The Graduate Center of the City University of New York

History Department

Hist 80200 Prof. C Rosenberg France and Its Empire Since 1830 [email protected] Spring 2019

Course Description: This course will survey the historiography of France and its empire since the conquest of Algeria in 1830. Examining a mix of classic and more recent works, we will pay special attention to two central themes that have preoccupied historians of the past generation: (1) immigration, anti-Semitism, and Vichy, and (2) controversies over the French empire and its relationship to the Republican tradition.

Learning Objectives: By the end of the course, students should be able: to demonstrate a command of several of the recent historiographical themes in modern French history; to analyze individual works in terms of cogency of argument, the appropriateness of the sources, and clarity of organization; and to put together several works into larger arguments in preparation for passing exams.

Overviews: Robert Gildea, Children of the Revolution: The French, 1799-1914 (2008); and Roderick Kedward, France and the French: A Modern History (2006), also called La vie en bleu: France and the French Since 1900. For textbook coverage, Alice Conklin, Sarah Fishman, Robert Zaretsky, France and Its Empire Since 1870 (2011); and Jeremy Popkin, A History of Modern France, 4th ed (2012). For the empire, Robert Aldrich, Greater France: A History of French Overseas Expansion (1996); Martin Thomas, The French Empire Between the Wars (2007); and Jacques Thobie, et. al., Histoire de la France coloniale, 2 vols. (1990-1991).

Schedule of classes:

1. Introduction to the Course – Jan 29 • Frederick Cooper and Ann Laura Stoler, “Between Metropole and Colony: Rethinking a Research Agenda,” in their Tensions of Empire: Colonial Cultures in a Bourgeois World, 1-56.* • Jean-Frédéric Schaub, “La catégorie « études coloniales » est-elle indispensable,” Annales: Histoire, Sciences sociales 63, no. 3 (June 2008): 625- 646.*

2. The Conquest of Algeria – Feb 5 • Benjamin Brower, A Desert Named Peace: The Violence of France’s Empire in the Algerian Sahara, 1844-1902, parts 1-3 and concl. [on-line access available from the library] • Jennifer Sessions, By Sword and Plow: France and the Conquest of Algeria, intro., chaps. 1-4, 6, concl. Reports: Pierre Nora, Les français d’Algérie (Paris: Julliard, 1961).

Recommended: H-France Review of Brower, vol. 10, no. 114 (August 2010) http://www.h- france.net/vol10reviews/vol10no114rosenberg.pdf; Raphaelle Branche, L’embuscade de Palestro ; Osama Abi-Mershed, Apostles of Modernity: Saint-Simonians and the Civilizing Mission in Algeria (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2010); David Prochaska, Making Algeria French: Colonialism in Bône, 1870-1920 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990); Julia Clancy-Smith, Rebel and Saint: Muslim Notables, Populist Protest, Colonial Encounters (Algeria and Tunisia, 1800-1904) (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994); Diana K. Davis, Resurrecting the Granary of Rome: Environmental History and French Colonial Expansion in North Africa (Columbus: Ohio Univ. Press, 2007); Charles-André Julien, Histoire de l’Algérie contemporaine, vol. 1, La conquête et les débuts de la colonisation, 1827-1871 (Paris: PUF, 1979); Charles-Robert Ageron, Les algériens musulmans et la France, 1871-1919, 2 vols. (Paris: PUF, 1968); and Valérie Assan, Les consistoires israélites d’Algérie au XIXe siècle (Paris: Armand Colin, 2012).

No class on 2/12 – Lincoln’s birthday

3. Labor and the Revolutionary Tradition – Feb 19 • William Sewell, Work and Revolution in France: The Language of Labor from the Old Regime to 1848 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1980), intro., chaps. 7-12.* • Jacques Rancière, “The Myth of the Artisan: Critical Reflections on a Category of Social History,” in Steven Kaplan and Cynthia Koepp, eds., Work in France: Representations, Meaning, Organization, and Practice (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1986).* • Gérard Noiriel, Workers in French Society in the 19th and 20th Centuries (Oxford: Berg, 1990), chaps. 1-4.* • Allain Cottereau, “The Distinctiveness of Working-Class Cultures in France, 1848-1900,” in Ira Katznelson and Aristide R. Zolberg, eds., Working-Class Formation: Nineteenth-Century Patters in Europe and the United States (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1986).* Reports: Patrick O’Brien and Caglar Keydar, Economic Growth in Britain and France, 1780-1914: Two Paths to the Twentieth Century (London: Allen & Unwin, 1978)

Recommended: Yves Lequin, Les ouvriers de la région lyonnaise, 2 vols. (Lyon: PUL, 1977); Jacques Rancière, The Nights of Labor: The Workers’ Dream in Nineteenth-Century France, trans. John Drury (1981; Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, 1989); Judith Coffin, The Politics of Women’s Work: The Paris Garment Trades, 1750-1915 (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1996); Gay Gullickson, Spinners and Weavers of Auffay: Rural Industry and the Sexual Division of Labor in a French Village, 1750-1850 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1986); Tony Judt, Marxism and the French Left: Studies on Labour and Politics in France, 1830-1981 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986); Michelle Perrot, Les ouvriers en grève, 1871-1890, 2 vols. (Paris: Mouton, 1974).

4. Peasants into Frenchmen – Feb 26 • Eugen Weber, Peasants into Frenchmen: The Modernization of Rural France, chaps. 1-7, 12-13, 15, 17-18, 24-29.* • Maurice Agulhon, The Republic in the Village: The People of the Var from the French Revolution to the Second Republic, intro, chaps. 5, 7, 9-10; part II, section 2, entire; concl. • Jean-François Chanet, L’école républicaine et les petites patries, parts 1 and 3 (concentrate on chaps. 6-7) ; OR Ed Berenson, Populist Religion and Left-Wing Politics in France, 1830-1850, intro., chaps. 1-2, 5-6. • Ted Margadant, “French Rural Society in the Nineteenth Century: A Review,” Agricultural History 53, no. 3 (July 1979): 644-51.

Report: Anne-Marie Thiesse, Ils apprenaient la France : L’exaltation des régions dans le discours patriotique.

Recommended: Maurice Agulhon et al., Histoire de la France rurale, vol. 3, De 1789 à 1914 (Paris: Seuil, 1992); Paul Bois, Les paysans de l’Ouest; des structures économiques et sociales aux options politiques depuis l’époque révolutionnaire dans la Sarthe (Le Mans: Vilaire, 1960); Alain Corbin, Archaïsme et modernité en Limousin au XIXe siècle, 1845-1880 (Paris: Marcel Rivière, 1975) ; Philippe Vigier, La Seconde République dans la région alpine, 2 vols. (Paris: PUF, 1963); Ted Margadant, French Peasants in Revolt: The Insurrection of 1851 (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1979); John Merriman, The Agony of the Republic (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1978); James Lehning, Peasant and French: Cultural Contact in Rural France in the Nineteenth Century (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995); Peter Sahlins, Boundaries: The Making of France and Spain in the Pyrénées (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991); and Caroline Ford, Creating the Nation in Provincial France: Religion and Political Identity in Brittany (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1993).

5. The Stalemate Society and its Critics – Mar 5 • David Landes, “French Entrepreneurship and Industrial Growth in the Nineteenth Century,” Journal of Economic History 9 (1949).* • Stanley Hoffmann, “Paradoxes of the French Political Community,” in In Search of France (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1963), 1-117.* • Philip Nord, The Republican Moment: Struggles for Democracy in Nineteenth- Century France Reports : Laurence Wylie, Village in the Vaucluse (1957)

Recommended: Marc Bloch, The Strange Defeat (1941) ; Jean-Baptiste Duroselle, La décadence, 1932-1939 (Paris: Imprimerie nationale, 1979); Julian Jackson, The Fall of France: The Nazi Invasion of 1940 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003); Ernest R. May, Strange Victory: Hitler’s Conquest of France (New York: Hill & Wang, 2000); Paul Jankowski, Stavisky: A Confidence Man in the Republic of Virtue (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 2002); Michael B. Miller, Shanghai on the Metro: Spies, Intrigue and the French Between the Wars (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994); Harry W. Paul, “The Issue of Decline in Nineteenth-Century French Science,” FHS 7, no. 3 (Spring 1972): 416- 50; Mary Jo Nye, “Scientific Decline: Is Quantitative Evaluation Enough?” Isis 75, no. 4 (December 1984): 697-708; and the forum on the Third Republic in FHS 17, no. 2 (Autumn, 1991).

Week 6. Empires as Laboratories of Modernity – Mar 12 • C. M. Andrew and A. S. Kanya-Forstner, “The French ‘Colonial Party’: Its Composition, Aims, and Influence, 1885-1914,” The Historical Journal 14, no. 1 (March 1971): 99-128.* • Paul Rabinow, French Modern: Norms and Forms of the Social Environment, 1- 57, 104-210, 251-358.* • Peter Zinoman, The Colonial Bastille: A History of Imprisonment in Vietnam, 1862-1940. [electronic resource] • Guillaume Lachenal, “Le médecin qui voulut être roi : Médecine coloniale et utopie au Cameroun,” Annales: Histoire, sciences sociales 65, no. 1 (2010): 121-56.* Reports: Charles-Robert Ageron, Le parti colonial ou la France coloniale ?

Recommended: Frederick Cooper and Ann Laura Stoler, Tensions of Empire; Stoler, Race and the Education of Desire; Emmanuelle Saada, Empire’s Children: Race, Filiation, and Citizenship in the French Colonies (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2012); Mary D. Lewis, Divided Rule: Sovereignty and Empire in French Tunisia, 1881-1938 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2013).

7. Antisemitism and Fascism – Mar 19 • Ruth Harris, Dreyfus: Politics, Emotion, and the Scandal of the Century, intro, chaps, 1, 3, part II (chaps. 6-10), chap. 18, and epilogue.* • Sophie Roberts, Citizenship and Anti-Semitism in French Colonial Algeria, 1870-1962, chap. 2.* • Zeev Sternhell, Neither Right Nor Left: Fascist Ideology in France, intro, chaps. 1-2, concl.* o Robert Wohl, “French Fascism, Both Right and Left: Reflections on the Sternhell Controversy,” JMH 53, no. 1 (March 1991): 91-98.* o Serge Berstein, “La France des années trente allergique au Fascisme : A propos d’un livre de Zeev Sternhell,” Vingtième siècle, no. 2 (April 1984), 83-94.*

• Vicki Caron, The Anti-Semitic Revival in France in the 1930s,” JMH 70, no. 1 (March 1998): 27-73.* • René Rémond, The Right Wing in France, From 1815 to de Gaulle, 273-99 [ACLS ebook]. Reports : Zeev Sternhell, La droite révolutionnaire : Les origines françaises du fascisme, rev. ed. (Paris: Seuil, 1984); or Pierre Birnbaum, Antisemitism in France: A Political History from Leon Blum to the Present (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992).

Recommended: Pierre Birnbaum, The Antisemitic Moment: A Tour of France in 1898 (New York: Hill & Wang, 2002); Michael Marrus, “Vichy Before Vichy: Antisemitic Currents in France During the 1930s,” Wiener Library Bulletin 33, no. 51-52 (1980): 13-19; William D. Irvine, “Fascism in France and the Strange Case of the Croix de Feu,” JMH 63, no. 2 (June 1991): 271-95); Noiriel, Immigration, antisémitisme et racisme en France, XIXe-XXe siècle : Discours publics, humiliations privées (Paris: Fayard, 2012); Noiriel, Les origines Républicaines de Vichy (Paris: Hachette, 1999); Robert O. Paxton, “The Five Stages of Fascism,” JMH 70, no. 1 (March 1998); Paxton, French Peasant Fascism: Henry Dorgerès’s Greenshirts and the Crises of French Agriculture, 1929-1939 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997); Philippe Burrin, La dérive fasciste : Doriot, Déat, Bergerey : 1933-1945 (1985; Paris: Seuil, 2003); Robert Soucy, French Fascism: The First Wave, 1924-1933 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1986); and Soucy, French Fascism, the Second Wave, 1933-1939 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1995).

8. Immigration and Citizenship – Mar 26 • Gérard Noiriel, The French Melting Pot: Immigration, Citizenship, and National Identity, trans. Geoffroy de Laforcade, chaps. 1-2, 5-6. • Patrick Weil, How to Be French: Nationality in the Making.* • Rogers Brubaker, Citizenship and Nationhood in France and Germany, chaps. 1, 4-5.* Reports: Mary D. Lewis, The Boundaries of the Republic: Migrant Rights and the Limits of Universalism in France, 1918-1940 (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2007).

Recommended: Noiriel, Immigration, antisémitisme et racisme en France, XIEe-XXe siècle : Discours publics, humiliations privées (Paris: Fayard, 2012); Noiriel, La tyrannie du national : Le droit d’asyle en Europe, 1793-1993 (Paris: Calmann-Lévy, 1991); Clifford Rosenberg, Policing Paris: The Origins of Modern Immigration Controls Between the Wars (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2006); Ralph Schor, L’Opinion française et les étrangers, 1919-1939 (Paris: Publications de la Sorbonne, 1985); Pierre Milza, Voyage à Ritalie (Paris: Plon, 1993); Janine Ponty, Polonais méconnus (Paris: Publications de la Sorbonne, 1985); Alexis Spire, Étrangers à la carte: L’administration de l’immigration en France, 1945-1975 (Paris: Grasset, 2005); Pascal Perrineau and Nonna Mayer, eds., Le Front National à découvert (Paris: FNSP, 1996); Françoise Gaspard, A Small City in France: A Socialist Mayor Confronts Neofascism, trans. Arthur Goldhammer (1990; Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1995).

9. Empire and Immigration – Apr 2 • Gregory Mann, Native Sons: West African Veterans and France in the Twentieth Century. • Ethan Katz, The Burdens of Brotherhood: Jews and Muslims from North Africa to France. Reports: Michael Goebel, Anti-Imperial Metropolis: Interwar Paris and the Seeds of Third World Nationalism (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015)

Recommended: Minayo Nasiali, Native to the Republic: Empire, Social Citizenship, and Everyday Life in Marseille (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2016); Jennifer Boittin, Colonial Metropolis: The Urban Grounds of Anti-Imperialism and Feminism in Interwar Paris (Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 2010); Tyler Stovall, Paris Noir: African Americans in the City of Light; Gary Wilder, The French Imperial Nation State: Negritude and Colonial Humanism Between the Two World Wars (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005).

SPRING BREAK

10. Vichy – Apr 16 • Robert O. Paxton, Vichy France: Old Guard and New Order • Paxton and Marrus, Vichy France and the Jews, chap. 1.* • Fabrice Virgili, Shorn Women: Gender and Punishment in Liberation France Reports: Henry Rousso, The Vichy Syndrome: History and Memory in France Since 1944

Recommended: Jean-Pierre Bédarida et al., Vichy et les français (Paris: Fayard, 1992); Marc-Olivier Baruch, Servir l’État français : L’administration en France de 1940 à 1944 (Paris: Fayard, 1997); Jean- Marc Berlière and Laurant Chabrun, Les policiers français sous l’Occupation, d’après les archives inédites de l’épuration (Paris: Perrin, 2001); Renée Poznanski, Jews in France During World War II (Waltham, MA: Brandeis University Press, 2001); Laurent Joly, Vichy dans la « Solution Finale » : Histoire du Commissariat général aux questions juives, 1941-1944 (Paris : Grasset, 2006); Le ‘Fichier Juif’ : Rapport de la commission présidée par René Rémond au Premier ministre (Paris : Plon, 1996) ; Serge Klarsfeld, Vichy-Auschwitz : Le rôle de la France dans la solution finale de la question juive en France, 2 vols. (Paris : Fayard, 1983-85) ; Klarsfeld, Le calendrier de la persécution des Juifs en France (Paris : Association les fils et filles des déportés juifs de France, 1993) ; Jean-Pierre Azéma, « La Milice », Vingtième siècle : Revue d’histoire 28 (October-December 1990) : 83-105 ; Denis Peschanski, La France des camps : L’internement, 1938-1946 (Paris : Gallimard, 2002) ; Eric T. Jennings, Vichy in the Tropics: The National Revolution in Madagascar, Guadeloupe, and Indochina, 1940-1944 (Stanford : Stanford University Press, 2001) ; Luc Capdevilla, Les Bretons au lendemain de l’Occupation: Imaginaires et comportements d’une sortie de guerre (1944-1945) (Rennes: Presses Universitaires de Rennes, 1999); Domenique Veillon, Vivre et survivre en France, 1939-1937 (Paris: Payot, 1995); John F. Sweets, Choices in Vichy France: The French Under the Nazi Occupation (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994); Pierre Laborie, L’opinion française sous Vichy (Paris: Seuil, 1990).

11. Reconstruction – Apr 23 • Herrick Chapman, France’s Long Reconstruction : In Search of the Modern Republic, intro and chaps. 1-2, 4-5, 7, and concl. • Philip Nord, France’s New Deal: From the Thirties to the Postwar Era, intro, part I (chaps. 1-3) and concl. [electronic resource] o http://www.h-france.net/forum/h-franceforumvol6.html

Reports: Gabrielle Hecht, The Radiance of France: Nuclear Power and National Identity After World War Two (Cambridge: MIT, 1998).

Recommended: Gordon Wright, Rural Revolution in France: The Peasantry in the Twentieth Century (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1964); Richard Kuisel, Seducing the French: The Dilemma of Americanization (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993); Antoine Prost and Gérard Vincent, eds., Riddles of Identity in Modern Times, vol. 5 of A History of Private Life; Jane Jenson, “The Liberation and New Rights for French Women,” in Margaret Higonnet, et. al., Behind the Lines: Gender and the Two World Wars (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1987).

12. Between Empire and Nation – Apr 30 • Fred Cooper, Citizenship Between Empire and Nation: Remaking France and French Africa, 1945-1960. • Gary Wilder, Freedom Time: Negritude, Decolonization, and the Future of the World • Samuel Moyn, “Fantasies of Federalism,” Dissent 2015 (https://www.dissentmagazine.org/article/fantasies-of-federalism) Reports: Gregory Mann, From Empires to NGO’s in the West African Sahel: The Road to Nongovernmentality

Recommended: Cooper, Decolonization and African Society: The Labor Question in French and British Africa; Alice Conklin, A Mission to Civilize ; Mann, Native Sons ; G. Wesley Johnson, The Emergence of Black Politics in Senegal: The Struggle for Power in the Four Communes, 1900-1920 (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1971).

13. Algeria and Decolonization – May 7 • Todd Shepard, The Invention of Decolonization • Jeffrey James Byrne, Mecca of Revolution: Algeria, Decolonization, and the Third World Reports: House and MacMaster, Paris, 1961 : Algerians, State Terror, and Memory

Recommended: Adria K. Lawrence, Imperial Rule and the Politics of Nationalism: Anti-Colonial Protest in the French Empire (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013); Emmanuel Blanchard, La police parisienne et les algériens, 1944-1962 (Paris, 2011); Alain Dewerpe, Charonne, 8 février 1962 : Anthropologie historique d’un massacre d’État (Paris : Gallimard, 2006) ; Alexis Spire, « Quand la raison d’État fait perdre la raison », RHMC 54, no. 2 (2007) ; Sylvie Thénault, Une drôle de justice : Les magistrats dans la guerre d’Algérie (Paris : La Découverte, 2001) ; Thénault, Violence ordinaire dans l’Algérie coloniale : Camps, internements, assignations à résidence (Paris: Odile Jacob, 2012); Branche, Prisonniers du FLN (Paris : Payot, 2014) ; Martin Evans, Algeria: France’s Undeclared War (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011); James Le Sueur, Uncivil War: Intellectuals and Identity Politics During the Decolonization of Algeria (Philadelphia: UPenn Press, 2001); Matthew Connelly, “Taking Off the Cold War Lens: Visions of North-South Conflict During the Algerian War for Independence,” AHR 105, no. 3 (2000): 739-769; Muriel Cohen, “Des familles invisibles : Politiques publiques et trajectoires résidentielles de l’immigration algérienne, 1945-1985,” Thèse d’histoire, Univ. de Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, 2013.

14. France in Crisis – May 14 • Tim Smith, France in Crisis: Welfare, Inequality, and Globalization Since 1980, chaps. 1-2, 5-8. • Thomas Piketty, Top Incomes in France in the Twentieth Century (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2018), intro., chaps. 1-3 and 5. • Joan Scott, The Politics of the Veil, chaps. 1-2.* Reports : Alexis Spire, Résistances à l’impôt, attachement à l’État : Enquête sur les contribuables français (Paris : Seuil, 2018).