DOCSLIB.ORG

Micropropagation, Biochemical and Molecular Studies of Orchids of Western Ghats of Goa and Its Environs

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Micropropagation, Biochemical and Molecular Studies of Orchids of Western Ghats of Goa and Its Environs MICROPROPAGATION, BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR STUDIES OF ORCHIDS OF WESTERN GHATS OF GOA AND ITS ENVIRONS Thesis submitted to the Goa University for the Award of Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN t BOTANY P“-- ■ Po F-1 ,1 47 k By Govind V. Parab eV-6 1..6 s-ers Ce,4, coVre.1-4.--As s 4i1 6,424e.r- Department of Botany 4‘'`"\ Goa University, Goa - 403206 be. C. S'AreiZso VOttkos-rt.. India -r k))stvb-,e„,") May 2009 cp, s. o4-1 2-1 o 9 (CALick.) STATEMENT As required by the University Ordinance 0.19.8(ii), I state that the present thesis "Micropropagation, Biochemical and Molecular Studies of Orchids of Western Ghats of Goa and its Environs", is my original contribution and the same has not been submitted on any occasion for any other degree or diploma of this University or any other University/ Institute. To the best of my knowledge, the present study is the first comprehensive work of its kind from the area mentioned. The literature related to the problem investigated has been cited. Due acknowledgements have been made wherever facilities and suggestions have been availed of. Place: Goa (Govm V31- ra Date: 2 I o 420'05 Candidate CERTIFICATE As required by the University Ordinance 0.19.8(IV), this is to certify that the thesis entitled "Micropropagation, Biochemical and Molecular Studies of Orchids of Western Ghats of Goa and its Environs", submitted by Mr Govind V. Parab for the award of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Botany, is based on his original and independent work carried out by him during the period of study, under our supervision. The thesis or any part thereof has not been previously submitted for any other degree or diploma in any University or Institute. riltopsyv t2TeriTO (S. Krishnan) Research Guide Place: Goa Date: IA.105-12_00,3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This endeavor of mine would not have been accomplished without the profound help and co-operation of many people. I take this opportunity to remember all of them with sincere pleasure and gratitude. I express my deep and sincere thanks to my guide Dr. S. Krishnan, Sr. Lecturer, Department of Botany, Goa University, for extending his valuable guidance throughout my work. His constant encouragement and help has enabled to complete this work. No word can fulfill his sincere commitment towards the completion of the research work. I would also like to express my gratitude to Prof. D. J. Bhat, Head, Department of Botany, Goa University, for providing me the facilities to carry out my research work. My sincere thanks to my co guide, Prof. M. K. Janarthanam for his help and valuable suggestions during this study. My sincere thank to subject experts Prof. P. K. Sharma and Prof. B. F. Rodrigues, for their valuable comments, suggestions and encouragement. I am also thankful to Dr. Vijaya U. Kerkar and Dr. Nandkumar Kamat, for their encouragement and support. I also thank to Prof. P. V. Desai, Dean, Faculty of Life Sciences & Environment and Chairman of FRC for his valuable suggestions, comments and support during this study. I am indebted to Dr. Ajay Parida, Director, Division of Biotechnology and Dr. K. R. Sivaprakash, Research Scholar, M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, Chennai, for providing laboratory facilities and help during study. I thank Dr. C. Sathish Kumar, Scientist, Tropical Botanical Garden and Research Institute, Pacha Palode, Trivandrum, for the confirmation of orchid identification. I am also thankful to Mr. S. S. P. Tendulkar, Director, Department of Agriculture, Govt. of Goa, for utilizing greenhouse facility available at Zonal Agriculture Office, Ela- Goa. Also it is my duty to thank Mr. S. Gandhi, Assistant Agriculture Officer, Zonal Agriculture Office, Ela-Goa for giving valuable suggestions during the research work. I thank The Western Ghat Secretariat, Planning Commission, New Delhi and UGC Special Assistance Programme (SAP) for their financial support to carry out the research work. I thank Mr. D. G. Tripati, Director, Tulip Dignostic Pvt. Ltd. Bambolim-Goa (TDPL) for his cooperation for completion of the research work. I also take this opportunity to thank Mr. R. B. Mane, Production Manager, (TDPL) for giving constant inspiration during completion of this work. My sincere thanks to Mr. Sarvesh P. Timblo, Director, Panduronga Timblo Industrias (PTI), Margoa-Goa for providing leave facility to complete this work. I also thank Mr. R. K. Singh, Sr. Manager (PTI) for his constant encouragement and inspiration for the completion of this work. I am grateful to Mr. M. K. Reddy, Deputy General Manager and Mr. Sushil Kukade, Assistant Manager, Dempo Mining Corporation Pvt. Ltd (DMC), Bicholim, Goa, for providing leave facility and their valuable support during writing of the thesis. I also thank Mr. S. N. Shanbhag (Manager, Personnal) Mr. S. C. Mandrekar, Mr. S. D. Dewari, Mr. Rishikumar, Mr. Dharmanand Pednekar, Mr. Daveedu Shaik (DMC) for their help for completion of writing of the thesis. I express my sincere thank to Mr. Ramchandra Gawas, Goa University Library, Mr. Vithal Naik and Mr. Gajanan P. Tari, Department of Botany, Goa University, for their constant assistance and support towards the completion of this work. I thank M. Baskaran, Shilpa J. Bhonsle, Sidhesh S. Naik research scholars and Anand Girap (M. Sc., student), Department of Botany, Goa University, for their help and support during this study. My special thanks to non-teaching and administrative staffs Mr. Suresh Fondekar, Mr. Krishna Velip, Ms. Anna D'souza and Ms. Gracy Godinho, Department of Botany, Goa University, for their kind co-operation and help. I thank Mr. Dhillan Velip, Research Assistant, Department of Botany, Goa University, for his help during the field trips. I would like to thank Harshala Gad, Radhika Nair, Jyosna Desai, Rupali Bhandari, Puja Gawas, Ashish Prabhugaonkar, Pratibha Jalmi, Research Scholars, for their help and support during this work. My special thanks to my cousin Mr. Pandarinath N. Parab, brother in law Mr. Jaidatt B. Gad and Mr. Atmaram K. Gaonkar for their constant inspiration and support during this study. I offer my thanks to my friends Mr. Rajesh J. Parab, Mr. Anant S. Gawas, Mr. Bhanudus R. Parab, Mr. Venkatesh M. Sinari, Mr. Babaji P. Sinari, Mr. Uday S. Sinari and Mr. Ganapati L. Parab, Residents of Amona, for giving encouragement, support and help during the period of research work. Last but not least, I express my thanks to my loving parents and relatives (Smt. Premavati K. Govenkar, Mr. Suryakant K. Govenkar, Mr. Gurudas K. Govenkar, Mr. Sameer D. Gawas) for their constant moral support, encouragement and help during the entire period of study. My whole hearted thanks to my wife (Nutan) and son (Omkar), who have been the source of encouragement and constant support for the successful completion of this research work. PAnnimnninnnntImpninmnnpm ,g6 Dedicated to the Memories of My eloved F ther Shri Vasitnt G. Parab mrAnnvpme4r. 11,* " ;00!' CONTENTS CHAPTERS PAGE NO 1. INTRODUCTION 1 2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE 6 3. MATERIALS AND METHODS 29 4. RESULTS 46 5. DISCUSSION 86 6. CONCLUSIONS 105 7. SUMMARY 106 REFERENCES 109 APPENDIX ABBREVIATIONS Percent Plus or minus °C Degree centigrade Micro mole m Micrometer 111 Microliter BA 6-benzylamino purine bp Base pair About cv Cultivar CW Coconut water 2, 4-D 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid EDTA Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid Fl Flower Grams Hour HC1 Hydrochloric acid IAA Indole-3-acetic acid ISSR Inter simple sequence repeat KIN Kinetin Km Kilometer kb Kilo base pair 1 Litre m Meter M Molar mA Milli ampere mg Milligram MI Mitra et al., medium min Minutes ml Milliliter mm Millimeter mM Millimolar mg L-1 Miligram per liter MS Murashige and Skoog medium N Normal NAA 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid NaOH Sodium hydroxide ng Nanogram nm Nano meter OD Optical density PGRs Plant growth regulators PLBs Protocorm- like bodies ppm Part per million psi Pounds per square inch RAPD Random amplified polymorphism DNA rPm Revolutions per minute RT Room temperature SDS-PAGE Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis Sq. Km Square kilometer sec Seconds Var Variety UV Ultra violet Vern Vernacular v/v Volume by volume VW Vacin and Went medium w/v Weight by volume WAP Weeks after pollination LIST OF FIGURES Fig. 1. Map of Goa showing collection sites of orchid species. Fig. 2. Map of Goa showing collection sites of orchid populations for molecular and biochemical studies. Fig. 3. Response of coconut water on callus induction from immature seeds of Aerides maculosa. Fig 4. Response of cytokinin combinations and auxin and cytokinin combinations on PLB formation in Aerides maculosa on Vacin and Went medium supplemented with 15% coconut water. Fig. 5. Percentage survival of plantlets of Aerides maculosa. Fig. 6. Response of coconut water on callus induction from immature seeds of Rhynchostylis retusa. Fig. 7. Response of cytokinin combinations and auxin and cytokinin combinations on PLB formation in Rhynchostylis retusa on MS medium supplemented with 15% coconut water. Fig. 8. Percentage survival of plantlets of Rhynchostylis retusa. Fig. 9. Amplified and polymorphic bands in RAPD analysis of Aerides maculosa. Fig. 10. Percentage polymorphism in RAPD analysis of Aerides maculosa. Fig. 11. Dendrogram of Nei's genetic identities between the populations of Aerides maculosa based on RAPD data. Fig. 12. Amplified and polymorphic bands in ISSR analysis of Aerides maculosa. Fig. 13. Percentage polymorphism in ISSR analysis of Aerides maculosa. Fig. 14. Dendrogram of Nei's genetic identities between the populations of Aerides maculosa based on ISSR data. Fig.15. Detected and polymorphic band in SDS-PAGE analysis of Aerides maculosa. Fig.16. Percentage polymorphism in SDS-PAGE analysis of Aerides maculosa. Fig.17. Dendrogram of Nei's genetic identities between the populations of Aerides maculosa based on SDS-PAGE data.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Minireview Article the Current Research Status of Endangered
    Minireview Article The Current Research Status of Endangered Rhynchostylis retusa (L.) Blume: A Review ABSTRACT Orchids bear the crown of highly evolved ornamental floral specialization in the plant kingdom, but have poor medicinal background. Further, Rhynchostylis retusa (L.) Blume is much less studied plant species among Orchidaceae due to its overexploitation in the wild. This epiphytic herb belongs to the tropical areas and kept under endangered category by CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) that points out its abated natural population. In this sense, the aim is to document the past and present researches upon R. retusa highlighting the traditional and remedial uses, and to ignite the conservation awareness among the people. Keywords: Conservation, medicines, mythology, patents, taxonomy, tissue culture. 1. INTRODUCTION Orchidaceae (monocotyledons) are one of the largest families of the plant world extending from tropics to alpines along with a boon of astonishing beauty in their flowers [1]. Orchids are the richest among angiosperms with diverse species number (approximately >25,000) having epiphytes (more abundant, 73 %), lithophytes and ground plants [2,3]. Fossil records of orchids date back to 100 million years ago [4]. Actually the term ‘orchid’ coming from ‘orchis’ (Greek word) meaning testicle was given by Theophrastus (372-286 B.C.), who reported the use of orchid roots as aphrodiasic. Despite of huge family size, orchids are largely exploited and traded for their ornamental flower diversity but less attention is paid towards their remedial properties. According to Reinikka, the first evidence of the use of orchids as medicines comes from Shênnung’s Materia Medica in 28th century B.C.
    [Show full text]
  • Complete Issue
    ISSN 1409-3871 VOL. 8, No. 2 AUGUST 2008 Capsule development, in vitro germination and plantlet acclimatization in Phragmipedium humboldtii, P. longifolium and P. pearcei MELANIA MUÑOZ & VÍCTOR M. JI M ÉNEZ 23 Stanhopeinae Mesoamericanae IV: las Coryanthes de Charles W. Powell GÜNTER GERLACH & GUSTA V O A. RO M ERO -GONZÁLEZ 33 The Botanical Cabinet RUDOLF JENNY 43 New species and records of Orchidaceae from Costa Rica DIE G O BO G ARÍN , ADA M KARRE M ANS & FRANCO PU P ULIN 53 Book reviews 75 THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON ORCHIDOLOGY LANKESTERIANA THE IN T ERNA ti ONAL JOURNAL ON ORCH I DOLOGY Copyright © 2008 Lankester Botanical Garden, University of Costa Rica Effective publication date: August 29, 2008 Layout: Jardín Botánico Lankester. Cover: Plant of Epidendrum zunigae Hágsater, Karremans & Bogarín. Drawing by D. Bogarín. Printer: Litografía Ediciones Sanabria S.A. Printed copies: 500 Printed in Costa Rica / Impreso en Costa Rica R Lankesteriana / The International Journal on Orchidology No. 1 (2001)-- . -- San José, Costa Rica: Editorial Universidad de Costa Rica, 2001-- v. ISSN-1409-3871 1. Botánica - Publicaciones periódicas, 2. Publicaciones periódicas costarricenses LANKESTERIANA 8(2): 23-31. 2008. CAPSULE DEVELOPMENT, IN VITRO GERMINATION AND PLANTLET ACCLIMATIZATION IN PHRAGMIPEDIUM HUMBOLDTII, P. LONGIFOLIUM AND P. PEARCEI MELANIA MUÑOZ 1 & VÍCTOR M. JI M ÉNEZ 2 CIGRAS, Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060 San Pedro, Costa Rica Jardín Botánico Lankester, Universidad de Costa Rica, P.O. Box 1031, 7050 Cartago, Costa Rica [email protected]; [email protected] ABSTRACT . Capsule development from pollination to full ripeness was evaluated in Phragmipedium longifolium, P.
    [Show full text]
  • Australian Endangered Orchid, Microtis Angusii: an Evaluation of the Utility of Dna Barcoding
    Lankesteriana International Journal on Orchidology ISSN: 1409-3871 [email protected] Universidad de Costa Rica Costa Rica FLANAGAN, NICOLA S.; PEAKALL, ROD; CLEMENTS, MARK A.; OTERO, J. TUPAC MOLECULAR GENETIC DIAGNOSIS OF THE ‘TAXONOMICALLY DIFFICULT’ AUSTRALIAN ENDANGERED ORCHID, MICROTIS ANGUSII: AN EVALUATION OF THE UTILITY OF DNA BARCODING. Lankesteriana International Journal on Orchidology, vol. 7, núm. 1-2, marzo, 2007, pp. 196-198 Universidad de Costa Rica Cartago, Costa Rica Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=44339813040 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative LANKESTERIANA 7(1-2): 196-198. 2007. MOLECULAR GENETIC DIAGNOSIS OF THE ‘TAXONOMICALLY DIFFICULT’ AUSTRALIAN ENDANGERED ORCHID, MICROTIS ANGUSII: AN EVALUATION OF THE UTILITY OF DNA BARCODING. 1,3,5 1 2 2, 4 NICOLA S. FLANAGAN , ROD PEAKALL , MARK A. CLEMENTS & J. TUPAC OTERO 1 School of Botany and Zoology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. 2 Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, GPO Box 1600 Canberra ACT 2601, Australia. 3 Genetics & Biotechnology, University College Cork, Ireland 4 Dept. de Ciencias Agricolas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Palmira, Valle, Colombia 5 Author for correspondence: [email protected] KEY WORDS: Species diagnosis, barcoding, practical outcomes, clonality, Internal Transcribed Sequences (ITS), Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) As species are the common currency for conserva- to the endangered Australian orchid, Microtis angusii tion efforts, their accurate description is essential for (Flanagan et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Download All Notifications to a Spreadsheet for Analysis
    Kent Academic Repository Full text document (pdf) Citation for published version Hinsley, Amy Elizabeth (2016) Characterising the structure and function of international wildlife trade networks in the age of online communication. Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) thesis, University of Kent,. DOI Link to record in KAR https://kar.kent.ac.uk/54427/ Document Version UNSPECIFIED Copyright & reuse Content in the Kent Academic Repository is made available for research purposes. Unless otherwise stated all content is protected by copyright and in the absence of an open licence (eg Creative Commons), permissions for further reuse of content should be sought from the publisher, author or other copyright holder. Versions of research The version in the Kent Academic Repository may differ from the final published version. Users are advised to check http://kar.kent.ac.uk for the status of the paper. Users should always cite the published version of record. Enquiries For any further enquiries regarding the licence status of this document, please contact: [email protected] If you believe this document infringes copyright then please contact the KAR admin team with the take-down information provided at http://kar.kent.ac.uk/contact.html Characterising the structure and function of international wildlife trade networks in the age of online communication Amy Elizabeth Hinsley Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology School of Anthropology and Conservation University of Kent A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Biodiversity Management March 2016 “You can get off alcohol, drugs, women, food and cars but once you're hooked on orchids you're finished." Joe Kunisch, professional orchid grower, (quoted in Hansen.
    [Show full text]
  • Nocturnal Pollination by Fungus Gnats of the Colombian Endemic Species, Pleurothallis Marthae (ORCHIDACEAE: PLEUROTHALLIDINAE)
    LANKESTERIANA 13(3): 407—417. 2014. NOCTURNAL POLLINATION BY FUNGUS GNATS OF THE COLOMBIAN ENDEMIC SPECIES, PLEUROTHALLIS MARTHAE (ORCHIDACEAE: PLEUROTHALLIDINAE) CAROL ANDREA DUQUE-BUITRAGO1, NÉSTOR FABIO ALZATE-QUINTERO1 & J. TUPAC OTERO2, 3, 4 1 Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Herbario FAUC, Universidad de Caldas, PO Box 275, Manizales, Colombia 2 Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Palmira 3 Instituto de Estudios Ambientales IDEA, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Palmira 4 Author for correspondence: [email protected] ABSTRACT. Contemporary patterns of plant biodiversity result from the ecological and evolutionary processes generated by species interactions. Understanding these interactions is key for effective biodiversity conservation at the species and the ecosystem level. Orchid species often have highly specialised pollinator interactions, and the preservation of these is critical for in situ orchid conservation. The majority of orchid species occur in tropical regions, and information regarding their interactions is limited. We present data on pollinator identities, pollination mechanisms and flowering phenology of the Colombian endemic orchid, Pleurothallis marthae. We evaluated the mechanisms of attraction, the presence of osmophores, and the reproductive system of the species. Pleurothallis marthae is self-compatible with nocturnal anthesis pollinated by Mycetophila sp. (Mycetophilidae), probably attracted by a string fungus like smell liberated by the flower and Bradysia sp. (Sciaridae) that feed on nectar in the labellum. Osmophores and nectaries were detected in the epidermis of the sepals and petals. We present new evidence that the genus Pleurothallis is adapted to Diptera pollination. Our study indicates that the pollination mechanism of P.
    [Show full text]
  • Jasmine Janes, Biology
    Full name(s) of VIU faculty involved in the project and their Department(s): Jasmine Janes, Biology; Tim Goater, Biology Contact person email: [email protected] Award: Inquiry Grant Number of undergraduate student(s) involved: 1 paid Number of graduate student(s) involved: NA Number of community partner(s) involved: NA Abstract for the project: Pollination ecology provides a means of exploring plant-insect interactions in natural settings. Many plant species rely on insect pollinators to achieve reproduction. Often these relationships are quite specific (i.e. one plant, one insect) while others can be considered generalist (i.e. one plant, many insects). Understanding which strategies and pollinator groups are being used can provide valuable information regarding conservation, population dynamics, ecosystem services and species diversity. Using a combination of diurnal and nocturnal insect trapping methods, this project will investigate the pollination ecology of bog orchids (Platanthera). Members of this orchid group are believed to be pollinated by various insects and to display a variety of pollination syndromes. However, very little work has been conducted on this group in North America and studies for western North America are absent from the literature. This study will provide much needed baseline information on insect diversity, potential pollinators of Platanthera and close relatives, and the extent to which the species rely on nocturnal or diurnal insect species. The project will also provide training for an undergraduate student and facilitate further collections and teaching resources for the VIU Natural History Museum. Jasmine Janes – VIU Inquiry Application – March 2019 Floral visitor assessments of Platanthera sp. (Orchidaceae) and relatives Background Orchids are one of the most speciose plant families in the world (Cozzolino et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Check List of Wild Angiosperms of Bhagwan Mahavir (Molem
    Check List 9(2): 186–207, 2013 © 2013 Check List and Authors Chec List ISSN 1809-127X (available at www.checklist.org.br) Journal of species lists and distribution Check List of Wild Angiosperms of Bhagwan Mahavir PECIES S OF Mandar Nilkanth Datar 1* and P. Lakshminarasimhan 2 ISTS L (Molem) National Park, Goa, India *1 CorrespondingAgharkar Research author Institute, E-mail: G. [email protected] G. Agarkar Road, Pune - 411 004. Maharashtra, India. 2 Central National Herbarium, Botanical Survey of India, P. O. Botanic Garden, Howrah - 711 103. West Bengal, India. Abstract: Bhagwan Mahavir (Molem) National Park, the only National park in Goa, was evaluated for it’s diversity of Angiosperms. A total number of 721 wild species belonging to 119 families were documented from this protected area of which 126 are endemics. A checklist of these species is provided here. Introduction in the National Park are Laterite and Deccan trap Basalt Protected areas are most important in many ways for (Naik, 1995). Soil in most places of the National Park area conservation of biodiversity. Worldwide there are 102,102 is laterite of high and low level type formed by natural Protected Areas covering 18.8 million km2 metamorphosis and degradation of undulation rocks. network of 660 Protected Areas including 99 National Minerals like bauxite, iron and manganese are obtained Parks, 514 Wildlife Sanctuaries, 43 Conservation. India Reserves has a from these soils. The general climate of the area is tropical and 4 Community Reserves covering a total of 158,373 km2 with high percentage of humidity throughout the year.
    [Show full text]
  • Vascular Epiphytic Medicinal Plants As Sources of Therapeutic Agents: Their Ethnopharmacological Uses, Chemical Composition, and Biological Activities
    biomolecules Review Vascular Epiphytic Medicinal Plants as Sources of Therapeutic Agents: Their Ethnopharmacological Uses, Chemical Composition, and Biological Activities Ari Satia Nugraha 1,* , Bawon Triatmoko 1 , Phurpa Wangchuk 2 and Paul A. Keller 3,* 1 Drug Utilisation and Discovery Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Jember, Jember, Jawa Timur 68121, Indonesia; [email protected] 2 Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia; [email protected] 3 School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience and Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, and Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522 Australia * Correspondence: [email protected] (A.S.N.); [email protected] (P.A.K.); Tel.: +62-3-3132-4736 (A.S.N.); +61-2-4221-4692 (P.A.K.) Received: 17 December 2019; Accepted: 21 January 2020; Published: 24 January 2020 Abstract: This is an extensive review on epiphytic plants that have been used traditionally as medicines. It provides information on 185 epiphytes and their traditional medicinal uses, regions where Indigenous people use the plants, parts of the plants used as medicines and their preparation, and their reported phytochemical properties and pharmacological properties aligned with their traditional uses. These epiphytic medicinal plants are able to produce a range of secondary metabolites, including alkaloids, and a total of 842 phytochemicals have been identified to date. As many as 71 epiphytic medicinal plants were studied for their biological activities, showing promising pharmacological activities, including as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer agents. There are several species that were not investigated for their activities and are worthy of exploration.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity of Orchid Species of Odisha State, India. with Note on the Medicinal and Economic Uses
    Diversity of orchid species of Odisha state, India. With note on the medicinal and economic uses Sanjeet Kumar1*, Sweta Mishra1 & Arun Kumar Mishra2 ________________________________ 1Biodiversity and Conservation Lab., Ambika Prasad Research Foundation, India 2Divisional Forest Office, Rairangpur, Odisha, India * author for correspondence: [email protected] ________________________________ Abstract The state of Odisha is home to a great floral and faunistic wealth with diverse landscapes. It enjoys almost all types of vegetations. Among its floral wealth, the diversity of orchids plays an important role. They are known for their beautiful flowers having ecological values. An extensive survey in the field done from 2009 to 2020 in different areas of the state, supported by information found in the literature and by the material kept in the collections of local herbariums, allows us to propose, in this article, a list of 160 species belonging to 50 different genera. Furthermore, endemism, conservation aspects, medicinal and economic values of some of them are discussed. Résumé L'État d'Odisha abrite une grande richesse florale et faunistique avec des paysages variés. Il bénéficie de presque tous les types de végétations. Parmi ses richesses florales, la diversité des orchidées joue un rôle important. Ces dernières sont connues pour leurs belles fleurs ayant une valeurs écologiques. Une étude approfondie réalisée sur le terrain de 2009 à 2020 Manuscrit reçu le 04/09/2020 Article mis en ligne le 21/02/2021 – pp. 1-26 dans différentes zones de l'état, appuyée par des informations trouvées dans la littérature et par le matériel conservé dans les collections d'herbiers locaux, nous permettent de proposer, dans cet article, une liste de 160 espèces appartenant à 50 genres distincts.
    [Show full text]
  • Platanthera Chapmanii: Culture, Population Augmentation, and Mycorrhizal Associations
    Platanthera chapmanii: culture, population augmentation, and mycorrhizal associations By Kirsten Poff, B.S. A Thesis In Plant and Soil Science Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Texas Tech University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Approved Dr. Jyotsna Sharma Chair of Committee Dr. Scott Longing Dr. John Zak Dr. Mark Sheridan Dean of the Graduate School August, 2016 © 2016, Kirsten Poff Texas Tech University, Kirsten Poff, August 2016 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First I would like to thank my mentor and advisor, Dr. Jyotsna Sharma for all of her help and support. She has challenged and encouraged me throughout my program and the duration of this project. Thanks to her, I am light-years ahead of where I was two years ago. Texas Parks and Wildlife is also gratefully acknowledged for funding portions of this study. I also wish to express my gratitude to Dr. John Zak for his enthusiasm and for encouraging my love of microbes. I also gratefully thank Dr. Scott Longing for his advice, and constructive comments. I sincerely thank all three committee members for all the time and energy they have spent on me throughout the duration of my project. I gratefully acknowledge Dr. Jason Woodward for his encouragement and recommendations as well. I also acknowledge Dr. Cynthia McKenney and Mr. Russel Plowman for their support; I now have a passion for teaching, and a much better understanding of what it is like to teach college level courses. I want to also thank Mr. Robby Carlson for his time and technological assistance.
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.ARE OUR ORCHIDS SAFE DOWN UNDER?
    Lankesteriana International Journal on Orchidology ISSN: 1409-3871 [email protected] Universidad de Costa Rica Costa Rica BACKHOUSE, GARY N. ARE OUR ORCHIDS SAFE DOWN UNDER? A NATIONAL ASSESSMENT OF THREATENED ORCHIDS IN AUSTRALIA Lankesteriana International Journal on Orchidology, vol. 7, núm. 1-2, marzo, 2007, pp. 28- 43 Universidad de Costa Rica Cartago, Costa Rica Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=44339813005 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative LANKESTERIANA 7(1-2): 28-43. 2007. ARE OUR ORCHIDS SAFE DOWN UNDER? A NATIONAL ASSESSMENT OF THREATENED ORCHIDS IN AUSTRALIA GARY N. BACKHOUSE Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Division, Department of Sustainability and Environment 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002 Australia [email protected] KEY WORDS:threatened orchids Australia conservation status Introduction Many orchid species are included in this list. This paper examines the listing process for threatened Australia has about 1700 species of orchids, com- orchids in Australia, compares regional and national prising about 1300 named species in about 190 gen- lists of threatened orchids, and provides recommen- era, plus at least 400 undescribed species (Jones dations for improving the process of listing regionally 2006, pers. comm.). About 1400 species (82%) are and nationally threatened orchids. geophytes, almost all deciduous, seasonal species, while 300 species (18%) are evergreen epiphytes Methods and/or lithophytes. At least 95% of this orchid flora is endemic to Australia.
    [Show full text]
  • Meristem Culture of Miniature Monopodial Orchids
    MERISTEM CULTURE OF MINIATURE MONOPODIAL ORCHIDS A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN HORTICULTURE MAY 1972 By Oradee Intuwong Thesis Committee: Yoneo Sagawa, Chairman Haruyuki Kamemoto Douglas J, C. Friend We certify that we have read this thesis and that in our opinion it is satisfactory in scope and quality as a thesis for the degree of Master of Science in Horticulture, THESIS COMMITTEE / Chg4.rman TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF TABLES.................................................. iv LIST OF FIGURES................................................. v ACKNOWLEDGEMENT............................. vi INTRODUCTION.................................................... 1 REVIEW OF LITERATURE............................................ 3 MATERIALS AND METHODS............................ 8 RESULTS.......................................................... 13 DISCUSSION...................................................... 58 SUMMARY......................................................... 64 LITERATURE CITED......................... 65 LIST OF TABLES Page TABLE 1. THE ABILITY OF DIFFERENT HYBRIDS AND BUDS FROM DIFFERENT POSITIONS TO FORM PROTOCORM-LIKE BODIES............................................... 14 TABLE II. PROLIFERATION OF TISSUE FROM YOUNG INFLORESCENCES....................................... 15 LIST OF FIGUEES Page FIGUEE 1. METHOD OF OBTAINING EXPLANTS........................ 10 FIGUEE 2. INFLOEESCENCE CULTUBE..............................
    [Show full text]