 357 229 35 83 65 10-20 142 414 277 54 93 78 20-30 160 412 284 60 93 80 30-40 175 429 298 67 94 84 40-50 238 455 342 92 100 97 50-60 267 478 368 104 104 104 60-70 301 478 385 118 103 109 70-80 347 500 419 136 108 118 80-90 373 501 432 148 106 122 90-100 462 555 505 186 116 143 All groups 259 456 354 1000 1000 1000 Source: NSS Report No. 533: Migration in India, NSS 64th Round (July 2007 – June 2008) , MOSPI

151 sample l group: ST (00) 1 231 77 5 1043 124 10 2249 419 no. of migrants n.r. all estd. Round (July 2007 – June 2008) , MOSPI th another country State urban another areas of 7 00 0 0 0 1 0 2630 0 58 0 2 352 0 19 0 1 312 33 rural State another areas of district another of same state but urban areas Source: NSS Report No. 533: Migration in India, 64 Source: Location of last residence but state rural same district another areas of same urban district areas of 4 6 8 13 0 3 59 55 5 1097 159 84 16 53 303 62 1 775 115 18 6 240 4 14 0 123 0 1 22 1 7 1 2 3 25 0 3 43 7 16 0 0 10 3588 7 3 2163 597 7 0 650 0 2 0 0 39 4 0 3 887 0 0 770 167 4 0 24 1 961 185 92 27 23 43 27 30 14 43 26 0 24 5355 462 47 213 95 390 107 386 263 166 77 17156 2809 10 26 4553 9 24 43 124 48 49 173 22 28 22 82 4781 54 706 10 49 10945 520 725 25 164 32 39 13 1 1 1000 x x 827 577 716 231 561 184 328 732 764 169455 9138 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 221793 16081 same 160843 5552 36353 7075 8656 2928 266 119 221793 x x district areas of er employment er at 4 16 2 19 0 40 0 0 ood, tsunami, etc.) 2 0 1 1 er employment er Reason for migration rural All-India Rural + urban Male female In search of employment In search of be Business 1 take up employment / be To of service/ contract Transfer 1 Proximity to place of work Studies 5Natural disaster (drought, ﬂ 1Social / political problems (riots, terrorism, etc.) political refugee, bad law and order, 16 project Displacement by development 0 Acquisition of own house/ ﬂ 1 14Housing problems Health care retirement Post 1 38Marriage Migration of parent/earning member the 0family 52Other No reason all 19 2per 1000 distribution of migrants Estimated number of migrants (00) 70sample no. of migrants 1 2 0 0 1 4 11 9744 2 931 5 2824 1303 789 365 91 34 16081 x x Table 5.12: Distribution (per 1000) of migrants by reason for migration each location last residence household socia Table

152 Table 5.13: Average household consumer expenditure (Rs.) during the last 365 days (Proportion of households (per 1000) receiving remi ance and average amount of remi ance received per households for each household social group) Type of estimate Household social group ST SC OBC Others All (incl. n.r.) Rural average household consumer expenditure during last 365 days 30446 31990 38045 45770 37735 per household (Rs) average household consumer expenditure during last 365 per 34949 33560 41471 47843 41466 household receiving remi ance (Rs) proportion of household receiving remi ance per 1000 50 95 124 130 111 households average amount (Rs.) of remi ance received during last 365 714 1424 2654 3187 2297 days per household average amount (Rs.) of remi ance received during last 365 14271 15052 21343 24611 20737 days per household reporting receipt of remi ance Urban average household consumer expenditure during last 365 days per 53386 48970 56302 78887 65405 household (Rs) average household consumer expenditure during last 365 per 74459 52090 66120 97603 79556 household receiving remi ance (Rs) proportion of household receiving remi ance per 1000 35 28 53 47 46 households average amount (Rs.) of remi ance received during last 365 1157 695 2004 2508 2017 days per household average amount (Rs.) of remi ance received during last 365 32792 24554 37502 53466 43589 days per household reporting receipt of remi ance Source: NSS Report No. 533: Migration in India, NSS 64th Round (July 2007 – June 2008) , MOSPI

153 Table 5.14: Total No. of ST Swarojgaris Assisted under SGSY

S. No State 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09

1 Andhra Pradesh 63400 34924 19494 2 Arunachal Pradesh 1874 1699 836 3 Assam 18915 20174 25000 4 Bihar 1865 1064 3049 5 Chha isgarh 15230 18340 18302 6 Goa 219 156 235 7 Gujarat 9024 13038 16091 8 Haryana 00 0 9 Himachal Pradesh 440 608 823 10 Jammu & Kashmir 785 1192 882 11 Jharkhand 31813 33702 32728 12 Karnataka 5383 11059 12068 13 Kerala 970 1574 1457 14 Madhya Pradesh 18490 24507 30743 15 Maharashtra 20540 26958 34384 16 Manipur 377 207 821 17 Meghalaya 3328 3309 1677 18 Mizoram 8606 5763 8788 19 Nagaland 3253 2294 3205 20 Orissa 20411 24838 30256 21 Punjab 00 0 22 Rajasthan 9676 13478 17860 23 Sikkim 702 898 754 24 Tamil Nadu 1390 3704 3107 25 Tripura 2796 4013 6878 26 U ar Pradesh 1049 2120 1373 27 U arakhand 607 844 796 28 West Bengal 2079 1243 2731 29 A & N Islands 6 0 263 30 D & N Haveli 21 0 24 31 Daman & Diu 00 0 32 Lakshadweep 42 177 0 33 Puducherry 00 0 Total 241291 251783 274530 Source: Ministry of Rural Development

154 Table 5.15: State-wise number of person-days of wage employment generated for the STs during the years 2006-07, 2007-08 & 2008-09, under NREGA

Sl.No. State 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 Total STs Total STs Total STs 1 Andhra Pradesh 678.77 88.31 2010.28 257.18 2735.45 354.36 2 Arunachal Pradesh 4.53 4.53 2.79 1.85 25.71 19.69 3 Assam 572.92 265.05 487.61 190.76 751.07 258.78 4 Bihar 596.87 19.13 843.03 21.02 991.75 26.33 5 Chha isgarh 700.21 318.98 1316.11 544.77 1243.18 513.65 6 Goa 100.48 64.57 90.06 59.37 213.07 107.73 7 Gujarat 24.12 0 35.76 0 69.11 0.00 8 Haryana 29.9 6.7 97.53 10.76 205.28 15.99 9 Himachal Pradesh 32.3 7.5 36.8 9.62 78.80 21.61 10 Jammu & Kashmir 520.47 209.7 747.54 311.36 749.97 299.74 11 Jharkhand 222.01 45.18 197.78 37.94 287.64 39.91 12 Karnataka 20.48 2.54 60.75 10.26 153.75 14.23 13 Kerala 1971.77 959.05 2753.01 1342.46 2946.97 1379.55 14 Madhya Pradesh 159.28 65.12 184.86 71.16 419.85 185.44 15 Maharashtra 18.57 18.57 48.32 48.04 285.62 208.25 16 Manipur 24.22 20.14 41.33 36.4 86.31 81.75 17 Meghalaya 7.85 7.85 31.53 31.53 125.82 125.76 18 Mizoram 13.08 13.08 24.31 24.31 202.70 202.7 19 Nagaland 799.34 393.87 405.23 160.66 403.75 142.70 20 Orissa 15.57 0 19.15 0 39.89 0.00 21 Punjab 998.87 642.9 1678.38 778.6 4829.55 1122.52 22 Rajasthan 2.42 2.38 8.6 3.66 26.34 11.63 23 Sikkim 182.79 4.34 645.25 16.99 1203.59 20.93 24 Tamil Nadu 50.13 31.17 181.05 75.95 351.12 158.68 25 Tripura 822.91 25.62 1363.05 25.21 2278.39 41.57 26 U ar Pradesh 40.6 0.57 80.34 3.49 104.33 5.37 27 U arakhand 440.08 81.88 968.77 133.7 786.61 116.53 28 West Bengal 1 0.10 29 A & N Islands 0.48 0.48 30 D & N Haveli 0.00 0.00 31 Daman & Diu 0.00 0.00 32 Lakshadweep 1.82 1.81 33 Puducherry 1.64 0.00 34 Chandigarh 0.00 0.00 Total 9050.54 3298.73 14359.22 4207.05 21600.57 5477.77 Source: Ministry of Rural Development

155 Table 5.16: Representation in General Services

Group 1994 1999 2005 All STs % of All All STs % of All All STs % of All A 59016 1727 2.92 93520 3172 3.39 80589 3448 4.3 B 103198 2902 2.81 104963 3512 2.35 139958 6230 4.5 C 2381613 128228 5.38 2396426 145482 6.07 2036103 131678 6.5 D 1023285 62945 6.15 949353 66487 7.00 767224 53032 6.9 Total 3567112 195802 5.49 3544262 218653 6.17 3023874 194388 6.43 Source: 11th 5 Year Plan, pg. 114

156 SECTION-6

Land, Houses, Household Amenities and Assets of Scheduled Tribes

Table 6.1: Land: Number and Area of Holding according to Size for Scheduled Tribes

Gender: Male/ Female/ Total Number in ’00 Units Area in ‘00 Hectares S.No Size of holding Gender Individual Holdings Joint Holdings Total holdings (in ha) Number Area Number Area Number Area

Male 23426 6622 1694 404 25119 7026 1 Below 0.5 Female 2859 757 173 43 3032 800 Total 26284 7379 1867 447 28151 7826

Male 19482 14267 1261 922 20742 15189 2 0.5 - 1.0 Female 2142 1558 142 106 2284 1664 Total 21624 15826 1403 1028 23026 16853

Male 22271 30951 1732 2507 24003 33458 3 1.0 - 2.0 Female 2288 3167 207 300 2495 3467 Total 24559 34119 1939 2806 26499 36925

Male 9696 22730 1019 2485 10715 25214 4 2.0 - 3.0 Female 938 2171 115 278 1053 2449 Total 10634 24901 1134 2763 11768 27663

Male 4187 14180 599 2064 4786 16244 5 3.0 - 4.0 Female 381 1280 66 228 447 1508 Total 4567 15460 665 2292 5232 17752

Male 2384 10421 382 1697 2766 12119 6 4.0 - 5.0 Female 206 897 40 180 246 1076 Total 2590 11318 422 1877 3012 13195

Male 2628 15691 460 2775 3088 18466 7 5.0 - 7.5 Female 209 1241 46 280 256 1522 Total 2837 16932 506 3055 3343 19988

Male 1002 8440 185 1573 1187 10013 8 7.5 - 10.0 Female 74 624 17 149 92 773 Total 1076 9064 202 1722 1278 10786

Male 723 9283 161 2115 885 11398 9 10.0 - 20.0 Female 53 665 13 170 66 835 Total 776 9948 174 2285 951 12233

Male 121 4394 39 1339 160 5734 10 20.0 & ABOVE Female 8 253 2 88 10 341 Total 129 4647 42 1427 171 6074

Male 85919 136979 7531 17880 93451 154859 11 ALL CLASSES Female 9158 12614 823 1822 9981 14436 Total 95077 149593 8354 19701 103431 169295

Source: Agricultural Census, 2005-06, Department of Agriculture and Co-operation

157 able Unclassiﬁ Temporary Total Serviceable Non-serviceable Condition of census houses Source: Tables on Houses, Household Amenities and Assets for Scheduled Tribes, Series 1, Census of India 2001 on Houses, Household Amenities and Assets for Scheduled Tribes, Tables Source: Source: Tables on Houses, Household Amenities and Assets for Scheduled Tribes, Series 1, Census of India 2001 on Houses, Household Amenities and Assets for Scheduled Tribes, Tables Source: Permanent Semi-permanent Table 6.3: Distribution of Scheduled Tribe Households by type of Census Houses occupied 6.3: Distribution of Scheduled Tribe Table households Total number of Total Table 6.2: Distribution of Scheduled Tribe Households By The Condition Of Census H0uses Occupied Them 6.2: Distribution of Scheduled Tribe Table Total Good Livable Dilapidated Total Good Livable Dilapidated Good Total Livable Dilapidated Total Residenceuse Residence-cum-other TotalRural 18214738Urban 6526509 15886206 10622475 5374543 2328532 9579640 1151966 1065754 1042835 932023 17122580 6194756 133731 14843655 9900878 5066835 2278925 1026946 8881451 1127921 1019427 1092158 895369 331753 131577 1042551 721597 307708 49607 38808 698189 24045 36654 23408 2154 TotalRuralUrban 18214738 15886206 2328532 4443897 3003103 1440794 9363065 8701521 661544 4401722 4177713 224009 2663156 2544492 118664 1738566 1633221 105345 6054 3869 2185

158 River, CanalRiver, Spring Any other Lake Tank, Pond, Tank, : Tables on Houses, Household Amenities and Assets for Scheduled Tribes, Series 1, Census of India 2001 on Houses, Household Amenities and Assets for Scheduled Tribes, : Tables Tube-well Well Source pump Hand- Tap 831549405435 457910 143133 178547 83278 41389 33921 98974 76918 7308 7870 7379 8723 24064 22442 15978 29150 2767827 14496275141517 503058 4372981676279 115093 14749369473845 5929674736082 671663 345145 1305075 414349 2941652328532 1792981 4367680 183171091548 1391658 76734 568286 1457703 129837 856660 311224 570231 350534 2607634 0 1716063 88709 352393 113669 15444 94428 121967 38359 277324 436607 0 217064 101432 0 172320 18051 343670 10069 244040 2873 414165 16102 0 69638 143170 0 46506 6554 48643 0 3515 18214738 364991010305394 6524221 176298515886206 1069913 4546227 5171252 2192207 609675 6173687 249890 2706608 956244 101736 576836 4893928 224443 231839 704711 268005 268104 560734 85616 658205 219362 Total number Total of households Table 6.4: Distribution of Scheduled Tribe Households by source of Drinking Water and its Location Households by source of Drinking Water 6.4: Distribution of Scheduled Tribe Table INDIA Total premises Within Near premises Away RURAL Total premises Within Near premises Away URBAN Total premises Within Near premises Away Source of drinking water Location

159 of No drainage drainage Kerosene LPG Electricity Biogas Any other No cooking Type of fuel used for cooking Type : Tables on Houses, Household Amenities and Assets for Scheduled Tribes, Series 1, Census of India 2001 on Houses, Household Amenities and Assets for Scheduled Tribes, : Tables Coal, Lignite, Charcoal Source: Tables on Houses, Household Amenities and Assets for Scheduled Tribes, Series 1, Census of India 2001 on Houses, Household Amenities and Assets for Scheduled Tribes, Tables Source: Type of latrine within the houseType of connectivity for waste water outlet Type Source cake Cow dung Pit latrine closet Water Other latrine No latrine Closed drainage Open Drainage Connectivity for Waste Water Outlet Water Drainage Connectivity for Waste residue house Firewood Crop having bathroom facility within the Number of households Total Total number of households 2328532 1305562 358002 714678 271554 984298 595087 944256 789189 1821473815886206 2749101 1443539 1468265 1110263 1020513 305835 615101 343547 15110859 14126561 819915 224828 3154582 2210326 14240241 13451052 Total number Total of households Table 6.6: Distribution of Scheduled Tribe Households by Availability of Separate Kitchen and Type of Fuel used for Cooking of Separate Kitchen and Type Households by Availability 6.6: Distribution of Scheduled Tribe Table Table 6.5: Distribution of Scheduled Tribe households by Availability of Bathroom & Type of Latrine Within the House and Type the House and Type of Latrine Within of Bathroom & Type households by Availability 6.5: Distribution of Scheduled Tribe Table Availability of Availability separate kitchen within the house Rural Urban Total INDIA TotalAvailableNot availableCooking in open 11753564 18214738 4702954No cooking 1718360RURAL 14356114 9379003 3634503 1342608Total 1238285 523883 39860 536916Available 177486 576496 277144Not available 186550 112802Cooking in open 0 250071 10103292 15886206 141988 4176964No cooking 1578761 79192 28891URBAN 13571866 8918845 3399598 601779 1253423 429353Total 1171049 0 495929 154369 27189 503575 18057 171545Available 544702 979315 263182 895365Not available 174763 106757 73838 0 10112 0Cooking in open 91707 31597 54831 26084 1650272 2328532 525990 25360No cooking 11516 139599 4287 1226 25273 460158 784248 106954 21900 234905 0 0 82726 89185 20232 3996 12671 27954 67236 2739 115948 228934 33341 634 58844 5941 204806 19689 0 13962 31794 30560 39860 11787 4439 0 16161 0 26544 6045 11581 0 158364 87157 3510 53832 18133 1070 0 0 15529 0 17375 0 494825 0 346627 109511 2071 134137 533 55863 14061 750381 0 690559 27189 28166 0 54149 0 25482 15436 0 14503 5673 777 0 0 0 7140 0 0 6371 156 668 6437 2981 0 0 101 2394 12671 0 1062 39860 0 0 0 0 0 0 27189 0 0 12671

160 ed assets ed Asset ed Car, Jeep, VanCar, None of the speciﬁ cycle, moped Availability of assets Availability Source of lighting Source: Tables on Houses, Household Amenities and Assets for Scheduled Tribes, Series 1, Census of India 2001 on Houses, Household Amenities and Assets for Scheduled Tribes, Tables Source: Source : Tables on Houses, Household Amenities and Assets for Scheduled Tribes, Series 1, Census of India 2001 on Houses, Household Amenities and Assets for Scheduled Tribes, : Tables Source Television Telephone Bicycle motor, Scooter, Radio, Transistor Electricity Kerosene energy Solar Other oil Any other No lighting availing Table 6.8: Distribution of Scheduled Tribe Households by Source of Lighting 6.8: Distribution of Scheduled Tribe Table Total number Total of households banking services households Total Total Total number of Total number of households Table 6.7: Number of Scheduled Tribe Households Availing Banking Services and possessing Speciﬁ Households Availing 6.7: Number of Scheduled Tribe Table TotalRuralUrban 18214738 15886206 2328532 3492000 2582480 3964794 909520 3085880 2197372 878914 1043364 457340 1154008 170742 5833878 286598 4937127 751776 896751 400369 162655 351407 90825 71830 9841158 9152432 688726 Total/Rural/ Urban INDIA TotalRuralUrban 18214738 15886206 2328532 6650372 4831008 1819364 11267978 10793643 474335 57150 50378 6772 26364 23247 3117 75420 70065 5355 137454 117865 19589

161 Table 6.9: Distribution (per 1000) of households by major sources (most used) of drinking water during last 365 days Major source (most o en used) of Household social group drinking water ST SC OBC Others All (inc. n. r) Rural

Bo led water 2 5 6 6 5 Tap 185 301 326 310 301 Tube well/hand pump 561 589 516 556 547 Protected well 75 34 59 57 55 Unprotected well 120 49 68 40 63 All well (Protected and Unprotected) 195 83 127 97 118 Tank/pond (reserved for drinking) 7 7 9 6 8 Other Tank/pond 4 2 3 4 3 River/canal/lake 17 5 6 4 7 Spring 27 3 2 11 7 Harvested rainwater 0 1 1 1 1 Others 1 4 4 3 3 Urban

Bo led water 30 11 26 32 27 Tap 685 698 716 784 743 Tube well/hand pump 204 232 187 144 175 Protected well 25 14 29 16 21 Unprotected well 28 14 18 6 12 All well (Protected and Unprotected) 53 28 47 22 33 Tank/pond (reserved for drinking) 5 1 3 1 2 Other Tank/pond 2 0 1 0 1 River/canal/lake 2 1 1 0 0 Spring 9 0 0 0 1 Harvested rainwater 4 0 0 0 0 Others 6 29 20 16 19 Rural + Urban

Bo led water 5 6 11 17 12 Tap 240 385 433 516 431 Tube well/hand pump 522 514 425 377 437 Protected well 69 30 51 39 45 Unprotected well 110 41 54 25 48 All well (Protected and Unprotected) 179 71 105 64 93 Tank/pond (reserved for drinking) 7 6 7 4 6 Other Tank/pond 4 2 3 3 3 River/canal/lake 16 4 5 2 5 Spring 25 3 2 7 5 Harvested rainwater 1 1 1 0 1 Others 1 9 8 9 8 All (incl.n.r.) 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Source: NSS Report No.535: Housing Condition and Amenities in India: July, 2008-June, 2009

162 Table 6.10: State-wise number of Houses completed and allo ed/ House Sanctioned for the STs during the years 2006-07, 2007-08, 2008-09 under Indira Awaas Yojana (IAY)

2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 Sl.No. State Houses completed during Houses completed and Houses sanctioned during the year allo ed during the year the year

1 Andhra Pradesh 27412 47591 46272 2 Arunachal Pradesh 4600 6422 8945 3 Assam 41541 49251 63750 4 Bihar 13236 13374 26242 5 Chha isgarh 9579 12774 14340 6 Gujarat 29736 57508 68123 7 Haryana 0 0 0 8 Himachal Pradesh 193 317 671 9 Jammu & Kashmir 3581 6038 7895 10 Jharkhand 26007 18274 32973 11 Karnataka 8428 6113 22705 12 Kerala 1079 1807 4794 13 Madhya Pradesh 20640 22247 32615 14 Maharashtra 22778 32400 49784 15 Manipur 2229 2207 1520 16 Meghalaya 4183 2271 8422

17 Mizoram 1778 1918 5031 18 Nagaland 6321 7491 28799 19 Orissa 23221 36003 28715 20 Punjab 0 0 0 21 Rajasthan 7234 7725 14570 22 Sikkim 478 425 851 23 Tamil Nadu 581 2420 6969 24 Tripura 4485 5810 8205 25 U ar Pradesh 464 846 780 26 U arakhand 1614 1765 1239 27 West Bengal 18252 16572 81837 28 A & N Islands 0 0 0 29 D & N Haveli 76 121 12 30 Daman & Diu 5 6 0 31 Goa 275 102 136 32 Lakshadweep 88 97 105 33 Puducherry 0 0 0 Total (All India) 280094 359895 566300

Source : Ministry of Rural Development

163 SECTION-7

Poverty among Scheduled Tribes

Table 7.1: State-wise Percentage of Scheduled Tribes Population below Poverty Line for 1993-94 and 1999-2000

Rural Urban S.No. States 1993-94 1999-2000 1993-94 1999-2000

1 Andhra Pradesh 25.66 23.82 46.68 44.99 2 Assam 41.44 38.73 7.11 2.70 3 Bihar 69.75 59.68 35.76 39.47 4 Gujarat 31.20 29.11 35.47 36.66 5 Haryana 41.55 - 0.00 - 6 Himachal Pradesh 63.94 5.73 0.00 - 7 Karnataka 37.33 25.49 62.05 51.37 8 Kerala 37.34 24.20 1.08 - 9 Madhya Pradesh 56.69 56.26 65.28 52.59 10 Maharashtra 50.38 43.56 61.06 42.98 11 Orissa 71.26 73.93 64.85 59.59 12 Punjab 27.00 17.99 0.00 12.95 13 Rajasthan 46.23 25.27 13.21 20.71 14 Tamil Nadu 44.37 43.20 30.08 5.22 15 U ar Pradesh 37.11 34.06 36.89 13.27 16 West Bengal 61.95 50.02 19.41 31.88 17 All India 51.94 45.86 41.14 34.75 (i) The Poverty Line for all population is used for ST’s. (ii) All India poverty ratio is worked out from the NSS distribution of persons and (implicit) all-India poverty line. Source: Planning Commission

Table 7.2: Decrease in Percentage of ST Population living below poverty line from 1993-94 to 2004-05

1993-94 2004-05 Percentage Decrease Category (1993-94 to 2004-05) Rural Urban Rural Urban Rural Urban

All* 37.30 32.40 28.30 25.70 (-) 9.00 (-) 6.70

SC 48.11 49.48 36.80 39.90 (-)11.31 (-) 9.50

ST 51.94 41.14 47.30 33.30 (-)4.64 (-) 7.84

GAP (STs-All) 14.64 9.76 19.00 7.60 (+)4.36 (-) 2.16

* Includes ST population

Source: Planning Commission

164 Table 7.3 : State-wise Percentage of population Below Poverty Line (social groups wise) -2004-05

S.No States Rural Urban

ST SC OBC Others ST SC OBC Others

1 Andhra Pradesh 30.5 15.4 9.5 4.1 50.0 39.9 28.9 20.6 2 Assam 14.1 27.7 18.8 25.4 4.8 8.6 8.6 4.2 3 Bihar 53.3 64 37.8 26.6 57.2 67.2 41.4 18.3 4 Chha isgarh 54.7 32.7 33.9 29.2 41.0 52.0 52.7 21.4 5 Delhi 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.6 9.4 35.8 18.3 6.4 6 Gujarat 34.7 21.8 19.1 4.8 21.4 16.0 22.9 7.0

7 Haryana 0.0 26.8 13.9 4.2 4.6 33.4 22.5 5.9 8 Himachal Pradesh 14.9 19.6 9.1 6.4 2.4 5.6 10.1 2.0 9 Jammu & Kashmir 8.8 5.2 10.0 3.3 0.0 13.7 4.8 7.8 10 Jharkhand 54.2 57.9 40.2 37.1 45.1 47.2 19.1 9.2 11 Karnataka 23.5 31.8 20.9 13.8 58.3 50.6 39.1 20.3 12 Kerala 44.3 21.6 13.7 6.6 19.2 32.5 24.3 7.8 13 Madhya Pradesh 58.6 42.8 29.6 13.4 44.7 67.3 55.5 20.8 14 Maharashtra 56.6 44.8 23.9 18.9 40.4 43.2 35.6 26.8 15 Orissa 75.6 50.2 36.9 23.4 61.8 72.6 50.2 28.9 16 Punjab 30.7 14.6 10.6 2.2 2.1 16.1 8.4 2.9 17 Rajasthan 32.6 28.7 13.1 8.2 24.1 52.1 35.6 20.7 18 Tamil Nadu 32.1 31.2 19.8 19.1 32.5 40.2 20.9 6.5 19 U ar Pradesh 32.4 44.8 32.9 19.7 37.4 44.9 36.6 19.2 20 U arakhand 43.2 54.2 44.8 33.5 64.4 65.7 46.5 25.5 21 West Bengal 42.4 29.5 18.3 27.5 25.7 28.5 10.4 13.0 All India 47.3 36.8 26.7 16.1 33.3 39.9 31.4 16.0

Legend SC = Scheduled Castes, ST = Scheduled Tribes, OBC = Other backward classes Source: Planning Commission

Table 7.4 : Incidence of Poverty among STs in Diﬀ erent States

Incidence of Poverty (%) States

Extremely High (> 50) Orissa, Jharkhand, M.P. (Including Chha isgarh)

High (35 to 50) W.Bengal, Maharashtra, Assam, U.P (Including U arakhand)

Moderate (20 to 30) Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Karnataka, Rajasthan

Low (< 20) North- Eastern States

Source: NSSO ,55th round , 1999-2000

165 Table 7.5: Social class wise poverty among Diﬀ erent Land size groups in Rural Areas. (1999-2000)

Land size ST SC OBC Others Total

Landless 40.39 36.14 27.36 17.23 28.62 0-0.4 hectares 48.85 37.28 30.70 21.85 31.44 0.4-1 hectares 47.78 34.18 24.82 15.13 26.42 1-2 hectares 38.84 31.25 21.68 12.52 22.16 2-4 hectares 39.62 25.00 16.28 7.80 16.95 >4 hectares 34.85 17.26 10.74 4.79 10.55 Total 44.45 35.48 25.74 15.90 26.56 Source: NSS, 55th Round, MOSPI

166 SECTION-8

Women Empowerment and Domestic Violence

A. Women Empowerment

Table: 8.1: Control over women’s cash earnings and relative magnitude of women’s cash earnings: Women’s reports : (Percent distributed of currently married women age 15-49 who received cash earnings for employment in the 12 months preceding the survey by person who decides how cash earnings are used and by whether women earned more or less than their husband, according to background characteristics, India, 2005-06

Background Person who decides how women’s Total Women’s cash earnings compared with Total Number characteristics cash earning are used: their husband’s cash earnings: of women Mainly wife and Wife husband Mainly husband Other Missing More Less About the same Husband has no earnings Don’t know missing

Caste/tribe Scheduled 25.2 56.3 14.9 2.5 1.1 100.0 9.8 76.3 9.2 2.1 2.7 100 6287 caste Scheduled 17.1 59.0 19.4 3.3 1.2 100.0 9.8 73.3 11.7 2.0 3.3 100 3146 tribe Other 22.7 57.2 15.2 3.2 1.7 100.0 9.4 72.9 11.0 2.3 4.5 100 10083 backward class

Other 30.6 54.4 11.1 2.4 1.5 100.0 11.4 72.8 10.0 2.6 3.1 100 5800 Don’t know 30.7 43.3 22.5 2.7 0.8 100.0 13.9 77.8 6.6 1.0 0.8 100 169 Total 24.4 56.5 14.8 2.9 1.4 100.0 10.0 73.7 10.4 2.3 3.6 100 25601 Note: Total includes women with missing information on education, religion, and caste/ tribe, who are not shown separately. Source: NFHS-3, 2005-06, M/o H&FW, GOI

Table: 8.2: Control over women’s cash earnings and relative magnitude of women’s cash earnings: Men’s reports : Percent distributed of currently married men age 15-49 whose wives are employed and receive cash earnings for employment in the 12 months preceding the survey by person who decides how cash earnings are used and by whether women earned more or less than their husband, according to background characteristics, India, 2005-06

Background Person who decides how women’s Total Women’s cash earnings compared with their Total characteristics cash earning are used: husband’s cash earnings: Mainly wife and Wife husband Mainly husband Other More Less About the same Husband has no earnings Don’t know missing Number of women

Caste/tribe Scheduled caste 20.2 60.4 18.4 1.0 100.0 9.8 73.2 11.1 4.4 1.5 100.0 1834 Scheduled tribe 14.8 69.8 14.9 0.5 100.0 6.5 59.9 16.5 16.0 1.1 100.0 1306 Other backward class 19.6 64.9 14.5 1.0 100.0 10.5 65.6 13.2 8.3 2.4 100.0 3127 Other 24.2 59.5 16.2 0.1 100.0 11.8 65.5 14.4 5.9 2.4 100.0 2011 Total 20.1 63.4 15.9 0.7 100.0 10.0 66.2 13.7 8.1 2.0 100.0 8345 Note: Total includes women with missing information on education, religion, and caste/ tribe, who are not shown separately. Source: NFHS-3, 2005-06, M/o H&FW, GOI 167 Table 8.3: Women’s participation in decision making : (Percentage of currently married women age 15-49 who usually make speciﬁ c decisions either by themselves or jointly with their husband, by background characteristics, India, 2005-06) Background Percentage of women who usually make speciﬁ c Percentage Percentage Number of characteristics decisions alone or jointly who who women participate participate in all four in none of decisions the four

care decisions needs major relative Making Making for daily family or purchases purchases household household Own health Visits to her Visits

Caste/tribe Scheduled caste 63 53.1 61.2 60.3 36.6 19 17372 Scheduled tribe 59.9 54.8 62.3 62.9 37.5 20 7632 Other backward class 59.7 51.5 58.5 58.5 35.4 23 37198 Other 65.7 54.1 60.9 62.6 38.3 18.2 30131 Don’t know 44.2 39.1 50 45.1 22.9 32.2 462 Total 62.2 52.9 60.1 60.5 36.7 20.5 93089 Note: Total includes women with missing information on education, husband education, employment (past months), religion, and caste/ tribe, who are not shown separately Source: NFHS-3, 2005-06, M/o H&FW, GOI

Table 8.4: Men’s a itude toward wives’ participation in decision making (Percentage of currently married men age 15-49 who think a wife should have an equal or greater say than her husband on fi ve specifi c kinds of decisions, India, 2005-06 Background Percentage of men who say that wives should have an equal or greater say than their husband Number characteristics on specifi c decision of men

Making Making Visits to What to do How All ﬁ ve None of major purchases her family with the many decisions the ﬁ ve household for daily or relatives money the children decisions purchases household wife earns to have needs

Caste/tribe

Scheduled caste 72.4 73.9 70.5 82.5 88.5 46.8 4.0 8343 Scheduled tribe 69.2 73.3 73.7 82.4 88.1 47.9 4.4 3948 Other backward 71.7 77.9 73.3 85.5 90.8 48.5 3.1 17202 class Other 76.3 77.4 73.6 83.8 90.4 53.4 3.8 13760 Don’t know 69.6 72.1 73.2 79.6 92.0 45.2 4.3 111 Total 73.1 76.5 72.9 84.0 90.0 49.7 3.6 43501 Note: Total includes women with missing information on education, employment (past months), religion, and caste/ tribe, who are not shown separately. Source: NFHS-3, 2005-06, M/o H&FW, GOI

168 Table 8.5: Women’s access to money and credit ( Percentage of women who have access to money, who know of a micro-credit programme and who have ever taken a loan from a microcredit programme by background characteristics, India,2005-06)

Background Women’s access to money Women’s knowledge and use of Number of characteristics microcredit programme women

Percentage who Percentage who have Percentage Percentage who have money that a bank or savings who know of have taken a loan they can decide account that they a microcredit from a microcredit how to use themselves use programme programme

Caste/tribe Scheduled caste 43.1 11.6 38.1 4.7 23125 Scheduled tribe 38.2 9.0 30.1 3.1 10119 Other backward class 45.6 13.3 38.5 4.8 48880 Other 45.8 20.5 41.0 3.0 41207 Don’t know 54.1 19.6 46.6 10.4 649 Total 44.6 15.0 38.6 2.8 124385 Note: Total includes women with missing information on education, employment (past months), religion, and caste/ tribe, who are not shown separately. Source: NFHS-3, 2005-06, M/o H&FW, GOI

Table 8.6: Women’s freedom of movement :Percentage of women who are not allowed to go alone to speciﬁ c places and percentage who are not allowed to go at all (alone or with someone else) to any of the speciﬁ c places, by background characteristics, India, 2005-06

Background Percentage allowed to go alone to: Percentage not Number of characteristics The The health Places outside the All three allowed to go to any women market facility village/ community places of three places at all Caste/tribe

Scheduled caste 53.2 49.4 38.7 34.7 3.5 23125 Scheduled tribe 49.1 42.6 34.8 30.3 3 10119 Other backward class 49.5 45.1 35.5 31.5 3.6 48880 Other 53.6 51 40.5 35.9 3.9 41207 Don’t know 42.2 46 36.6 28.5 2.6 649 Total 51.4 47.7 29.8 33.4 3.6 124385 Note: Total includes women with missing information on education, employment (past months), religion, and caste/ tribe, who are not shown separately. Source: NFHS-3, 2005-06, M/o H&FW, GOI

169 B. Domestic Violence

Table: 8.7:Experience of physical violence :Percentage of women age 15-49 who have ever experienced physical violence since age 15 and percentage who have experienced physical violence during the 12 months preceding the survey) India, 2005-06

Background characteristics Percentage who have Percentage who have experienced physical violence Number of ever experienced in the past 12 months women physical violence since age 15 OV en Sometimes OV en or sometimes Caste/tribe

Scheduled caste 41.7 4.9 19 23.9 15609 Scheduled tribe 39.3 5.5 19 24.5 6866 Other backward class 34.1 4 15.1 19 32938 Other 26.8 3.1 11.4 14.5 27582 Don’t know 28.5 1.6 15.5 17.2 466 Total 33.5 4 15 18.9 83703 Note: Total includes women with missing information on education, employment (past 12 months), religion, and caste/ tribe, who are not shown separately. Source: NFHS-3, 2005-06, M/o H&FW, GOI

Table: 8.8: Experience of sexual violence: Percentage of women age 15-49 who have ever experienced sexual violence, India, 2005-06

Background characteristics Percentage who have ever experienced Number of women sexual violence Caste/tribe

Scheduled caste 11 15609 Scheduled tribe 10.2 6866 Other backward class 7.4 32938 Other 7.8 27582 Don’t know 8.7 466 Total 8.5 83703 Note: Total includes women with missing information on education, employment (past 12 months), religion, and caste/ tribe, who are not shown separately. Source: NFHS-3, 2005-06, M/o H&FW, GOI

170 Table: 8.9: Diﬀ erent forms of Spousal violence (Percentage of ever-married women age 15-49 by whether they have ever experienced emotional, physical, or sexual violence commi ed by their husband, 2005-06

Background characteristics Emotional Physical Sexual Physical Emotional, Number of women violence violence violence or sexual Physical, or violence sexual violence Caste/tribe

Scheduled caste 19 43.3 12.8 45.6 47.9 12701 Scheduled tribe 20.9 41.8 11.4 43.7 47 5562 Other backward class 15.7 36 8.7 37.6 40.4 26438 Other 12.7 27.3 9.6 30 32.3 21393 Don’t know 14.3 28.9 10.8 29.9 31.7 375 Total 15.8 35.1 10 37.2 39.7 66658 Note: Husband refers to the current husband for currently married women and the most recent husband for widowed, divorced separated or deserted women. Total includes women with missing information on education employment (past 12 months), religion, caste/tribe, and whether respondent’s father beat her mother, who are not shown separately Source: NFHS-3, 2005-06, M/o H&FW, GOI

Table: 8.10: Help seeking to stop violence (Percentage distribution of women age 15-49 who have ever experienced physical or sexual violence by whether they have told anyone about the violence and whether they have ever sought help from any source to end the violence according to type of violence ) 2005-06

Background characteristics Never sought help Have sought Don’t know/ Total Number of women Never told Percentage help from any missing anyone who told source someone Caste/tribe

Scheduled caste 64.8 7 26.1 2 100 6822 Scheduled tribe 65.4 9.5 23.2 1.9 100 2834 Other backward class 65 7.8 24.6 2.5 100 11722 Other 69.2 7.3 20.9 2.6 100 7972 Don’t know 61.2 8.7 25.9 4.2 100 137 Total 66.1 7.7 23.8 2.4 100 29595 Note: Total includes women with missing information on education, employment (past 12 months), religion, and caste/ tribe, who are not shown separately. Source: NFHS-3, 2005-06, M/o H&FW, GOI

171 SECTION-9

Crimes commi ed against ST Men and Women

Table 9.1 Year-wise Comparative Incidence of Crime Against Scheduled Tribe (Figures in percentages)

Crime Head 2005 2006 2007 % variation in 2007 over 2006

Murder 164 195 140 -28.2

Rape 640 699 627 -10.3

Kidnapping & Abduction 72 88 89 1.1 Arson 38 46 54 17.4

Protection of Civil Rights Act 162 49 5 -89.8

SC/ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Act - - - -10.4

Source: Crime in India, NCRB 2007

172 Table 9.2: Incidence & Rate Of Crimes Commi ed Against Scheduled Tribes During 2007

Estimated Rate of Rank as per Percentage Rank as per Mid Year Total Rate of Total State/UT Incidence Contribution To Percentage Population (In Cognizable Cognizable All–India Total Share Lakh)# Crimes Crimes

1 Andhra Pradesh 753 13.6 816.02 0.9 10 3 2 Arunachal Pradesh 32 0.6 11.9 2.7 1 13 3 Assam 49 0.9 296.22 0.2 18 12 4 Bihar 65 1.2 928.32 0.1 19 11 5 Chha isgarh 615 11.1 233.85 2.6 2 4 6 Goa 0 0 15.96 0 - - 7 Gujarat 156 2.8 558.79 0.3 13 9 8 Haryana 0 0 235.3 0 - - 9 Himachal Pradesh 2 0 65.09 0 21 21 10 Jammu & Kashmir 0 0 121.03 0 - - 11 Jharkhand 268 4.8 297.34 0.9 11 6 12 Karnataka 205 3.7 569.82 0.4 12 13 Kerala 88 1.6 340.12 0.3 14 10 14 Madhya Pradesh 1501 27.1 684.55 2.2 4 1 15 Maharashtra 239 4.3 1059.69 0.2 16 7 16 Manipur 1 0 26.05 0 20 25 17 Meghalaya 0 0 25.15 0 - - 18 Mizoram 0 0 9.72 0 - - 19 Nagaland 0 0 21.69 0 - - 20 Orissa 394 7.1 396.21 1 9 5 21 Punjab 0 0 263.89 0 - - 22 Rajasthan 1110 20.1 639.1 1.7 5 2 23 Sikkim 13 0.2 5.89 2.2 3 15 24 Tamil Nadu 17 0.3 660.23 0 22 14 25 Tripura 6 0.1 34.81 0.2 17 16 26 U ar Pradesh 4 0.1 1885.41 0 25 18 27 U arakhand 1 0 94.04 0 23 24 28 West Bengal 5 0.1 871.78 0 24 Total (States) 5524 99.9 11167.97 0.5 29 A&N Islands 1 0 4.05 0.2 15 23 30 Chandigarh 0 0 10.46 0 - - 31 D&N Haveli 3 0.1 2.57 1.2 8 20 32 Daman & Diu 3 0.1 1.84 1.6 6 19 33 Delhi 0 0 167.33 0 - - 34 Lakshadweep 1 0 0.68 1.5 7 22 35 Puducherry 0 0 10.63 0 Total (UTs) 8 0.1 197.56 0 Total (All India) 5532 100 11365.5 0.5 Source: Crime in India, NCRB 2007

173 22.4 16.3 18.4 Contd... Arson (Sec. 435,436,438 IPC) Robbery (Sec. 392- 394,397,398 IPC) ed Against Scheduled Tribes Dacoity (Sec. 395-398 IPC) Kidnapping & Abduction (Sec.363- 369,371-373 IPC) During 2007 Rape (Sec. 376 IPC) IRPIRP I R PIR PI R PIRP Murder(Sec. 302,303 IPC) 12.0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0.065.7 0.0 0 2 0.0 0.2 0.0 2.2 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 125.0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 Estimated Mid Year Population (In Lakhs)# isgarh 237.7 21 0.1 16.4 100 0.4 17.1 6 0.0 6.5 1 0.0 7.1 1 0.0 5.6 4 0.0 8.2 ar Pradesh ar arakhand 1920.5 95.4 0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 State/UT Arunachal Pradesh Himachal Pradesh Jammu & Kashmir Table 9.3: Incidence (I), Rate (R) and Percentage Contribution to All India (P) of Crime Commi Table 1516 Maharashtra17 Manipur18 Meghalaya 1073.519 Mizoram20 Nagaland 1121 26.4 Orissa 25.5 022 Punjab23 0 9.8 8.6 Rajasthan 0 22.024 Sikkim 46 0.0 0.025 Nadu 0 Tamil 400.3 0.0 0.0 026 0.0 Tripura 266.9 0.0 649.9 7.9 027 0.0 U 0 6 0.0 665.8 0.0 7 0 0.0 U 15 6.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 4.7 0.0 0 35.2 0.0 11.7 0.0 0 0.0 1 38 7.5 0.0 0 40 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.1 1 0.0 0.0 3 0.1 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 6.5 0 0.0 2 1.1 0.0 6.8 0.0 2 0.0 0.0 0.8 9 0.0 21.4 0.0 0 8 0 0.3 0.0 0 2 0.3 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0 0.1 0.0 0 0.0 9.7 0 0.0 0.0 8.6 1 0.3 0.0 0.0 5.6 0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.2 0 0.0 8 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 8 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 44.4 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 10.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12 Pradesh Andhra 3 824.64 Assam5 7 Bihar 0.0 Chha 5.5 300.8 37 943.1 0.0 710 6.3 0.0 111 2 5.5 0.012 Jharkhand 0.0 7 0.813 Karnataka14 2.2 0.0 1 Kerala Pradesh Madhya 1.2 301.4 0 0.0 576.0 13 696.8 0.2 0.0 4 0.0 0 3 343.4 0 45 0.0 14.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 3.1 0 1 5 35.2 2.3 18 0.0 0.0 234 0.0 0.0 0.1 6 0 0.3 0.8 0.0 35.7 3.1 0.0 40.0 0.0 2 23 6 1.0 0.0 5 20 0.1 0.0 0.0 4.1 0 0.0 0.0 3.9 1 33.3 21.5 0.0 5.4 1 7 0.0 1 0.0 0.0 1 0.0 5.6 14.3 0.0 0 1 0.0 1.1 0.0 7.1 0.0 7.1 0 2.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 11 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 2.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 67 Goa 16.48 Gujarat9 Haryana 0 0.0 0.0 566.7 238.9 0 5 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.9 0 0.0 26 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.4 0.0 13 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14.0 0.0 3 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 21.4 0.0 0.0 1 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 5.6 0.0 1 0.0 0.0 0 2.0 0.0 0.0

174 Contd... 203.4 1 0.0 0.8 0 0.0 0.0 4 0.0 4.3 0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 11531.3 128 0.0 100.0 585 0.1 100.0 93 0.0 100.0 14 0.0 100.0 18 0.0 100.0 49 0.0 100.0 Total (States)Total 11327.9 127 0.0 99.2 585 0.1 (UTs) Total 100.0 89 (All India) Total 0.0 95.7 14 0.0 100.0 18 0.0 100.0 49 0.0 100 28 Bengal West 2930 A&N Islands31 882.1 Chandigarh32 D&N Haveli 033 4.2 Daman & Diu34 0.0 10.7 Delhi35 2.7 1 Lakshadweep 0.0 1.9 0 Puducherry 0.2 3 0 0.0 0.8 0.7 0.0 0 0.0 172.5 0.0 0 10.8 0.5 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0 1 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 4 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0 4.3 0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

175 Contd... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0 9 0.0 0.2 1 0.1 0.0 1214 2.014 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.3 63 5.299 1.1 0.1 1.8 223 0.4 4 231400 0.8106 0.7 4.1 0.3268 7.2 1.9 0.2 4.8 508 1.3 9.1 750 0.9130 13.4 0.4614 2.3 2.6 11.0 ences Total ed Against Scheduled Tribes ed Against Scheduled Tribes 203 0.4591 7.3 0.8 21.2 1071 1.5 19.2 819 1.3 29.3 1038 1.6 18.6 316 0.4 11.3 Other Oﬀ 66 0.1 6.5 64 0.1 2.3 17 0.0 1.7 172 0.3 16.8 SC/ST Prevention of Atrocities Act (1989) During 2007 1 0.0 16.7 5 0.0 83.3 258 0.3 25.2 Protection of Civil Rights Act (1955) RI PIRPIR IRPIRP I R P Hurt (Sec. 323- 333,335-338 IPC) 649.9 130 0.8 14.9 0 0.0 0.0 12.0 38 3.2 4.4 0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 23 1.9 0.8 Estimated Mid Year Population (In Lakhs)# isgarh 237.7 110 0.5 12.6 0 0.0 0.0 141 0.6 13.8 230 1.0 8.2 ar Pradesh ar 1920.5 0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 9 0.0 0.9 0 0.0 0.0 Table 9.3: Incidence (I), Rate (R) and Percentage Contribution to All India (P) of Crime Commi Table Arunachal Pradesh State/UT 89 Haryana10 Himachal Pradesh11 Jammu & Kashmir 65.7 125.012 Jharkhand 238.913 Karnataka14 Kerala 301.4 Pradesh15 Madhya 0 0 576.016 Maharashtra 696.8 0 0.017 Manipur 0.0 343.418 Meghalaya 0.0 1073.5 0.0 0.0 5019 Mizoram 0.0 16 0 16920 Nagaland 0.2 0 26.4 25.521 0 Orissa 0.0 0.2 0.0 5.7 36 0.0 1822 Punjab 9.8 19.4 1.8 0.0 22.0 0.0 023 Rajasthan 0.1 0.0 0.0 024 Sikkim 0 0.0 4.1 0 0.0 2.1 0 400.3 0 Nadu25 Tamil 0 0.0 0.0 266.9 0 026 Tripura 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 U 0.0 0 665.8 0.0 0.0 104 0.0 0.0 6.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 85 0.0 0.3 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0 35.2 0.0 0 0 10.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 47 2 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 5 48 9.7 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0 0.0 4.6 0.0 0.2 1 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.6 1.7 0.0 0.0 127 0.6 43 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 141 0.0 4.5 0.0 0 1.5 0.0 0 0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13.8 0.0 0.0 0 1 0 216 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 1 0.0 0.1 0 0.0 7.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6 0.1 4 0.0 0.0 9 0.7 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.3 2 34 Assam5 Bihar6 Chha 7 Goa 16.4 300.8 Gujarat 943.1 0 566.7 26 0.0 17 0.1 0.0 3.0 0.0 43 1.9 0 0 0.1 0 0.0 0.0 4.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 54 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 5.3 59 1 24 0.2 0.1 0.0 2.1 0.0 0.9 1 Pradesh Andhra 824.6 123 0.1 14.1

176 0 0.03 0.0 0 0.7 0.00 0.1 0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17 0.0 0.3 10 3.8 0.2 Source: Crime in India,NCRB 2007 Source: arakhand 95.4 0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.00 Total (States)Total 11327.9 873 0.1 100.0 (UTs)Total 6 (All India)Total 11531.3 0.0 203.4 100.0 1018 873 0.1 0 0.1 99.6 100.0 0.0 2790 6 0.2 0.0 0.0 99.9 0 100.0 5569 0.0 1022 0.5 0.1 0.0 100.0 99.8 4 2794 0.2 0.0 100.0 0.4 5582 4 0.5 0.0 100.0 0.1 13 0.1 0.2 27 U 28 Bengal West 2930 A&N Islands 882.131 Chandigarh32 D&N Haveli 4.233 Daman & Diu 10.734 Delhi 2.7 1 1.935 Lakshadweep 0.0 Puducherry 0 0.7 0.1 0 172.5 0.0 10.8 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0 5 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 2 0.0 0 0.5 0 0.0 0 0.0 0.5 0.0 2 7 0.0 0.0 0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.2 0.3 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 4 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

177 Table 9.4: Disposal of Cases by Police for Crimes Commi ed Against Scheduled Tribes During 2007

Crime Head Total No. Cases No. Of Cases in which No. Of Cases of cases for Withdrawn Investigation Completed Pending investigation By Govt. Investigation Investigation Charge Final Charge Total including at the end of Refused Found False Report Sheets pending the year / Mistake True Sub- cases from Of Fact Sub- mi ed previous Or Law Etc. mi ed years

MURDER (Sec. 302,303 IPC) 216 0 0 30 4 140 174 42

RAPE 807 0 0 49 13 587 649 158 (Sec.376 IPC) KIDNAPPING & ABDUCTION 133 0 0 11 10 69 90 43 (Sec. 363-369, 371- 373 IPC) DACOITY 20 0 0 5 1 6 12 8 (Sec.395-398 IPC) ROBBERY (392-394, 397,398 39 0 0 5 5 20 30 9 IPC) ARSON (Sec.435, 436, 438 70 0 0 21 13 26 60 10 IPC) HURT (Sec.323-333, 335- 1011 0 2 108 30 647 785 224 338 IPC) PCR ACT, 1955 37 0 0 20 4 2 26 11 FOR STs SC/ST PREV. OF ATROCITIES 1717 0 1 247 21 855 1123 593 ACT, 1989 FOR STs OTHER CRIMES 3161 0 0 709 52 1877 2638 523 AGAINST STs TOTAL 7211 0 3 1205 153 4229 5587 1621

178 Table 9.5: Disposal Of Cases By Courts For Crimes Commi ed Against Scheduled Tribes During 2007

Sl. Crime Head Total No. Cases Compounded No. Of Cases No. For Cases Withdrawn Or In Which Trials Completed Pending For Trial By Govt. Withdrawn Convicted Acqui ed Total Trial at Including Or (Convicted) the end Pending Cases Discharged + (Acqui ed of the from previous Or year year Discharged)

1 MURDER 635 0 0 55 69 124 511 (Sec. 302,303 IPC) 2 RAPE 2190 0 22 176 404 580 1588 (Sec.376 IPC) 3 KIDNAPPING & ABDUCTION 270 0 0 17 35 52 218 (Sec. 363-369, 371-373 IPC) 4 DACOITY 25 0 0 0 3 3 22 (Sec..395-398 IPC) 5 ROBBERY (Sec. 392-394, 397,398 70 0 0 9 11 20 50 IPC) 6 ARSON 162 0 0 12 23 35 127 (Sec.435, 436, 438 IPC) 7 HURT (Sec.323-333, 335-338 2804 0 59 158 492 650 2095 IPC) 8 PCR ACT, 1955 FOR 147 0 0 7 31 38 109 STs 9 SC/ST PREV. OF ATROCITIES ACT, 5420 0 19 290 828 1118 4283 1989 FOR STs 10 OTHER CRIMES 8462 0 134 578 1297 1875 6453 AGAINST STs TOTAL 20185 0 234 1302 3193 4495 15456

179 Contd... (col8)x100} Conviction Rate {(col6)/ Of Total India To All To Pendency Percentage Percentage year end of the Trial at the at the Trial Total Total {(6)+(7)} ed Or Discharged No. Of Cases Pendency ed Against Scheduled Tribes During 2007 (ALL INDIA) ed Against Scheduled Tribes In Which Trials CompletedIn Which Trials Pending Convicted Acqui Or Withdrawn Compounded Govt. drawn By Cases With- Cases With- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17 0 0 0 4 4 13 76.5 0.1 0.0 year Including from previous Pending Cases Cases For Trial Cases For Trial Table 9.6: Disposal of Cases By Courts For Crimes Commi Table isgarh 1818 0 28 137 192 329 1461 80.4 9.5 41.6 ar Pradesh ar arakhand 121 20 0 0 0 0 15 3 10 2 25 5 96 15 79.3 75.0 0.6 0.1 60.0 60.0 State/UT No. Of Total 12 Pradesh Andhra 3 Pradesh Arunachal 4 Assam5 Bihar 1321 1666 Chha 7 Goa 18 Gujarat 09 Haryana 010 197 Himachal Pradesh 11 Jammu & Kashmir 0 16212 Jharkhand 113 Karnataka 0 1761 014 Kerala 0 015 Pradesh Madhya 0 016 Maharashtra 53 755 0 Manipur 17 0 0 84718 Meghalaya 0 5711 0 0 0 34419 Mizoram 29020 Nagaland 2230 0 0 3121 Orissa 0 397 0 0 0 022 Punjab 2 023 Rajasthan 1 0 0 923 024 50 Sikkim 7 0 6 0 Nadu25 Tamil 153 17 0 4 33 16626 Tripura 0 69.9 81 2259 U 0 10 1 133 1 56 2325 714 0 100.0 35 0 0 4 0 116 6 0 56 28 139 0 100.0 201 127 7 12 982 0 1.1 0 58.9 0 23 219 0 1622 0 13.4 0 0 257 1696 0.0 78.4 0 0 393 95 0.0 0 0 223 0 0.8 92.1 3862 30 0 491 0 0 0 0.0 0.8 400 17 107 620 0 10.5 38.3 67.6 37 0.0 0 0 65.0 1820 195 0.0 182 0 5.7 73.2 0 0 0 25.0 4.3 194 0.0 0 3.2 81.6 1 10 323 62.8 0.0 4.0 0 17 0 231 2 42.1 518 11.8 1 0.0 21.8 1.2 5 9 0.0 0 2028 0 1.8 1777 0 100.0 2 1.8 11.2 19 6 89.8 0.0 76.4 0.0 0 0.0 4 9 50 13.1 11.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 19 0.0 89.3 32.1 16.0 37.6 100.0 0.0 0.0 82.6 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.0 16.7 52.6 50.0 27 U SL. No.

180 Source: Crime in India 2007 Source: Total (UTs)Total 41 0 0 0 2 2 39 95.1 0.3 0.0 Total (States)28 Bengal Total West 2930 A&N Islands 2014431 Chandigarh32 D&N Haveli 1833 Daman & Diu 034 Delhi 2135 Lakshadweep 0 Puducherry 0 16 2 234 0 (All India) Total 1 0 1302 0 0 1 0 0 20185 0 3191 0 0 0 0 0 4493 0 0 0 0 15417 0 0 0 0 0 234 0 0 0 76.5 0 0 0 2 1302 99.7 0 0 0 0 18 0 3193 0 2 21 29 0 0 100.0 0 4495 0 14 0 100.0 15456 2 0.1 0 0 0.0 87.5 1 0.1 76.6 100.0 1 0.0 0 0.1 0.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 29.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

181

ANNEXURES

ANNEXURE-1

Deﬁ nition of Scheduled Tribes and Scheduled Areas

I. Defi nition of Scheduled Tribes The above Article also provides for listing of scheduled tribes State/ Union Territory wise The term ‘Scheduled Tribes’ fi rst appeared and not on an all India basis. in the Constitution of India. Article 366 (25) defi ned “Scheduled Tribes” as “such tribes or The criterion followed for specifi cation of a tribal communities or parts of or groups within community, as scheduled tribes are indications such tribes or tribal communities as are deemed of primitive traits, distinctive culture, under Article 342 to be Scheduled Tribes for the geographical isolation, shyness of contact with purposes of this constitution”. Article 342, which the community at large, and backwardness. is reproduced below, prescribes procedure to This criterion is not spelt out in the Constitution be followed in the ma er of specifi cation of but has become well established. It subsumes scheduled tribes. the defi nitions contained in 1931 Census, the reports of fi rst Backward Classes Commission Article 342. Scheduled Tribes 1955, the Advisory Commi ee (Kalelkar), on Revision of SC/ ST lists (Lokur Commi ee), 1965 (1) The President may, with respect to any State and the Joint Commi ee of Parliament on the or Union territory, and where it is a State, a er Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes orders consultation with the Governor thereof, by (Amendment) Bill 1967 (Chanda Commi ee), public notifi cation, specify the tribes or tribal 1969. communities or parts of or groups within tribes or tribal communities which shall for In exercise of the powers conferred by Clause the purposes of this constitution be deemed to (1) of Article 342 of the Constitution of India, be Scheduled Tribes in relation to that State or the President, a er Consultation with the State Union territory, as the case may be. Governments concerned have promulgated so far nine Orders specifying the Scheduled Tribes (2) Parliament may by law include in or exclude in relation to the state and union territories. Out from the list of Scheduled Tribes specifi ed in a of these, eight are in operation at present in their notifi cation issued under clause(1) any tribe or original or amended form. One Order, namely, tribal community or part of or group within any the Constitution (Goa, Daman & Diu) Scheduled tribe or tribal community, but save as aforesaid Tribes Order 1968 has become defunct on account a notifi cation issued under the said clause shall of reorganization of Goa, Daman & Diu in 1987. not be varied by any subsequent notifi cation. Under the Goa, Daman & Diu Reorganization Thus, the fi rst specifi cation of Scheduled Act, 1987 (18 of 1987), the list of Scheduled Tribes Tribes in relation to a particular State/ Union of Goa has been transferred to Part XIX of the Territory is by a notifi ed order of the President, Schedule to the Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) a er consultation with the State governments Order, 1950 and that of Daman & Diu in Part II concerned. These orders can be modifi ed of the Schedule to the Constitution (Scheduled subsequently only through an Act of Parliament. Tribes) (Union Territories) Order, 1951.

185 Defi nition of Scheduled Areas: of a State or on the admission into the Union or the establishment of a The term `Scheduled Areas’ has been defi ned new State, declare any territory not in the Indian Constitution as “such areas as the previously included in any State to President may by order declare to be Scheduled be, or to form part of, a Scheduled Areas”. Paragraph 6 of the Fi h Schedule of the Area; Constitution prescribes following procedure for scheduling, rescheduling and alteration of (d) rescind, in relation to any State or Scheduled Areas. States, any order or orders made under this paragraph, and in Scheduled Area: consultation with the Governor of the State concerned, make fresh (1) In the Constitution, the expression orders redefi ning the areas which ‘Scheduled Areas’ means such areas as are as to be Scheduled Areas, the President may by order declare to be Scheduled Areas. and any such order may contain such incidental and consequential provisions as appear to the (2) The President may at any time by order- President to be necessary and proper, but save as aforesaid, the order made under sub-paragraph (a) direct that the whole or any specifi ed (1) of this paragraph shall not be varied by any part of a Scheduled Area shall cease subsequent order. to be a Scheduled Area or a part of such an area; Thus the specifi cation of Scheduled Areas in relation to a particular State/ Union Territory (aa) increase the area of any Scheduled is by a notifi ed Order of the President, a er Area in a State a er consultation consultation with the State Governments with the Governor of that State; concerned. The same procedure will apply while (b) alter, but only by way of rectifi cation altering, increasing or rescinding any order(s) of boundaries, any Scheduled Area; relating to Scheduled Areas.

186 ANNEXURE-2

State-wise List of Scheduled Areas

I. Andhra Pradesh Kandala, Tipa, Hati Ghota, Karond Kurd, Karoni Buzurg, Singapur, Buranpur, Nagrala, Bodad, (1) Balmor, Kondnagol, Banal, Bilakas, Chandpelli, Peetgain, Yekori, Sadarpur, Varoor, Dharawaram, Appaipali, Rasul Chernvu, Rohar, Takli and Ramkham villages of Adilabad Pulechelma, Marlapaya, Burj Gundal, Agarla taluq of Adilabad district. Penta, Pullaipalli, Dukkan Penta, Bikit Penta, Karkar Penta, Boramachernvu, Yemlapaya, (3) Ambari, Bodri, Chikli, Kamtala, Ghoti, Irlapenta, Mudardi Penta, Terkaldari, Mandwa, Maregaon, Malborgaon, Patoda, Vakaramamidi Penta, Medimankal, Pandibore, Dahigaon, Domandhari, Darsangi, Digri, Sangrigundal, Lingabore, Rampur, Appapur, Sindgi, Kanakwari, Kopra, Malakwadi, Nispur, Malapur, Jalal Penta, Piman Penta, Railet, Yenda, Pipalgaon, Bulja, Varoli, Anji, Bhimpur Vetollapalli, Patur Bayal, Bhavi Penta, Sirmeti, Karla, Kothari, Gokunda, Gogarwudi, Naradi Penta, Tapasi Penta, Chandragupta, Malkapur, Dhonora, Rampur, Patri, Porodhi, Ullukatrevu, Timmareddipalli, Sarlapalli, Boath, Darsangi, Norgaon, Unrsi, Godi, Tatigundal, Elpamaehena, Koman Penta, Kollam Sauarkher, Naikwadi, Sarkani, Wajhera, Mardap, Penta, Mananur, Macharam, Malhamamdi, Anjenkher, Gondwarsa, Palaiguda, Karalgaon, Venketeshwarla Bhavi, Amrabad, Tirmalapur, Palsi, Patoda, Javarla, Pipalgaon, Kanki Singora, Upnootola, Madhavanpalli, Jangamreddi Dongargoan, Pipalsendha, Jurur, Minki, Tulsi, Palli, Pedra, Venkeshwaram, Chitlamkunta, Machauder Pardhi, Murli, Takri, Parsa, Warsa, Lachmapur, Udmela, Mared, Ippalpalli, Umra, Ashta, Hingni, Timapur, Wajra, Wanola, Maddimadag, Akkaram, Ainol, Siddapur, Patsonda, Dhanora, Sakur and Digri villages of Bamanpalli, Ganpura and Manewarpalli Kinwat taluk of Adilabad district. Villages of Achempeth Taluq of Mahbubnagar district. (4) Hatnur, Wakri, Pardhi, Kartanada, Serlapalli, Neradi-konda, Daligaon, Kuntala, Venkatapur, (2) Malai Borgava, Ankapur, Jamul Dhari, Hasanpur, Surdapur, Polmamda, Balhanpur, Lokari, Vanket, Tantoli, Sitagondi, Burnoor, Dharampuri, Gokonda, Bhotai, Korsekal, Navgaon, Pipal Dari, Pardi Buzurg, Yapalguda, Patnapur, Tejapur, Guruj, Khahdiguda, Chinchughat, Vankoli, Kanpa, Avasoda Rajurwadi, Ispur, Ghanpur, Jaterla, Khantegaon, Burki, Malkapur, Jaree, Palsi Buzurg, Arli Sauri, Ichora, Mutnur, Gudi Hatnur, Talamedee, Khurd, Nandgaon, Vaghapur, Palsikurd, Gerjam, Chincholi, Sirchelma, Mankapur, Lingee, Kaphar Deni, Ratnapur, Kosai, Umari, Narsapur, Dharmpur, Harkapur, Dhampur, Madanapur, Ambugaon, Ruyadee, Sakanapur, Nigni, Ajhar Wajhar, Chintalbori, Chintakarvia, Daigaon, Kaslapur, Dorlee, Sahaĳ , Sangvee, Rampur, Gangapur and Gayatpalli villages of Khogdoor, Kobai, Ponala, Chaprala, Mangrol, Boath taluk of Adilabad district. Kopa Argune, Soankhas, Khidki, Khasalakurd, Khasalabuzurg, Jamni, Borgaon, Sayedpur, (5) All villages of Utnur taluq of Adilabad Khara, Lohara, Marigaon, Chichdari, Khanapur, district.

187 (6) Rajampet, Gunjala, Indhani, Samela, Hargaon, Chikli, Patan, Kosundi, Kotara and Tejapur, Kannargaon, Kantaguda, Shankepalli, Sonorli villages of Rajura taluq of Adilabad Jamuldhari, Gundi, Chorpalli, Saleguda, district. Wadiguda, Savati, Dhaba, chopanguda, Nimgaon, Khirdi, Metapipri, Sakra, Sangi, Devurpalli, (9) Ralapet, Kistampet, Takalapalli, Khotara-Ringanghat, Nishani, Kota Parandoli, Chakalpalli, Anaram, Bhepalli, Korsni Isgaon, Mesapur, Goigaon, Dhanora, Pardha, Surdapur, Chintaguda, Ankora, Usurampalli, Arpalli, Kerineri Murkilonki, Devapur, Chinta Karra, Bophalpatnam, Balasaga, Pardhi, Iheri, Ara, Dasnapur, Kapri, Belgaon, Sirasgaon, Tumrihati, Chintalmanopalli, Chintam, Moar, Wadam, Dhamriguda, Dallanpur, Gullatalodi, Damda, Dhorpalli, Kanki Garlapet, Chalwardi, Ihoreghat, Balĳ hari, Sakamgundi, Gudlabori, Gurmpet, Lomveli, Mogurdagar, Ara, Uppal Naugaon, Anksorpur, Chirakunta, Wirdandi and Chilpurdubor villages of Sirpur Illipita Dorli, Mandrumera, Dantanpalli, taluq of Adilabad district. Deodurg, Tunpalli, Dhagleshwar, Padibanda, Tamrin, Malangundi, Kandan Moar, Geonena, (10) Kannaiguda, Ankannaguda, Kuteda, Tilani, Kanepelli, Bordoum Telundi, Raghavpatnam, Medarmiola, Koetla, Parsa Maugi Lodiguda, Moinda-gudipet, Chinnedari, Nagaram, Muthapur, Motlaguda, Venglapur, Koitelundi, Madura, Devaiguda, Areguda, Yelpak, Kaneboenpalli, Medaram, Kondred, Gardepalli, Takepalli, Choutepalli, Rane Chintaguda, Kondaparthi, Yelsethipalli, Kannepalli, Sungapur, Rala Samkepalli, Chopri, Allvammarighunpur, Rampur, Malkapalli, Doda Arjuni, Serwai, Rapalli, Tekamandwa Che ial, Bhupathipur, Gangaram, Kannaiguda, Asaifabad taluq of and Meta Arjuni villages of Rajannapet, Bhutaram, Akkela, Sirvapur, Adilabad district. Gangaram Bhupathipur, Pumbapur, Rampur, Ankampalli, Kamaram, Kamse igudam, (7) Gudam, Kasipet, Dandepalli, Chelampeta, Ashnaguda, Yellapur, Allaguda, Narsapur, Rajampet, Mutiempet, Venkatapur, Rali, Puschapur, Bha upalli, Lavnal, Vadduguda, Kauwal, Tarapet, Devapur, Gathapalli, Rotepalli, Kothur, Pegdapalli, Srvapur, Bhussapur, Mandamari, Dharmaraopet Venkatapur, Chelvai, Rangapur Govindraopet, Ballapali, Chintaguda and Mutiempalli villages of Dhumpallaguda, Kelapalli, Lakhanavaram, Lakshetipet taluq of Adilabad district. Pasra, Gonepalli, Padgapur, Narlapur, (8) Bendwi, Chincholi, Goigaon, Hirapur, Kalvapalli, Uratam, Kondia, Maliat, Aclapur, Sakri, Balapur, Manoli, Antargaon, Wirur, Dodla, Kamaram, Tadvai, Boodiguda, Bannaji, Dongargaon, Timbervai, Sersi, Badora, Bandam, Selpak, Kantalpalli, Sarvai, Gangaguda, Vmarjeeri, Lakarkot, Ergaon, Kirdi, Sondo, Tupalkalguda, Akulvari, Ghanpur, Shahpalli, Devara, Khorpana, Kanargaon, Chenai, Gagpelli, Chinna-beonnplli, Venkatapur, Kairgaon, Samalhira, Dhanoli, Marnagondi, Narsapur, Anvaram, Lingal, Ballepalli, Bandal Mulug taluq of Yellapur, Katalbori, Isapur, Devti, Panderwani, and Thunmapur villages of Warrangal district Wansari, Perda, Wargaon Nokari, Mirapur, . Pardhi, Kutoda, Parsewara, Mangalhra, Karki, (11) Vebelli, Polara, Bakkachintaphad, Ganjad, Nokari, Manoli, Sonapur, Inapur, Mangi, Thirmalguda, Gopalpur, Khistapur, Tatinari Uparwai, Tu a, Lakmapur, Kirdi, Injapur, Jamni,

188 Venpalli, Pa al Bhoopati, Chandelapur, Paloncha Ba alpalli, Advarampet, Satiahnagar, Dutla, Mothwada, Mangalawarpet, Karlai, (14) Visakhapatnam Agency area Arkalkunta, Kodsapet, Gunderpalli, Masami, 1[excluding the areas comprised in the Ba avartigudem, Mamidigudam, Pangonda, villages of Agency Lakshmipuram, Roturai, Satreddipalli, Konapur, Chidikada, Konkasingi, Kumarapuram, Krishnadevipeta, Pichigantikothagudem, Kondapuram, Pogulapalli, Govindapuram, Golugondapeta, Gunupudi, Gummudukonda, Makadapalli, Pagulapalli, Murraigudem, Sarabhupalapatnam, Vadurupalli, Yelchagudem, Tummapurm, Pedajaggampeta, Sarabhupathi Agraharam, Jangamvartigudem, Rangagudem, Ramachandrarajupeta Agraharam, and Peddalapalli, Yerravaram, Kundapalli Kondavatipudi Agraharam in Visakhapatnam Neelampalli Daravarinampalli, Karnegund, district.] Mahadevagudem, Marrigudem, Jangalpalli, Bavarguda, Oarbak, Gangaramam, Mucherla (15) East Godwari Agency area [excluding Amaroncha, Kamaraam, the area comprised in the village of Ramachandrapuram including its hamlet Chintagudem, Nilavancha, Kangargidda, Purushothapatnam in the East Godavari Madagudem, Dalurpet, Kothagudem, Kotapalli, district.] Durgaram,Dubagudem, Rudravaram, Narsugudam, Komatlagudem, Katervam, (16) West Godawari Agency area in West Semar Rajpet, Marepalli, Goarur, Radhiapur, Godavari district. Gazalgudem, Rajvepalli and Bollypalli villages Narsampet taluk of Warrangal district. of II. GUJARAT**

(12) All the villages of Yellandu taluq of 1. Uchchhal. Vyara, Mahuwa, Mandvi, Nizar, Warrangal district (excluding the Yellandu, Songadh, Valod, Mangrol and Bardoli talukas Singareni and Sirpur villages and the town of in Surat district. Kothaguda) 2. Dediapada, Sagbara, Valia, Nandod and (13) (i)All the villages of Palocha taluq Jhagadia talukas in Bharuch district of Warrangal district excluding Palondha, Borgampad, Ashwaraopet, Dammapet, Kuknur 3. Dangs district and taluka and Nelipak villages and (ii) Samasthan of

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*The Scheduled Areas in the State of Andhra Pradesh were originally speciﬁ ed by the Scheduled Areas (Part A States) Order, 1950 (C.O.No.9) dated 23.1.1950 and the Scheduled Areas (Part B States) Order, 1950 (C.O.No.26) dated 7.12.1950 and have been modiﬁ ed vide the Madras Scheduled Areas (Cesser) Order 1951 (C.O. 50) and the Andhra Scheduled Areas (Cesser) Order, 1955 (C.O.30)

** The Scheduled Areas in the State of Gujarat were originally specifi ed by the Scheduled Areas (Part A States) Order, 1950 (Constitution Order, 9) dated 23.1.1950 and have been respecifi ed as above by the Scheduled Areas (States of Bihar, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and Orissa) Order, 1977 (Constitution Order, 109) dated 31.12.1977 after rescinding the Order cited fi rst so far as that related to the State of Gujarat.

189 4. Bansda, Dharampur, Chikhali, Pardi and III. HIMACHAL PRADESH*** Umbergaon talukas in Valasad district 1. Lahaul and Spiti district 5. Jhalod, Dohad, Santrampur, Limkheda and Deogarh Baria talukas in Panchmahal district 2. Kinnaur district

6. Chhotaudepur and Naswadi talukas and 3. Pangi tehsil and Bharmour sub-tehsil in Tilakwada mahal in Vadodora district Chamba district

7. Khedbrahma, Bhiloda and Meghraj talukas, and Vĳ ayanagar mahal in Sabarkantha

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*** Speciﬁ ed by the Scheduled Areas (Himachal Pradesh) Order, 1975 (Constitution Order 102) dated 21.11.1975

190 IV. MAHARASHTRA (32) Khadkawane (33) Mendhwan 1. The following in Thane district : (34) Vilshet (a) Tehsils of Dhahanu, Talasari, Mokhando, (35) Kondgaon Jawher, Wada and Sahapur (36) Karsood (b) (i) The one hundered forty four villages of (37) Betegaon, Palghar tehsil as mention below : (38) Warangade (39) Lalonde Palghar Tehsil (40) Ghanede (41) Kampalgaon (1) Tarapur (42) Man (2) Kudan (43) Ghaneghar (3) Dahisar-tarf-Tarapur (44) Wedhe (4) Ghiwali (45) Chari Budruk (5) Wawe (46) Birwadi (6) Akkarpa i (47) Kallale (7) Kurgaon (48) Padghe (8) Parnali (49) Pole (9) Vengani (50) Nandore (10) Patharwali (51) Girnoli (11) Newale (52) Borande (12) Shigaon (53) Devkhope (13) Gargaon (54) Sagawe (14) Chinchare (55) Kosbad (15) Akegawhan (56) Kokaner (16) Naniwali (57) Nagzari (17) Ambedhe (58) Chari Khurd (18) Barhanpur (59) Velgaon (19) Salgaon (60) Khutal (20) Khutad (61) Chilhar (21) Khaniwade (62) Bhopoli (22) Rawate (63) Nihe (23) Akoli (64) Damkhand (24) Asheri (65) Kondhan (25) Somate (66) Awandhan (26) Pasthal (67) Bangarchole (27) Boisar (68) Shil (28) Borsheti (69) Loware (29) Mahagaon (70) Bandhan (30) Kirat (71) Nand-gaon-tarf-Manor (31) Wade (72) Shilshet

191 (73) Katale (114) Nawali (74) Ambhan (115) Morawali (75) Wasaroli (116) Varkhunti (76) Kharshet (117) Kamare (77) Manor (118) Tokrale (78) Takwahal (119) Bandate (79) Sawarkhand (120) Zanjaroli (80) Nalshet (121) Chahade (81) Kev (122) Wasare (82) Wakadi (123) Khadkoli (83) Maswan (124) Sakhare (84) Wandiwali (125) Rothe (85) Netali (126) Lalthane (86) Saye (127) Navaze (87) Ten (128) Tandulwadi (88) Karalgaon (129) Girale (89) Gowade (130) Pargaon (90) Tamsai (131) Nagawe-tarf-Manor (91) Durves (132) Umbarpada Nandade (92) Dhuktan (133) Uchavali (93) Pochade (134) Safale (94) Haloli (135) Sonawe (95) Khamloli (136) Makane Kapse (96) Bahadoli (137) Karwale (97) Bot (138) Wadhiv Sarawali (98) Embur irambi (139) Penand (99) Danisari-tarf-Manor (140) Kandarwan (100) Kude (141) Dahiwale (101) Gundave (142) Darshet (102) Satiwali (143) Navghar (Ghatim) (103) Vehaloli (144) Umbarpada-tarf-Manor. (104) Saware (105) Warai (ii) The forty ﬁ ve villages of Vasai (Bassein) (106) Jansai Tehsil as mentioned below: (107) Khaire (108) Dhekale Vasai (Bassein) Tehsil (109) Ganje (1) Dahisar (110) Jayshet (2) Koshimbe (111) Shelwade (3) Tulinj (112) Veur (4) Sakawar (113) Ambadi (5) Chimane

192 (6) Hedavade (iii) The seventy two villages of Bhiwandi tehsil (7) Kashidkopar as mentioned bellow: (8) Khaniwade (9) Bhaliwali Bhiwandi tehsil (10) Kavher (1) Bhivali (11) Shirsad (2) Gancshpuri (12) Mandvi (3) Vadavali Vajreshwari (13) Chandip (4) Akloli (14) Bhatane (5) Savaroli (15) Shivansai (6) Khatrali (16) Usgaon (7) Usgaon (17) Medhe (8) Ghotgaon (18) Vadghar (9) Vadhe (19) Bhinar (10) Vareth (20) Ambode (11) Chane (21) Kalbhon (12) Asnoli-tarf-Dugad (22) Adne (13) Dugad (23) Sayawan (14) Manivali (24) Parol (15) Vadwali-tarf-Dugad (25) Shirvali (16) Malbidi (26) Majivali (17) Mohili (27) Karanjon (18) Nandithane (28) Tilher (19) Depoli (29) Dhaviv (20) Sakharoli (30) Pelhar (21) Supegaon (31) Achole (22) Pilanze Khurd (32) Valiv (23) Pilanze Budruk (33) Sativali (24) Alkhivali (34) Rajavali (25) Vaghivale (35) Kolhi (26) Devehole (36) Chinchoti (27) Sagoan (37) Juchandra (28) Eksal (38) Bapane (29) Chinchavali-tarf-Kunde (39) Deodal (30) Dudhani (40) Kamam (31) Vape (41) Sarajamori (32) Ghadane (42) Poman (33) Kunde (43) Shilo ar (34) Ghotavade (44) Sasunavghar (35) Mainde (45) Nagle (36) Karmale (37) Kandali Budruk

193 (38) Kelhe (2) Kisal (39) Kandali Khurd (3) Wadawali (40) Dighashi (4) Sakhare (41) Newade (5) Khutalborgaon (42) Ambadi (6) Ambele Khurd (43) Dalonde (7) Sayale (44) Jambhiwali-tarf-Khambal (8) Inde (45) Umbarkhand (9) Khedale (46) Ashivali (10) Talawali-tarf-Ghorat (47) Zidake (11) Eklahare (48) Kharivali (12) Chafe-tarf-Khedul (49) Base (13) Pimpalghar (50) Gondade (14) Dahigaon (51) Pahare (15) Parhe (52) Shedgaon (16) Kandali (53) Pachhapur (17) Dhasai (54) Gondravali (18) Alyani (55) Jambhiali-tarf-Kunde (19) Palu (56) Asnoli-tarf-Kunde (20) Deoghar (57) Shirole (21) Madh (58) Dabhad (22) Sonawale (59) Mohandul (23) Veluk (60) Shirgaon (24) Alawe (61) Pimpal Sehth Bhusheth (25) Bursunge (62) Khadki Khurd (26) Mandus (63) Khadki Budruk (27) Khed (64) Chimbipade (28) Vanote (65) Kuhe (29) Shai (66) Dhamne (30) Shelgaon (67) Lakhiwali (31) Shiroshi (68) Palivali (32) Talegaon (69) Paye (33) Fangalkoshi (70) Gane (34) Merdi (71) Dahyale (35) Walhivare (72) Firangpada (36) Mal (37) Jadai (iv) The seventy seven villages of Murbad tehsil (38) Ambiwali as mentioned below: (39) Dighephal (40) Diwanpada Murbad Tehsil (41) Kochare Khurd (1) Kasgaon (42) Kochare Budruk

194 (43) Chosale Dindori Tehsil (44) Khutal Bangla (45) Nayahadi (1) Mokhanal (46) Moroshi (2) Bhanwad (47) Fangulgawhan (3) Dehare (48) Sawarne (4) Karanjali (49) Thitabi-tarf-Vaishakahre (5) Gandole (50) Kudhset (6) Palasvihir (51) Fangane (7) Vare (52) Khapari (8) Vanjole (53) Hedawali (9) Ambad (54) Karchonde (10) Vanare (55) Zadghar (11) Titve (56) Udaldoha (12) Deothan (57) Mhorande (13) Nanashi (58) Tokawade (14) Charose (59) Balegaon (15) Deoghar (60) Talawali (Baragaon) (16) Kaudasar (61) Waishakhare (17) Vani Khurd (62) Maniwali-tarf-Khedul (18) Pimpalgaon Dhum (63) Pendhari (19) Joran (64) Umaroli budruk (20) Mahaje (65) Ojiwale (21) Sadrale (66) Mandwat (22) Nalwadi (67) Mahaj (23) Oje (68) Padale (24) Golshi (69) Koloshi (25) Jalkhed (70) Jaigaon (26) Nigdol (71) Kalambad (Bhondivale) (27) Kokangaon Budruk (72) Kheware (28) Umbrale Khurd (73) Dudhanoli (29) Ambegan (74) Umaroli Khurd (30) Chachadgaon (75) Khopwali (31) Vaghad (76) Milhe (32) Pophal wade (77) Gorakhagad (33) Dhaur (34) Umbale Budruk 2. The following in Nasik district :- (35) Jambutke (36) Pimpraj (a) The tehsils of Peint, Surgana and Kalwan (37) Nalegaon (b) (i) The one hundred six villages of Dindori (38) Vilwandi tehsil as mentioned below : (39) Rasegaon

195 (40) Kochargaon (81) Kadvamhalungi (41) Tilholi (82) Gaondegaon (42) Ravalgaon (83) Hatnore (43) Deher Wadi (84) Nilwandi (44) Dhagur (85) Pimpalgoan Ketki (45) Deosane (86) Rajapur (46) Sarsale (87) Dindori (47) Karanjkhed (88) Jopul (48) Pingalwadi (89) Madki jamb (49) Eklahare (90) Palkhed (50) Chausale (91) Indore (51) Pimpri Anchla (92) Korhate (52) Ahiwantwadi (93) Chinchkhed (53) Goldari (94) Talegaon Dindori (54) Haste (95) Akrale (55) Kolher (96) Mohadi (56) Jirwade (97) Pimpsalanare (57) Chamdari (98) Khatwad (58) Maledumala (99) Ramsej (59) Mandane (100) Ambe Dindore (60) Koshimbe (101) Dhakambe (61) Punegaon (102) Janori (62) Pandane (103) Manori (63) Ambaner (104) Shivanai (64) Chandikapur (105) Varwandi (65) Bhatode (106) Jaulke Dindori (66) Dahivi (67) Mulane (ii) The ninety three villages of Igatpuri tehsil as (68) Kokangaon Khurd mentioned below and one town Igatpuri : (69) Malegaon (70) Pimparkhed Igatpuri Tehsil (71) Phopasi (1) Dhadoshi (72) Vani Kasbe (2) Bhilmal (73) Sangamner (3) Pahine (74) Khedle (4) Zarwad Khurd (75) Mavadi (5) Tak-Harsha (76) Karanjwan (6) Aswali Harsha (77) Dahegaon (7) Samundi (78) Vaglud (8) Kharoli (79) Krishnagaon (9) Kojoli (80) Varkhed (10) Avhate

196 (11) Kushegaon (52) Titoli (12) Metchandryachi (53) Bortembhe (13) Alwand (54) Taloshi (14) Dapure (55) Nandgaon sade (15) Met Humbachi (56) Pimpri Sadaroddin (16) Zarwad Budruk (57) Talegha (17) Mhasurli (58) Kanchangaon (18) Shevgedang (59) Shenwad Budruk (19) Wanjole (60) Fangulgavan (20) Deogaon (61) Borli (21) Ahurli (62) Manwedhe (22) Nandagaon (63) Bhavali Khurd (23) Vavi Harsha (64) Kaluste (24) Nagosali (65) Jamunde (25) Dhargaon (66) Gahunde (26) Ondli (67) Bharvaj (27) Saturli (68) Karungwadi (28) Awalidumala (69) Nirpan (29) Karhale (70) Maniargaon (30) Rayambe (71) Ambewadi (31) Takedeogaon (72) Khadked (32) Metyelyachi (73) Indore (33) Biturli (74) Umbarkon (34) Walvihir (75) Somaj Ghadga (35) Bhavli Badruk (76) Ubhade (Vanjulwadi) (36) Pimpalgaon Bhatata (77) Megare (37) Kopargaon (78) Belgaon Tarhale (38) Kurnoli (79) Dhamangaon (39) Dhamoli (80) Deole (40) Waki (81) Khairgaon (41) Chinchale (Khaire) (82) Pimpalgaon Mor (42) Tringalwadi (83) Dhamni (43) Adwan (84) Adasare Khurd (44) Awalkhede (85) Adasare Budruk (45) Parderi (86) Acharwad (46) Balayduri (87) Taked Khurd (47) Khambala (88) Taked Budruk (48) Take Ghoti (89) Khed (49) Ghoti Budruk (90) Barshingve (50) Talegaon (91) Sonoshi (51) Girnare (92) Maidara Dhanoshi

197 (93) Wasali (36) Metgherakilla Trimbak (37) Mulegaon (iii) The seventy villages in Nasik tehsil as (38) Ladachi mentioned below and one town Trimbak : (39) Naikwadi (40) Vele Nasik tehsil (41) Sadgaon (1) Sapte (42) Vadgaon (2) Kone (43) Manoli (3) Kharwal (44) Dhondegaon (4) Varasvihir (45) Dari (5) Vaghera (46) Gimate (6) Rohile (47) Dugaon (7) Nandgaon (48) Deorgaon (8) Gorthan (49) Nagalwadi (9) Hirdi (50) Ozarkheda (10) Malegaon (51) Chandashi (11) Welunje (52) Gangamhalungi (12) Ganeshgaon Waghera (53) Jalalpur (13) Pimpri Trimbak (54) Sawargaon (14) Met Kawara (55) Goverdhan (15) Brahmanwade Trimbak (56) Shivangaon (16) Toanangan (57) Pimpalgaon Garudeshwar (17) Dhumbdi (58) Rajewadi (18) Bese (59) Gangawarhe (19) Chakore (60) Ganeshgaon Trimbak (20) Amboli (61) Ganeshgaon Nashik (21) Ambai (62) Wasali (22) Shirasgaon (63) Dudgaon (23) Talwade Trimbak (64) Mahrawani (24) Pimpalad Trimbak (65) Talegaon Anjaneri (25) Khambale (66) Jategaon (26) Sapgaon (67) Sarul (27) Kachurli (68) Pimplad Nashik (28) Arianeri (69) Rajur Bahula (29) Talegaon Trimbak (70) Dahigaon (30) Pogalwadi Trimbak (31) Vacholi (iv) The ﬁ y seven villages in Baglan tehsil as (32) Ubbrande mentioned below : (33) Kalmuste (34) Trimbak (Rural) Baglan tehsil (35) Harshewadi

198 (1) Borhate (42) Talwade Digar (2) Mohalangi (43) Morkure (3) Jaitapur (44) Kikwari Khurd (4) Golwad (45) Kelzar (5) Hatnoor (46) Tatani (6) Maliwade (47) Bhildar (7) Ambapur (48) Kikwari Budruk (8) Jad (49) Joran (9) Visapur (50) Sakode (10) Shevare (51) Karanjkhed (11) Kharad (52) Dang Saundane (12) Vade Digar (53) Nikwel (13) Deothan (54) Bandhate (14) Kondharabad (55) Dahindule (15) Antapur (56) Sarwar (16) Raver (57) Wadichaulher. (17) Jamoti (18) Aliabad 3. The following in Dhule District:- (19) Ajande (20) Mulher (a) Tehsils of Nawapur Taloda Akkalkuwa and (21) Babulne Akrani. (22) Morane-Digar (b) (i) The eighty villages in Sakri tehsil as (23) Bordaivat mentioned below:- (24) Bhimkhet (25) Waghambe Sakri tehsil (26) Manoor (1) Choupale (27) Salher (2) Rothod (28) Katarwel (3) Jamkhel (29) Bhilwad (4) Khuruswade (30) Tungan (5) Sutare (31) Daswel (6) Dhaner (32) Jakhod (7) Amale (33) Mungase (8) Machmal (34) Bhawade (9) Khandbare (35) Dasane (10) Raikot (36) Malgaon Khurd (11) Burudkhe (37) Salawan (12) Pangaon (38) Pisore (13) Lagadwal (39) Kerasane (14) Raitel (40) Vathod (15) Brahmanwel (41) Pathwedigar (16) Amkhel

199 (17) Jambore (58) Bopkhel (18) Varsus (59) Shiv (19) Jamki (60) Khatyal (20) Runmali (61) Vardoli (21) Vaskhedi (62) Kaksad (22) Damkani (63) Pankhede (23) Saltek (64) Samode (24) Dahiwel (65) Mhasadi Pargane Pimpalner (25) Bhongaon (66) Pimpalner (26) Badgaon (67) Chikase (27) Maindane (68) Jirapur (28) Dapur (69) Kokangaon (29) Rohan (70) Shevage (30) Jebapur (71) Dhamandhar (31) Amode (72) Virkhel (32) Kirwade (73) Pargaon (33) Ghodade (74) Mandane (34) Surpan (75) Balhane (35) Korde (76) Deshirvade (36) Valwhe (77) Kadyale (37) Vitave (78) Dhongaddigar (38) Kasbe Chhadwell (79) Shelbari (39) Basar (80) Degaon (40) Isarde (41) Petale (ii) The eighty two villages in Nandurbar tehsil (42) Pimpalgaon and town Nandurbar as mentioned below:- (43) Mohane (44) Tembhe Pargane Warse Nandurbar tehsil (45) Shirsole (1) Bhangade (46) Umarpata (2) Mangloor (47) Malgaon Pargane Versa (3) Vasalai (48) Khargaon (4) Arditara (49) Kalambe (5) Dhanora (50) Chorwad (6) Pavale (51) Lakhale (7) Kothede (52) Warse (8) Umaj (53) Shenwad (9) Kothali Khurd (54) Kudashi (10) Vadajakan (55) Manjari (11) Nimbone Budruk (56) Mapalgaon (12) Jalkhe (57) Dangshirwade (13) Shirvade

200 (14) Ranale Khurd (55) Wawad (15) Natawad (56) Chakle (16) Karanjwe (57) Dahindule Budruk (17) Shejwe (58) Dahindule Khurd (18) Pimplod-tarf-Dhanore (59) Athore Digar (19) Loya (60) Umarde Khurd (20) Velaved (61) Chaupale (21) Vyahur (62) Akrale (22) Dhulawad (63) Vadbare (23) Gujar Bhavali (64) Akhatwade (24) Gujar Jamboli (65) Ha i alias Indi (25) Karankhede (66) Palashi (26) Phulsare (67) Ghuli (27) Umarde Budruk (68) Rakaswade (28) Narayanpur (69) Waghode (29) Ghirasgaon (70) Patonde (30) Dhekwad (71) Hol-tarf-Haveli (31) Biladi (72) Khodasgaon (32) Khairale (73) Shahade (33) Khamgaon (74) Shinde (34) Nagasar (75) Kolde (35) Virchak (76) Bhagsari (36) Tokartale (77) Dhamdod (37) Waghale (78) Savalde (38) Ozarde (79) Korit (39) Ashte (80) Sujatpur (40) Thanepada (81) Tishi (41) Amarave (82) Dhandhane. (42) Patharai (43) Dhamdai (iii) The one hundred forty one villages in (44) Varul Shahada tehsil as mentioned below:- (45) Adachhi (46) Lonkhede Shahada tehsil (47) Karajkupe (1) Akaspur (48) Nalave Khurd (2) Nawagaon (Forest Village) (49) Sundarde (3) Virpur (50) Nalave Budruk (4) Dara (51) Dudhale (5) Bhuta (52) Nandarkhe (6) Kansai(Forest Village) (53) Dhane (7) Nandya Kusumwade (Forest Village (54) Vasadare Rampur

201 (8) Chirade (49) Parakashe (9) Nagziri (Forest Village) (50) Dhamlad (10) Kusumwade (51) Katharde Budruk (11) Nandya (Forest Village) (52) Katharde Khurd (12) Pimprani (53) Kalsadi (13) Ranipur (Forest Village) (54) Dhurkhede (14) Fa epur (55) Bhade (15) Lakkadkot (Forest Village) (56) Pingane (16) Kotbandhani (Forest Village) (57) Ganor (17) Pimplod (58) Adgoan (18) Kuddawad (59) Kharagaon (19) Lachhore (60) Kochrare (20) Kanadi-tarf-Haveli (61) Biladi-tarf-Haveli (21) Shirud-tarf Haveli (62) Bahirpur (22) Amode (63) Bramhanpur (23) Alkhed (64) Sultanpur (24) Padalde Budruk (65) Raikhed (25) Budigavan (66) Khed Digar (26) Umarati (67) Navalpur (27) Pimpri (68) Chandsaili (28) Mhasavad (69) Godipur (29) Anakwade (70) Padalde Khurd (30) Sulwade (71) Bhagapur (31) Tavalai (72) Javkhede (32) Mubarakpur (73) Sonwai-tarf-Haveli (33) Velavad (74) Kavalith (34) Kalmadi-tarf-Boardi (75) Tuki (35) Wadi (76) Sawkhede (36) Sonawadtarf-Boardi (77) Karjot (37) Thangche (78) Lohare (38) Javadetarf-Boardi (79) Gogapur (39) Tarhadi-tarf-Boardi (80) Kurangi (40) Vardhe (81) Tidhare (41) Pari (82) Damalde (42) Kothali-tarf-haveli (83) Kalamad-tarf-Haveli (43) Aurangpur (84) Chikhali Khurd (44) Chikhali Budruk (85) Bhortek (45) Karankhede (86) Shrikhede (46) Nandarde (87) Ozarte (47) Vaĳ ali (88) Ukhalshem (48) Vaghode (89) Vagharde

202 (90) Jam (131) Chandsaili (Forest Village) (91) Javade-tarf-Haveli (132) Ubhadagad (Forest Village) (92) Titari (133) Kakarde Khurd (93) Hol Mubarakpur (Forest Village) (134) Khaparkhede (Forest Village) (94) Vadgaon (135) Malgaon (Forest Village) (95) Pimparde (136) Langadi Bhavani (Forest Village) (96) Asalod (137) Shahana (Forest Village) (97) Mandane (138) Kakarde Budruk (98) Awage (139) Abhanpur Budruk (99) Tikhore (140) Katghar (100) Untawad (141) Nimbardi (Forest Village) (101) Hol (102) Mohide-tarf-Haveli (iv) The sixty two villages in Shirpur tehsil as (103) Junwane mentioned below:- (104) Lonkhede (105) Tembhali Shirpur tehsil (106) Holgujari (1) Borpani (Forest Village) (107) Asus (2) Malkatar (Forest Village) (108) Bupkari (3) Fa epur (Forest Village) (109) Maloni (4) Gadhad Deo (Forest Village) (110) Dongargaon (5) Kodid (Forest Village) (111) Kothal-tarf-Shahada (6) Gurhadpani (Forest Village) (112) Matkut (7) Bhudaki (Forest Village) (113) Borale (8) Waghpade (Forest Village) (114) Kamravad (9) Saigarpada (Forest Village) (115) Kahatul (10) Manjriburdi (Forest Village) (116) Vadchhil (11) Chondi (Forest Village) (117) Londhare (12) Bhudaki (Forest Village) (118) Udhalod (13) Chandsurya (Forest Village) (119) Nimbhore (14) Boradi (New) (Forest Village) (120) Dhandre Budurk (15) Kakadmal (Forest Village) (121) Chirkhan (Forest Village) (16) Vakawad (Forest Village) (122) Asalod (New) (Forest Village) (17) Umarda (Forest Village) (123) Jainagar (18) Durabadya (Forest Village) (124) Dhandre Khurd (Forest Village) (19) Mohide (Forest Village) (125) Manmodya (Forest Village) (20) Dondwada (Forest Village) (126) Dutkhede (Forest Village) (21) Tembha (Forest Village) (127) Bhongara (Forest Village) (22) Kharikhan (Forest Village) (128) Vadali (23) Boaradi (129) Kondhawal (24) Wasardi (130) Bhulane (Forest Village) (25) Nandarde

203 (26) Chandase as mentioned below:- (27) Wadi Budruk (28) Wadi Khurd Chopda Tehsil (29) Jalod (1) Maratha (Forest Village) (30) Abhanpur Khurd (2) Mordhida (Forest Village) (31) Tarhad (3) Umarti (Forest Village) (32) Ukhalwadi (4) Satrasen (Forest Village) (33) Mukhed (5) Krishnapur (Forest Village) (34) Nimzari (6) Angurne (35) Varzadi (7) Kharya Padav (Forest Village) (36) Waghabarda (8) Vaĳ apur (Revenue) (37) Samryapada (9) Mulyautar (Forest Village) (38) Lauki (10) Vaĳ apur (Forest Village) (39) Sule (11) Borajanti (Forest Village) (40) Fa epur (12) Malapur (Forest Village) (41) Hedakhed (13) Bormali (Forest Village) (42) Arunapuri Dam (Deforested) (14) Karajane (Forest Village) (43) Sangavi (15) Melane (Forest Village) (44) Hated (16) Vishnapur (Forest Village) (45) Zendya Anjan (17) Devhari (Forest Village) (46) Palasner (18) Deoziri (Forest Village) (47) Khambale (19) Kundyapani (Forest Village) (48) Panakhed (Forest Village) (20) Ichapur Pargane Adwad (49) Khairkhuti (Forest Village) (21) Badhawani (50) Joyada (Forest Village) (22) Badhai (51) Chilare (Forest Village) (23) Andane (52) Lakdya Hanuman (Forest Village) (24) Moharad (53) Mahadeo Dondwade (Forest Village) (25) Asalwadi (Forest Village) (54) Malapur (Forest Village) (55) Rohini (ii) The thirteen villages in Yaval tehsil as (56) Bhoiti mentioned below:- (57) Ambe (58) Khamkhede Pargane Ambe Yaval Tehsil (59) Hiwarkhede (Forest Village) (1) Manapuri (60) Higaon (2) Tolane (61) Vadel Khurd (3) Khalkot (62) Kalapani (Forest Village) (4) Ichakhede (5) Malod 4. The following in Jalgaon district:- (6) Haripura (Forest Village) (7) Vaghazira (Forest Village) (a) (i) The twenty ﬁ ve villages in Chopda tehsil (8) Parasade Budruk

204 (9) Borkhede Khurd (5) Sangavi (10) Langda Amba (6) Keli Rumhanwadi (11) Jamnya (Forest Village) (7) Bitaka (12) Gadrya (Forest Village) (8) Khirvire (13) Usmali (Forest Village) (9) Kombhalne (10) Tahakari (iii) The twenty-one villages in Raver tehsil as (11) Samsherpur mentioned below :- (12) Savargaon Pat (13) Muthalane Raver Tehsil (14) Bari (1) Mahumandali (Forest Village) (15) Waranghusi (2) Pimparkund (Forest Village) (16) Ladagaon (3) Andharmali (Forest Village) (17) Shenit (4) Tidya (Forest Village) (18) Pabhulwandi (5) Nimdya (Forest Village) (19) Babhulwandi (6) Garbardi (Forest Village) (20) Ambevangan (7) Janori (21) Deogaon (8) Chinchati (22) Pendshet (9) Pal (23) Manhere (10) Marwhal (24) Shelvihire (11) Jinsi (25) Panjare (12) Sahasraling (Forest Village) (26) Chinchond (13) Lalmati (Forest Village) (27) Waki (14) Abhode Budruk (28) Titavi (15) Lohare (29) Pimparkane (16) Kusumbhe Budruk (30) Udadawane (17) Kusumbe Khurd (31) Kodani (18) Pimpri (32) Ghatghar (19) Mohagan Budruk (33) Shinganwadi Rajur (20) Padale Budruk (34) Murshet (21) Mahumandali (old) Deserted) (35) Shendi (36) Samarad 5. The following in Ahmednagar district (37) Bhandardara (38) Ranad Budruk (a) The ninety-four villages in Akole tehsil as (39) Ranad khurd mentioned below: (40) Malegaon (41) Kohondi Akole Tehsil (42) Digambar (1) Tirdhe (43) Guhire (2) Padoshi (44) Katalapur (3) Mhajungi (45) Ratanwadi (4) Ekdare

205 (46) Mutkhel (87) Pisewadi (47) Terungan (88) Phopsandi (48) Rajur (89) Satewadi (49) Vithe (90) Keli Otur (50) Koltembhe (91) Keli Kotul (51) Kelungan (92) Khetewadi (52) Jamgaon (93) Esarthav (53) Shirpunje Budruk (94) Karandi (54) Savarkute (55) Kumshet 6. The following in Pune District (56) Shirpunje Khurd (57) Dhamanvan (a) (i) The ﬁ V y-six villages in Ambegaon tehsil (58) Ambit as mentioned below : (59) Balthan (60) Manik Ozar Ambegaon Tehsil (61) Puruchawadi (1) Don (62) Maveshi (2) Pimpargaane (63) Shiswad (3) Aghane (64) Wapjulshet (4) Ahupe (65) Gondoshi (5) Tirpad (66) Khadki (6) Nhaved (67) Sakirwadi (7) Asane (68) Pachanai (8) Malin (69) Chinchavane (9) Nanawade (70) Padalne (80) (10) Amade (71) Shelad (11) Warsawane (72) Pimpri (12) Kondhare (73) Ghoti (13) Adivare (74) Paithan (14) Borghar (75) Lavali Kotul (15) Patan (76) Waghdari (16) Kushire Khurd (77) Shilvandi (17) Panchale budruk (78) Kohone (18) Kushire Budruk (79) Lavali Otur (19) Digad (80) Tale (20) Panchale Khurd (81) Kothale (21) Mahelunge-tarf-Ambegaon (82) Somalwadi (22) Savarali (83) Vihir (23) Megholi (84) Shinda (24) Vachape (85) Ambit Khind (25) Sakeri (86) Palsunde (26) Pimpari

206 (27) Ambegaon (7) Kopare (28) Jambhori (8) Mandave (29) Kalambai (9) Singanore (30) Kondhawal (10) Alu (31) Phulavade (11) Khubi (32) Phalode (12) Pimpalgaon Joga (33) Koltavade (13) Karanjale (34) Terungaon (14) Mach (35) Dimbhe Budruk (15) Pangri-tarf-Madh (36) Mahalunge-tarf-Ghoda (16) Kolwadi (37) Rajpur (17) Pargaon-tarfModh (38) Chikhali (18) Taleran (39) Rajewadi (19) Sitewadi (40) Supeghar (20) Wathale (41) Taleghar (21) Nimgir (42) Mapoli (22) Anjanwale (43) Dimbhe Khurd (23) Hadsar (44) Pokhari (24) Devale (45) Gohe Budruk (25) Khaire (46) Nigadale (26) Ghatghar (47) Gohe Khurd (27) Jalwandi (48) Apati (28) Hirdi (49) Gangapur Khurd (29) Undekhadak (50) Amondi (30) Rajpur (51) Kanase (31) Khatkale (52) Gangapur Budruk (32) Manikdoh (53) Shinoli (33) Khad kumbe (54) Pimpalgaon-tarf-Ghoda (34) Ursan (55) Sal (35) Vevadi (56) Dhakale (36) Tejpur (37) Phangalghavan (ii) The sixty-ﬁ ve villages in Junnar tehsil as (38) Chavand mentioned below: (39) Pur (40) Khangaon Junnar Tehsil (41) Mankeshwar (1) Chilhewadi (42) Surale (2) Ambehavhan (43) Amboli (3) Jambhulshi (44) Shiroli-tarf-Kukadner (4) Khireshwar (45) Wanewadi (5) Mathalane (46) Aptale (6) Kolhewadi (47) Koli

207 (48) Shivali (16) Wai (49) Utchil (17) Hardap (50) Botarde (18) Naikwadi (51) Dhalewadi-tarf-Minher (19) Hingani (52) Bhivade Budruk (20) Wazra (53) Ingaloon (21) Tulshi (54) Bhivade Khurd (22) Gondwadsa (55) Ghangaldare (23) Anjankhed (56) Sonavale (24) Bhorad (57) Tambe (25) Chorad (58) Hivare-tarf-Minher (26) Dhanora (sindkhed) (59) Hatvĳ (27) Rampur (60) Ambe (28) Pathri (61) Pimparwadi (29) Khambala (62) Sukalewdhe (30) Pardi (63) Godre (31) Sindkhed (64) Khamgaon (32) Cinchkhed (65) Somatwadi (33) Hatola (34) Waifani 7. The following in Nanded District:- (35) Dhundra (36) Gouri (a) The one hundred ﬁ V y-two villages and (37) Both town Kenwat in kinwat tehsil as mentioned (38) Sailu below:- (39) Karanji (Sindkhed) (40) Bhagwati Kinwat Tehsil (41) Wazra Budruk (1) Takli (42) Umri (2) Padsa (43) Unakdeo (3) Sayepal (44) Chais (4) Murli (45) Pimpalsenda (5) Wadsa (46) Sarkhani (6) Koli (47) Delhi (7) Ashta (48) Nirala (8) Gondegaon (49) Noorgaon (9) Madnapur (Mahore) (50) Titvi (10) Bondgavan (51) Lingi (11) Umra (52) Nagapur (12) Machandra Pard (53) Jununi (13) Karalgaon (54) Digadwazra (14) Sawarkhed (55) Darsangvi (Sindkhed) (15) Digdi (Kutemar) (56) Singoda

208 (57) Sirpur (98) Ghogarwadi (58) Tembhi (99) Gokunda (59) Patoda Budruk (100) Mandva (60) Mandvi (101) Digdi (Mangabodi) (61) Jawarla (102) Nagzari (62) Palsi (103) Kothari (Chikhli) (63) Belgaon (104) Pradhan Sangvi (64) Kanki (105) Bendi (65) Kothari (Sindkhed) (106) Amadi (66) Pimpalgaon (Sindkhed) (107) Madnapur (Chikhli) (67) Dongargaon (Sindkhed) (108) Shaniwar Peth (68) Jarur (109) Dabhadi (69) Minki (110) Chikhli (70) Pachunda (111) Hudi (Chikhli) (71) Wanola (112) Endha (72) Sakur (113) Bhulja (73) Mendki (114) Darsangvi (Chikhli) (74) Digdi (Mohanpur) (115) Malakwadi (75) Dhanora (Digdi) (116) Penda (76) Mohapur (117) Pardi Khurd (77) Mungshi (118) Karla (78) Singdi (Kinwat) (119) Degaon (79) Malborgaon (120) Lingdhari (80) Nejpur (121) Pardi Budruk (81) Rajgad (122) Bodhadi Khurd (82) Wadoli (123) Bodhadi Budruk (83) Anji (124) Sindgi (Chikhli) (84) Kanakwadi (125) Andbori (Chikhli) (85) Loni (126) Kopara (86) Dhamandhari (127) Piperphodi (87) Pandhara (128) Patoda (Chikhli) (88) Bellori (Kinwat) (129) Pipri (89) Maregaon (130) Dhanora (Chikhli) (90) Kamthala (131) Sawari (91) Ambadi (132) Thara (92) Kherda (133) Poth Redy (93) Malkapur (134) Singarwadi (94) Ghoti (135) Anjegaon (95) Sirme i (136) Bhandarwadi (96) Bhimpur (137) Jaldhara (Chandrapur) (97) Pipalgaon (Kinwar) (138) Belori (Chikhli)

209 (139) Malkolari (17) Chinchala (140) Digras (18) Pan Harkawala (141) Dongargaon(Chikhli) (19) Kharda (Forest Village) (142) Shivoni (Chikhli) (20) Pimprad (Forest Village) (143) Paroti (21) Phaparwada (144) Sawargaon (22) Salabha i (Forest Village) (145) Jaldhara (Islapur) (23) Doldongargaon (146) Kothari (24) Machindra (147) Hudi (Islapur) (25) Pandwihir (148) Karanji (Islapur) (26) Jalka (149) Kupti Khurd (27) Pandhardevi (Forest Village) (150) Kupti Budruk (28) Ambora (Forest Village) (151) Wagdhari (29) Chinchoni Botoni (152) Talari (30) Awalgaon (Forest Village) (31) Kanhalagaon 8. The following in Amravati district:- (32) Khairgaon (33) Sarati (a) The tehsils of Chikhaldara and Dhani (34) Buranda (35) Durgada 9. The following in Yavatmal district (36) Wagdhara (37) Mendhani (a) (i) The one hundred thirty villages in (38) Ghanpur Maregaon tehsil as mentioned below : (39) Hatwaniri (40) Khapri Maregaon Tehsil (41) Uchatdevi (Forest Village) (1) Ghoguldara (42) Maregaon (Forest Village) (2) Shionala (43) Khandani (3) Buranda (44) Mhasdodka (4) Phapal (45) Palgaon (5) Kanhalgaon (46) Botoni (6) Khepadwai (47) Girjapur (Forest Village) (7) Ghodadhara (48) Pachpohar (8) Narsala (49) Ambezari (9) Dhamani (50) Rohapat (10) Madnapur (51) Raipur (11) Bori Khurd (52) Sagnapur (12) Pisgaon (53) Hiwara Barsa (13) Wadgaon (54) Rampur (14) Phiski (Forest Village) (55) Katli Borgaon (15) Bhalewadi (56) Pardi (16) Pathari (57) Shibla

210 (58) Chiali (Forest Village) (99) Araiakwad (59) Boargaon (Forest Village) (100) Gawara (60) Pendhari (101) Matharjun (61) Arjuni (102) Mahadapur (62) Kagaon (103) Pandharwani (63) Rajani (104) Demad Devi (64) Majara (105) Mandwa (65) Gangapur (Forest Village) (106) Dongargaon (Forest Village) (66) Bhoikund (Forest Village) (107) Dabhadi (67) Wadhona (108) Umari (68) Susari (109) Mudhati (69) Surla (110) Parsodi (70) Godani (111) Kodpakhindi (71) Nimani (112) Mangrul Khurd (72) Darara (113) Mangrul Badruk (73) Asan (114) Gopalpur (74) Jaglon (115) Rampeth (75) Zamkola (116) Chalbardi (76) Isapur (117) Jamani (77) Kilona (118) Shirola (78) Umarghat (119) Adkoli (79) Wallasa (120) Khalakloh (80) Junoni (Forest Village) (121) Birsapeth (81) Lenchori (122) Muchi (82) Chinchghar (123) Marki Budruk (83) Ambizari Khurd (124) Marki Khurd (84) Ambezari Badruk (125) Ganeshpur (85) Kargaon Khurd (126) Pawnar (Forest Village) (86) Nimbadevi (127) Krishnapur (Forest Village) (87) Tembhi (128) Khekadi (Forest Village) (88) Kundi (129) Shekapur (89) Mandiv (130) Yeoti. (90) Junoni (91) Parambha (ii) The forty-three villages in Ralegaon tehsil (92) Pokharni (Forest Village) as mentioned below :- (93) Piwardol (94) Bhorad (Forest Village) Ralegaon Tehsil (95) Chikhaldoh (1) Lohara (96) Mulgawaan (2) Eklara (97) Bhimnala (3) Sonerdi (98) Chatwan (4) Watkhed

211 (5) Jalka Kelapur tehsil as mentioned below and town (6) Wama Pandharkawada:- (7) Pimpari Durga (8) Mandawa Kelapur Tehsil (9) Kolwan (1) Mohdari (10) Soit (2) Jogin Kohla (11) Varud (3) Mira (12) Bukai (4) Jira (13) Zargad (5) Ghoddara (Forest Village) (14) Khadki Sukli (6) Sakhi Budruk (15) Dongargaon (7) Wadhona Khurd (16) Tejani (8) Zolapur (Forest Village) (17) Anji (9) Karanii (18) Loni (10) Wadhona Budruk (19) Borati (Forest Village) (11) Tiwsala (Forest Village) (20) Sarati (12) Kothada (21) Khairgaon Kasar (13) Surdevi (22) Wardha (14) Chanai (23) Bhulgad (15) Asoli (24) Pimpalshenda (75) (16) Mohada (25) Atmurdi (17) Karegaon (26) Sawarkhed (18) Chikhaldara (27) Chondhi (19) Krishnapur (28) Wadhoda (20) Dabha (29) Khemkund (21) Morwa (30) Pardi (Forest Village) (22) Khairgaon (31) Umarvihir (23) Wagholi (32) Adni (24) Kusal (33) Khatara (25) Chopan (34) Munzala (26) Malkapur (Forest Village) (35) Palaskund (27) Kgaon (36) Vihirgaon (28) Vadner (37) Khairgaon (29) Zuli (38) Deodhari (30) Bhad umari (39) Singaldip (31) Patoda (40) Sonurli (32) Pahapal (41) Shindola (33) Nagazari Khurd (42) Zotingdara (34) Baha ar (43) Sakhi Khurd. (35) Susari (36) Naiksukali (Forest Village) (iii) The one hundred three villages in (37) Pedhari

212 (38) Pilpali (79) Zunzapur (39) Dongaragaon (80) Gondwakadi (40) Both (81) Chalbardi (41) Malegaon Khurd (Forest Village) (82) Beluri (42) Hiwardari (Forest Village) (83) Tadumari (43) Malagaon Budruk (Forest Village) (84) Bargaon (44) Daryapur (85) Acoli Budruk (45) Pilwahari (86) Mahandoli (46) Arli (87) Sakhara (47) Hiwari (88) Marathwakadi (48) Pimpalshenda (89) Dhoki (49) Karagaon (90) Ballarpur (50) Wadwat (91) Tokwanjari (51) Khairi (92) Wanjari (52) Ghubadi (93) Khairgaon Budruk (53) Konghara (94) Tembhi (54) Sakhara Budruk (95) Radhapur (Forest Village) (55) Dharna (96) Pikhana (Forest Village) (56) Mangi (97) Wasari (57) Dhaki (98) Andharwadi (58) Wai (99) Yellapur (Forest Village) (59) Pimpalapur (100) Chanakha (60) Ganespur (101) Nimdheli (61) Khairgaon (102) Rudha (62) Pah (103) Sukli (63) Niljai (64) Margaon (iv) The ﬁ V y-ﬁ ve villages in Ghatanji tehsil as (65) Ambhora mentioned below :- (66) Dongargaon (67) Pimpari Ghatanji Tehsil (68) Khairgaon (1) Marweli (69) Muchi (2) Rajurwadi (70) Mangurda (3) Lingi (71) Pandharwani Budruk (Forest Village) (4) Koli Khurd (72) Kondhi (5) Koli Budruk (73) Wedad (6) Rampur Undharni (74) Baggi (7) Kapshi (75) Ghanmode (8) Datodi (76) Nandgaon (9) Gudha (77) Ganeshpur (30) (10) Warud (240) (78) Tatapur (11) Zaparwadi

213 (12) Umri (242) (53) Khapri (Forest Village) (13) Palodi (54) Honegaon (14) Kopri (244) (55) Ganeri (15) Ghoti 10. The following in Gadchiroli district:- (16) Bodadi (17) Mudhati (Forest Village) (a) The tehsils of E apalli Sironcha Aheri (18) Jalandri Dhanora Kurkheda. (19) Manusdhari (20) Ayate (b) (i) The sixty-two villages in Gadchiroli (21) Kap tehsil as mentioned below :- (22) Kavatha Budruk (23) Bilayat Gadchiroli Tehsil (24) Khadki (25) Chimta (1) Nawgaon (26) Kopri Khurd (2) Chak Churchura (27) Chincholi (268) (3) Kurhadi (28) Kindhi (Forest Village) (4) Chak Maushi (29) Gawara (Forest Village) (5) Murmadi (30) Titwi (6) Botheda (31) Muradgavhan (Forest Village) (7) Palandur (32) Pimpal Khuti (Forest Village) (8) Gilgaon (33) Kharoni (Forest Village) (9) Chak Kharpurdi (34) Wadhona (10) Japra (35) Dorli (11) Chak Dhibhana (36) Rahati (12) Marumbodi (37) Rasa (Forest Village) (13) Kurkheda (38) Zatala (14) Khursa (39) Chikhalwardha (15) Visapur (40) Tad-Sawali (16) Sonapur (41) Saifal (17) Mondha (42) Nagezari Budruk (18) Sawrgaon (43) Kawatha (Forest Village) (19) Kanri (44) Parwa (20) Pulkhal (45) Majhada (21) Mudza Budruk (46) Pardi (22) Mudza Tukum (47) Jamb (23) Krupala (48) Kaleshwar (24) Masli (49) Sherad (25) Ranbhumi (50) Dhunki (Forest Village) (26) Chandala (51) Mathani (Forest Village) (27) Ranmul (52) Rajagaon (Forest Village) (28) Kumbhi Patch (29) Kumbhi Mokasa

214 (30) Made Mul (4) Selda Tukum (31) Maroda (5) Selda Lambe (32) Kosamghat (6) Kasari Tukum (33) Raipur (7) asarigaon (34) Rawanzora (8) Shivrajpur (35) Pekinkasa (9) Potegaon (36) Sawela (10) Vihirgaon (37) Suimara (11) Pimpalgaon (38) Sakhera (12) Arat-tondi (39) Karkazara (13) Dongargaon (Halbi) (40) Kanhalgaon (14) Palasgaon (41) Keliga a (15) Navargaon (42) Tohagaon (16) Pathargota (43) Gajanguda (17) Mangewada (44) Banoli (18) Armori (45) Suryadongri (19) Salmara (46) Salaitola (20) Thanegaon (47) Bitantota (21) Patanwada (48) Potegaon (22) Puranawairagad (49) Rajoli (23) Deulgaon (50) Madras (24) Sukala (51) Jaller (25) Mohazari alias Sakharbodi (52) Devapur (26) Chak Kernada (53) Ramgad (27) Lohara (54) Gavalheti (28) Chak Sonpur (55) Deoda (29) Hirapur (56) Kharadguda (30) Dongartamsi (57) Talguda (31) Shiani Khurd (58) Jamgaon (32) Chavhela (59) Kadsi (33) Mohatala Chak Kukodi (60) Korkuti (34) Mendha (61) Nagweli (35) Dongartamsi Patch (62) Jalegaon. (36) Nagarwadi (37) Chak Naroti (ii) The seventy-four villages in Armori tehsil (38) Chak Kurandi as mentioned below :- (39) Wadegaon (40) Thotebodi Armori Tehsil (41) Dellanwadi (1) Koregaon (42) Manapur (2) Kalamgaon (43) Kosari (3) Kural (44) Mangoda

215 (45) Tultuli (7) Kalamgaon (46) Chaknagarwahi (8) Kurud (47) Vihirgaon (9) Maler (48) Kurandi (10) Kulegaon (49) Umari (11) Nachangaon (50) Yengada (12) Bhadbhid (51) Pisewadadha (13) Walsara (52) Paraswadi (14) Chak Visapur (53) Dawandi (15) Jogana (54) Khadaki (16) Murmuri (55) Bhakarandi (17) Rawanpalli (56) Naroti Malgujar (18) Sonapur (57) Koregaon (19) Darli (58) Warkheda (20) Rekhagaon (59) Kharadi (21) Yedanur (60) Bhansi (22) Pailsanpeth (61) Dorli (23) Pandhri Bhatal (62) Wanarchuwa (24) Rajanga a (63) Jambhali (25) Chak Amagaon No. 1 (64) Mendha (26) Mutnur (65) Narchuli (27) Abapur (66) Khairi (28) Murandapi (67) Maregaon Patch (29) Lenguda (68) Maregaon (30) Adyal (69) Chak Maregaon (31) Karkapalli (70) Chak Chicholi (32) Chak Karakapalli (71) Mousi Khamb (33) Jangamkurul (72) Belgaon (34) Fuser (73) Chicholi (35) Dhekani (74) Wankheda (36) Chak Mudholi No.2 (37) Lakshamanpur (iii) The one hundred thirty-two villages in (38) Saganapur Chamorshi tehsil as mentioned below :- (39) Amboli (40) Gahubodi Chamorshi Tehsil (41) Chak Narayanpur No. 1 (1) Saganpur (42) Chak Narayanpur No. 2 (2) Bandhona (43) Rajur Budruk (3) Gilgaon (44) Bhadbid (4) Bhendi Kanhal (45) Manger (5) Thatari (46) Chichpally (6) Chite Kanhar (47) Wanarchuwa

216 (48) Jairampur (89) Ambela (Forest village) (49) Waigaon (90) Ga a (Forest Village) (50) Narayanpur (91) Adgepalli (51) Rajur Khurd (92) Surgaon (Forest Village) (52) Haladwahi (93) Yellur (53) Mudholi (94) Thakari (54) Kothari (95) Rajga a (55) Bamhani Deo (96) Lohara (56) Somanpalli (97) Mukaritola (57) Kanhalgaon (98) Bholkhandi (Forest Village) (58) Singela (99) Hetalkasa (59) Belga a (100) Bolepalli (60) Pethtala (101) Pulligudam (61) Chak Pethtala No. 1 (102) Kunghada (62) Pardideo (103) Kunghada (63) Yadavpalli (104) Kalapur (64) Rajpur (105) Gangapur (65) Jambhalirith (106) Chandankhedi (66) Meteguda (107) Malera (67) Chak Belga a (108) Basarwada (68) Manjigaon (109) Chaprala (69) Machhalighot (110) Chaidampa i (70) Chak Makepalli No. 4 (111) Mukadi (Forest Village) (71) Darpanguda (112) Singanpalli (72) Chak Makepalli No. 2. (113) Dhamanpur (73) Chak Makepalli No. 3 (114) Kothari (930) (74) Garanji (115) Ambatpalli (75) Chak Made Amgaon (116) Gomani (76) Chak Made Amgaon No. 1 (117) Lagamhe i (77) Chak Made Amgaon No. 2 (118) Damapur (78) Tumdi (119) Bandukpalli (79) Regadi (120) Kodigaon (80) Makepalli Malgujari (121) Chichela (81) Borghat (122) Nagulwahi (82) Ashti Nokewada (123) Chintugunha (83) Bramhanpeth (124) Tumugunda (84) Venganur (125) Machinga a (85) Nokewada (126) Yella (86) Allapalli (127) Tikepalli (87) Rengewahi (128) Marpalli (88) Kolpalli (129) Jamgaon

217 (130) Kultha (33) Umarzara (131) Rampur (34) Yellapur (132) Lagam Chak. (35) Singar Pathar (36) Lambori 11. The following in Chandrapur district:- (37) Shedwai The one hundred eighty-two villages in Rajura (38) Narpathar tehsil as mentioned below :- (39) Kodapur (40) Gharpana Rajura Tehsil (41) Nokewada (1) Parasoda (42) Gudsela (2) Raipur (43) Wani (3) Kothoda Khurd (44) Kokazari (4) Govindpur (45) Mohda (5) Kothoda Budruk (46) Pudiyal Mohda (6) Mehandi (47) Kamalapur (7) Pardi (48) Chickhkhod (8) Jewra (49) Wansadi (9) Chanai Khurd (50) Paramba (10) Akola (51) Devghat (11) Korpana (52) Kusal (12) Durgadi (53) Dahegaon (13) Rupapeth (54) Sonurlo (14) Chanai Budruk (55) Kargaon Khurd (15) Mandwa (56) Dhanoli (16) Kanergaon Budruk (57) Piparda (17) Katlabodi (58) Chincholi (18) Shivapur (59) Kargaon Budruk (19) Chopan (60) Markagondi (20) Kerambodi (61) Belgaon (21) Kukulbodi (62) Zulbardi (22) Tippa (63) Sawalhira (23) Mangulhira (64) Khiragaon (24) Khadki (65) Pandharwani (25) Jamuldhara (66) Jambuldhara (26) Borgaon Budruk (67) Dhanak Devi (27) Borgaon Khurd (68) Yermi Isapur (28) Asapur (69) Sarangapur (29) Tangala (70) Jiwati (30) Khairgaon (71) Nagapur (31) Hatloni (72) Markalmo a (32) Yergoan (73) Dhonda Arguni

218 (74) Dhondha Mandwa (115) Tatakohadi (75) Teka Arjuni (116) Bhendvi (76) Teka Mandwa (117) Sukadpalli (77) Rahpalli Budruk (118) Markagondi (78) Chikhili (119) Titvi (79) Patan (120) Nadpa (80) Hirapur (121) Yergavan (81) Isapur (122) Kawadgondi (82) Asan Khurd (123) Sorakasa (83) Asan Budruk (124) Kusumbi (84) Pipalgaon (125) Jankapur (85) Palezari (126) Punaguda (Navegaon) (86) Borinavegaon (127) Dewada (87) Nanda (128) Khadki Raipur (88) Bibi (129) Govendpur (89) Dhunki (130) Maraipatan (90) Dhamangaon (131) Umarzara (91) Kakhampur (132) Rahpalli Khurd (92) Wadgaon (133) Dharamaram (93) Injapur (134) Bhoksapur (94) Chandur (135) Bambezari (95) Kukadsat (136) Bhari (96) Khirdi (137) Pandarwani (97) Thutra (138) Sindolta (98) Behlampur (139) Sondo (99) Manoli Khurd (140) Belgaon (100) Jamani (141) Kakadghat (101) Nokari Budruk (142) Ganeri (102) Sonapur (143) Khirdi (103) Upparwai (144) Sedwai (104) Bhurkunda Khurd (145) Babapur (105) Kaadki (146) Hirapur (106) Nokari Khurd (147) Sakhari (107) Nagrala (148) Manoli Budruk (108) Palezari (149) Goyegaon (109) Kakban (150) Hardona Khurd (110) Dongargaon (151) Hardona Budruk (111) Chikhali (152) Winirgaon (112) Bhurkhunda Budruk (153) Magi (113) Pachgaon (154) Wangi (114) Sengaon (155) Pandharpouni

219 (156) Aheri (170) Kelzari (157) Kochi (171) Navegaon (158) Goraj (172) Chinchala (159) Warur (173) Wirur (160) Raniwcli (174) Siddheshwar (161) Bhedoda (175) Gho a (162) Tembhurwahi (176) Dongargaon (163) Chirud (177) Subai (164) Chinchbodi (178) Kostala (165) Kawthala (179) Lakadkot (166) Sonurli (180) Ambezari (167) Sirsi (181) Antargaon (168) Berdi (182) Annur (169) Bhendala

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#The Scheduled Areas in the State of Maharashtra were originally speciﬁ ed by the Scheduled Areas (Part A States) Order, 1950 (C.O.9) dated 23.1.1950 and the Scheduled Areas (Part B States) Order, 1950 (C.O. 26) dated 7.12.1950 and have been respecifed under the Scheduled Areas (Maharashtra) Order, 1985 (C.O. 123) dated 2.12.1985 a er recinding the Orders cited earlier in so far as they related to the State of Maharashtra.

220 V. Orissa## VI. Rajasthan$

1. Mayurbhanj district 1. Banswara district 2. Sundargah district 2. Dungarpur district 3. Koraput district 3. The following in Udaipur district :- 4. Kuchinda tehsil in Sambalpur district (a) Tehsils of Phalsia, Kherwara, Kotra, 5. Keonjhar and Telkoi tehsils of keonjhar Sarada, Salumbar and Lasadia. sub-division, and Champua and Barbil (b) The eighty one villages of Girwa tehsils as tehsils of Champua sub-division in mentioned below: Keonjhar district. (i) Sisarma Devali, Baleecha, Sethji Ki Kundal, 6. Khondmals tehsil of Khondmals sub- Rayta, Kodiyat and Peepliya villages of division, and Balliguda and G. Udayagiri Sisarma panchayat, tehsils of Balliguda sub-division in Boudh- (ii) Bujra, Naya Gurha, Popalti and Naya Khondmals district Khera villages of Bujra Panchayat, 7. R. Udayagiri tehsil, and Guma and (iii) Nai village of Nai Panchayat, Rayagada Blocks of Parlakhemundi Tehsil (iv) Dodawali Kaliwas, Kar Nali Surna, of Parlakhemundi sub-division, and Borawara Ka Khera, Madri, Bachhar and Surada tehsil, exlcluding Gazalbadi and Keli villages of Dodawali Panchayat, Gocha Gram Panchayats of Ghumsur sub- (v) Bari Undri, Chhoti Undri, Peepalwas and division, in Ganjam district Kumariya Kherwa villages of Bari Undri 8. Thuamul Rampur Block of Kalahandi Panchayat, Tehsil, and Lanjigarh Block, falling in (vi) Alsigarh, Pai and Aar Villages of Alsigarh Lanjigarh and Kalahandi tehsils, in Panchayat, Bhawanipatna sub-division in Kalahandi (vii) Padoona Amarpura and Jawala villges of district. Padoona Panchayat, 9. Nilgiri Community Development Block (viii) Chanawada village of Chanawada of Nilgiri tehsil in Nilgiri Sub-division in panchayat, Balasore district. (ix) Saroo and Baran villages of Saroo Panchayat

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##The Scheduled Areas in the State of Orissa were originally speciﬁ ed by the Scheduled Areas (Part A States) Order, 1950 (Constitution Order, 9) dated 23.1.1950 and the Scheduled Areas (Part B States) Order, 1950, (Constitution Order, 26) dated 7.12.1950 and have been respeciﬁ ed as above by the Scheduled Areas (States of Bihar Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and Orissa) Order, 1977, (Constitution Order, 109) dated 31.12.1977 a er rescinding the Orders cited earlier in so far as they related to the State of Orissa.

$ The Scheduled Areas in the State of Rajasthan were originally speciﬁ ed under the Scheduled Areas (Part B States) Order, 1950 (C.O. 26) dated 7.12.1950 and have been respecifed vide the Scheduled Areas (State of Rajasthan) Order, 1981 (C.O. 114) dated 12.2.1981 a er recinding the Order cited earlier in so far as it related to the State of Rajasthan.

221 (x) Teeri, Borikuwa and Gojiya villages of Panchayat. Terri Panchayat. 4. Pratapgarh tehsil in Chi aurgrah district. (xi) Jawar, Rawan, Dhawari Talai, Nayakhera, 5. Abu Road Block of Abu Road tehsil in Kanpur and Udaiya Khera villages of Sirohi district. Jawar Panchayat (xii) Barapal, Torana Talab and Kadiya Khet villages of Barapal Panchayat, VII. Jharkhand$$ (xiii) Kaya and Chandani Villages of Kaya Panchayat 1. Ranchi District (xiv) Teetardi, Phanda, Biliya, Dakankotra, 2. Lohardaga District Dholiya Ki Pati and Saweena Khera 3. Gumla District villages of Teetardi Panchayat, 4. Simdega District (xv) Kanpur village of Kanpur Panchayat 5. Latehar District (xvi) Wali, Boodel, Lalpura, Parawal, Kheri and 6. East Singhbhum District Jaspur vllages of Wali Panchayat. 7. West Singhbhum District (xvii) Chansada, Damaron Ka Guda, Mamadeo, 8. Sarikela-Kharsawan District Jhamar Kotra, Sathpura Gujaran, Sathpura 9. Sahebganj District Meenan. Jali Ka Gurha, Kharwa, Manpura 10. Dumka District and Jodhipuriya villages of Chansada 11. Pakur District Panchayat. 12. Jamtara District (xviii)Jagat village of Jagat Panchayat 13. Palamu District-Rabda and Bakoria (xix) Dateesar, Runeeja, Basu and Rodda Panchayats of Satbarwa Block villages of Dateesar Panchayat, 14 Garhwa district- Bhandaria Block (xx) Lokarwas and Parola villages of Lokarwas 15. Godda District-Sunderpahari and Boarĳ or Panchayat Blocks. (xxi) Bhala Ka gurha, Karget, Bhesadha and Bichhri villages of Bhala Ka Gurha

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$$ The Scheduled Areas in the composite State of Bihar were originally specifi ed by the Scheduled Areas (Part A States) Order, 1950 (Constitution Order, 9) dated 23.1.1950 and therea er they had been respecifi ed by the Scheduled Areas (States of Bihar, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and Orissa) Order, 1977 (Constitution Order, 109) dated 31.12.1977 a er rescinding the Order cited fi rst so far as that related to the State of Bihar. Consequent upon formation of new State of Jharkhand vide the Bihar Reorganisation Act, 2000 , the Scheduled Areas which were specifi ed in relation to the composite State of Bihar stood transferred to the newly formed State of Jharkhand. The Scheduled Areas of Jharkhand have been specifi ed by the Scheduled Areas (States of Chha isgarh,Jharkhand and Madhya Pradesh) Order , 2003 (Constitution Order, 192) dated 20.2.2003 a er rescinding the order dated 31.12.77 so far as that related to the State of Bihar. The Schedule Area of Jharkhand specifi ed in the the Scheduled Areas (States of Chha isgarh,Jharkhand and Madhya Pradesh) Order , 2003 (Constitution Order, 192) have been rescinded vide the Scheduled Areas (State of Jharkhand) Order, 2007 (C.O. 229) dated 11.04.07.

222 VIII. Madhya Pradesh$$$ 14. Pali Tribal Development Block in Pali tehsil of Umaria district 1. Jhabua district 15. Kusmi Tribal Development Block in Kusmi 2. Mandla district tehsil of Sidhi district 3. Dindori district 16. Karahal Tribal Development Block in 4. Barwani district Karahal tehsil of Sheopur district 5. Sardarpur, Dhar, Kukshi, Dharampuri, 17. Tamia and Jamai tehsils, patwari circle Gandhwani and Manawar tehsils in Dhar Nos. 10 to 12 and 16 to 19, villages district Siregaon Khurd and Kirwari in patwari 6. Bhagwanpura, Segaon, Bhikangaon, circle no. 09, villages Mainawari and Jhirniya, Khargone and Meheshwar tehsils Gaulie Parasia of patwari circle No. 13 in in Khargone (West Nimar) district Parasia tehsil, village Bamhani of Patwari 7. Khalwa Tribal Development Block circle No. 25 in Chhindwara tehsil, Harai of Harsud tehsil and Khaknar Tribal Tribal Development Block and patwari Development Block of Khaknar tehsil in circle Nos. 28 to 36,41,43,44 and 45B in Khandwa (East Nimar) district Amarwara tehsil 8. Sailana and Bajna tehsils in Ratlam Bichhua tehsil and patwari circle Nos. district 05,08,09,10,11 and 14 in Saunsar tehsil, 9. Betul tehsil (excluding Betul Development Patwari circle Nos. 01 to 11 and 13 to Block) and Bhainsdehi and Shahpur tehsils 26, and patwari circle no. 12 (excluding in Betul district village Bhuli), village Nandpur of patwari 10. Lakhanadone, Ghansaur and Kurai tehsils circle No. 27, villages Nikanth and in Seoni district Dhawdikhapa of patwari circle no 28 in 11. Baihar tehsil in Balaghat district Pandurna tehsil of Chhindwara district. 12. Kesla Tribal Development Block of Itarsi tehsil in Hoshangabad district IX. Chha isgarh$$$ 13. Pushparajgarh, Anuppur, Jaithari, Kotma, Jaitpur, Sohagpur and Jaisinghnagar 1. Surguja district tehsils of Shahdol district 2. Koria district

______

$$$ The Scheduled Areas in the State of Madhya Pradesh were originally specifi ed by the Scheduled Areas (Part A States), Order, 1950 (Constitution Order, 9) dated 23.1.1950 and the Scheduled Areas (Part B States) Order, 1950. (Constitution Order 26) dated 7.12.1950 and had been respecifi ed as above by the Scheduled Areas (States of Bihar, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and Orissa) Order, 1977, (Constitution Order, 109) dated 31.12.1977 a er rescinding the Orders citied earlier in so far as they related to the State of Madhya Pradesh. Consequent uon for the formation of new State of Chha isgarh by the Madhya Pradesh Reorgnaisation Act, 2000 some Scheduled Areas stood transferred to the newly formed State of Chha isgarh. Accordingly, the Scheduled Areas have been respecifi ed by the Scheduled Areas (States of Chha isgarh, Jharkhand and Madhya Pradesh) Order , 2003 (Constitution Order, 192) dated 20.2.2003 a er rescinding the Order dated 31.12.77 so far as that related to the States of Madhya Pradesh.

223 3. Bastar district 10. Dondi Tribal Development Block in Durg 4. Dantewara district district 5. Kanker district 11. Chauki, Manpur and Mohla Tribal 6. Marwahi,Gorella-I, Gorella-2 Tribal Development Blocks in Rajnandgaon Development Blocks and Kota Revenue district Inspector Circle in Bilaspur district 12. Gariaband, Mainpur and Chhura Tribal 7. Korba district Development Blocks in Raipur district 8. Jashpur district 13. Nagri (Sihawa) Tribal Development Block 9. Dharmjaigarh, Gharghoda, Tamnar, in Dhamtari district Lailunga and Kharsia Tribal Development Blocks in Raigarh district

224 ANNEXURE-3

State-wise List of notiﬁ ed Scheduled Tribes in India

I. Andhra Pradesh 25. Porja, Parangiperja 1. Andh, Sadhu Andh 26. Reddi Dhoras 2. Bagata 3. Bhil 27. Rona, Rena 4. Chenchu 28. Savaras, Kapu Savaras, Maliya Savaras, 5. Gadabas, Bodo Gadaba, Gutob Gadaba, Khu o Savaras Kallayi Gadaba, Parangi Gadaba, 29. Sugalis, Lambadis, Banjara Kathera Gadaba, Kapu Gadaba 30. Thoti (in Adilabad, Hyderabad, 6. Gond, Naikpod, Rajgond, Koitur Karimnagar, Khammam, Mahbubnagar, 7. Goudu (in the Agency tracts) Medak, Nalgonda, Nizamabad and 8. Hill Reddis Warangal districts) 9. Jatapus 31. Valmiki (in the Scheduled Areas 10. Kammara of Vishakhapatnam, Srikakulam, 11. Ka unayakan Vĳ ayanagram, East Godavari and West 12. Kolam, Kolawar Godavari districts) 13. Konda Dhoras, Kubi 32. Yenadis, Chella Yenadi, Kappala 14. Konda Kapus Yenadi, Manchi Yenadi, Reddi Yenadi 15. Kondareddis 33. Yerukulas, Koracha, Dabba Yerukula, 16. Kondhs, Kodi, Kodhu, Desaya Kondhs, Kunchapuri Yerukula, Uppu Yerukula Dongria Kondhs, Ku iya Kondhs, Tikiria 34. Nakkala, Kurvikaran Kondhs, Yenity Kondhs, Kuvinga 35. Dhulia, Paiko, Putiya (in the districts of 17. Kotia, Bentho Oriya, Bartika, Dulia, Holva, Vishakhapatnam and Vĳ ayanagaram) Sanrona, Sidhopaiko 18. Koya, Doli Koya, Gu a Koya, Kammara II. Arunanchal Pradesh Koya, Musara Koya,Oddi Koya, Pa idi All tribes in the State including : - Koya, Rajah, Rasha Koya, Lingadhari 1. Abor Koya (ordinary), Ko u Koya, Bhine 2. Aka Koya, Rajkoya 3. Apatani 19. Kulia 4. Daﬂ a 20. Malis (excluding Adilabad, Hyderabad, 5. Galong Karimnagar, Khammam, Mahbubnagar, 6. Khampti Medak, Nalgonda, Nizamabad and 7. Khowa Warangal districts) 8. Mishmi, Idu, Taroan 21. Manna Dhora 9. Momba 22. Mukha Dhora, Nooka Dhora 10. Any Naga tribes 23. Nayaks (in the Agency tracts) 11. Sherdukpen 24. Pardhan 12. Singpho

225 13. Hrusso (xxvi) Mangjel 14. Tagin (xxvii) Misao 15. Khamba (xxviii) Riang 16. Adi (xxix) Sairhem (xxx) Selnam III. Assam (xxxi) Singson **I.In the autonomous Districts of Karbi (xxxii) Sitlhou Anglong and North Cachar Hills. (xxxiii) Sukte 1. Chakma (xxxiv) Thado 2. Dimasa, Kachari (xxxv) Thangngeu 3. Garo (xxxvi) Uibuh 4. Hajong (xxxvii) Vaiphei 5. Hmar 8. Lakher 6. Khasi, Jaintia, Synteng, Pnar,War, Bhoi, 9. Man (Tai speaking) Lyngngam 10. Any Mizo (Lushai) tribes 7. Any Kuki tribes, including: - 11. Karbi (i) Biate, Biete 12. Any Naga tribes (ii) Changsan 13. Pawi (iii) Chongloi 14. Syntheng (iv) Doungel 15. Lalung (v) Gamalhou (vi) Gangte **II. In the State of Assam including the Bodo (vii) Guite land territorial Areas District and excluding (viii) Hanneng the autonomous districts of Karbi Anglong (ix) Haokip, Haupit and North Cachar Hills : (x) Haolai (xi) Hengna 1. Barmans in Cachar (xii) Hongsungh 2. Boro, Borokachari (xiii) Hrangkhwal, Rangkhol 3. Deori (xiv) Jongbe 4. Hojai (xv) Khawchung 5. Kachari, Sonwal (xvi) Khawathlang, Khothalong 6. Lalung (xvii) Khelma 7. Mech (xviii) Kholhou 8. Miri (xix) Kipgen 9. Rabha (xx) Kuki 10. Dimasa (xxi) Lengthang 11. Hajong (xxii) Lhangum 12. Singhpho (xxiii) Lhoujem 13. Khampti (xxiv) Lhouvun 14. Garo (xxv) Lupheng

226 IV. Bihar 5. Bharia Bhumia, Bhuinhar Bhumia, 1. Asur, Agaria Bhumiya, Bharia, Paliha, Pando 2. Baiga 6. Bha ra 3. Banjara 7. Bhil, Bhilala, Barela, Patelia 4. Bathudi 8. Bhil Mina 5. Bedia 9. Bhunjia 6. Omi ed 10. Biar, Biyar 7. Binjhia 11. Binjhwar 8. Birhor 12. Birhul, Birhor 9. Birjia 13. Damor, Damaria 10. Chero 14. Dhanwar 11. Chik Baraik 15. Gadaba, Gadba 12. Gond 16. Gond, Arakh, Arrakh, Agaria, Asur, Badi 13. Gorait Maria, Bada Maria, Bhatola, Bhimma, 14. Ho Bhuta, Koliabhuta, Koliabhuti, Bhar, 15. Karmali Bisonhorn Maria, Chota Maria, Dandami 16. Kharia,Dhelki Kharia, Dudh Kharia, Hill Maria, Dhuru, Dhurwa, Dhoba, Dhulia, Kharia Dorla, Gaiki, Ga a, Ga i, Gaita, Gond 17. Kharwar Gowari, Hill Maria, Kandra, Kalanga, 18. Khond Khatola, Koitar, Koya, Khirwar, Khirwara, 19. Kisan, Nagesia Kucha Maria, Kuchaki Maria, Madia, 20. Kora, Mudi-Kora Maria, Mana, Mannewar, Moghya, Mogia, 21. Korwa Monghya, Mudia, Muria, Nagarchi, 22. Lohara, Lohra Nagwanshi, Ojha, Raj, Sonjhari Jhareka, 23. Mahli Thatia, Thotya, Wade Maria, Vade Maria, 24. Mal Paharia, Kumarbhag Paharia Daroi 25. Munda, Patar 17. Halba, Halbi 26. Oraon, Dhangar(Oraon) 18. Kamar 27. Parhaiya 19. Karku 28. Santal 20. Kawar, Kanwar, Kaur, Cherwa, Rathia, 29. Sauria Paharia Tanwar, Cha ri 30. Savar 21. Khairwar, Kondar 31. Kawar 22. Kharia 32. Kol 23. Kondh, Khond,Kandh 33. Tharu 24. Kol 25. Kolam V. Chha isgarh 26. Korku, Bopchi, Mouasi, Nihal, Nahul 1. Agariya Bondhi, Bondeya 2. Andh 27. Korwa, Kodaku 3. Baiga 28. Majhi 4. Bhaina 29. Majhwar

227 30. Mawasi VII. Gujarat 31. Munda 1. Barda 32. Nagesia, Nagasia 2. Bavacha, Bamcha 33. Oraon, Dhanka, Dhangad 3. Bharwad (in the Nesses of the forests of 34. Pao Alech, Barada and Gir) 35. Pardhan, Pathari, Saroti 4. Bhil, Bhil Garasia, Dholi Bhil, Dungri Bhil, 36. Pardhi, Bahelia, Bahellia, Chita Pardhi, Dungri Garasia, Mewasi Bhil, Rawal Bhil, Langoli Pardhi, Phans Pardhi, Shikari, Tadvi Bhil, Bhagalia, Bhilala, Pawra, Takankar, Takia [In (i) Bastar, Dantewara, Vasava, Vasave. Kanker, Raigarh, Jashpurnagar, Surguja 5. Charan (in the Nesses of the forests of and Koria districts, and (ii) Katghora, Pali, Alech, Barada and Gir) Kartala and Korba tehsils of Korba district, 6. Chaudhri (in Surat and Valsad districts) (iii) Bilaspur, Pendra, Kota and Takhatpur 7. Chodhara tehsils of Bilaspur district, (iv) Durg, Patan 8. Dhanka,Tadvi, Tetaria, Valvi Gunderdehi, Dhamdha, Balod, Gurur and 9. Dhodia , Dhodi Dondilohara tehsils of Durg district, (v) 10. Dubla, Talavia, Halpati Chowki, Manpur and Mohala Revenue 11. Gamit, Gamta, Gavit, Mavchi, Padvi Inspector Circles Of Rajnandgaon district, 12. Gond, Rajgond (vi) Mahasamund Saraipali and Basna 13. Kathodi, Katkari, Dhor Kathodi, Dhor tehsils of Mahasamund district, (vii) Katkari, Son Kathodi, Son Katkari Bindra-Navagarh Rajim and Deobhog 14. Kokna, Kokni, Kukna tehsils of Raipur district, and (viii) 15. Omi ed Dhamtari, Kurud and Sihava tehsils of 16. Koli Dhor, Tokre Koli, Kolcha, Kolgha Dhamtari district] 17. Kunbi (in the Dangs district) 37. Parja 18. Naikda, Nayaka, Cholivala Nayaka, 38. Sahariya, Saharia, Seharia, Sehria, Sosia, Kapadia Nayaka, Mota Nayaka, Nana Sor Nayaka 39. Saonta, Saunta 19. Padhar 40. Saur 20. Omi ed 41. Sawar, Sawara 21. Pardhi, Advichincher, Phanse Pardhi 42. Sonr. (excluding Amreli, Bhavanagar, Jamnagar, Junagadh, Kutch, Rajkot and VI. Goa Surendranagar districts) 1. Dhodia 22. Patelia 2. Dubla (Halpati) 23. Pomla 3. Naikda (Talavia) 24. Rabari (in the Nesses of the forests of 4. Siddi (Nayaka) Alech, Barada and Gir) 5. Varli. 25. Rathawa 6. Kunbi 26. Siddi , Siddi-Badshan (in Amreli, 7. Gawda Bhavnagar, Jamnagar, Junagadh, Rajkot 8. Velip. and Surendranagar districts)

228 27. Omi ed 8. Birjia 28. Varli 9. Chero 29. Vitolia, Kotwalia, Barodia 10. Chik Baraik 30. Bhil, Bhilala Barela, Patelia 11. Gond 31. Tadvi Bhil, Bawra,Vasave, 12. Gorait 32. Padvi. 13. Ho 14. Karmali VIII. Himachal Pradesh 15. Kharia,Dhelki Kharia, Dudh Kharia, Hill 1. Bhot, Bodh Kharia 2. Gaddi 16. Kharwar 3. Gujjar 17. Khond 4. Jad, Lamba, Khampa 18. Kisan, Nagesia 5. Kanaura, Kinnara 19. Kora, Mudi-Kora 6. Lahaula 20. Korwa 7. Pangwala 21. Lohra 8. Swangla 22. Mahli 9. Beta, Beda 23. Mal Paharia, Kumarbhag Paharia 10. Domba, Gara, Zoba 24. Munda, Patar 25. Oraon, Dhangar(Oraon) IX. Jammu & Kashmir 26. Parhaiya 1. Balti 27. Santal 2. Beda 28. Sauria Paharia 3. Bot, Boto 29. Savar 4. Brokpa, Drokpa, Dard, Shin 30. Bhumĳ 5. Changpa 31. Kawar 6. Garra 32. Kol 7. Mon 8. Purigpa XI. Karnataka 9. Gujjar 1. Adiyan 10. Bakarwal 2. Barda 11. Gaddi 3. Bavacha, Bamcha 12. Sippi 4. Bhil, Bhil Garasia, Dholi Bhil, Dungri Bhil, Dungri Garasia, Mewasi Bhil, Rawal X. Jharkhand Bhil, Tadvi Bhil, Bhagalia, Bhilala, Pawra, 1. Asur, Agaria Vasava, Vasave 2. Baiga 5. Chenchu, Chenchwar 3. Banjara 6. Chodhara 4. Bathudi 7. Dubla, Talavia, Halpati 5. Bedia 8. Gamit, Gamta, Gavit, Mavchi, Padvi, 6. Binjhia Valvi 7. Birhor 9. Gond, Naikpod, Rajgond

229 10. Gowdalu 45. Soligaru 11. Hakkipikki 46. Toda 12. Hasalaru 47. Varli 13. Irular 48. Vitolia, Kotwalia, Barodia 14. Iruliga 49. Yerava 15. Jenu Kuruba 50. Siddi (in U ar Kannada district) 16. Kadu Kuruba 17. Kammara (in South Kanara district and XII. Kerala Kollegal taluk of Mysore district) 1. Adiyan 18. Kaniyan, Kanyan (in Kollegal taluk of 2. Arandan , Aranadan Mysore district) 3. Eravallan 19. Kathodi, Katkari, Dhor Kathodi, Dhor 4. Hill Pulaya, Mala Pulayan, Kurumba Katkari, Son Kathodi, Son Katkari Pulayan, Karavazhi Pulayan, Pamba 20. Ka unayakan Pulayan 21. Kokna, Kokni, Kukna 5. Irular, Irulan 22. Koli Dhor, Tokre Koli, Kolcha, Kolgha 6. Kadar , Wayanad Kadar 23. Konda Kapus 7. Omi ed 24. Koraga 8. Kanikaran, Kanikkar 25. Kota 9. Ka unayakan 26. Koya, Bhine Koya, Rajkoya 10. Kochuvelan 27. Kudiya Melakudi 11. Omi ed 28. Kuruba (in Coorg district) 12. Omi ed 29. Kurumans 13. Koraga 30. Maha Malasar 14. Omi ed 31. Malaikudi 15. Kudiya, Melakudi 32. Malasar 16. Kurichchan, Kurichiyan 33. Malayekandi 17. Kurumans , Mullu Kuruman, Mulla 34. Maleru Kuruman, Mala Kuruman 35. Maratha (in Coorg district) 18. Kurumbas, Kurumbar, Kurumban 36. Marati (in south Kanara district) 19. Maha Malasar 37. Meda Medari, Gauriga, Burud 20. Malai Arayan, Mala Arayan 38. Naikda, Nayaka, Cholivala Nayaka, 21. Malai Pandaram Kapadia Nayaka, Mota Nayaka, Nana 22. Malai Vedan, Malavedan Nayaka, Naik, Nayak, Beda, Bedar, and 23. Malakkuravan Valmiki. 24. Malasar 39. Palliyan 25. Malayan, Na u Malayan, Konga Malayan 40. Paniyan (excluding the areas comprising the 41. Pardhi, Advichincher, Phanse Pardhi Kasargode, Connanore, Wayanad and Haranshikari Kozhikode districts) 42. Patelia 26. Malayarayar 43. Rathawa 27. Mannan 44. Sholaga

230 28. Omi ed Gowari, Hill Maria, Kandra, Kalanga, 29. Muthuvan, Mudugar, Muduvan Khatola, Koitar, Koya, Khirwar, Khirwara, 30. Palleyan, Palliyan, Palliyar, Paliyan Kucha Maria, Kuchaki Maria, Madia, 31. Omi ed Maria, Mana, Mannewar, Moghya, Mogia, 32. Omi ed Monghya, Mudia, Muria, Nagarchi, 33. Paniyan Nagwanshi, Ojha, Raj, Sonjhari Jhareka, 34. Ulladan , Ullatan Thatia, Thotya, Wade Maria, Vade Maria, 35. Uraly Daroi 36. Mala Ve uyan (in Kasargode and Kannur 17. Halba, Halbi districts) 18. Kamar 37. Ten Kurumban, Jenu Kurumban 19. Karku 38. Thachanadan, Thachanadan Moopan 20. Kawar, Kanwar, Kaur, Cherwa, Rathia, 39. Cholanaickan Tanwar, Cha ri 40. Mavilan 21. (Omi ed) 41. Karimpalan 22. Khairwar, Kondar 42. Ve a Kuruman 23. Kharia 43. Mala Panickar 24. Kondh, Khond, Kandh 25. Kol XIII. Madhya Pradesh 26. Kolam 1. Agariya 27. Korku, Bopchi, Mouasi, Nihal, Nahul 2. Andh Bondhi, Bondeya 3. Baiga 28. Korwa, Kodaku 4. Bhaina 29. Majhi 5. Bharia Bhumia, Bhuinhar Bhumia, 30. Majhwar Bhumiya, Bharia, Paliha, Pando 31. Mawasi 6. Bha ra 32. Omi ed 7. Bhil, Bhilala, Barela, Patelia 33. Munda 8. Bhil Mina 34. Nagesia, Nagasia 9. Bhunjia 35. Oraon, Dhanka, Dhangad 10. Biar, Biyar 36. Panika [in (i) Chhatarpur, Panna, Rewa, 11. Binjhwar Satna, Shahdol, Umaria, Sidhi and 12. Birhul, Birhor Tikamgarh districts, and (ii) Sevda and 13. Damor, Damaria Datia tehsils of Datia district] 14. Dhanwar 37. Pao 15. Gadaba, Gadba 38. Pardhan, Pathari, Saroti 16. Gond; Arakh, Arrakh, Agaria, Asur, Badi 39. Omi ed Maria, Bada Maria, Bhatola, Bhimma, 40. Pardhi, Bahelia, Bahellia, Chita Pardhi, Bhuta, Koliabhuta, Koliabhuti, Bhar, Langoli Pardhi, Phans Pardhi, Shikari, Bisonhorn Maria, Chota Maria, Dandami Takankar, Takia [In (i) Chhindwara, Maria, Dhuru, Dhurwa, Dhoba, Dhulia, Mandla, Dindori and Seoni districts, (ii) Dorla, Gaiki, Ga a, Ga i, Gaita, Gond Baihar Tehsil of Balaghat District, (iii)

231 Bhimma, Bhuta, Koilabhuta, Koilabhuti, Betul, Bhainsdehi and Shahpur tehsils of Bhar, Bisonhorn Maria, Chota Maria, Betul district, (iv) Patan tehsil and Sihora Dandami Maria, Dhuru, Dhurwa, Dhoba, and Majholi blocks of Jabalpur district, (v) Dhulia, Dorla, Gaiki, Ga a, Ga i, Gaita, Katni (Murwara) and Vĳ aya Raghogarh Gond Gowari, Hill Maria, Kandara, tehsils and Bahoriband and Dhemerkheda Kalanga, Khatola, Koitar, Koya, Khirwar, blocks of Katni district, (vi) Hoshangabad Khirwara, Kucha Maria, Kuchaki Maria, , Babai, Sohagpur, Pipariya and Bankhedi Madia, Maria, Mana, Mannewar, Moghya, tehsils and Kesla block of Hoshangabad Mogia, Monghya, Mudia, Muria, Nagarchi, district, (vii) Narsinghpur district, and Naikpod, Nagwanshi, Ojha, Raj, Sonjhari (viii)Harsud Tehsil of Khandwa district] Jhareka, Thatia, Thotya, Wade Maria, Vade 41. Parja Maria. 42. Sahariya, Saharia, Seharia, Sehria, Sosia, 19. Halba, Halbi Sor 20. Kamar 43. Saonta, Saunta 21. Kathodi, Katkari, Dhor Kathodi, Dhor 44. Saur Kathkari, Son Kathodi, Son Katkari 45. Sawar, Sawara 22. Kawar, Kanwar, Kaur, Cherwa, Rathia, 46. Sonr. Tanwar, Cha ri 23. Khairwar XIV. Maharashtra 24. Kharia 1. Andh 25. Kokna, Kokni, Kukna 2. Baiga 26. Kol 3. Barda 27. Kolam, Mannervarlu 4. Bavacha, Bamcha 28. Koli Dhor; Tokre Koli, Kolcha, Kolgha 5. Bhaina 29. Koli Mahadev, Dongar Koli 6. Bharia Bhumia, Bhuinhar Bhumia, Pando 30. Koli Malhar 7. Bha ra 31. Kondh, Khond, Kandh 8. Bhil, Bhil Garasia, Dholi Bhil, Dungri 32. Korku, Bopchi, Mouasi, Nihal, Nahul, Bhil, Dungri Garasia, Mewasi Bhil, Rawal Bondhi, Bondeya Bhil, Tadvi Bhil, Bhagalia, Bhilala Pawra, 33. Koya, Bhine Koya, Rajkoya Vasava, Vasave 34. Nagesia, Nagasia 9. Bhunjia 35. Naikda, Nayaka, Cholivala Nayaka, 10. Binjhwar Kapadia Nayaka,, Mota Nayaka, Nana 11. Birhul, Birhor Nayaka 12. Omi ed 36. Oraon, Dhangad 13. Dhanka, Tadvi, Tetaria, Valvi 37. Pardhan, Pathari, Saroti 14. Dhanwar 38. Pardhi, Advichincher, Phans Pardhi, 15. Dhodia Phanse Pardhi, Langoli Pardhi, Bahelia, 16. Dubla Talavia, Halpati Bahellia, Chita Pardhi, Shikari, Takankar, 17. Gamit, Gamta, Gavit, Mavchi, Padvi Takia 18. Gond, Rajgond, Arakh, Arrakh, Agaria, 39. Parja Asur, Badi Maria, Bada Maria, Bhatola, 40. Patelia 41. Pomla

232 42. Rathawa 33. Any Kuki tribes. 43. Sawar, Sawara 44. Thakur, Thakar, Ka Thakur , Ka Thakar, XVI. Meghalaya Ma Thakur, Ma Thakar 1. Chakma 45. Omi ed 2. Dimasa, Kachari 46. Varli 3. Garo 47. Vitolia, Kotwalia, Barodia 4. Hajong 5. Hmar XV. Manipur 6. Khasi, Jaintia, Synteng, Pnar, War, Bhoi, 1. Aimol Lyngngam 2. Anal 7. Any Kuki tribes, including:- 3. Angami i. Biate, Biete 4. Chiru ii. Changsan 5. Chothe iii. Chongloi 6. Gangte iv. Doungel 7. Hmar v. Gamalhou 8. Kabui vi. Gangte 9. Kacha Naga vii. Guite 10. Koirao viii. Hanneng 11. Koireng ix. Haokip, Haupit 12. Kom x. Haolai 13. Lamgang xi. Hengna 14. Mao xii. Hongsungh 15. Maram xiii. Hrangkhwal, Rangkhol 16. Maring xiv. Jongbe 17. Any Mizo (Lushai) tribes xv. Khawchung 18. Monsang xvi. Khawathlang, Khothalong 19. Moyon xvii. Khelma 20. Paite xviii. Kholhou 21. Purum xix. Kipgen 22. Ralte xx. Kuki 23. Sema xxi. Lengthang 24. Simte xxii. Lhangum 25. Suhte xxiii. Lhoujem 26. Tangkhul xxiv. Lhouvun 27. Thadou xxv. Lupheng 28. Vaiphei xxvi. Mangjel 29. Zou xxvii. Misao 30. Poumai Naga xxviii. Riang 31. Tarao xxix. Sairhem 32. Kharam xxx. Selnam

233 xxxi. Singson (xv) Khawchung xxxii. Sitlhou (xvi) Khawathlang or Khothalong xxxiii. Sukte (xvii) Khelma xxxiv. Thado (xviii) Kholhou xxxv. Thangngeu (xix) Kipgen xxxvi. Uibuh (xx) Kuki xxxvii. Vaiphei (xxi) Lengthang 8. Lakher (xxii) Lhangum 9. Man (Tai Speaking) (xxiii) Lhoujem 10. Any Mizo (Lushai) tribes (xxiv) Lhouvun 11. Mikir (xxv) Lupheng 12. Any Naga tribes (xxvi) Mangjel 13. Pawi (xxvii) Missao 14. Synteng (xxviii) Riang 15. Boro Kacharis (xxix) Siarhem 16. Koch (xxx) Selnam 17. Raba, Rava (xxxi) Singson (xxxii) Sitlhou XVII. Mizoram (xxxiii) Sukte 1. Chakma (xxxiv) Thado 2. Dimasa (Kachari) (xxxv) Thangngeu 3. Garo (xxxvi) Uibuh 4. Hajong (xxxvii) Vaiphei 5. Hmar 8. Lakher 6. Khasi and Jaintia, (Including Khasi, 9. Man (Tai-speaking) Synteng or Pnar, War, Bhoi or Lyngngam) 10. Any Mizo (Lushai) tribes 7. Any Kuki tribes, including: - 11. Mikir (i) Baite or Beite 12. Any Naga tribes. (ii) Changsan 13. Pawi (iii) Chongloi 14. Synteng (iv) Doungel 15. Paite (v) Gamalhou (vi) Gangte XVIII. Nagaland (vii) Guite 1. Naga (viii) Hanneng 2. Kuki (ix) Haokip or Haupit 3. Kachari (x) Haolai 4. Mikir (xi) Hengna 5. Garo (xii) Hongsungh (xiii) Hrangkhwal or Rangkhol XIX. Orissa (xiv) Jongbe 1. Bagata, Bhakta

234 2. Baiga Muli Kondh, Malua Kondh, Pengo 3. Banjara, Banjari Kandha, Raja Kondh, Raj Khond 4. Bathudi, Bathuri 32. Kisan, Nagesar, Nagesia 5. Bho ada, Dhotada Bhotra, Bhatra, 33. Kol Bha ara, Bhotora, Bhatara 34. Kolah Laharas, Kol Loharas 6. Bhuiya, Bhuyan 35. Kolha 7. Bhumia 36. Koli, Malhar 8. Bhumĳ , Teli Bhumĳ , Haladipokhria 37. Kondadora Bhumĳ , Haladi Pokharia Bhumĳ a, Desi 38. Kora, Khaira, Khayara Bhumĳ , Desia Bhumĳ , Tamaria Bhumĳ 39. Korua 9. Bhunjia 40. Kotia 10. Binjhal, Binjhwar 41. Koya, Gumba Koya, Koitur Koya, Kamar 11. Binjhia, Binjhoa Koya, Musara Koya 12. Birhor 42. Kulis 13. Bondo Poraja, Bonda Paroja, Banda Paroja 43. Lodha, Nodh, Nodha, Lodh 14. Chenchu 44. Madia 15. Dal 45. Mahali 16. Desua Bhumji 46. Mankidi 17. Dharua, Dhuruba, Dhurva 47. Mankirdia, Mankria, Mankidi 18. Didayi, Didai Paroja, Didai 48. Matya, Matia 19. Gadaba, Bodo Gadaba, Gutob Gadaba, 49. Mirdhas, Kuda, Koda Kapu Gadaba, Ollara Gadaba, Parenga 50. Munda, Munda Lohara, Munda Mahalis, Gadaba, Sano Gadaba Nagabanshi Munda, Oriya Munda 20. Gandia 51. Mundari 21. Ghara 52. Omanatya, Omanatyo, Amanatya 22. Gond, Gondo Rajgond, Maria Gond, Dhur 53. Oraon, Dhangar, Uran Gond 54. Parenga 23. Ho 55. Paroja, Parja, Bodo Paroja, Barong Jhodia 24. Holva Paroja, Chhelia Paroja, Jhodia Paroja, 25. Jatapu Konda Paroja, Paraja, Ponga Paroja, Sodia 26. Juang Paroja, Sano Paroja, Solia Paroja 27. Kandha Gauda 56. Pentia 28. Kawar Kanwar 57. Rajuar 29. Kharia, Kharian Berga Kharia, Dhelki 58. Santal Kharia, Dudh Kharia, Erenga Kharia, 59. Saora, Savar, Saura, Sahara Arsi Munda Kharia,Oraon Kharia,Khadia, Saora, Based Saora, Bhima Saora, Bhimma Pahari Kharia Saora, Chumura Saora, Jara Savar, Jadu 30. Kharwar Saora, Jati Saora, Juari Saora, Kampu 31. Khond, Kond, Kandha, Nanguli Kandha, Saora, Kampa Soura, Kapo Saora, Kindal Sitha Kandha Kondh, Kui, Buda Kondh, Saora, Kumbi Kancher Saora, Kalapithia Bura Kandha, Desia Kandha, Dungaria Saora, Kirat Saora, Lanjia Saora, Lamba Kondh, Kutia Kandha, Kandha Gauda, Lanjia Saora, Luara Saora, Luar Saora,

235 Laria Savar, Malia Saora, Malla Saora, 5. Kadar Uriya Saora, Raika Saora, Sudda Saora, 6. Kammara (excluding Kanyakumari Sarda Saora, Tankala Saora, Patro Saora, district and Shenko ah taluk of Tirunelveli Vesu Saora district) 60. Shabar, Lodha 7. Kanikaran, Kanikkar (in Kanyakumari 61. Sounti district and Shenko ah and 62. Tharua, Tharua Bindhani Ambasamudram taluks of Tirunelveli district) XX. Rajasthan 8. Kaniyan, Kanyan 1. Bhil, Bhil Garasia, Dholi Bhil, Dungri 9. Ka unayakan Bhil, Dungri Garasia, Mewasi Bhil, Rawal 10. Kochu Velan Bhil, Tadvi Bhil, Bhagalia, Bhilala, Pawra, 11. Konda Kapus Vasava, Vasave 12. Kondareddis 2. Bhil Mina 13. Koraga 3. Damor, Damaria 14. Kota (excluding Kanyakumari district and 4. Dhanka, Tadvi, Tetaria, Valvi Shenko ah taluk of Tirunelveli district) 5. Garasia (excluding Rajput Garasia) 15. Kudiya, Melakudi 6. Kathodi, Katkari, Dhor Kathodi, Dhor 16. Kurichchan Katkari, Son Kathodi, Son Katkari 17. Kurumbas (in the Nilgiris district) 7. Kokna, Kokni, Kukna 18. Kurumans 8. Koli Dhor, Tokre Koli, Kolcha, Kolgha 19. Maha Malasar 9. Mina 20. Malai Arayan 10. Naikda, Nayaka, Cholivala Nayaka, 21. Malai Pandaram Kapadia Nayaka, Mota Nayaka, Nana 22. Malai Vedan Nayaka 23. Malakkuravan 11. Patelia 24. Malasar 12. Seharia, Sehria, Sahariya. 25. Malayali (in Dharmapuri, North Arcot, Puduko ai, Salem, South Arcot and XXI. Sikkim Tiruchirapali districts) 1. Bhutia (including Chumbipa, Dopthapa, 26. Malayekandi Dukpa, Kagatey, Sherpa, Tibetan, 27. Mannan Tromopa, Yolmo) 28. Mudugar, Muduvan 2. Lepcha 29. Muthuvan 3. Limboo 30. Palleyan 4. Tamang 31. Palliyan 32. Palliyar XXII. Tamil Nadu 33. Paniyan 1. Adiyan 34. Sholaga 2. Aranadan 35. Toda (excluding Kanyakumari district and 3. Eravallan Shenko ah Taluk of Tirunelveli district) 4. Irular 36. Uraly

236 XXIII. Tripura XXIV. U aranchal 1. Bhil 1. Bhotia 2. Bhutia 2. Buksa 3. Chaimal 3. Jaunsari 4. Chakma 4. Raji 5. Garoo 5. Tharu 6. Halam, Bengshel, Dub, Kaipeng, Kalai, Karbong, Lengui, Mussum, Rupini, XXV. U ar Pradesh Sukuchep, Thangchep 1. Bhotia 7. Jamatia 2. Buksa 8. Khasia 3. Jaunsari 9. Kuki, including the following sub-tribes:- 4. Raji (i) Balte 5. Tharu (ii) Belalhut 6. Gond, Dhuria, Nayak, Ojha, Pathari, (iii) Chhalya Raj Gond (in the districts of Mehrajganj, (iv) Fun Sidharth Nagar, Basti, Gorakhpur, (v) Hajango Deoria, Mau, Azamgarh, Jonpur, Balia, (vi) Jangtei Gazipur, Varanasi, Mirzapur and (vii) Khareng Sonbhadra) (viii) Khephong 7. Kharwar, Khairwar ( in the districts of (ix) Kuntei Deoria, Balia, Ghazipur, Varanasi and (x) Laifang Sonbhadra) (xi) Lentei 8. Saharya (in the district of Lalitpur) (xii) Mizel 9. Parahiya (in the district of Sonbhadra) (xiii) Namte 10. Baiga (in the district of Sonbhadra) (xiv) Paitu, Paite 11. Pankha, Panika ( in the districts of (xv) Rangchan Sonbhadra and Mirzapur) (xvi) Rangkhole 12. Agariya ( in the district of Sonbhadra) (xvii) Thangluya 13. Patari (in the district of Sonbhadra) 10. Lepcha 14. Chero (in the districts of Sonbhadra and 11. Lushai Varanasi) 12. Mag 15. Bhuiya, Bhuinya (in the district of 13. Munda, Kaur Sonbhadra) 14. Noatia, Murashing 15. Orang XXVI. West Bengal 16. Riang 1. Asur 17. Santal 2. Baiga 18. Tripura, Tripuri, Tippera 3. Badia,Bediya 19. Uchai. 4. Bhumĳ 5. Bhutia,Sherpa, Toto, Dukpa, Kagatay, Tibetan, Yolmo.

237 6. Birhor 3. Nicobarese 7. Birjia 4. Onges 8. Chakma 5. Sentinelese 9. Chero 6. Shom Pens. 10. Chik Baraik 11. Garo XXVIII. Dadra and Nagar Haveli 12. Gond 1. Dhodia 13. Gorait 2. Dubla including Halpati 14. Hajang 3. Kathodi 15. Ho 4. Kokna 16. Karmali 5. Koli Dhor including Kolgha 17. Kharwar 6. Naikda or Nayaka 18. Khond 7. Varli 19. Kisan 20. Kora XXIX. Daman and Diu 21. Korwa Throughout the Union territory: - 22. Lepcha 1. Dhodia 23. Lodha, Kheria, Kharia 2. Dubla (Halpati) 24. Lohara, Lohra. 3. Naikda (Talavia) 25. Magh 4. Siddi (Nayaka) 26. Mahali 5. Varli. 27. Mahli 28. Mal Pahariya XXX. Lakshadweep 29. Mech Throughout the Union territory: - 30. Mru Inhabitants of the Laccadive, Minicoy and 31. Munda Aminidivi Islands who, and both of whose 32. Nagesia parents, were born in those islands. 33. Oraon 34. Parhaiya **NB: The Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) 35. Rabha Order (Amendment) Act 2003 dated 19.9.2003 36. Santal 37. Sauria Paharia 38. Savar 39. Limbu (Subba) 40. Tamang

XXVII. Andaman & Nicobar Islands 1. Andamanese, Chariar, Chari, Kora, Tabo, Bo, Yere, Kede, Bea, Balawa, Bojigiyab, Juwai, Kol 2. Jarawas

238 ANNEXURE-4

Schemes for Tribal Development

The Ministry of Tribal Aff airs, Government of schemes supporting Family / SHG / India, is providing Grants to the States/Union Community based employment and Territories under Special Central Assistance income generation in sectors, such as, to Tribal Sub-Plan, Grant-in-aid under First Agriculture / Horticulture, Land Reforms, Proviso to Article 275(1) of the Constitution, Watershed Development, Animal under Centrally Sponsored and Central Sector Husbandry, Ecology & Environment, Schemes for the development of the Scheduled Development of Forests and Forest Tribes. villages, Development of entrepreneurship in SSI, etc., and 30% for development of Section – 1 infrastructure incidental thereto. SPECIAL PROGRAMMES 3. Priority to neglected Tribals living in forest villages & synchronization with 1. SPECIAL CENTRAL ASSISTANCE (SCA) programmes of JFM. TO THE TRIBAL SUB PLAN (TSP) 4. Preparation of long-term area specifi c The programme was started in 1974-75. The micro plans for ITDAs / ITDPs. ministry supplements the eff orts of the State 5. ‘Women’s component’ is to be given top Governments by extending Special Central priority. Assistance (SCA) as an additive to the State 6. Adherence to the provisions of the TSP. Panchayats (Extension to Scheduled Objective: Areas) Act, 1996. 7. SCA to form integral part of the Annual The objective and scope of SCA to TSP which was Plan of the State. originally meant for fi lling up of the critical gaps in the family based income-generation activities 8. Earmarking of 10% of the allocation for of the TSP, have now been expanded to cover the providing incentive to the States for employment-cum-income generation activities eff ective implementation of the TSP. and the infrastructure incidental thereto not 9. ITDP-wise earmarking of SCA funds. only family based but also community based 10. Ensuring eff ective monitoring and run by Self Help Groups (SHGs). evaluation mechanism. Guidelines: 2. THE GRANTS UNDER FIRST PROVISO TO ARTICLE 275(1) OF THE 1. Support to Tribal population below CONSTITUTION poverty line. (1) The Union of India provides fi nancial 2. 70% of the SCA to be used for primary assistance to the States having scheduled

239 tribe population for undertaking schemes of Residential Schools from Classes VI- development for the purpose of promoting XII for imparting quality education. the welfare of scheduled tribes or raising the level of administration of Scheduled (2) Fixed grant under Non Plan is also given Areas to that of the administration of the to the Government of Assam in respect rest of the areas of that State. of the administration of tribal areas in Hill districts of North Cachar and Karbai Guidelines Anglong.

The grants under Article 275(1) are to be Section – II: treated as additionality to the Normal Central Assistance (NCA) to State Plans and are to be CENTRALLY SPONSORED SCHEMES UNDER used primarily for creation and up-gradation of WHICH MATCHING (50:50) ASSISTANCE IS infrastructure in critical areas such as education, GIVEN TO STATEs / UTs health, SSIs, forests, forest villages, drinking 1. Hostels for Scheduled Tribe Girls and water, electrifi cation, communication, rural Boys marketing, agriculture, animal husbandry, sports promotion, food processing, processing Under the scheme, Central assistance is given of MFPs, human resource development to States/UTs for construction of new hostel in technical and vocational spheres, water buildings and/or extension of existing hostels. harvesting, rese lement of displaced persons, The scheme has been revised with eff ect from tribal land management, etc. The guidelines the fi nancial year 2008-09. Under the revised further provide for scheme, State Governments are eligible for 100% central share for construction of all Girls’ hostel Ø Identifi cation of thrust areas for each and also for construction of Boys’ hostel in naxal ITDA/ITDP and preparation of specifi c aff ected areas (identifi ed by Ministry of Home area plans for clusters. Aff airs from time to time). The funding pa ern Ø Expenditure upto maximum 2% for the other Boys’ Hostel to State Governments on project management, MIS, is on 50:50 basis. In case of UTs, the Central administrative expenses. Government bears the entire cost of construction of both Boys’ and Girls’ hostels. Hostels for Ø At least 30% projects for women. Vocational Training Centres (VTCs) for ST Girls and Boys will also be funded on the same criteria Ø Using upto maximum of 10% of fund as other hostels. Members of Parliament could for maintenance of infrastructure. also provide funds as a substitute of State share from their MPLAD scheme for this purpose. Ø Earmarking of 10% allocation for Maintenance of the hostel is the responsibility innovative projects to be given to of the concerned States/UTs. The number of States as incentive for adoption of TSP seats in a hostel is up to 100. The hostels are approach in le er & spirit. for primary, middle, secondary, college and Ø Grants to 100 Ekalavya Model university level.

240 2. Establishment of Ashram Schools in Tribal Section – III Sub-Plan Area. CENTRAL SECTOR SCHEMES UNDER The objective of the scheme is to provide WHICH 100% GRANT IS PROVIDED TO residential schools for STs in an environment THE STATEs AND UTs. conducive to learning to increase the literacy rates among the tribal students and to bring 1 Post-Matric Scholarship for Scheduled them at par with other population of the Tribes Students country. The scheme has been revised with The scheme provides 100% fi nancial assistance eff ect from the fi nancial year 2008-09. Under the to ST students whose family income is less revised scheme, State Governments are eligible than or equal to Rs.1.08 lakh per annum for 100% central share for construction of all for pursuing Post-Matriculation recognized Girls’ Ashram Schools and also for construction courses in recognized institutions. The scheme of Boys’ Ashram Schools in naxal aff ected areas covers professional, technical as well as non- (identifi ed by Ministry of Home Aff airs from professional and non-technical courses at time to time). The funding pa ern for the other various levels and the scheme also includes Boys’ Ashram Schools to State Governments is correspondence courses including distance on 50:50 basis, while cent percent assistance is and continuing education. The scheme was given to UTs for both Girls and Boys Ashram introduced in 1944 and is implemented by the Schools. Members of Parliament could also State Government and UT Administrations, provide funds as a substitute of State share which receive 100% Central assistance over from their MPLAD scheme for this purpose. and above their commi ed liability, which is Maintenance of the school is the responsibility required to be borne by the States/UTs from their of the concerned States/UTs. The scheme own budgetary provisions. The North Eastern covers primary, middle, secondary and senior States including Sikkim are exempted from the secondary level of education. commi ed liability. The value of the existing 3. Grants to Tribal Research Institutes scholarship includes maintenance allowance, reader charges of blind students, study tour Tribal Research Institutes have been set up charges, thesis typing/printing charges, book in 18 States. These Institutes are involved in allowance to students pursuing correspondence conducting research and evaluation studies, course and compulsory non-refundable fees seminars, workshops on various subjects relevant charges by the educational institutions. to tribals and provide training and orientation to State Government offi cials and give support 2. (i) Vocational Training in Tribal Areas to the State Governments for preparation of (Education) tribal Sub-Plans. Most of the Institutes are also The main aim of this scheme is to develop the skill having tribal museums for exhibition of tribal of the tribal youth in order to enable them to gain artifacts. Under the scheme, grants are given on employment/self employment opportunities. 50:50 basis to States for running and maintaining This scheme is being implemented through these Institutes. the State Governments/UT Administrations,

241 Institutions or Organizations set up by months. Each trainee is to be a ached at the end Government as autonomous bodies, educational of six months to a Master CraV sman in a semi- and other institutions like local bodies and urban / urban area for a period of six months, to cooperative societies and Non-Governmental learn his her skills by practical experience. Organizations. Each center may cater to fi ve 3. Rajiv Gandhi National Fellowship vocational courses in traditional or other skills Scheme depending upon the employment potential of the area. Each tribal boy/girl is trained in two Under the scheme, fellowships in the form trades of his/her choice, the course in each trade of fi nancial assistance are given to students being for duration of three months. Each trainee belonging to Scheduled Tribes to pursue higher is a ached at the end of six months to a Master studies. The fellowship under RGNF is on the CraV sman in a semi-urban area for a period of six pa ern of UGC Fellowships awarded to research months to learn his skill by practical experience, students pursuing regular and full time M. Phil the practical experience in each trade being of and Ph. D courses. The maximum duration of a three months duration. There is provision for fellowship is 5 years. Every year 667 fellowships monthly stipend and for raw material for the are to be provided to ST students. The scheme is being implemented by University Grant trainees. Commission (UGC) on behalf of the Ministry (ii) Vocational Training Centres (VTC) in of Tribal Aff airs. Any ST student who has Tribal Areas (NGOs): passed post-graduation from a UGC recognized University can apply under the scheme.

The scheme was launched in 1992-93. It is a 4. National Overseas Scholarship Scheme for 100% Central Sector Scheme. The main aim Scheduled Tribes of the scheme is to develop the skills of the tribal youth to enable then to get employment The Scheme provides fi nancial assistance to or become self-employed. It aims to improve meritorious students belonging to STs for their socio-economic condition by enhancing pursuing higher studies abroad in specifi ed fi elds their income. The Scheme covers all the States of Master level courses, Ph.D. and Post-Doctoral and Union Territories. This is a 100 % Central research programmes, in the fi eld of Engineering, Sector Scheme and is implemented through Technology and Science. The selected candidates State Governments, UT Administrations as are given cost of tuition and other educational well as Institutions or Organizations set up fees charged by the foreign university etc., by the Government as Autonomous Bodies or maintenance and other grants along with travel registered Non- Governmental Organizations expenses. In addition passage grants are also (NGOs).Each Vocational Training Centre available to candidates belonging to ST who are under the Scheme may cater to fi ve vocational in receipt of merit scholarship for postgraduate courses in traditional skills depending upon studies, research or training abroad (excluding the employment potential of the area. Keeping a ending seminars, workshops, conferences) in view the limited potential of even skilled from a foreign government/organization or persons in interior areas, each tribal boy/ girl under any other scheme where cost of passage is trained in two trades of his / her choice, the is not provided. Scheme of National Overseas course in each trade being for duration of three Scholarship has been revised in 2007-08 as Plan

242 scheme. 15 awards would be sanctioned to ST The scheme of Educational Complex in Low students per year. Literacy Pockets for Development of women literacy in tribal areas has been revised w.e.f. 5. Top Class Education for ST Students 1st April, 2008 and renamed as “Strengthening Education among Scheduled Tribes (ST) Girls in Ministry of Tribal Aff airs has introduced a new Low Literacy Districts”. This scheme covers in Central Sector Scholarship Scheme of Top Class 54 identifi ed Districts where the ST population Education for ST Students from the academic is 25% or more, and ST female literacy rate year 2007-08 with the objective of encouraging below 35% as per 2001 census. This scheme meritorious ST students for pursuing studies at also covers tribal blocks in districts other than degree and post degree level in any of the 127 54 identifi ed districts which have ST population identifi ed institutes in both the Government and 25% or more, and ST female literacy rate below private sectors covering the fi eld of management, 35% and PTG areas. Naxal aff ected areas medicine, engineering, law and commercial are given priority. Under this scheme, the courses. Each institute has been allocated fi ve Ministry provides fi nancial assistance for Girls’ awards, with a ceiling of total 635 scholarships Hostel where schools under “Sarva Shiksha per year. The family income of the ST students Abhiyan”, Kasturba Gandhi Vidyalaya or from all the sources shall not exceed Rs.2.00 lakh other schemes of Education Department are per annum. available. Where such schools are not available, complete complex including hostel & school are The ST students are awarded scholarship considered. Besides, free schooling, boarding/ covering full tuition fee and other non-refundable lodging, uniforms, books, food, cash stipend dues in respect of Government/ Government- and incentive to girl students are also provided. funded institutions. However, there is a ceiling In addition, the organization running the of Rs.2.00 lakh per annum per year students for educational complex is also required to impart private sector institutions and Rs.3.72 lakh per Vocational/Skill Development Training among annum per student for the private sector fl ying clubs for Commercial Pilot Training. In addition ST girls. District lays emphasis on supervision to the above, the scholarship also provides through District Educational Support Agency for (i) living expenses @ Rs.2200/- per month (DESA) a federation of Non- Governmental per student subject to actual, (ii) books and Organizations. stationery @ Rs.3000/- per annum per student 7. Development of Primitive Tribal Groups and (iii) cost of a latest computer system along (PTGs): with its accessories limited to Rs.45000/- as one time assistance during the course. The scheme was introduced in 1998-99 and was Note: For details of all the above schemes see revised in 2007-08. It is a Central Sector Scheme the Ministry’s website at www.tribal.nic.in exclusively for Primitive Tribal Groups (PTGs). It is very fl exible scheme. Any activity/work, 6. Strengthening Education among which is very crucial for the survival, protection Scheduled Tribes (ST) Girls in Low Literacy Districts: and development of PTGs, can be taken up under this scheme. The activities/works may include The scheme was introduced in 1993-94. It is a provisions for housing, land distribution, land gender specifi c 100% Central Sector Scheme. development, agricultural development, ca le

243 development, income generation programmes, 2007-08. The prime objective of the scheme health care, infrastructure development, social is to enhance the reach of welfare schemes of security etc. Government and fi ll the gaps in service defi cient tribal areas, in the sectors such as education, From the year 2007-08, long term “Conservation- health, drinking water, agro-horticultural th cum-Development (CCD) Plan” for PTGs for 11 productivity, social security etc. through the Plan have been formulated by the States on the eff orts of voluntary organizations, and to provide basis of requirement assessed through base line an environment for socio-economic upliV ment surveys and other surveys conducted by them and overall development of the Scheduled Tribes and by adopting hamlet/habitat development (STs). Under this scheme various projects viz., approach. Residential/Non-Residential Schools, Hostels, 8. Coaching for Scheduled Tribes: Mobile Dispensaries, 10-Bedded Hospitals, Computer Training Centres, Mobile Library- The scheme was started by the Ministry in 1974- cum-Audio Visual Unit etc., are covered. The 75 and revised in 2007-08 to provide a more proposals of NGOs seeking grants under the level playing fi eld to candidates belonging to STs scheme are to be recommended by State Level to compete with those coming from a socially Commi ee. Through this mechanism, the States and economically advantageous background. have been involved eff ectively identifi cation Under this scheme, Coaching to STs is provided of service defi cient tribal areas and their in reputed coaching institutions run by State accountability has also increased. Governments/Universities/Private Institutions 11. Exchange of visit by Tribals to enable them to appear in competitive examinations having all India recruitment The scheme was introduced in 2001-02, to enable character and succeed in obtaining job. ST people below poverty line to visit other parts 9. Upgradation of Merit of ST Students of the country for a period of 10-12 days. The Ministry bears the entire expenditure. The The scheme’s objective is to upgrade the merit groups in 10-15 members visit places of their of ST students by providing them remedial and choice. This enables them to improve their special coaching in classes IX to XII, to prepare perspective and also help create awareness about the students for competitive examinations the developments taking place in the country. for seeking entry into professional courses 12. Development of Forest Villages like Engineering and Medical disciplines. The scheme provides for 100% central assistance to This programme was launched during 2005-06 as the States/UTs. a one time measure for integrated development 10. Grant-in-aid to Voluntary Organizations of forest villages with a view to raise the Human working for the welfare of Scheduled Tribes Development Index (HDI) of the inhabitants of including Coaching for Scheduled Tribes and the Forest Villages and provides basic facilities Award for Exemplary Services: and services. Initially this programme was expected to last till the end of the 10th Plan It is a Central Sector Scheme and revised in (i.e. 2006-07); however, this is being continued

244 during 11th Plan period, keeping in view the the Corporation for undertaking MFP need for providing suﬃ cient amenities to these operations thereby increasing the quantum forest villages. of MFP presently handled;

Presently there are 2,474 forest villages/ iii) Se ing up of scientifi c warehousing habitations spread over 12 States and the Ministry facilities, wherever necessary; of Tribal Aff airs has approved proposals with release of funds of Rs. 60876.26 lakhs update as iv) Establishing processing industries for on 31.03.2009, covering 2,414 forest villages in value addition with the objective of 12 States. Under the programme, infrastructure ensuring maximum returns on the MFPs work relating to basic services and facilities viz. for the tribals; approach roads, healthcare, primary education, v) Giving consumption loans to tribals; and minor irrigation, rainwater harvesting, drinking water, sanitation, community halls etc. are taken vi) Supplementing Research & Development up for implementation. (R&D) eff orts.

13. Grants-in-aid to State Tribal Development 14. State Tribal Development Finance Cooperative Corporations (STDCCs) etc. for Corporation Minor Forest Produce (MFP) operations State Tribal Development Finance Corporations The scheme was launched during 1992-93. This act as guarantors and promoters for providing is a Central Sector Scheme under which grants- margin money loans and subsidy to the in-aid are extended to:- target groups. They play a useful role in the mobilization of fi nances for economic (a) State Tribal Development Co-operative development of Scheduled Tribes living below Corporations (STDCCS); the poverty line. The State Corporations mainly (b) State Forest Development Corporations take up employment oriented schemes in the (SFDCs); and areas of (i) Agriculture and allied sector, (ii) Minor Irrigation, (iii) Trades and Services, (iv) (c) State Minor Forest Produce (Trading & Transport and (v) Self-Employment schemes. Development) Federations through the Under the scheme fi nancial assistance is respective State Governments for taking up provided to the state corporations as 49% share MFP (Minor Forest Produce) operations. capital investment, the remaining 51% being borne by the State Governments. The funds under this scheme are available to the State TDCCs/FDCs etc for: - 15. Research and Training i) Increasing the quantum of MFP handled Supporting Projects of All-India or Inter-state by se ing off operational losses, if need nature be; The scheme provides fi nancial support to Non ii) Strengthening the share capital base of Governmental Organisations/ Institutions/

245 Universities on 100% basis for following desirous of undertaking research/evaluation programmes: studies are required to apply in accordance with the guidelines provided under the scheme and i) Research studies, posted on the Ministry’s website www.tribal. ii) Workshops/ Seminars helpful in orienting nic.in. developmental programmes for the Nature of Assistance: The grant is provided to the Scheduled Tribes and disseminating institutions/ Non Governmental Organizations knowledge and experience concerning on the following pa ern: tribal people and their areas and Duration of seminar/ Amount in Rs. iii) Publication of literature on tribal workshop development. (i) Grant –in aid for Research studies For one day 50,000/- For two days 75,000/- Nature of Assistance: The assistance is provided to the Universities/ Institutions/ (iii) Grant- in- aid for publication Non Governmental Organizations to carry out research/evaluation studies. The research grant Grant is provided for publication of recent is ordinarily given up to a maximum of Rs. 2.50 works related to tribal issues/ development to lakh for each project to be completed in a period an institution or an individual researcher for of 8-12 months. publishing the research work. The maximum fi nancial assistance support for publication is Submission of proposal: Research Institutions/ Rs. 30000/- for a single project/ book. Non-Governmental Organisations/ Universities desirous of undertaking research/evaluation SCHEME OF MONITORING & EVALUATION studies are required to apply in accordance with STUDIES the guidelines provided under the scheme and posted on the Ministry’s website www.tribal. The scheme was introduced during 2005-06. nic.in. Under this scheme various schemes/ projects implemented by Ministry of Tribal Aff airs for (ii) Grant-in-aid for workshops/ seminars the welfare and development of STs, are got evaluated from specialized agencies and 100% Under the scheme, grant-in-aid is released to grant is provided by the Ministry. Reputed Institutions/ Non Governmental Organizations/ research institutes are invited for conducting Universities or a group of institutions for evaluation studies on the schemes and issues organizing workshops/ seminars which help decided by the Ministry. in disseminating research fi ndings, identifying thrust areas, promoting arts, culture and Section-IV tradition of tribal groups, issues relating to tribal development. 1. Market Development of Tribal Products/ Produce: Submission of proposal: Research Institutions/ Non-Governmental Organisations/ Universities TRIFED is a Multi-State Cooperative Society

246 registered by the Central Government under rate of 4% and 6% for the projects upto Rs.5.00 the Multi State Cooperative Societies Act, 1984 lakhs and above Rs.5.00 lakhs respectively. The (now the Multi State Cooperative Societies Act, SCA can charge upto 3% additional interest 2002). TRIFED functions as a market developer from the benefi ciary. for tribal products. TRIFED has established a number of outlets (shops) throughout India to NSTFDC also implements scheme “Adivasi sell tribal products. Mahila Sashktikaran Yojana” for women to provide fi nances for the projects upto Rs.50,000/- This is a Central Sector Scheme under which at highly concessional interest rate of 2% from the grants-in-aid are extended by the Central SCA. The SCA may, however, charge maximum Government to TRIFED (Tribal Cooperative 4% p.a. from the women benefi ciaries. Marketing Development Federation of India Limited) for undertaking the following four For more details contact Ministry of Tribal major activities as per a Road Map prepared Aff airs, Shastri Bhawan, Dr. R.P. Road, New www.tribal.nic.in. by TRIFED about its proposed plan of action Delhi, or visit out website: th during the 11 Plan period (2007-12): 3. Forest Rights Act Retail Marketing Development Activity Ministry of Tribal Aff airs is implementing The MFP Marketing Development Activity Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, Vocational Training, Skill Up-gradation and 2006 which recognizes and vests the forest rights Capacity Building of ST Artisans and MFP and occupation in forest land in forest dwelling Gatherers. Scheduled Tribes and other traditional forest dwellers who have been residing in such forest, Research & Development/IPR Activity for generation, but whose rights could not be 2. National Scheduled Tribes Finance and recorded. The salient features of the Act are:- Development Corporation (NSTFDC) i) The occupation of forest land upto an area of 4 hectares (Max.) can be recognized. NSTFDC has been set up in April, 2001 as a Government Company under Section 25 of ii) Rights are heritable but not alienable or the Companies Act, 1956 (A Company not for transferable. profi t). NSTFDC is a fully Government of India owned undertaking under the Ministry of Tribal iii) Persons living in and dependent on forests Aff airs. NSTFDC is an Apex Organisation for for livelihood shall be eligible. providing fi nancial assistance upto Rs.10.00 lakhs for viable schemes/ projects for the iv) Responsibility of protection of wild life, economic development of STs through State forest and biodiversity has been assigned Channelising Agency (SCAs). NSTFDC has also to the right-holders. started using the channel of nationalized banks The Act has been notifi ed for operation with eff ect as its Channelised agencies from 2007-08. The from 31.12.2007 and the Rules for implementing fi nancial assistance is provided at a concessional

247 the Act have also been notifi ed on 1.1.2008. The (ii) Education. (Outstanding performance in process of implementation of the Act is going on engineering, medical or any discipline and is at various stages in diff erent states. at Graduate and Post Graduate level course). 4. National Tribal Awards (iii) Culture. (Outstanding and long time During the fi nancial year 2008-09, Ministry is contribution in the performing arts such introduced a scheme ‘‘National Tribal Award”. as dance/drama/visual arts etc.). The award is known as the Rashtriya Janjatiya Puraskar. (iv) Science, Technology, Entrepreneurship and Biodiversity conservation and any In spite of adverse conditions in which Scheduled other fi eld. (Outstanding contribution) Tribe population live, several members of the Scheduled Tribes manage to excel in diff erent Each award carries an amount of Rs. 2.lakh, a fi elds. Their achievements are made all the more citation and a trophy. precious by the fact that the success has been B. National Award for Exemplary Community achieved in the face of adversity and diffi culties Service rendered to the Scheduled Tribes: and with strength, initiative and determination. Such success stories should be publicly There would be one award for the exemplary recognized so that the individuals concerned contribution towards the development of any become role models for future generations of scheduled tribe community by individuals and the tribal population. Such recognition will also organizations namely, NGOs and Voluntary go a long way in reinforcing a positive image Organizations and Community based Groups. of tribal people and in molding the societal The award in this category will carry a cash mind to accept and encourage the versatile roles price of Rs. 5 lakh, a citation and a trophy. of tribal people in Indian society. In order to recognize such achievements, Annual National C. National Award for the best performing Tribal Awards are being instituted beginning ITDP/ITDA the year 2008. There will be one award for the best performing Nature of Awards Integrated Tribal Development Project (ITDP)/ A. National Award for the Best Janjatiya Integrated Tribal Development Agency (ITDA). Achiever This award will carry Rs. 5 lakh cash, a citation and a trophy. ITDP/ITD will be required to use There are two awards (preferably one for a male the award money for creation of community Scheduled Tribe achiever and the other for a assets. The Award money can be dovetailed female Scheduled Tribe achiever) covering any with money available under any other scheme of the fi elds :– to them or their own funds. Procedure for Selection (i) Sports. (outstanding performance at National / International level). Only nominations duly recommended by the

248 State Government will be considered in the a. To provide Scheduled Tribe Communities Performa annexed. The State Government with opportunities to conduct cultural activities shall ensure that the nominee has not received including their traditional festivals and festive, any award for the same achievement. All events and skills and sports activities peculiar nominations must be received by 31st August of to the communities, in their own environment. a particular year for consideration for the award of that year. Recommendations received aV er b. To disseminate the awareness of the richness 31st August will not be considered. of tribal culture, particularly among the urban educated people so as to inculcate respect and 5. Organization of Tribal Festivals admiration in them for the contribution of tribal communities to various facets of tribal culture. The scheme ‘Organization of Tribal Festival’ envisages increasing the participation of Financial Assistance Scheduled Tribes in sports and culture at local, District, State and National levels by encouraging a. The Scheme will also support/ provide their inherent talent and ensuring participation grants to the State governments, for organizing at national and international events. Under the tribal cultural festivals and traditional sports scheme cultural melas, festivals and sports meet event, etc. for encouraging tribal artists, and will be organized at the state and national level folk art performers of their own State or other for encouraging tribal artists/folk art performers States. and sports persons and preserving, promotion b. The last date for receipt of application for and disseminating tribal arts and traditional organizing tribal festival/cultural event will be tribal sports. the 31st October of every year. The proposal would Objectives be recommended by the State Tribal Welfare Department / Social Welfare Department. The scheme will address itself mainly to the well-identiﬁ ed and urgent need for creating c. Grants will be provided by the Ministry awareness, promotion and dissemination of of Tribal Aﬀ airs on the basis of approved tribal art and culture and traditional sporting programmes for the organization of tribal events. The main objective of the scheme will culture programme, exhibition of tribal arts and be: craV s, dance, etc.

249