The Disability Studies Reader
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Soteria – a Treatment Model and a Reform Movement in Psychiatry
1 Soteria – a treatment model and a reform movement in psychiatry By Volkmar Aderhold - Translated by Peter Stastny - September 2006 In honour of Loren Mosher “Everyone is much more simply human than otherwise” H.S.Sullivan - The interpersonal theory of psychiatry Introduction The Soteria treatment model was originated by the American Psychiatrist Loren Mosher during the early 1970s. As director of the Schizophrenia Branch at the National Institute Mental Health (1968-1980) he developed two federally-funded research demonstration projects: “Soteria” (1971-1983) and “Emanon” (1974-1980). The aim was to investigate the effects of a supportive milieu therapy (“being with”) for individuals diagnosed with “schizophrenia” (DSM-II), who were experiencing acute psychotic episodes for the first or second time in their lives. In these programs neuroleptics were either completely avoided, or given in low dosages only. Since the founding of Soteria Bern by Luc Ciompi in 1984, similar programs have been developed in Europe, mostly in the form of residential facilities situated in proximity to psychiatric hospitals. Initiatives to promote such programs are currently active around the world. Due to the expectation that neuroleptics would be used selectively, in acute as well as long-term situations, the program’s challenge to the medical model of “schizophrenia,” and the wide acceptance of inpatient treatment provided by mental health professionals (Mosher & Hendrix 2004, p. 282), the Soteria model has been consistently marginalized in psychiatric discourse and largely ignored in the scientific literature. On the other hand, during the past twenty years the Soteria approach has become quite influential within the debate about the optimal therapeutic methods and the development of state-of-the-art acute inpatient services. -
Mental Health
BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCH IAT RY ( 1007). 191 ( s upp l. 50 ), 171 -177. d ol: I0 .1191/ b j p . 191.5 0 .s71 REVIEW ARTICLE Schizophrenia outcome measures in the wider including clinical symptoms and their im provement, and social functioning, espe cially the ability to relate to people and international community performance at work (including employ ment, housework and tasks). Cognitive MOHAN ISAAC , PRABHAT CHAND and PRAT I MA MURT HY function, family burden and quality of life are other outcome measures. Outcome is also influenced by the course of schizo phrenia. The possible contribution of fac tors to the good prognosis observed in low- and middle-income countries is shown in the Appendix. Background Outcome of Schizophrenia may have a better outcome schizophrenia has been described as in low- and middle-income countries. The initial evidence for this came from the Inter Clinical symptoms favourable in low- and middle-income national Pilot Study of Schizophrenia (!PSS; The Present State Examination-9 (PSE-9; countries. Recently. researchers have World Health Organization, 1979) and was Wing et al, 1974) has been used as the mea questioned these findings. further strengthened by rwo subsequent sure of clinical symptoms at baseline and studies, the Determinants of Outcome of during follow-up in almost all long-term Aims To examine the outcome studies Severe Mental Disorders (DoSMED; studies from low- and middle-income coun carried out in different countries Jablensky et al, 1992) and the recently con tries. The PSE-9 assesses 140 symptoms specifically looking at those from low- and cluded International Study on Schizo grouped into 36 syndromes and measures phrenia (ISoS; Harrison et al, 2001). -
The Case Against Psychiatric Coercion
SUBSCRIBE NOW AND RECEIVE CRISIS AND LEVIATHAN* FREE! “The Independent Review does not accept “The Independent Review is pronouncements of government officials nor the excellent.” conventional wisdom at face value.” —GARY BECKER, Noble Laureate —JOHN R. MACARTHUR, Publisher, Harper’s in Economic Sciences Subscribe to The Independent Review and receive a free book of your choice* such as the 25th Anniversary Edition of Crisis and Leviathan: Critical Episodes in the Growth of American Government, by Founding Editor Robert Higgs. This quarterly journal, guided by co-editors Christopher J. Coyne, and Michael C. Munger, and Robert M. Whaples offers leading-edge insights on today’s most critical issues in economics, healthcare, education, law, history, political science, philosophy, and sociology. Thought-provoking and educational, The Independent Review is blazing the way toward informed debate! Student? Educator? Journalist? Business or civic leader? Engaged citizen? This journal is for YOU! *Order today for more FREE book options Perfect for students or anyone on the go! The Independent Review is available on mobile devices or tablets: iOS devices, Amazon Kindle Fire, or Android through Magzter. INDEPENDENT INSTITUTE, 100 SWAN WAY, OAKLAND, CA 94621 • 800-927-8733 • [email protected] PROMO CODE IRA1703 The Case against Psychiatric Coercion —————— ✦ —————— THOMAS SZASZ “To commit violent and unjust acts, it is not enough for a government to have the will or even the power; the habits, ideas, and passions of the time must lend themselves to their committal.” —ALEXIS DE TOCQUEVILLE (1981, 297) olitical history is largely the story of the holders of power committing violent and unjust acts against their people. -
Bringing Madness Home. the Multiple Meanings of Home in Janet Frame’S Faces in the Water, Bessie Head’S a Question of Power and Lauren Slater’S Prozac Diary
JYVÄSKYLÄ STUDIES IN HUMANITIES 181 Saara Jäntti Bringing Madness Home The Multiple Meanings of Home in Janet Frame’s Faces in the Water, Bessie Head’s A Question of Power and Lauren Slater’s Prozac Diary JYVÄSKYLÄ STUDIES IN HUMANITIES 181 Saara Jäntti Bringing Madness Home The Multiple Meanings of Home in Janet Frame’s Faces in the Water, Bessie Head’s A Question of Power and Lauren Slater’s Prozac Diary Esitetään Jyväskylän yliopiston humanistisen tiedekunnan suostumuksella julkisesti tarkastettavaksi yliopiston Historica-rakennuksen salissa H320 toukokuun 26. päivänä 2012 kello 12. Academic dissertation to be publicly discussed, by permission of the Faculty of Humanities of the University of Jyväskylä, in building Historica, hall H320, on May 26, 2012 at 12 o'clock noon. UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ JYVÄSKYLÄ 2012 Bringing Madness Home The Multiple Meanings of Home in Janet Frame’s Faces in the Water, Bessie Head’s A Question of Power and Lauren Slater’s Prozac Diary JYVÄSKYLÄ STUDIES IN HUMANITIES 181 Saara Jäntti Bringing Madness Home The Multiple Meanings of Home in Janet Frame’s Faces in the Water, Bessie Head’s A Question of Power and Lauren Slater’s Prozac Diary UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ JYVÄSKYLÄ 2012 Editors Sirpa Leppänen Department of Languages, University of Jyväskylä Pekka Olsbo, Ville Korkiakangas Publishing Unit, University Library of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä Studies in Humanities Editorial Board Editor in Chief Heikki Hanka, Department of Art and Culture Studies, University of Jyväskylä Petri Karonen, Department of History and Ethnology, -
Involuntary Civil Commitment of the Mentally Ill: a System in Need of Change
Volume 29 Issue 2 Article 2 1983 Involuntary Civil Commitment of the Mentally Ill: A System in Need of Change John E. B. Myers Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.law.villanova.edu/vlr Part of the Law and Psychology Commons Recommended Citation John E. Myers, Involuntary Civil Commitment of the Mentally Ill: A System in Need of Change, 29 Vill. L. Rev. 367 (1983). Available at: https://digitalcommons.law.villanova.edu/vlr/vol29/iss2/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Villanova University Charles Widger School of Law Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Villanova Law Review by an authorized editor of Villanova University Charles Widger School of Law Digital Repository. Myers: Involuntary Civil Commitment of the Mentally Ill: A System in Nee 1983-84] INVOLUNTARY CIVIL COMMITMENT OF THE MENTALLY ILL: A SYSTEM IN NEED OF CHANGE JOHN E. B. MYERSt Table of Contents Introduction .................................................. 368 I. THE RISE OF INSTITUTIONS ............................. 368 II. DEVELOPMENT OF INVOLUNTARY COMMITMENT LAW... 375 A. HistoricalDevelopment ..................... .......... 375 B. The Authority of the State to Impose Involuntay Commit- ment-The Parens Patriae Power ..................... 380 III. THE DEINSTITUTIONALIZATION MOVEMENT ............. 388 A. HistoricalDevelopment ................................ 388 B. The Contribution of the Courts to Deinstitutionah'zation.... 394 C. Treatment in the Least Restrictive Environment ........... 400 IV. FAILINGS OF THE DEINSTITUTIONALIZATION MOVEMENT ......................................................... 40 3 A. The "Community's" Failure to Provide Adequate Commu- nity-Based Treatment Resources ......................... 403 B. The Shortcomings of Denstitutionah'zationare Exacerbated by Restrictive Commitment Laws ........................ 409 V. ALTERNATIVES FOR CHANGE IN THE SYSTEM OF INVOL- UNTARY TREATMENT OF THE MENTALLY ILL .......... -
Vogue Diagnoses: the Functions of Madness in Tewentieth
VOGUE DIAGNOSES: THE FUNCTIONS OF MADNESS IN TEWENTIETH- CENTURY AMERICAN LITERATURE by TAYLOR DONNELLY A DISSERTATION Presented to the Department of English and the Graduate School of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy June 2012 DISSERTATION APPROVAL PAGE Student: Taylor Donnelly Title: Vogue Diagnosis: The Functions of Madness in Twentieth-Century American Literature This dissertation has been accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of English by: Elizabeth Wheeler Chair Mary Wood Member Enrique Lima Member Forest Pyle Member Elizabeth Reis Outside Member and Kimberly Espy Vice President for Research & Innovation/ Dean of the Graduate School Original signatures are on file with the University of Oregon Graduate School Degree awarded June 2012 ii © 2012 Taylor Donnelly iii DISSERTATION ABSTRACT Taylor Donnelly Doctor of Philosophy Department of English June 2012 Title: Vogue Diagnoses: The Functions of Madness in Twentieth-Century American Literature Fiction and drama have engaged with madness across the epistemes of the American twentieth century. Given the prominence of the subject of madness, both historically and literarily, we need a unified methodology for analysis and action. As a subfield of disability studies, “mad studies” deals specifically with representations of mental distress rather than physical otherness, examining how “madness” enables writers to convey certain meanings or produce certain stories. In minor characters, these meanings are infused into characters’ actantial function within the symbolic model of disability: madness works as a device for plot, psychological depth (of other characters), and thematic resonance. -
BREAKDOWN Phoebe Sengers
Document generated on 09/27/2021 8:55 p.m. Surfaces BREAKDOWN Phoebe Sengers SUR LA PUBLICATION ÉLECTRONIQUE Article abstract ON ELECTRONIC PUBLICATION The psychiatric institution mechanizes the patient. Absorbed into the workings Volume 4, 1994 of the psychiatric machine, the patient is reduced to a sign. Breakdown: the machine exceeds its own logic and the patient exceeds the institution's URI: https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/1064953ar totalizing grasp. Primary references to Deleuze and Guattari, Blanchot and DOI: https://doi.org/10.7202/1064953ar Goffman. See table of contents Publisher(s) Les Presses de l’Université de Montréal ISSN 1188-2492 (print) 1200-5320 (digital) Explore this journal Cite this article Sengers, P. (1994). BREAKDOWN. Surfaces, 4. https://doi.org/10.7202/1064953ar Copyright © Phoebe Sengers, 1994 This document is protected by copyright law. Use of the services of Érudit (including reproduction) is subject to its terms and conditions, which can be viewed online. https://apropos.erudit.org/en/users/policy-on-use/ This article is disseminated and preserved by Érudit. Érudit is a non-profit inter-university consortium of the Université de Montréal, Université Laval, and the Université du Québec à Montréal. Its mission is to promote and disseminate research. https://www.erudit.org/en/ BREAKDOWN Phoebe Sengers ABSTRACT The psychiatric institution mechanizes the patient. Absorbed into the workings of the psychiatric machine, the patient is reduced to a sign. Breakdown: the machine exceeds its own logic and the patient exceeds the institution's totalizing grasp. Primary references to Deleuze and Guattari, Blanchot and Goffman. RÉSUMÉ L'institution psychiatrique mécanise le patient. -
A Hunger Strike to Challenge International Domination by Biopsychiatry
A Hunger Strike to Challenge International Domination by Biopsychiatry This fast is about human rights in mental health. The psychiatric pharmaceutical complex is heedless of its oath to "first do no harm." Psychiatrists are able with impunity to: *** Incarcerate citizens who have committed crimes against neither persons nor property. *** Impose diagnostic labels on people that stigmatize and defame them. *** Induce proven neurological damage by force and coercion with powerful psychotropic drugs. *** Stimulate violence and suicide with drugs promoted as able to control these activities. *** Destroy brain cells and memories with an increasing use of electroshock (also known as electro-convulsive therapy) *** Employ restraint and solitary confinement - which frequently cause severe emotional trauma, humiliation, physical harm, and even death - in preference to patience and understanding. *** Humiliate individuals already damaged by traumatizing assaults to their self-esteem. These human rights violations and crimes against human decency must end. While the history of psychiatry offers little hope that change will arrive quickly, initial steps can and must be taken. At the very least, the public has the right to know IMMEDIATELY the evidence upon which psychiatry bases its spurious claims and treatments, and upon which it has gained and betrayed the trust and confidence of the courts, the media, and the public. WHY WE FAST There are many different ways to help people experiencing severe mental and emotional crises. People labeled with a psychiatric disability deserve to be able to choose from a wide variety of these empowering alternatives. Self-determination is important to achieve real recovery. However, choice in the mental health field is severely limited. -
Elizabeth Packard: a Noble Fight'
H-Disability Roof on Carlisle, 'Elizabeth Packard: A Noble Fight' Review published on Monday, September 24, 2012 Linda V. Carlisle. Elizabeth Packard: A Noble Fight. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2010. xii + 259 pp. $40.00 (cloth), ISBN 978-0-252-03572-2. Reviewed by David J. Roof (Minot State University) Published on H-Disability (September, 2012) Commissioned by Iain C. Hutchison Linda V. Carlisle has written a complex and comprehensive portrait of Elizabeth Packard (1816-97). It is a fascinating story, detailed with the intricacies of her historical context. In June 1850, Packard was placed, against her will, in the Jacksonville, Illinois, insane asylum by her disgruntled husband. She eventually won her release and devoted her life to reforming the rights of those deemed insane and to advocating for women’s rights. Tracing the evolution of women’s biography, Carolyn Gold Heilbrun notes that, whereas authors previously wrote of women transforming “rage into spiritual acceptance,” today’s authors acknowledge their pain; their rage; and, according to Heilbrun, their “‘open admission of the desire for power and control over one’s life’” (pp. 12-13). This is a fitting depiction for this biography. Carlisle describes Packard’s story as one of boundaries: intellectual, cultural, and social boundaries; boundaries of gender and religion; definitions of insanity; and boundaries between radical and conservative tendencies. Carlisle also depicts Packard as a woman addressing the central issues of nineteenth-century society and questions fundamental to that society, such as “What civil rights are due married women? What rights and liberties are due those individuals deemed to be insane? What boundaries may a society reasonably impose on an individual’s beliefs and behaviors?” (p. -
Epistemic Injustice in Cases of Compulsory Psychiatric Treatment
Epistemic Injustice in Cases of Compulsory Psychiatric Treatment Antonia Smyth ORCID: 0000-0001-6843-1753 A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts (Advanced Seminar & Shorter Thesis) Philosophy Department School of Historical and Philosophical Studies Faculty of Arts The University of Melbourne June 2021 Abstract There is a growing body of philosophical research into epistemic injustice in the psychiatric context; this thesis examines the impact of this distinct form of injustice on people in compulsory psychiatric treatment specifically, that is, on people receiving treatment without their consent. Epistemic injustice poses an intrinsic harm to those who experience it, but it can result in secondary practical consequences. In the case of compulsory psychiatric treatment, these consequences can be severe, including the infringement of peoples’ rights to liberty and autonomy. I begin with a focus on testimonial injustice, as described by Miranda Fricker. I will show that compulsory treatment cases provide fertile ground for this form of injustice, and explore the idea that testimonial injustice functions at an institutional level in this context. To demonstrate this I use a case study, the Victorian Mental Health Act 2014, focusing particularly on the role of capacity assessments, which I will argue constitute a formal credibility judgment. Fricker’s proposed remedy for testimonial injustice is the cultivation of the virtue of testimonial justice, however, I argue that on its own, this will not be sufficient for combatting institutional testimonial injustice. Examining solutions to this problem, I argue for structural solutions in the form of proposals for legislative and policy changes. -
Coercion: the Only Constant in Psychiatric Practice? Tomi Gomory, David Cohen, and Stuart A
Florida State University Libraries Faculty Publications College of Social Work 2013 Coercion: The Only Constant In Psychiatric Practice? Tomi Gomory, David Cohen, and Stuart A. Kirk Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] Coercion 1 Coercion: The Only Constant In Psychiatric Practice? Tomi Gomory, Associate Professor, Florida State University1 David Cohen, Professor, Florida International University Stuart A. Kirk, Professor Emeritus, University of California, Los Angeles To allow every maniac liberty consistent with safety; to proportion the degree of coercion to the … extravagance of behavior; … that bland art of conciliation, or the tone of irresistible authority pronouncing an irreversible mandate … are laws of fundamental importance … to the … successful management of all lunatic institutions. Philippe Pinel (1806) Introduction In the Western world, since at least the 15th century, state-sanctioned force has been employed to control those who disturb others by their violent or existentially destabilizing behaviors such as threatening or inflicting self-harm. Coercing the mad into madhouses, separating and detaining them from the rest of society, and forcing them to comply with their keepers’ wishes, occurred before physicians became involved in theorizing about the meaning or origins of madness, and it continues to distinguish psychiatric practice to this day. It is widely recognized that the mad used to be confined, beaten, tied, shocked or whirled into submission, but it seems less appreciated today by 1 Co-authors of Mad Science: The Disorders of American Psychiatry (Transaction Publishers, due in March 2013). Coercion 2 scholars, practitioners, and the general public that the physical control of “dangerous” mental patients remains a central function, and perhaps the only constant function, of public mental health systems. -
Psychiatry and Anti-Psychiatry: History, Rhetoric and Reality
2 (4) 2018 DOI: 10.26319/4717 Daniel Burston, Psychology Department, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh PA [email protected] Psychiatry and Anti-psychiatry: History, Rhetoric and Reality Abstract: The term “anti-psychiatry” was coined in 1912 by Dr. Bernhard Beyer, but only popularized by Dr. David Cooper (and his critics) in the midst of a widespread cultural revolt against involuntary hospitalization and in-patient psychiatry during the 1960s and 1970s. However, with the demise of the old-fashioned mental hospital, and the rise of Big Pharma (with all its attendant evils), the term “anti-psychiatry” has outlived its usefulness. It survives merely as a term of abuse or a badge of honor, depending on the user and what rhetorical work this label is expected to perform. Those who use the term nowadays generally have a polemical axe to grind, and seldom understand the term’s origins or implications. It is time that serious scholars retire this term, or to restrict its use to R.D.Laing’s followers in the Philadelphia Associates and kindred groups that sprang up in the late 1960s and 1970s. Keywords: psychiatry, anti-psychiatry, psychoanalysis, DSM V, Big Pharma, normalization, psychopolitics On November 16, 2016, Dr. Bonnie Burstow, Associate Professor of Adult Education and Community Development at the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, which is affiliated with the University of Toronto, launched the first (and thus far, only) scholarship in North America to support doctoral theses on the subject of “anti-psychiatry.” Predictably, this bold gesture garnered praise in some quarters, but provoked a barrage of criticism from both in and outside the university.