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1 a New Psychodynamic Theory Of A NEW PSYCHODYNAMIC THEORY OF SCHIZOPHRENIA (In addition remarks to psychotherapy of schizophrenia). Author: Torsten Oettinger (2021-02-01) Hints ........................................................................................................................................................ 2 Abstract ....................................................................................................................................................... 2 What is Schizophrenia? ....................................................................................................................................... 3 The Causes of schizophrenia ............................................................................................................................... 3 Brief preliminary remarks and hypotheses ................................................................................................. 3 Inversions as the Main Cause of Schizophrenia (The Theory)......................................................................... 4 What Inversions Do ................................................................................................................................. 5 Inversion-effects in the long run ......................................................................................................... 5 Explanations and Examples ..................................................................................................................... 8 Schizophrenic Disorders from the Biographic Perspective ................................................................................ 10 Beginning ...................................................................................................................................................... 10 Overadaptation or Enmity ......................................................................................................................... 12 Crisis and Falling Ill .................................................................................................................................... 15 Schizophrenic Symptoms and their Meanings ...................................................................................... 17 General Information about Splittings (Partly Repetition) ................................................................. 17 Splitting and fusion phenomena otherwise .......................................................................................... 19 Opposites in Schizophrenia and their Dynamics ............................................................................... 19 Shifting and Fixation .......................................................................................................................... 21 Paradoxes and Schizophrenia ........................................................................................................... 21 Further Thoughts on Schizophrenia .................................................................................................. 21 Comparison with Other Schizophrenia Theories ...................................................................................... 26 Vulnerability-Stress-Theory ................................................................................................................... 27 Kernberg's Object-Relations Theory ..................................................................................................... 28 Double-Bind Theory .............................................................................................................................. 29 Expressed-Emotion Concept ................................................................................................................. 31 Criticism on Certain Schizophrenia-Theories ............................................................................................ 31 Delusion .................................................................................................................................................... 33 Hallucinations ............................................................................................................................................ 37 About Anti-Psychiatry ................................................................................................................................... 37 REMARKS ON THE PSYCHOTHERAPY OF SCHIZOPHRENIA ................................................................................ 39 Criticism of Materialism Criticism of Materialism ............................................................................. 39 Criticism of Psychoanalysis ................................................................................................................ 40 Primary Therapy of A. Janov ............................................................................................................. 41 Behavioral Therapies ................................................................................................................................. 43 Systemic Psychotherapy ........................................................................................................................ 45 Resilience Research .............................................................................................................................. 45 Body Psychotherapy and Embodiment ............................................................................................. 46 Neuroscience ......................................................................................................................................... 47 Spiritual / Religious Based Psychotherapy ................................................................................................ 48 Spirituality in Psychotherapy? ............................................................................................................... 48 "Third Viennese School" of Psychotherapy ........................................................................................... 49 Self-Help Groups with Spirituality ......................................................................................................... 49 PRIMARY PSYCHOTHERAPY ............................................................................................................................... 51 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 51 Differences to Other Psychotherapies ...................................................................................................... 53 Examples ............................................................................................................................................... 55 Accordances with other Psychotherapies ................................................................................................. 56 Emergency Solution at One´s Own Expense by Disease ........................................................................... 57 The Emergency Solution through Foreclosure .................................................................................. 59 BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................................................... 60 References ......................................................................................................................................... 64 1 Hints This is an abridged and modified version of the publications: Metapsychiatry and Psychiatry, Metapsychotherapy and Psychotherapy. Web presence: http://www.new-psychiatry.com .1 The links refer to corresponding sections to this web-publication if you want to read more. The `Summary table´provides a textual and tabular overview. This enables the reader to turn to subsequent chapters keeping the larger picture in mind. Abstract Main hypothesis: The most frequent primary (!) causes of schizophrenia are Inversions. With `Inversion ´, I denote a confusion of fundamental meanings. As fundamental meanings I suppose: Absolute (A), Relative (R) and the Nothing (0). I.e., if absolute, relative or 0 meanings are confused, I speak of inversion. The confusion of such basic meanings is ubiquitous. Typical examples are ideologies. These, as well as similar dogmatic attitudes in families or in the individual, occur with an absoluteness claim that absolutizes something Relative and at the same time negates and excludes others. This leads to reversals of fundamental meanings, one of the main causes of schizophrenic symptoms. The most commonly used terms and abbreviations here A = The Absolute R = The Relative WPI = World resp. reality; Person and I sA = strange Absolute sS = strange Self 0 = strange Nothingness It = complex of strange All and 0 (`dyad') or of pro and contra and 0 part (`triad') in the core. ¹ = first-rate ² = second-rate Ego = second-rate I 1 These are translations from German originals therefore maybe not the best English 2 WHAT IS SCHIZOPHRENIA? One assumes that about 45 million people suffering from schizophrenia.2 The World Health Organization (WHO) rates schizophrenia as one of the most expensive illnesses worldwide. It is hard to explain what schizophrenia is because the one schizophrenia does not exist. What is meant with the group of schizophrenia is also an agreement. There are international committees of psychiatrists that listed certain symptoms as signs of schizophrenia. However, it is against
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